This massage technique was developed by Japanese physician Takuhiro Nakimoshi. This type of massage therapy is manual and is carried out using pressure with fingers or palm on the biological and energy points of the human body along the meridians. In massage using this technique, no other classical massage techniques are performed.

Japanese massage involves working on the human body using perpendicular finger pressure. This type of massage therapy is also called acupressure therapy, since with it the same points of your body are treated with different, sometimes multiple, number of pressures with different intensities.

The diagnosis of the person's disease influences how the intervention should be carried out. If the Shiatsu massage technique is correct, then the patient does not feel pain even with the deepest pressure.

The main feature of this massage therapy is that it does not treat the disease itself, but eliminates its root causes. Treatment using this method can awaken the inner strength of your body, affecting active points and thereby launching the mechanism of its recovery, inherent in the body by nature.

When performing this massage technique, the massage therapist does not use traditional techniques, but, nevertheless, your body feels a load similar to physical one. The fact that therapy has been completed is indicated by slight pain in those points of the body that were affected.

It is worth noting that by massaging the points, the body becomes more flexible and mobile, as this relieves tension.

Main types

There are several types of procedures using this technique. The following body parts are massaged:

• Feet.
• Whole body.
• Back.
• Face.
• Breast.
• Head.

By working on your feet, the massage therapist will quickly help you relieve tension and fatigue. There are a large number of biologically active points on a person’s feet, by working on which one can cure certain diseases, for example, internal organs, spine and head.

A massage using the Shiatsu method of the whole body will help relieve tension, restore mobility, eliminate muscle tension and pathological processes in the body, and calm the nervous system. By massaging your back using the Shiatsu method, a specialist will help eliminate problems with the spine, restore it after injuries, and relieve muscle tension.

Japanese therapy applied to the facial area, will help get rid of headaches, eliminate congestion(sinusitis, otitis media, etc.), relieve headaches and rejuvenate the skin. The Shiatsu breast massage procedure can only be applied to men, since pressure techniques in this area are contraindicated for women due to their physiological characteristics.

Head massage therapy using this method helps not only to get rid of headaches, but also to eliminate many psychological problems.

The result of impact on specific points

1. Stomach pain.
2. Wheezing.
3. Diarrhea.
4. Nasal congestion.
5. Colds.
6. Toothache.
7. Headache.
8. Pain in the liver.
9. Urinary incontinence.
10. Diabetes mellitus.
11. Stomach prolapse.
12. Nosebleeds.
13. Bruises and sprains.
14. Bronchial asthma.
15. Vertebral displacements.
16. Numbness of the legs.
17. Shots.

Important It should be noted that the treatment begins with massaging the main points of the body, and then those responsible for the diseases, the symptoms of which are described by the patient, are exposed.

Impact technique

When performing massage according to the Japanese method, the massage therapist uses a pressure technique, which is performed using the thumbs, index, middle, three fingers of one or two hands, and palm. Also, according to the technique, the specialist’s fingertips are in contact with the human body, the pressure force must be taken into account and not exceed more than 3-5 kg.

The time of one pressure depends on the goals, for example, healing effects should not exceed 7 seconds, pressure on the neck area 3 seconds, localization of painful sensations by this method lasts from 2 to 10 minutes.

It is important to be able to use the correct combinations of fingers; for weak impact, use the index or middle finger. For a stronger thumb or a combination of the second and third, for a strong one, use the thumbs, three fingers together or the palm.

Important to say that when the technique is performed correctly, a person does not feel discomfort; its sensations are similar to weak electrical discharges in the body.

Indications and contraindications

The main indications for this therapy are the following health problems:

• Bad feeling.
• Chronic fatigue.
• Poor appetite.
• Stagnation of venous blood.
• Constipation.
• Liver disorders.
• Insomnia.
• Blood pressure surges.
• Sexual dysfunction.

But despite the positive effect in most cases, this technique also has contraindications for use:

• Simultaneous diseases of such vital organs as the liver, heart, lungs and kidneys.
• Ulcer.
• Infectious and purulent diseases.
• Hemophilia.
• Oncology.
• Burns.
• Fever.
• Intestinal obstruction.
• Fractures.
• Thrombophlebitis.

Shiatsu facial massage

Facial massage using this technique is applied to both women and men. A targeted effect on the face can eliminate headaches and migraines, runny nose, relieve fatigue and relieve insomnia. In addition, finger pressure improves vision, psychological state, and improves facial skin.

Regular massaging using this technique helps slow down the aging process, eliminate existing wrinkles and prevent the appearance of new ones, strengthen muscles, improve blood circulation, return a beautiful and healthy color to the face, speed up the fight against rashes.

But it is worth remembering that there are also contraindications for the procedure; it cannot be done for those who suffer from low intracranial pressure, have herpes, dermatological rashes, rosacea, furunculosis, etc.

Preparing the face

To implement the Japanese method of facial massage, you need to prepare:

1. Cleanse your face with a special product and lightly exfoliate.
2. Dilate blood vessels and relax facial muscles with a steam bath.
3. Relax so that the procedure is effective.
4. Apply cream to your face to help moisturize it.

After carrying out the above manipulations, you can perform the procedure itself.

Execution technique

When performing this technique, the massage therapist should ensure that the hand movements are clear and slow; if the subcutaneous fat layer is thin, then the pressure must be applied less than in the opposite situation.

If therapy is carried out for cosmetic purposes, then one press on the point should not exceed 7 seconds. If the massage is carried out for therapeutic purposes, the effect may last for several minutes. Massage using this method is more beneficial in the morning for no longer than 10-15 minutes.

Scheme of implementation

Japanese acupressure massage can get rid of wrinkles on the forehead. To perform it, you need to place three fingers of each hand on points located in the middle of the forehead. Next, apply a little pressure on them and hold the pressure for 7 seconds. Then the fingers are moved slightly to the sides from the middle of the forehead and pressure is applied again.

Moving your fingers, each time further you should stop at your temples and press your fingers tightly to the skin, also hold for 7 seconds. Also, this massage therapy technique can get rid of wrinkles on the bridge of the nose. To do it, you need to find a point called the “third eye”, it is located in the middle of the forehead, and press on it.

Next, you need to place three fingers on this point and make light circular movements for 7 seconds. This technique can also relieve nosebleeds, sinusitis and runny nose. The Japanese massage procedure can also make your eyes shiny, healthy, relieve fatigue, remove swelling of the eyelids, and improve vision.

This technique is carried out using three fingers, which need to be placed on the eyebrows at equal intervals so that the middle one is in the middle. Apply light pressure on the points for no more than 7 seconds. Acupressure can make your lips beautiful, smooth out nasolabial folds and eliminate fine wrinkles.

To carry out this procedure, you need to place your middle finger on the point that is located in the hollow above the upper lip and massage it for 7 seconds. It is also possible to perform this technique, which involves placing your fingers on four active points, that is, in the corners of the lips, above the upper and lower lips. Massage movements also last no more than 7 seconds.

To become the owner of elastic and toned cheeks, you need to place the fingers of both hands on three biologically important points located under the cheekbones on both sides. All six points must be massaged simultaneously for 7 seconds.

To improve the contours of the oval face, you need to place three fingers of each hand on both sides of the chin, while the thumb lightly presses the jaw from below. You need to massage this area for 7 seconds. After regularly performing this procedure, you will notice that the oval of the face will become clearer and more defined, and jowls will disappear.

How often can procedures be performed?

The oriental massage technique using the Shiatsu method can be performed at home. The usual course of recovery is at least 15 days, and preferably 3-4 weeks, then significant improvements will become noticeable. After completing the entire course of massage therapy, you should give your skin a little rest, taking a short break from the procedures.

It is advisable to conduct at least three massage courses per year using this technique for health-improving cosmetological purposes. The number of courses can be increased by a specialist in case of a positive effect of using the procedure as a treatment method for a particular disease.

Shiatsu acupressure is a unique auxiliary therapy in the treatment of many diseases. In addition, this technique can eliminate not only many age-related changes, but also noticeably improve psycho-emotional state.

Video lesson: how to do Shiatsu massage.

Jacquet massage is a therapeutic facial massage performed using a plucking technique. It is prescribed on the recommendation of a cosmetologist and helps to significantly improve the condition of the skin and correct the shape of the face.

What is Jacquet massage?

This type of massage was first used by the French dermatologist L.M.L. Jacquet to restore the skin after suffering skin diseases. Active action on the skin causes blood flow to the tissues and helps accelerate regeneration processes. However, during treatment it turned out that massage also effectively combats age-related changes. During the procedure, the sebaceous and sweat glands are stimulated, microcirculation is enhanced, which leads to rapid regeneration and strengthening of tissues. Therefore, massage according to Jacquet not only fights the consequences of skin diseases, but also has a lifting effect.

Pinch massage is an effective method for restoring problematic skin.

When can a facial treatment be beneficial?

The procedure is used primarily to treat oily, problematic skin.

Jacquet used pinch massage to rehabilitate the skin after the following skin diseases:

• acne;
• scars and cicatrices;
• comedones and acne;
• circulatory disorders of skin areas;
• excessive activity of the sebaceous glands;
• seborrhea;
• hyperpigmentation.

Cosmetologists who practice Jacquet massage, after a course of procedures, note such positive effects as:

• elimination of foci of inflammation;
• reduction of hyperpigmentation of skin areas and restoration of a healthy complexion;
• eliminating skin greasiness;
• getting rid of acne, acne and reducing the likelihood of its occurrence;
• removal of scars;
• increased muscle tone;
• correction of facial oval.

Jacquet massage is used not only for the face

It is worth noting that this massage technique can be used not only to treat facial skin problems. Pinch massage is also used on the skin of the chest, back and thighs.

Contraindications for pinch massage

Not everyone can use this massage technique. There are a number of restrictions due to the active effect on the skin.

Thus, Jacquet massage is contraindicated in the following cases:

• if there are skin lesions in the affected area;
• for neuralgia, inflammation of the trigeminal nerve;
• in case of infectious processes and the presence of foci of inflammation on the skin;
• with rosacea;
• with severe hypertension;
• for eczema, chronic dermatoses and allergies;
• with increased pain sensitivity.

Technique: description and diagram

Before starting the procedure, you must remove makeup and cleanse the skin. The massage therapist must thoroughly treat his hands with antiseptic.

The duration of the session is up to 15 minutes, and for thin skin - only 5–7 minutes. The course usually consists of 10–15 sessions, which are repeated every six months. The massage technique involves performing it using the index finger and thumb in three options:

1. Deep pinching (grabbing) of the skin;
2. Kneading the skin and facial muscles;
3. Pressure and vibration.

At the same time, the specialist actively kneads the tissues, avoiding the area around the eyes, which helps resolve inflammation. Pinching is carried out actively, without the use of massage creams, which will interfere with proper grip. Very often, talc is used when massage Jacquet. The movements take place strictly along the massage lines of the face:

During the massage, the skin is exposed along massage lines

1. Massage movements begin from the neck. The skin is kneaded with active movements, moving from the neckline to the chin, and then from the ears down to the shoulders. The head should be tilted back as much as possible. Impact on this area will reduce skin sagging.
2. The chin area is massaged with the most intense movements from the center of the chin to the earlobes, passing along the lower jaw. These effects will help remove the double chin and correct the shape of the face.
3. The areas from the corners of the mouth to the earlobes are subjected to moderate pinching, which reduces the depth of the nasolabial folds.
4. Working on the skin from the middle of the nose towards the ears will return a healthy glow. Much attention is paid to warming up and kneading the muscles for a tightening effect.
5. In the area around the eyes, pinches are not used; the skin is massaged lightly. The skin under the eyebrow is affected, moving from the inner corner of the eye to the outer. Under the eyes, massage in the direction from the temple to the bridge of the nose.
6. The area from the center of the forehead to the sides is massaged with vibration and kneading. This will help smooth out facial wrinkles.

Video: How to do it in the salon

Massage, as a rule, is carried out in the affected area and symmetrically to the lesion, in case of swelling and severe pain - above the affected area. The massage course is divided into three parts: 1) introductory – 1 – 3 procedures, which are carried out to determine the body’s reaction to massage; 2) main – up to 20 procedures, which are carried out taking into account the physiological state of the person being massaged and the characteristics of his disease; 3) final – 1 – 2 procedures.

Typically, a massage course consists of 5–25 procedures, the number of which depends on the severity of the disease and the condition of the person being massaged. Between courses you can take breaks from 10 days to 2 - 3 months. The number of procedures and the duration of the break between them are selected individually.

The massage procedure consists of three stages: 1) introductory – 1 – 3 minutes, during which the patient is prepared for the main part using gentle techniques; 2) main – 5 – 20 minutes; 3) final – 1 – 3 minutes, during which the intensity of exposure is reduced, normalizing body functions, and breathing exercises are performed.

The session duration ranges from 3 minutes to an hour. Frequency of procedures: daily or every other day, sometimes 2 – 3 times a week in combination with other types of complex treatment. Sometimes, in addition to massage performed by a specialist, it is necessary to repeat the massage at home several times a day, as, for example, with congenital torticollis in children.

Classic massage techniques

Currently, there are 4 main massage techniques:

1) stroking;

2) rubbing;

3) kneading;

4) vibration.

The choice of massage techniques is related to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the body area being massaged, the patient’s condition, his age, gender, nature and stage of the disease. When performing a massage, several techniques are usually used, alternating them with each other and combining them with auxiliary ones.

Before mastering massage techniques, it is necessary to determine the working zones of the hands. There are two areas on the palmar surface of the hand: the base of the palm and the palmar surface of the fingers with two elevations (I and IV fingers). Each finger (except I) has 3 phalanges: nail, middle and main. In addition to them, the ulnar and radial edges of the hand are used in massage.

Some classical massage techniques are performed using the back of the hand (fingers bent at right angles or the ridges of the fingers bent into a fist).

Stroking

Any massage begins with stroking. Stroking is performed after each other massage technique. They finish the procedure.

Stroking is a technique when the massage therapist’s hand glides over the skin of the massaged area without moving it into folds or stretching it. Stroking can occur with varying degrees of pressure, and therefore a distinction is made between superficial and deep stroking.

Types of stroking: planar and grasping.

Planar is divided into separate-sequential, stroking with weights, rake-like, ironing, comb-like.

The grasping stroke can be forceps-shaped or cross-shaped.

Stroking affects metabolic processes, increases muscle tone, increases blood circulation in the skin, facilitates the outflow of lymph and blood, which helps reduce swelling; increases the rate of removal of metabolic products from the body.

Depending on the method, technique and duration, stroking can have both a calming and stimulating effect on the central nervous system. It can relieve pain and also reduce muscle tone. Under the influence of such stroking, breathing becomes calm and deep.

The calming effect of stroking is clearly manifested in patients with neurasthenia. During manipulation, they experience a state of drowsiness. Energetic, rapid stroking excites the nervous system, enhances muscle contractility, and increases muscle tone.

Fast, energetic stroking should not be used in cases of severe cardiovascular insufficiency. It is not suitable for patients with high hypertension or during an exacerbation. However, it is an effective technique for treating patients with low blood pressure.

The basic rule for performing a massage is to relax the muscles as much as possible.

Stroking can be an independent technique in the first procedures for bruises, sprains, and increased skin sensitivity. As a rule, superficial stroking precedes deeper stroking.

Stroking is performed slowly (24-26 movements per minute), rhythmically, softly, along the blood and lymph flow, and on the back - in both directions.

In case of circulatory problems (swelling, edema), stroking should begin from areas located above, directing movements along the lymph flow.

It is not necessary to use all stroking options during the session.

On the flexor surface of the limb, the techniques are carried out more deeply.

You should not apply too much pressure while performing the technique, as this can cause discomfort and pain in the person being massaged. A loose fit of the palm and spread fingers lead to uneven impact, and too fast a pace and abrupt execution of the technique lead to displacement of the skin.

With superficial planar stroking, the massage therapist’s palms glide over the skin being massaged, barely touching it. Some patients find this annoying, in which case it is better to use deep stroking.

Stroking on small areas of the body is performed with the pad of the thumb or the pads of the II-V fingers. Large surfaces of the body are stroked with the base of the palm, fist, palmar and back of the hand.

Planar surface stroking is performed with the entire palm, one or both hands. It is used on any part of the body. Movements are made in different directions (longitudinal, transverse, circular, spiral).

Separate and sequential stroking is carried out with the palms of both hands. In this case, one palm moves after the other. The technique can be performed with different pressure levels. It is performed on the back, forearm, shoulder, thigh, lower leg, and on the front surface of the chest.

Stroking with weights is used to massage large muscles: back, lower leg, buttocks. When using it, one hand is placed on top of the other to increase the depth of impact. The speed of movement should be slow.

Rake-like stroking is performed with the pads of straightened and widely spaced fingers. The brush moves at an angle of 30-45° to the massaged surface in the direction from the massage therapist or towards the massage therapist. Sometimes the reception is performed with weights. The technique is used when it is necessary to bypass scars, moles, and varicose veins. It is used for massage of the scalp and intercostal spaces.

Ironing (Fig. 22) carried out using the back surface of the phalanges of four fingers. The fingers are straightened, and the hand is at a right angle to them. The technique is performed with one or both hands on the back, lumbosacral region, buttocks, hips, chest, soles.

Rice. 22. Ironing

Comb-like stroking is a very deep technique. When using it, you must use talc. It is performed using the main phalanges of the bent fingers. Comb-like stroking is used on large muscle groups in the back and pelvis, while the thumb of the left hand is pinched with the right hand.

Enveloping stroking is performed with a brush tightly adjacent to the massaged area.

direction from the periphery to the center, along the course of the vessels. In this case, the hand and fingers take the shape of a groove: the first finger is moved to the side as much as possible and is opposed to the remaining (II-V) closed fingers. The movement can be continuous or intermittent.

Intermittent stroking is performed on small areas of the skin and is usually used on the limbs. The movements should be rhythmic, with the hands either grasping and squeezing the limb, or releasing it.

Pincer-like stroking is one of the types of grasping stroking. It is performed with the pads of the thumb and index finger or fingers I-II and III folded in a pincer-like manner. Grasping a muscle or joint with your fingers, stroke along its entire length. This option is used for massaging small joints (fingers and toes), tendons and individual muscles (face, ears, nose).

Cross-shaped stroking is performed with the palms of both hands. In this case, the hands clasp the upper and lower limbs so that the fingers overlap each other, slightly crossing. This technique is used only on the limbs. Concentric stroking is carried out by clasping the joint with both hands. In this case, the thumbs are located on one side, and the rest are on the other. Circular stroking movements are applied to the main lymph nodes in the direction of the lymph flow. Concentric stroking is used to massage the joints, limbs, muscles of the shoulder girdle and neck.

Trituration

When performing rubbing, the massage therapist’s hand moves the skin and underlying tissues.

Rubbing can be superficial and deep, continuous and intermittent.

Types of rubbing: alternating, sawing, planing, hatching, comb-shaped, spiral-shaped, tong-shaped.

Rubbing improves tissue mobility, helps stretch scars and adhesions, loosen and crush pathological deposits, improves blood circulation, and increases muscle contractile function. Thanks to rubbing, the processes of eliminating pathological effusions and hemorrhages in tissues and joints are accelerated, the tissues are warmed, and pain relief occurs. Rubbing significantly reduces nervous excitability. It is widely used for neuritis, neuralgia, radiculitis.

Basic guidelines when performing rubbing:

Rubbing, like stroking, is most effective when the muscles of the person being massaged are maximally relaxed.

Rubbing is carried out before kneading. It also alternates with stroking and other techniques. Rubbing speed: 60 – 100 movements per minute.

To enhance the impact, it is necessary to increase the angle between the fingers and the massaged surface or carry out the technique with weights.

Rubbing is carried out along the blood and lymphatic vessels, and the back muscles are rubbed from the lumbosacral region to the cervical region and from the lower corners of the shoulder blades to the lower back.

Movements during rubbing can be made in all directions, while the force of pressure of the massage therapist’s hand should always be the same. The slower the massage therapist's hands move, the more significant the rubbing effect will be.

Unnecessarily, when rubbing, you should not linger on one area for more than 8–10 seconds.

The pressure force is increased in areas covered with a thick layer of soft tissue, dense fascia, and reduced in areas with a thin layer of soft tissue and in painful areas.

When rubbing, your fingers should move the skin, not slide over it. The technique is performed with straight fingers. When rubbing with bent fingers, the patient may experience discomfort.

Rubbing is carried out with the palmar surface of the hand, the tubercles of the thumbs, the pads of the index, middle and II-V fingers, the base of the palm, fists, the ulnar edge of the hand, the bony protrusions of the phalanges of the fingers bent into a fist. The technique is usually performed with two hands, which move in mutually opposite directions. The movements can be longitudinal, transverse, circular, zigzag or spiral.

When rubbing with your palms, the hand is pressed tightly to the surface being massaged, the 4 fingers of the hand are closed, and the thumb is moved to the side. Use your fingertips to rub your back, buttocks, joints, intercostal spaces, back of the foot and hand, and Achilles tendon. To carry out the technique, the thumb is pressed against the index finger, and the pads of the II-V fingers are pressed against the massaged surface, then the skin and subcutaneous tissue are displaced. You can have a deeper effect on the tissues if you perform a technique with weights. The back, shoulders and hips can be rubbed with the elbow edge of the hand, which is pressed tightly to the massaged surface. Movements can be straight or circular.

Rubbing with fists is performed on large groups of muscles of the back, thighs, buttocks, etc. It is carried out with fingers clenched into a fist on the side of the fingers or on the side of the little finger.

Heel of the palm (Fig. 23) used when rubbing the muscles of the back, joints, hips, and anterior tibial muscles. At the same time, it is pressed tightly against the massaged surface and pressure is applied, displacing the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Rice. 23. Rubbing with the heel of the palm

Alternate rubbing is performed with the palms of both hands, which move simultaneously in opposite directions. This technique is used on the back, upper arms, chest, abdomen, lumbosacral region, buttocks, and limbs. In the forehead area, alternate rubbing is performed with the pads of the index and middle fingers.

Straight-line rubbing is carried out with the end phalanges of one or several fingers when massaging small muscle groups in the area of ​​joints, hands, feet, main nerve trunks, and face.

Circular rubbing is carried out by resting on the first finger or the base of the palm and performing a circular displacement of the skin with the end phalanges of the fingers. Circular rubbing is also carried out with the back of bent fingers or individual fingers. You can use weights. The technique is performed when massaging the back, chest, abdomen, and limbs.

Spiral rubbing is used in the same cases as circular rubbing. It is carried out with the base of the palm or the ulnar edge of the hand bent into a fist. If necessary, use weights on one hand with the other. The technique can be performed with one or both hands alternately.

Spiral rubbing with the thumb is done on joints, tendons, along the spine along paravertebral lines along the nerve trunks.

Spiral rubbing with the middle finger is used to massage the intercostal spaces, at the exit points of nerves, and at painful points.

Rice. 24. Sawing

Sawing (Fig. 24) performed with both hands, the ulnar edge of the hand and sometimes the forearms. Hands move in opposite directions to each other. This technique can be performed with one hand. When performing sawing, the palms stand vertically in relation to the surface being massaged, at a distance of 1 - 3 cm from each other. A roll of massaged tissue should form between the palms. Sawing is used on the back of the neck, shoulder girdle, back, chest, abdomen, lumbosacral region, buttocks, limbs, large joints, and cervical region.

Planing is usually performed with one hand, with the elbow edge of the hand placed vertically, as when sawing, but in contrast, the massage therapist’s hand makes short, quick, jerky movements, like a carpenter using a plane. The technique is used on the back, pelvic area, and occasionally on the hips. Planing is performed for extensive scars and skin diseases, when it is necessary to avoid exposure to the affected areas; for muscle atrophy and for the purpose of their stimulation.

Shading resembles planing, but is performed with the pad of one or more fingers, straightened and placed at an angle of 30-35° to the surface being massaged. The fingers move back or forth in short strokes. Tissues are displaced both longitudinally and transversely. It is recommended to use it where there are scars and adhesions of the skin to the underlying tissues, as well as for muscle atrophy, skin diseases and flaccid paralysis.

Comb-like rubbing is performed in the same way as comb-like stroking, but the fist makes not straight-line, but spiral and translational movements along the massaged area. Apply on the back, buttocks, and occasionally on the thighs.

Pincer-like rubbing resembles pincer-like stroking, but the fingers do not make a straight sliding movement, but move the tissue in a stable circle. The technique is used to massage the hands, elbow joints, and occasionally on the Achilles tendon, heel bone and shoulder joint.

Kneading

There is an expression: “He who knows how to knead, knows how to massage.” Kneading is the most important massage technique. It consists in the fact that the massaged surface is first fixed, then squeezed and kneaded. In this case, the tissues are grabbed, lifted, pulled, squeezed, squeezed and released.

Kneading can be superficial and deep, continuous and intermittent.

Kneading is a kind of passive gymnastics for muscles. This technique allows you to increase the elasticity of muscle tissue, enhance blood and lymph circulation, improve tissue trophism, metabolism, relieve muscle fatigue and increase their tone, performance and contractile functions. Kneading is recommended for functional muscle deficiency, especially for muscle hypotonia. It enhances and accelerates recovery processes for injuries.

– when kneading, the massaged muscles should be as relaxed as possible, comfortable and well fixed;

– the technique is performed energetically, but gently, without jerking, so as not to cause pain. In this case, 50-60 movements are performed in 1 minute;

– kneading is performed in an upward direction along the muscle fibers or in the transverse and longitudinal directions, without jumping from one area to another, taking into account the pathological state of the tissues;

– during the first two or three procedures, superficial kneading is used to allow the tissues to adapt, then the intensity is increased. This especially applies to the muscles of the inner surface of the shoulder and thigh;

– kneading begins from the junction of the muscle into the tendon. The brushes are placed on the surface to be massaged, taking into account its configuration;

– the therapeutic effect of kneading is greater, the slower it is carried out;

– during kneading, pain should not intensify, reflex muscle tension should not occur;

– you should not bend your fingers at the interphalangeal joints in the first phase of the technique (fixation); slide your fingers over the skin, especially when squeezing the muscle in the second phase; press firmly with the end phalanges of the fingers; massage with a tense hand; simultaneously work with your hands during longitudinal kneading in the third phase (crushing), so as not to cause pain in the person being massaged;

– kneading has a pronounced suction effect. This effect increases when kneading is combined with deep stroking.

Kneading is done with one hand or two.

In the first case, it is more often used to massage the limbs and back and is performed in two ways: 1) the massaged muscle is tightly grasped with the palm of the hand, with the thumb on one side of the muscle and all the rest on the other; then they lift it, squeezing it between the fingers, and make forward movements; 2) the muscle is kneaded between the fingers, pressing on it on one side with the thumb, and on the other with all the others, moving along its entire length.

Kneading with two hands (double and circular) is performed in the transverse and lobar directions. In this way, the limbs, pelvis, back and sides of the neck are kneaded.

Intermittent kneading is carried out in the longitudinal or transverse direction with one or two hands, which do not move evenly, but intermittently.

Longitudinal kneading is performed along the muscle fibers, along the muscle axis. There are 2 phases of reception (Fig. 25): 1) straightened fingers are positioned so that the thumbs of both hands are on the front surface of the massaged area, and the remaining fingers are located on the sides of the massaged segment; 2) hands move over the massaged area. The technique is performed only on the limbs.

Rice. 25. Kneading phases: a – muscle grip, b – movement of hands and fingers during massage

Transverse kneading is used to massage the back, pelvic area, cervical region, limbs, etc. When performing the technique in the transverse direction, the hands are placed across the muscle fibers at a distance equal to the width of the palm. Hand movements can be directed in one direction or in the opposite direction. The technique can be performed with weights.

When massaging the limbs, hips, and shoulders, felting is most often used. (Fig. 26)– the most gentle way of kneading. When performing the technique, jelly-shaped palms are grasped on both sides of the muscle shaft. The fingers are straightened, tightly pressed together, the hands are parallel. Movements are made in opposite directions with movement over the massaged area, the muscle is rolled between the palms like a cutlet.

Rice. 26. Felting

Rice. 27. Rolling

Rolling (Fig. 27) used for massage of the abdomen, chest and sides of the back. In this case, the massage therapist’s fingers are folded into a fist, which is placed flat on the massaged area, and the hand of the other hand grabs the tissue in front of the fist in an oval-circular motion and rolls them onto it. The hand with a clenched fist moves forward evenly with a sliding movement, without jolts. You can roll on individual fingers.

Rice. 28. Shift

shift (Fig. 28) used for scars on tissues, in the treatment of skin diseases, adhesions, paresis of the face and other parts of the body. To do this, fix the massaged surface, then move the tissues towards each other with rhythmic movements. The technique is performed with two hands, two or more fingers.

Rice. 29. Stretching

Stretching (Fig. 29) It is performed with the thumbs, which are placed opposite each other on the massaged area and smoothly stretch the muscles. The technique is most often used for adhesions, scars, and muscle tightness.

Pressure warms up the area of ​​the back, buttocks, paraverbal lines, exit points of nerve nodes (biologically active points), facial muscles (facial nerve paresis, skin withering, etc.). The technique is carried out intermittently with the ends of the index and thumb (or fingers II-V), a fist, the base of the palm, or possibly with weights.

Forceps kneading is used to massage the long muscles of the back, forearm, tibial muscles, face, neck, and chest. The technique is performed with the thumb and other fingers, which take the form of forceps. The muscle is grabbed, pulled upward and then kneaded between the fingers. The technique is performed with fingers I-II or I-III (pinching on the face).

Kneading with the base of the palm is performed on the back muscles, thighs, anterior tibial muscles, and large joints. When performing the technique, the base of the palm is pressed tightly against the massaged surface and pressure is applied to the tissue in various directions.

Rice. 30. Squeeze with the edge of the palm

Squeezing is performed with the edge of the palm (Fig. 30), as well as the tubercle of the thumb or its pad in a straight line, with great pressure on the muscles being massaged; for this, the thumb is pressed with the base of the other palm or fingers II-V.

Vibration

Manual vibration involves transmitting oscillatory movements of varying strength and frequency to the massaged tissues. Vibration can be performed on the palmar surface, the terminal phalanx of one finger, I and II (or II, III and IV) fingers, thumb and other fingers, palm and fist.

Vibration stimulates the neuromuscular system; improves blood and lymph circulation, nutrition and tissue regeneration, metabolism; improves vascular tone; expands or narrows the lumen of blood vessels, lowering or increasing blood pressure, improves muscle tone.

The duration of performing striking techniques in one area should be no more than 10 seconds. Vibration must be alternated with stroking.

Intermittent vibration is not performed on the inner thighs, in the popliteal region, in the projection areas of the internal organs (kidneys, heart), especially in elderly patients. Do not perform intermittent vibration on tense muscle groups.

Vibration can be intermittent or continuous.

Continuous vibration is used in the larynx, back, pelvis, on the muscles of the thigh, lower leg, shoulder, forearm, along the most important nerve trunks, at the exit points of nerve nodes (biologically active points and zones). With this method of vibration, the massage therapist’s hand does not leave the massaged area.

Rice. 31. Concussion

Shake (Fig. 31) often performed with one hand. In this case, the massaging hand comes into contact with the massaged surface with the radial edge of the index finger and the ulnar edge of the thumb, widely spaced from each other. The massage therapist's hand makes a sliding translational movement along the massaged area, quickly moves from side to side, without leaving the massaged surface. Concussion is used on the back, pectoralis major muscle, abdomen and limbs.

Pushing is performed with the pads of four fingers placed at an angle of 45° to the surface being massaged. The massage therapist's hand makes oscillatory, springy movements from top to bottom. The hand does not leave the massaged surface, sliding back or forward. The area of ​​the stomach, small and large intestines is massaged by pushing.

Rice. 32. Shaking

Shaking on limbs (Fig. 32) performed as follows: the massage therapist takes the patient’s hand by the hand and fingers, and the leg at the ankle joint with both hands and makes oscillatory movements. The limb should be completely relaxed. Shaking in the abdominal area is carried out as follows: the massage therapist places the fingers of both hands between the lower ribs and iliac crests and makes oscillatory movements with all fingers, bending them only at the metacarpophalangeal joints. The shocks are directed from bottom to top.

Intermittent vibration (shock) is used to massage the limbs, back, chest, pelvis, abdomen, facial and head muscles. It is characterized by a non-rhythmic effect on the massaged area.

Performing the technique involves delivering frequent strikes with the tips of bent fingers, the edge of the palm, the back of slightly outstretched fingers, the palm with bent or clenched fingers, and the hand clenched into a fist. The movements can be performed with one or two hands alternately.

Pat (Fig. 33) performed with a bent hand with tightly clenched fingers. Movement occurs mainly in the wrist joint. The technique is used on the cheeks, back, chest, abdomen, buttocks, thighs and other areas.

Tapping is done in the same way, but the fingers are loosely clenched into a fist. The technique is not performed on the stomach.

Rice. 33. Patting

Chopping (Fig. 34) carried out with the edge of a vertically placed hand, usually with both hands. The striking surface is the ulnar edge of the little finger. The technique is not performed on the face. Puncturing is done with the pads or tips of several fingers, and in small areas - with the end or pad of one finger. The hand also moves at the wrist joint, producing a series of rapid blows. Puncture is used where the nerve exits to the surface.

Rice. 34. Chopping

Quilting (Fig. 35)- a rare technique. It is performed with the fingers of both hands. Sliding blows are applied at an acute angle to the massaged surface. Apply on the back, stomach, thighs.

Rice. 35. Quilting

Indications for the purpose of massage: inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system, bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, emphysema, pneumosclerosis, residual effects of pleurisy, bronchiectasis (before the period of tissue decay), respiratory failure.

Contraindications to massage can be general, as with any type of massage, and private, for specific conditions and diseases of the respiratory system: streaks of blood in the sputum, the stage of tissue decay of bronchiectasis, an active form of tuberculosis.

Objectives of massage:

Restore impaired functions of organs and systems, in particular external respiration;

Strengthen the muscular frame of the chest;

Improve fascial mobility;

Increase the overall tone of the body.

For respiratory diseases, you can limit yourself to using classic therapeutic massage. But experienced massage therapists use all possible techniques and methods of manual manipulation in their work, combining them with physical exercises and breathing exercises. The final result depends only on the professionalism of the massage therapist.

* At any disease, there is a disruption in the functions of individual organs and entire systems . Therefore, when drawing up a massage plan, it is necessary to take into account the degree of restrictions or impairments, which is ultimately determined , disease clinic. Knowledge of the clinic is the key to the effectiveness of the massage technique.

In this chapter, at the beginning of each section, a clinic of some diseases that are often encountered in the practice of a massage therapist is presented.

Any respiratory disease or respiratory dysfunction is manifested by reflex changes in the skin, connective tissue, muscles and periosteum in the corresponding segment.

In this regard, any self-respecting massage therapist should have an idea of ​​possible reflex changes in various tissues in diseases of the respiratory system.

And before presenting reflex changes in diseases of the respiratory system, I would like to draw attention to a fundamentally important circumstance.

*All processes occurring in the human body cause certain changes in all organs and systems, even if there is no direct effect on a specific organ or system. That's why , illness orfunctional impairment of some kindseparate organ changesactivitythe whole body generally. And identified changes in various tissues will be the result of a reflex response of not one, but several organs and systems. In this regard, to correctly interpret the results of palpation diagnostics, the massage therapist needs knowledge of segmental innervation and, accordingly, clinical thinking.

Reflex changes for respiratory diseases.

Changes in skin:

- above the clavicleC4;

Below the collarbone D2;

In the sternum area D2-4;

Above the costal arches D8-10 on the ventral and dorsal surfaces;

Above the shoulder blades D2-3.

Changes in connective tissue:

- back of the head areaC3;

The area between the scapula and the spine D3-5;

Above the costal arches D6-9;

Paravertebral D5-9;

Below the collarbone D2;

Sternum area D2-5;

Parasternal region D3-4;

Clavicular angle C4.

Changes in muscles: splenius capitis muscle, trapezius muscle, rhomboid muscles, infraspinatus muscle, intercostal muscles, sternocleidomastoid muscle, pectoralis major and minor muscles.

Changes in periosteum: sternum, collarbone, ribs, scapula, spinous processes of the vertebrae.

Let's look at some features of various techniques massage for respiratory diseases.

The methods of classical therapeutic massage for diseases of the respiratory system, popular among practicing massage therapists (the authors of the methods are well-known specialists in Russian massage - N.A. Belaya, A.V. Kondrashev, V.I. Vasichkin, I.V. Dunaev) can be divided into two groups. Some techniques suggest starting the massage by affecting the anterolateral surface of the chest. After two or three procedures, it is expected to move to the back surface of the chest.

Other methods suggest (in particular, for pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma), first massage the dorsal surface of the chest and only then work on the ventral surface.

I propose, in my opinion, an optimal, taking into account functional impairments, and quite universal scheme classic therapeutic massage for nonspecific respiratory diseases.

1. On preparatory At the massage stage, muscles and tissues on the dorsal (back) surface of the chest and lower back are treated using kneading, rubbing, and stroking techniques.

The task of the massage therapist at the preparatory stage is to normalize the tone of the muscles of the lumbar and lower thoracic region, and the muscles in the area of ​​the shoulder blades.

It is necessary to break the old breathing pattern that is not optimal for the patient.

The duration of the preparatory stage is approximately 2-3 procedures.

2. Basic the stage involves massage of all “breathing” muscles, both main and auxiliary: intercostal and serratus muscles, scalene muscles, trapezius muscle, latissimus muscle, all back muscles, pectoral muscles, abdominal muscles.

The task of the massage therapist at the second stage is to maximally equalize the tone of the so-called inhalation and exhalation muscles, and create a new, optimal breathing pattern for the patient.

Number of procedures – 6-7.

3. On final At this stage, the pectoral muscles are massaged again and the intercostal spaces are treated. The massage therapist’s task is to maintain and consolidate the optimal breathing pattern. The number of procedures is at least two.

The technique is based on the principle of thoroughly working out all the muscles involved in the act of breathing.

The duration of one procedure is 20-25 minutes, the number of procedures is 10-12 per course. Combination with physiotherapy and breathing exercises increases the effectiveness of massage.

But the most effective for respiratory diseases, in my opinion, is the principle of sequential elimination reflex changes in muscles, fascia and periosteum using various massage techniques - classical therapeutic massage techniques, special segmental massage techniques, connective tissue and periosteal massage techniques.

The choice of techniques depends on the specific type of reflex changes in tissues.

As the name of the methodology suggests, the main task is to achieve stabilization a certain state. That is, the main task is not to create a completely new, “correct” breathing pattern, but to correct and stabilization albeit a broken, but optimal stereotype for the patient.

The myofascial stabilization technique includes fascial (connective tissue) massage techniques, classical and special techniques for influencing changes in connective tissue and muscles.

The methodology is based on the principle "tree".

First of all, changes are eliminated on the dorsal surface, in the sacrum and lower back (“base of the trunk”). If necessary, pelvic correction is performed.

The buttock area and the back and side of the thighs are treated (“roots”).

Then the paravertebral, central areas are processed ("trunk").

From the center they gradually move to the lateral surfaces and to the belt of the upper limbs (“ branches"). Fixed upper ribs are released, if necessary (the block of the first rib is most common).

Restore the mobility of connective tissue (by any acceptable technique - according to Dicke or Still), while simultaneously influencing changes in the muscles (local hypertonicity, myofascial trigger point or zone). You can use classical massage techniques or special myofascial release techniques on the muscles.

As the mobility of myofascial structures on the dorsal surface improves, they move to the ventral surface.

Myofascial stabilization technique optimally solves the problem of impaired breathing patterns, especially in combination with periosteal (scleromeric) massage and breathing exercises.

The duration of one procedure depends on the reactivity of the body, the clinical picture of the disease, the age and gender of the patient, but should not exceed 40-45 minutes.

Accordingly, the first procedures are short, and as tissue mobility is restored, longer manipulations are possible.

*During the sanogenesis reaction, the massage is not stopped, but the effect should be gentle and adequate to the patient’s condition. It is possible to increase the interval between procedures to 3-4 days.

*The total number of procedures should be optimal, taking into account the reflex response, habituation, and the level of normalization of external respiration function.

Approximately 12 to 18 procedures are performed per massage course. If necessary, repeat the course after 1.5-2 months.

Methodology intensive massageasymmetric zones(IMAZ) according to O.F. Kuznetsov and T.S. Lagutina (1979).

The IMAZ technique is based on the fact that patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases have fragmented deformation of the chest in the form of areas of hypertrophy of muscles and other tissues.

These zones of hypertrophy with a slight volumetric increase in the chest are asymmetrical and located diagonally.

O.F. Kuznetsov and T.S. Lagutina proposed to influence these zones with intensive rubbing and kneading techniques in a certain sequence.

IMAZ of the chest is performed in two versions.

At first option start with a massage of the lower half of the chest right (lower quadrant region 6-10 ribs) and upper quadrant on the left.

The second option is to massage the lower quadrant on the left and the upper quadrant on the right.

Massage front walls

The patient lies on his back, head on a pillow, hands slightly bent under the buttocks. The massage therapist is positioned facing the patient.

Massage of the lower half of the chest

1.Massage of the oblique muscle, hypochondrium, costal arch of the lower 4-5 ribs by rubbing and sawing.

2.Vibration, chopping, quilting.

3.Rub with the palm in a circular manner with a weighted brush in a clockwise direction.

4. Quilting.

5.Rub with the palm in a circular motion with a weighted brush counterclockwise.

6. Quilting.

7.Longitudinal rubbing with the palm from bottom to top and back.

8.Chopping.

9.Kneading - moving in the transverse direction. Particular attention is paid to the hypochondrium and costal arch.

10.Pause, transition to the upper zone.

Upper chest massage

1. Sawing in the transverse direction from the 8th rib, bypassing the mammary gland, supraclavicular and subclavian areas - rubbing with one hand, the other holding the skin to avoid stretching.

2.Chopping.

3. Longitudinal rubbing with the pads of the fingers and the ulnar side of the hand of the sternum and chest from the xiphoid process to the neck, shoulder joint and back.

4.Chopping.

5.Shift in the transverse direction.

6.Pause, transition to the lower zone.

Massage of the lower half of the chest (continued)

11.Sawing in the transverse direction.

12.Chopping.

13.Kneading (crossing, rolling the area of ​​the oblique muscle).

14. Quilting.

15.Deep linear and circular rubbing (rake-like) of the lower 4-5 intercostal spaces.

16. Quilting.

17. Transition to the upper half of the chest.

Upper chest massage (continued)

7.Sawing.

8.Chopping.

9.Deep semicircular and circular rubbing of parasternal points with 2-3 fingers.

10.Deep linear rubbing of the intercostal spaces.

11.S-shaped kneading of the pectoralis major muscle.

12.Chopping.

*The pause can be earlier or later, the criterion is slightly moisturized skin of the massaged area, and continuing the massage may cause scarification - this is a contraindication to massage.

Massage rear walls

Lower back massage

1. Sawing in the transverse direction.

2.Chopping.

3. Sawing in the longitudinal direction.

4.Chopping and quilting.

5.Circular and semicircular rubbing with the palmar surface in a clockwise direction.

6.Chopping.

7.Circular and semicircular rubbing with the palmar surface counterclockwise.

8. Quilting.

9. Shift in the transverse direction from the spine and towards it.

10.Chopping.

11.Shift in the longitudinal direction.

12. Quilting.

13.Pause, move to the upper half.

Upper back massage

1. Sawing in all directions (transverse, longitudinal, oblique).

2.Chopping.

3. Rubbing with your palm in a clockwise direction.

4.Chopping.

5.Shift in transverse and longitudinal directions.

6.Chopping.

7.Pause the transition to massage the lower half.

Lower back massage (continued)

14. Sawing in transverse and longitudinal directions.

15.Chopping.

16.Deep rubbing of paravertebral points and intercostal spaces.

17. Pushing back and pushing back the long muscles of the back.

18. Quilting.

19.S-shaped kneading in the longitudinal direction.

20.Chopping.

21.S-shaped kneading in the transverse direction.

22.Chopping.

23.Deep rubbing, kneading and vibration of locally painful points of the massaged area.

24. Quilting.

25.Longitudinal intermittent rubbing from top to bottom with a weighted brush.

Upper back massage (continued)

8. Sawing in transverse, oblique and longitudinal directions.

9.Deep linear and semicircular rubbing of paravertebral points and intercostal spaces.

10. Quilting.

11. Kneading the muscles of the interscapular region - moving and moving the long back muscles.

12.Circular deep rubbing-pressure of the interscapular area and the angle of the scapula with the pads of closed 2-4 fingers of both hands.

13.Chopping.

14.S-shaped kneading of the trapezius muscle of the ascending and descending bundles.

* The procedure ends with light rubbing and patting of the entire back.

S-shaped kneading in segmental massage is equivalent to double ring kneading in classical massage.

The duration of the procedure is 30-40 minutes. Per course – 3-5 IMAZ procedures with an interval of 3-5 days.

Efficiency needs to be emphasized connective tissue (fascial) massage for organ diseases breathing.

I will not dwell on a detailed description of the special methods of connective tissue massage according to Dicke - this is quite clearly described in the textbook by I.L. Tripolskaya.

It is necessary to note some features of STM when bronchial asthma. With this disease, the tone of the autonomic nervous system is disturbed, and many areas of reflexively altered connective tissue are revealed. The mobility of tissues over the entire surface of the body is sharply limited.

In patients with bronchial asthma, the connective tissue zone between the spine and the 12th rib is usually always pronounced - the “breathing angle”, and in sick children the “diaphragmatic ring” is also pronounced - retraction of the connective tissue in the upper abdomen. These changes take a long time to develop, so such patients require effective correction of the respiratory pattern. Perhaps that is why I.L. Tripolskaya suggests using many long, stabilizing movements (wavy, “milky stroke”, “sailor suit”, iliotibial tract).

* Sanogenesis in bronchial asthma is always pronounced, manifesting itself as prolonged bronchospasm or as an acute respiratory disease. Patients must be warned about this in advance.

The STM procedure is long, up to 60 minutes. The course consists of 10 to 20 procedures, repeat after 1-2 months.

* The effectiveness of massage will increase if it is combined with breathing exercises or work on a breathing simulator.

* All techniques proposed in this manual must first be thoroughly worked out in practical classes under the supervision of a teacher.

Massage is one of the methods of treatment and prevention, which is a set of techniques of mechanical influence on various parts of the human body, produced by hands or special devices that are used in many fields of medicine. The word “massage” itself came to us from France and comes from the verb maser - “to rub.” The French, in turn, borrowed it from the Arabs.

In Arabic, mass means “to touch.” However, some researchers believe that the origin of this word is possible from the Greek masso - “to squeeze with the hands” or the Latin massa - “sticking to the hands.” The number of hypotheses and the antiquity of the languages ​​from which the word originates indicate that massage has been known for at least more than one millennium and has been widely used by different peoples of the world.

In addition to linguistic ones, there are written sources that confirm the antiquity of massage. Papyri, alabaster bas-reliefs with images of massage manipulations, inscriptions on the pyramids indicate that the Egyptians were well acquainted with massage.

While excavating the tomb of an Egyptian commander, archaeologists discovered papyrus depicting basic massage techniques. Judging by the surviving images, in Egypt massage was combined with a bath. This process went approximately as follows. First, the person was steamed, and then stretched, kneaded, and all joints were kneaded. Initially massaged from the front, then from the back and sides. The limbs were massaged separately.

The ancient Greeks also did not fail to take advantage of such a valuable invention that came to them from Egypt. Descriptions of massage techniques are found in Homer's Odyssey. He depicted in detail the process of rubbing and anointing the body of Odysseus by Circe. Many famous Greek doctors - such as Hippocrates and Herodikos - were fans of massage and described massage techniques in detail in their works. In Greece, the birthplace of the Olympic Games, massage was combined not only with a bath, but also with physical exercise. It was used not only for treatment, but also in sports, it was introduced in school and in the army. There were even salons created where they cared for the skin of the face and hands with the help of hygienic and cosmetic massage.

In Rome, massage schools were founded by the Greek physician Asklepiades and his students. Asclepiades divided massage into dry and with oils; Celsus proposed rubbing to remove deposits and relieve swelling, and Galen identified nine types of massage and described their methods in detail.

Roman baths (baths) were a favorite vacation spot for the population. In them, the Romans performed gymnastic exercises before the massage, and after it the slaves anointed their bodies with aromatic oils. Massage has become an integral part of military physical education.

The school of massage in Turkey and Persia was significantly different from the Greek and Roman ones. The massage was carried out in bathhouses, in a dry, heated room, where specialists, working with their hands and feet, rubbed, pressed, and rubbed the tissues with their fingers, paying special attention to rubbing and movements in the joints.

In Ancient India and China, massage was performed by priests, and even special schools for massage were created.

The Indians were the first to begin massage in a steam bath. To do this, they heated iron plates and poured water on them, which, evaporating, steamed the patient’s skin. He was then laid on the floor, and two specialists simultaneously massaged first the limbs, and then the abdomen, chest and back.

In Ancient China, the healing properties of massage were known three thousand years BC. It was used to treat dislocations, rheumatism, relieve fatigue, etc. In this country, the foundations of preventive medicine were laid in ancient times. In almost all provinces, medical gymnastics schools were created, in which doctors were trained who were fluent in the techniques of massage and therapeutic gymnastics.

Massage was used to treat diseases not only in eastern countries. The inhabitants of Africa and pre-Columbian America knew the simplest massage techniques. In Assyria, Persia, Nubia, Abyssinia and Libya, massage was known more than a thousand years before the birth of Christ.

In Finland, massage has been known for so long that it is even mentioned in the Kalevala. Finnish baths and massage, which have become popular all over the world, have become a folk tradition among the Finns. Even in the army, every military unit has a staff of massage therapists. This is only available in Japan.

In Ancient Rus', the bathhouse was a national tradition from time immemorial. A steam room with a broom can be considered a type of massage, and swimming in an ice hole in winter after a bath can be considered hardening. Among the ancient Slavs, the procedure of rubbing and patting with a broom even had its own name - “tailing”.

From the East, the art of massage penetrated into Europe, but in the Middle Ages, under the watchful eye of the Holy Inquisition, it did not receive proper distribution. It was only during the Renaissance, in the 14th–15th centuries, that Europeans began to show interest in massage and therapeutic exercises, after the appearance of works on the anatomy of Mondi de Ciucci. The flourishing of science during the Renaissance gave the world a galaxy of talented scientists. The Belgian anatomist Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) described many human organs and is rightfully considered the founder of anatomy, and the English physician William Harvey (1578–1657) made a huge contribution to physiology by describing the human circulatory system. Merculius wrote the essay “The Art of Gymnastics,” summarizing all previously known works on massage and gymnastics. In his work, he described three types of rubbing and provided the publication with illustrations and detailed methodological instructions.

Massage began to develop rapidly after the publication of Giovanni Borelli’s work “Animal Movement”, in which he showed the physiological way of studying movement. Following him, Fuller, in his book “Medical Gymnastics,” made an attempt to explain the physiological effect of massage on the human body.

The German scientist Hoffmann wrote a voluminous work, consisting of nine volumes, in which he promoted massage and its methods. And finally, in 1780, the French clinician Clement Joseph Tissot published an essay entitled “Medical and Surgical Gymnastics,” in which he provided numerous data on the effect of massage used in surgery and gymnastics, and outlined the methodology for performing techniques. He wrote: “If every morning, lying in bed on your back and raising your legs slightly bent at the knees, you rub your stomach and abdomen with a piece of flannel, then this increases the peristaltic movement in all the intestines of the abdominal cavity... If you rub the whole body, then they promote evaporation and blood circulation. The ancients, who knew all the benefits of rubbing, used it not only as a medical remedy, but it was, so to speak, their daily means of maintaining health.”

However, residents of European countries showed a truly deep interest in massage at the beginning of the 19th century, after the publication of the works of Peter Heinrich Linge (1776–1839). His technique, combining elements of gymnastics and massage, is called the Swedish system. Linge, who was injured in the shoulder joint and restored the function of his arm with a massage, became its ardent supporter and promoter. He attached great importance to massage in the system of medical gymnastics, considered it an effective remedy in the fight against fatigue and emphasized its therapeutic effect in restoring motor functions after injuries, as well as in surgical diseases and diseases of internal organs.

By the 19th century massage has become known and popular on all continents. In many European countries, in particular in France, Germany and England, numerous works on massage appeared, the creation of which became possible with the development of biology, anatomy and physiology. But until the 19th century. There was still no scientific basis for massage. Only in the second half of the 19th century. In Europe and Russia, the first clinical and experimental works on massage were published, which laid down the principles of scientific substantiation of the effect of massage on the human body, systematized massage techniques, developed recommendations for its implementation, and clearly specified indications and contraindications for its use.

In 1882, private associate professor of the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy I. S. Zabludovsky published a fundamental work “Materials on the effect of massage on healthy people,” which has not lost its relevance to this day.

Such outstanding Russian doctors as V. M. Bekhterev, S. P. Botkin, N. Ya. Velyaminov and many others became the promoters of massage. etc. At the end of the century, centers for training specialists in massage and gymnastics were created in Russia.

In the 20th century, massage continued to develop rapidly. The benefits of physical education have been recognized in most countries and have become a national necessity. Along with this, sports massage began to develop. Doctors continued to work on studying the effect of massage and the impact of each technique on the skin, muscles, nervous, cardiovascular, digestive and other human systems.

Since 1923, sports massage has developed in Russia, and the Department of Exercise Therapy was created at the Moscow Institute of Physical Education.

Modern massage techniques were created by such prominent Russian scientists as I. M. Sarkizov-Serazini, A. E. Shcherbak, A. F. Verbov, I. V. Zabludovsky, etc. Sports massage techniques that have appeared in recent years, developed by a candidate of medical sciences V.I. Dubrovsky, have found wide application not only in our country, but also abroad.

Today, interest in massage has increased significantly. A huge theoretical base and new achievements in this area have made it possible to open numerous schools in various areas of massage.

As mentioned above, massage is a functional method of preventing and treating injuries and diseases, which is nothing more than a set of techniques of mechanical influence (friction, pressure, vibration, etc.) on the surface of the human body, both with hands and with the help of special devices. Its use helps eliminate pain, swelling, adhesions, normalizes joint functions, accelerates tissue regeneration processes, and has a healing and tonic effect on the entire body.

Depending on the purpose of using massage and the methods of influencing the body surface, there are hygienic, therapeutic, sports, segmental reflex, cosmetic, hardware massage and self-massage. Since only certain types of massage are performed for bronchial asthma (therapeutic, hygienic and self-massage), these will be discussed in this book.

Before starting a massage, you need to know the hygienic basics of massage and have skills in performing massage techniques. Of no small importance is the ability to correctly, taking into account the underlying and concomitant diseases, as well as the patient’s current condition, select massage techniques that will have the greatest effect.

Since it is not always possible to use the services of professional massage therapists, you can learn basic massage techniques on your own and successfully apply them in practice. There is a myth that a massage therapist must be very strong. This is wrong. Hands and fingers must be strong. The main burden falls on them.

The classical massage techniques offered in the book can be learned on your own. Having mastered them, you will help yourself and your loved ones.

Hygienic basics of massage

The effectiveness of massage is achieved subject to a number of conditions:

– proper preparation of the room and equipment for massage;

– technical preparedness of the massage therapist;

– correct assessment of the functional state of the person being massaged;

– accurate calculation of the duration of procedures and massage courses.

Requirements for premises and equipment

The massage is carried out in a specially equipped room with an area of ​​at least 10 m2, which must be dry, bright, well ventilated and warm (with an air temperature of at least 20 °C).

The room must have a sink with hot and cold water, soap, a closet for sheets and towels and a screen.

Massage couches can be of various designs, but they must meet certain requirements. Dimensions of the couch: width – 50–65 cm, length – 180–190 cm, and the height is selected depending on the height of the massage therapist – 70–90 cm. Massage couches differ from ordinary ones in that they have raised head and foot ends or have rollers for giving the limbs and head the correct position. A cushion with a diameter of 20 cm and a length of 50–60 cm is placed under the knees. The couch must have a leatherette covering, and when performing a massage, it must be covered with a clean sheet.

Requirements for a massage therapist

A massage therapist must have two main qualities. Firstly, he must master massage techniques and be able to choose the most effective techniques, taking into account the physiological state of the person being massaged. In addition, the massage therapist must know the anatomy, indications and contraindications for massage. And secondly, and this is no less important, a good massage therapist is a good psychologist.

Attentiveness, patience, tact, calmness, confidence in the correctness of the techniques and a trusting relationship with the patient will certainly increase the effect of the procedures.

The massage therapist's working tool is his hands. Therefore, they need to be given special attention. Hands should be washed with warm water and soap before each session. For disinfection, water is highly chlorinated, and frequent washing dries the skin, so after finishing work, you can lubricate your hands with a softening or nourishing cream. Hands should not have cracks or calluses that could damage the skin of the person being massaged, and nails should be trimmed short.

Hand glide products

When performing a massage, various means are used to better glide the hands. These can be ointments, creams, in particular baby cream, aromatic oils, petroleum jelly, etc. However, they can sometimes cause allergic reactions or irritate the skin. For example, Vaseline clogs pores, complicates skin breathing and often leads to furunculosis. Talc is most widely used, as it perfectly absorbs sweat and fat, makes the skin smooth, and is easily washed off and removed from the skin with a towel. Before use, it is calcined on the stove.

For some diseases and injuries, massage products are not used at all. They should not be used for baby massage.

Massage without lubricants has its benefits. Firstly, the sebaceous glands are cleansed and the skin pores open. Secondly, there is a rush of blood to the massaged area.

Requirements for the massaged

Before the massage, you should take a shower or wipe yourself with a wet towel, and then wipe your skin dry. Only the part of the body being massaged is exposed. If the hair is too thick, you can massage through the underwear.

Abrasions, scratches and other skin damage must be treated with iodine solution or sealed with BF-6 glue.

At the beginning of the session, in order to assess the patient’s condition, the massage therapist needs to examine the surface being massaged and palpate (feel) the muscles. First of all, you need to pay attention to skin color. Her pallor may indicate low hemoglobin levels and infectious diseases; redness – about dermatitis, erysipelas and other skin diseases; icteric coloring indicates cholecystitis and hepatitis. In these cases, massage is contraindicated. Skin rashes, swelling and hemorrhages resulting from Wergolf's disease, hemophilia, etc. are also contraindications.

Minor damage to the skin (abrasions, scratches, bruises, etc.) are not contraindications to massage.

Hardening and pain of blood vessels and veins, acute injuries and inflammatory processes in the joints, enlarged lymph nodes (most often cervical, inguinal, elbow and supraclavicular) are all contraindications for massage.

Contraindications to the use of massage

Questions related to the purpose of massage, its varieties and other procedures that should be performed require medical consultation. However, there are a number of contraindications that make it impossible to use massage.

Massage and self-massage are contraindicated in acute inflammatory processes and febrile conditions, colds and acute respiratory diseases, high temperature; tonsillitis; bleeding and blood diseases, purulent processes, furunculosis; skin diseases (infectious and fungal); gangrene; thrombosis and thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, trophic ulcers, atherosclerosis and vascular aneurysm; inflammation of the lymph nodes; active form of tuberculosis; chronic osteomyelitis; benign and malignant tumors; mental illness; pain after injury; hypertensive and hypotensive crises; heart, kidney and liver failure; bronchiectasis; rheumatism in the active phase; ulcers of the stomach and duodenum in the acute stage; uterine bleeding and acute gynecological diseases; pain of unknown nature.

It must be said that some of the contraindications to massage are temporary and are caused by an acute period of illness or exacerbation of a chronic disease.

Massage technique

Massage, as a rule, is carried out in the affected area and symmetrically to the lesion, in case of swelling and severe pain - above the affected area.

The massage course can be divided into three parts: 1) introductory – 1–3 procedures that are carried out to determine the body’s reaction to massage; 2) main – about 20 procedures, which are carried out taking into account the physiological state of the person being massaged and the characteristics of his disease; 3) final – 1–2 procedures.

As a rule, a massage course includes from 5 to 25 procedures, depending on the severity of the disease and the condition of the person being massaged.

Between courses you can take breaks from 10 days to 2-3 months. The number of procedures and the duration of the break between them are selected individually and can be either reduced or increased.

Massage and self-massage procedures also consist of three stages: 1) introductory – 1–3 minutes, during which the person being massaged is prepared for the main part using gentle techniques; 2) main – from 5 to 20 minutes; 3) final – 1–3 minutes, during which the intensity of exposure is reduced, normalizing body functions, and breathing exercises are performed.

The duration of the session can be from 3 minutes. up to an hour depending on indications. Massage is done daily or every other day, sometimes it is performed 2-3 times a week, combined with other types of complex treatment.

A properly performed massage causes a feeling of warmth, comfort, relaxation, improved overall well-being and drowsiness. Breathing becomes easy and free.

The effect of massage on the body

Deeply located tissues, internal organs and skin form a single functional whole.

According to the theory of E. N. Vvedensky, irritation of nerve endings in certain areas of the skin is transmitted along the nerve trunks to the central nervous system, from where, along the periphery, it reflexively excites the cerebral cortex, which controls the activity of the entire body, which helps restore the functions of organs and tissues, often located far away from the site of irritation.

Leather

The skin is a huge receptor field that is in direct contact with the external environment. It is involved in breathing, blood circulation, heat regulation, metabolism, cleansing the body of toxins and excess water, working as auxiliary lungs, heart, liver and kidneys. In addition, the skin is a complex sensitive system. It contains more than 3 million pain receptors.

The skin consists of three layers: the epidermis, the skin itself and the subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis communicates the body with the external environment and, in turn, consists of 5 layers.

The dermis (skin) is a dense connective tissue containing a large number of blood vessels. Subcutaneous adipose tissue consists of a network of numerous connective tissue fibers. It protects the body from bruises and hypothermia. Blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands are located in the dermis and subcutaneous fatty tissue.

Massage not only affects the structural layers of the skin, but also affects the central nervous system. It mechanically removes dead epidermal cells, improving skin respiration and enhancing the activity of the sebaceous and sweat glands, which, in turn, helps remove toxins and decay products from the body. Thanks to the massage, blood vessels dilate and blood circulation improves, while the skin tone increases and it becomes smooth, firm and elastic.

Muscles

Muscles make up one third of a person's body weight. More than 400 muscles make up the active part of the musculoskeletal system, with the bulk of the muscle mass located in the limbs. Muscles have the ability to shorten, stretch and viscosity (elasticity). Constant involuntary muscle tension is called tone. The muscles of the skeleton are divided, according to its sections, into the muscles of the trunk, head and limbs. The muscles of the trunk, in turn, are divided into posterior (back and neck) and anterior (neck, chest and abdomen). Massage of large muscle groups increases their activity, changes redox processes, as a result of which gas exchange increases and muscle mass becomes larger. Massage helps reduce muscle tone.

Human muscles: a – front view: 1 – pectoralis major muscle; 2 – serratus anterior muscle; 3 – rectus abdominis muscle; 4 – white line of the abdomen; 5 – external oblique abdominal muscle; 6 – inguinal ligament; b – rear view: 1 – trapezius muscle; 2 – latissimus dorsi; 3 – rhomboid major muscle; 4 – gluteus medius muscle; 5 – gluteus maximus muscle; 6 – sternocleidomastoid muscle

It has been noted that there is a relationship between muscle activity and the digestive tract. Therefore, by influencing the muscular system with massage, it is possible to achieve stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract.

For bronchial asthma, massage the collar area, back, chest and intercostal muscles.

Circulatory system

The circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels - arteries, veins, capillaries, forming a closed system through which blood moves to the organs and back. It serves to supply organs and tissues with nutrients and oxygen and release metabolic products from them.

The heart is the central “pumping station” of the blood circulation. It is a four-chambered hollow muscular organ that produces rhythmic contractions, resulting in the movement of blood through the vessels.

Arteries carry blood from the heart to the organs. The thinnest arterial vessels are called “arterioles.” Through them, through the precapillaries, blood enters the capillaries.

Veins are vessels through which blood flows in the opposite direction, from the organs to the heart. Through the smallest venous vessels - venules - blood from the capillaries flows through the postcapillaries into the veins. The network of the thinnest vessels (arterioles, precapillaries, capillaries, postcapillaries and venules) forms a microcircular bed.

All blood vessels are united into two circles of blood circulation: large and small. The great circle begins with the aorta, which emerges from the left ventricle and carries arterial blood to all organs. It is not advisable to examine the systemic circulation in detail in this book, since it is not taken into account for massage for bronchial asthma.

When performing a massage for bronchial asthma, you need to pay special attention to the pulmonary circulation, the so-called pulmonary circulation. It begins with the pulmonary trunk, which emerges from the right ventricle under the aortic arch and divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries, going to the gates of the corresponding lung. Each artery is first divided according to the number of pulmonary lobes, and then into smaller vessels. Venous blood travels through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Passing through the capillaries of the lungs, it turns into an arterial one, which flows through the four pulmonary veins and flows into the left atrium. In addition to the pulmonary arteries, veins and intrapulmonary branches, there are bronchial arteries, veins and their branches inside the lungs, which belong to the systemic circulation.

Circulatory organs (diagram): 1 – heart; 2 – artery; 3 – veins; 4 – capillaries; 5 – left ventricle; 6 – right atrium; 7 – superior vena cava; 8 – inferior vena cava; 9 – aorta; 10 – right ventricle; 11 – pulmonary trunk; 12 – capillaries of the lungs; 13 – pulmonary veins; 14 – left atrium

Massage techniques improve arterial blood flow, which leads to a decrease in venous stagnation and an increase in metabolism. When stroking in a centripetal direction above the point where the lateral branch departs from the vein, the outflow of blood accelerates not only from the main trunk of the vein itself, but also from its lateral branch.

Lymphatic system

Lymph is a clear liquid containing lymphocytes, a small number of eosinophils and monocytes. The lymphatic system includes vessels, lymph nodes and lymphatic organs - tonsils, follicles (nodules) of the mucous membranes.

The lymphatic system is closely related to the circulatory system. The supply of tissues with nutrients from the blood occurs through tissue fluid. Penetrating into the lumen of lymphatic capillaries, tissue fluid changes its chemical composition, is enriched with formed elements and thus turns into lymph. Lymph nodes perform hematopoietic and protective functions. They produce immune bodies.

All lymph passes through the thoracic lymphatic duct 6 times a day, while a complete blood circulation is completed in just 20–25 seconds. The lymphatic system begins with lymphatic capillaries, which are a closed system of tubes. Of these, lymph enters the lymphatic vessels, the largest of which accompany the blood vessels, entwining them.

Superficial lymphatic vessels:

a – front surface of the body;

b – posterior surface of the body

In certain places there are lymph nodes - formations of dense consistency of various sizes and shapes. They are biological filters for lymph flowing through them. The largest clusters of these nodes are located in the neck, chest (near the trachea and bronchi), abdomen, groin area, in the axillary cavity, etc.

The main one is the thoracic duct, which collects lymph from almost the entire body. It begins in the abdominal cavity at the level of the second lumbar vertebra from the confluence of the right, left lumbar and intestinal trunks. Lymph flows from the lower extremities, pelvis and abdomen along the lumbar trunks into the thoracic duct; along the intestinal trunk - from the abdominal organs. Then the thoracic duct passes through the aortic opening of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity and, at the level of the IV–V thoracic vertebrae, shifts to the left, exits onto the neck and flows into the left venous angle formed by the connection of the subclavian and internal jugular veins. Three trunks flow into the terminal part of the thoracic duct: left bronchostinal, left jugular and left subclavian. The right lymphatic duct is very short (1.5 cm), it flows into the right venous angle.

Considering the importance of lymph flow in eliminating residual effects of inflammation, massage manipulations should be carried out from the periphery to the center, that is, in the direction of lymph flow along the lymphatic pathways to the lymph nodes. Massage can speed up the movement of blood and lymph flow throughout the vascular system, which is a very important factor in the therapeutic effect. Massage not only eliminates stagnation and promotes the resorption of inflammatory products, but also significantly improves tissue metabolism and gas exchange, improves kidney function, and normalizes blood pressure and pulse.

Direction of massage movements: a – front view; b – rear view

Nervous system

The functional unity and integrity of all body systems is ensured by the nervous system. It carries out the interaction between the body and the external environment. Through sensory organs and nerve endings, it regulates physiological processes occurring in tissues and cells, controls the functioning of skeletal muscles and the neuromuscular system.

The human nervous system is divided into two parts: animal and autonomic. They distinguish between the central part (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral part (cranial and spinal nerves, border sympathetic trunk and its branches). The somatic (animal) nervous system ensures the functioning of the musculoskeletal system, skin and sensory organs, the autonomic nervous system ensures the functioning of internal organs, skeletal muscles and controls metabolism in the muscles.

The brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system. It consists of a huge number of nerve cells (neurons) and their processes (nerve fibers). The brain is located in the cranial cavity and includes 2 hemispheres and 5 sections: medulla oblongata, posterior, middle, intermediate and terminal, from which 12 cranial nerves arise. The spinal cord is located in the spinal canal from the upper edge of the first cervical vertebra to the lower edge of the first lumbar vertebra. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves along the entire length of the spinal cord. There are 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and one coccygeal segments of the spinal cord. The anterior branches of the thoracic spinal nerves are called intercostal nerves. The spinal nerves form several large plexuses (cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral).

Massage techniques change the reflex reactions of the nervous system and help increase muscle tone, blood pressure, increase adrenaline and blood sugar, and increase blood clotting. In addition, massage and self-massage have a beneficial effect on the respiratory system.

In case of asthma and pulmonary diseases, under the influence of massage, the effect of bronchospasmolytic drugs is enhanced and the saturation of arterial blood with oxygen increases.

Massage technique

The massage technique consists of many techniques that were described by doctors of Ancient Greece, India, China and other countries. Hippocrates, Galen, Celsus, Avicenna and many other thinkers of antiquity dedicated their works to massage. The classification of massage techniques has undergone a number of changes and improvements over the last century.

Today, in practice, there are 5 main massage techniques: stroking, kneading, rubbing, vibration and percussion techniques. However, not all of the techniques listed above (squeezing, percussive techniques, etc.) are suitable for massage for asthma. Therefore they will not be considered.

The choice of massage techniques is related to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the body area being massaged, the patient’s condition, his age, gender, nature and stage of the disease. When performing a massage, one technique is rarely used. To achieve a good result, you need to alternate basic massage techniques and combine them with auxiliary ones. The table below classifies massage techniques used for bronchial asthma.

Table 3. Classical massage techniques and their varieties used for bronchial asthma
Massage techniques

Before studying the technique of massage techniques, it is necessary to determine the working zones on the hands - the main tool of the massage therapist. There are 2 main areas on the palmar surface of the hand: the base of the palm and the palmar surface of the fingers and two elevations (I and IV fingers). Each finger (except I) has 3 phalanges: nail, middle and main. In addition, in practice the ulnar and radial edges of the hand are used.

When performing certain massage techniques, not only the palms are used, but also the back surface of the hand (with fingers bent at right angles or with the ridges of the fingers bent into a fist).

Palmar surface of the hand: 1 – eminence of the fifth finger; 2 – terminal phalanges of the fingers; 3 – elevation of the first finger; 4 – base of the palm; 5 – radial edge of the hand; 6 – ulnar edge of the hand

Stroking

Stroking is the most commonly used massage technique, in which the hand glides over the skin without moving it into folds, using varying degrees of pressure.

Stroking has an effect on metabolic processes, increases muscle tone, and enhances blood microcirculation; facilitates the outflow of lymph and blood, which reduces swelling; promotes the rapid removal of metabolic products from the body, and also cleanses the skin of horny scales, remnants of the secretion of sweat and sebaceous glands.

Depending on the method of application, stroking can have both a calming and stimulating effect. For example, superficial flat stroking calms, while deep and intermittent stroking excites.

In addition, stroking has an analgesic and absorbable effect.

Stroking on small areas of the body is performed with the pad of the thumb or the pads of the 2nd–5th fingers. Large surfaces of the body are stroked with the base of the palm, fists, palmar and back of the hand.

When stroking plane, the palm slides over the surface of the skin, tightly adhering to it. The brush should not be tense. Movements are made in different directions (longitudinal, transverse, circular, spiral) both with one hand and with two.

The direction of hand movements when performing a massage: a – straight; b – zigzag; c – spiral; g – circular; d – shading

This method is used to massage the limbs, chest, abdomen, back, neck and face. Deep planar stroking is performed with one palm weighed down by the other, with varying degrees of pressure applied to the pelvis, back, chest and limbs. In this case, movements are made along the flow of lymph in the direction of the lymph nodes.

Enveloping stroking is performed with a brush tightly adjacent to the massaged area, directed from the periphery to the center, along the course of the vessels. In this case, the hand and fingers take the shape of a groove: the first finger is moved to the side as much as possible and is opposed to the remaining (II–V) closed fingers. When performing grasping stroking, the hand can move both continuously and intermittently.

Comprehensive stroking towards the nearest lymph node

Intermittent stroking is performed on small areas of the skin and is usually used on the limbs. The movements of the hand should be rhythmic; they massage, sometimes grasping and squeezing, sometimes releasing.

In addition to the basic stroking techniques, there are auxiliary ones. Pincer-like stroking is performed with the thumb and index finger or fingers I–II and III folded in a pincer-like manner. Grasping a muscle or joint with your fingers, stroke along its entire length. This option is used for massaging small joints (fingers and toes), tendons and individual muscles (face, ears, nose).

Pincer stroking

Comb-like stroking is performed with the main phalanges of the bent fingers. It is used on large muscle groups in the back and pelvis, while the thumb of the left hand is pinched with the right hand. Pincer-like stroking is also used to massage the palms, soles, lumbar region, dorsum of the lower leg, etc.

Rake-like stroking is performed with the fingers of one or two hands, arranged in a rake-like manner, sometimes with weights. When performing this technique, the hand is positioned at an angle of 30 to 45° to the surface being massaged. Rake-like stroking is used in the scalp area, for massaging the intercostal spaces and in those areas of the body where it is necessary to bypass damaged skin.

Ironing is carried out with the fingers of one or two hands, which are bent at the metacarpophalangeal joints at right angles to the palm, and with the dorsal surface of the main and middle phalanges of the last four fingers, and in the opposite direction they are stroked with the pads of straightened fingers (rake-like technique). As a rule, this technique is used to massage the back, thighs, face, abdomen, and soles.

Rake stroking

Ironing

Concentric stroking is performed by clasping the joint with both hands. In this case, the thumbs are located on one side, and the rest are on the other.

Circular stroking movements are applied to the main lymph nodes in the direction of the lymph flow. Concentric stroking is used to massage the joints, limbs, muscles of the shoulder girdle and neck.

Below are general guidelines for carrying out the stroking technique.

1. When stroking, the muscles of the person being massaged should be in a relaxed state.

2. The massage begins and ends with stroking.

3. The technique can be performed in combination with other massage techniques (rubbing, kneading and vibration).

4. Stroking is performed very slowly (24–26 movements per minute), rhythmically, softly, along the blood and lymph flow, and on the back - in both directions.

5. At the beginning, use superficial stroking, then deeper strokes.

6. In case of circulatory problems (swelling, edema), stroking should begin from areas located above, directing movements along the lymph flow.

7. During the session, it is not necessary to use all stroking options.

8. On the flexor surface of the limb, techniques are carried out more deeply.

You should not apply too much pressure while performing the technique - this can cause discomfort and pain in the person being massaged. A loose fit of the palm and spread fingers lead to uneven impact, and too fast a pace and abrupt execution of the technique lead to displacement of the skin.

Trituration

Rubbing is a manipulation in which the hand displaces the skin, shifting and stretching it in different directions, while the skin moves along with the massage therapist’s hand. Rubbing is much more effective than stroking, has a deeper effect on the tissue and is carried out along the blood and lymph flow. Rubbing increases the flow of blood and lymph to the massaged tissues, improves their nutrition and metabolic processes, promotes loosening and crushing of pathological formations in various layers of tissue, increases muscle elasticity, and significantly reduces nervous excitability.

Rubbing is performed on the palmar surface of the hand, the tubercles of the thumbs, the pads of the index, middle and II–V fingers, the base of the palm, fists, the ulnar edge of the hand, and the bony protrusions of the phalanges of the fingers bent into a fist. The technique can be performed with one or both hands. Movements are made longitudinally, transversely, circularly, zigzagly or spirally. When rubbing with your palms, the hand is pressed tightly against the area being massaged, the fingers are pressed tightly against each other, and the thumb is moved to the side.

The most common use is rubbing with the pads of the fingers when massaging the back, buttocks, joints, intercostal muscles, the back of the foot and hand, and the Achilles tendon. The technique is carried out by pressing the thumb to the index finger, and the pads of the 2nd–5th fingers to the massaged area, displacing the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The reception can be done with weights.

On the back, in the area of ​​the shoulder girdle and hips, you can rub with the elbow edge of the hand. Massage movements with the edge of the hand, tightly pressed to the massaged area, are performed linearly or in a circle.

Rubbing with fists is carried out on large muscle groups of the back, thighs, buttocks, etc. To do this, the fingers are clenched into a fist, and rubbing is done from the side of the bent fingers, as well as from the side of the little finger.

Rubbing with the base of the palm is carried out on the back muscles, joints, hips, anterior tibia muscles, etc. In this case, the base of the palm is pressed tightly to the massaged area and pressure is applied to displace the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Straight-line rubbing is performed with the end phalanges of one or more fingers. This technique is used to massage small muscle groups in the area of ​​joints, hands, feet, main nerve trunks, and face.

Consistently performing straight-line rubbing with fingertips

Circular rubbing is performed with a circular displacement of the skin by the end phalanges with support on the first finger or on the base of the palm. It can also be performed with the backs of bent fingers or individual fingers, with or without weights. Circular rubbing is used to massage almost all areas of the body: back, chest, abdomen, limbs.

Circular rubbing with two hands with weights

Spiral rubbing is used to massage the back, abdomen, chest, pelvic area and limbs. It is carried out with the base of the palm or the ulnar edge of the hand, bent into a fist, sometimes with one hand weighed down by the other. When performing this technique, one or both hands are used alternately.

Spiral rubbing with the heel of the palm

Auxiliary techniques include shading, planing, sawing, comb-like and tong-like rubbing.

Hatching is used in the area of ​​scars on the skin, muscle atrophy, skin diseases and flaccid paralysis. It is performed using the pads of the terminal phalanges of the II–III or II–V fingers. When performing the technique, the fingers are straightened and at an angle of 30° to the massaged surface. Movements in a given direction are made progressively, tissues are displaced both longitudinally and transversely.

Hatching

Planing is used on extensive scars and skin diseases, if it is necessary to avoid exposure to the affected areas; for muscle atrophy and for the purpose of their stimulation.

When performing this technique, the hands are placed one behind the other and, with translational movements reminiscent of planing, they are immersed in the tissue with the pads of the fingers, stretching and displacing them.

Planing

Sawing is used in the area of ​​large joints, back, abdomen, hips, and cervical spine. It is performed using the ulnar edge of both hands. The hands are positioned so that the palm surfaces are facing each other and are at a distance of 1–3 cm from each other. During the technique, sawing movements are made with the hands in opposite directions, and there should be a roller of the tissue being massaged between the palms.

If the sawing technique is carried out with the ray edges of the hand, then it is called crossing.

Comb-like rubbing is used to massage the muscles of the back, thighs, tibial muscles of the leg, soles, palms and abdomen. The technique is performed by the bony protrusions of the middle interphalangeal joints.

Sawing

Crossing

Pincer-like rubbing is used to massage tendons, small muscle groups, the auricle, nose, and face. It is performed by the terminal phalanges of the I–II or I–III fingers. When rubbing with forceps, movements can be linear or circular.

Basic guidelines for performing rubbing.

1. Rubbing is a preparatory technique before kneading.

2. The technique is carried out at a speed of 60–100 movements per minute and can alternate with stroking and other techniques.

3. To enhance the effect of the technique, you can increase the angle between the fingers and the massaged surface or perform the technique with weights.

4. Rubbing is carried out along the blood and lymphatic vessels, and the back muscles are massaged from the lumbar region to the cervical region and from the lower corners of the shoulder blades to the lower back.

5. Unnecessarily, when rubbing, you should not linger on one area for more than 8–10 seconds.

The technique should not be performed roughly. Rubbing movements should be made with displacement of the skin, and not sliding along it. The fingers must be straightened when performing the technique. Rubbing with bent fingers can cause discomfort in the person being massaged.

Kneading

Kneading is the main massage technique, the most technically complex; practically it is a set of techniques that first fix the massaged area, then squeeze it and knead it.

Kneading has a major effect on the muscles, thereby increasing their elasticity, increasing blood and lymph flow, significantly improving tissue nutrition and metabolism, relieving muscle fatigue and increasing their tone, performance and contractile functions. There are two types of kneading: continuous and intermittent.

Kneading with one hand (ordinary) should be soft, smooth and without pain. It is usually used to massage the limbs and back. Ordinary kneading can be performed in two ways. In the first, the massaged muscle is tightly grasped with the palm, with the thumb on one side of the muscle and all the others on the other, then it is lifted, squeezing between the fingers, and forward movements are made. In the second option, the muscle is kneaded between the fingers, pressing on it on one side with the thumb, and on the other with all the others, moving along its entire length.

Kneading with two hands (double and circular) can be performed in the transverse and lobar directions. It is usually used to massage the limbs, pelvis, back and sides of the neck. Intermittent kneading is performed with one or two hands in the transverse or longitudinal direction, but the movements of the hands are not uniform, but intermittent.

Longitudinal kneading is carried out along the muscle fibers, along the muscle axis. The reception is divided into 3 phases. In the first, straightened fingers are positioned so that the thumbs of both hands are on the front surface of the massaged area, and the remaining fingers are located on the sides of the massaged segment. In the next two phases, the hands move over the massaged area.

Longitudinal kneading of the thigh muscles

Transverse kneading is used to massage the back, pelvic area, cervical region, limbs, etc. When performing the technique in the transverse direction, the hands are placed across the muscle fibers at a distance equal to the width of the palm. During transverse kneading, hand movements can be directed in one direction or in different directions. The technique can be performed with weights.

Cross kneading with two hands (unidirectional)

Auxiliary kneading techniques are very diverse. When massaging the limbs, hips, and shoulders, felting is most often used. When performing the technique, the palmar surfaces are grasped on both sides of the massaged area. The fingers are straightened, the hands are parallel. Movements are made in opposite directions with movement across the massaged area.

Rolling is used to massage the abdomen, chest and sides of the back. Rolling is done by grasping the massaged area with one brush, and rolling movements are made with the other, moving nearby tissues onto the fixing brush, and thus moving over the massaged area. Rolling movements can be performed on a fist or individual fingers.

Wallow

Rolling

Shifting is used for tissue scars, in the treatment of skin diseases, adhesions, paresis of the face and other parts of the body. To perform the technique, fixing the massaged surface, make rhythmic movements, moving the tissues towards each other.

Sliding can be done with two hands, two or more fingers.

shift

Stretching or traction is performed with the thumbs, which are placed opposite each other on the massaged area and gently stretch the muscles. The technique is usually used for soldering, scars, muscle tightness, etc.

Pressure is applied in the back, along the paraverbal line, in the buttocks, at the exit points of the nerve nodes (biologically active points), on the facial muscles (facial nerve paresis, skin aging, etc.). The technique is carried out intermittently with the ends of the index and thumb (or fingers II–V), a fist, the base of the palm, or possibly with weights.

Pressure

Forceps kneading is used to massage the long muscles of the back, forearm, tibial muscles, face, neck, and chest. The technique is performed with the thumb and other fingers, which take the form of forceps. The muscle is grabbed, pulled upward and then kneaded between the fingers. It can also be done with fingers I–II or I–III (pinching on the face), grabbing, pulling and kneading local areas.

Kneading with the base of the palm is carried out on the muscles of the back, thighs, anterior tibial muscles, and large joints. When performing the technique, the base of the palm is pressed tightly against the massaged area and pressure is applied to the tissue in various directions.

Kneading with the heel of the palm

Kneading with your thumbs is carried out simultaneously along two lines. For example, the inner part of the right calf muscle is massaged with the left hand, and the outer part with the right hand. Kneading of paraverbal zones (back muscles) is carried out both spirally and linearly. To perform the technique, the hand is placed on the muscle being massaged, and the thumb is directed forward (along the line of the muscles), and it is used in circular rotational (clockwise) movements forward, with pressure on the muscle.

Kneading with thumb pads

Squeezing is done with the tubercle of the thumb or its pads in a straight line, with great pressure on the muscles being massaged. When weights are applied, pressure is applied to the thumb either with the base of the other palm or with fingers II–V.

Basic guidelines for kneading:

1. When kneading, the massaged muscles should be as relaxed as possible, with comfortable and good fixation.

2. Kneading is performed vigorously, but gently, without jerking or causing pain, making 50–60 movements per minute.

3. Techniques are carried out both in the ascending direction along the muscle fibers, and in the transverse and longitudinal directions, without jumping from one area to another, taking into account the pathological process.

4. The intensity of the massage increases from procedure to procedure. To deeply knead the muscles, you must first prepare them (especially the muscles of the inner surface of the shoulder and thigh).

5. Techniques begin to be carried out from the place of transition of the muscle into the tendon, and the hands must be placed on the surface being massaged, taking into account its configuration.

You should not bend your fingers at the interphalangeal joints in the first phase of the technique (fixation); slide your fingers over the skin, especially when squeezing the muscle in the second phase; press firmly with the end phalanges of the fingers; massage with a tense hand; simultaneously work with your hands during longitudinal kneading in the third phase (crushing), this causes pain in the person being massaged.

Vibration

Vibration is a technique in which oscillatory movements are transmitted to the massaged area of ​​the body, produced evenly, but with different speeds and amplitudes. Vibration can be performed on the palmar surface, the end phalanx of one finger, the thumb and forefinger (or index, middle and ring), thumb and other fingers, palm and fist.

Depending on the frequency and amplitude of vibration, blood vessels dilate or constrict, blood pressure decreases, heart rate changes, and the time required for callus formation after fractures decreases.

Vibrations can be continuous (stable, labile) and intermittent.

Continuous vibration is used in the larynx, back, pelvis, on the muscles of the thigh, lower leg, shoulder, forearm, along the most important nerve trunks, at the exit points of nerve nodes (biologically active points and zones). It is performed by the end phalanx of one or several fingers, depending on the area of ​​influence. If necessary, the technique can be performed with both hands, the entire palm, the base of the palm, or the fist.

Continuous vibration (stable)

Continuous vibration (labile)

Intermittent or shock vibration is usually used to massage the limbs, back, chest, pelvis, abdomen, facial and head muscles. It is characterized by an irregular effect on the massaged area. Performing the technique involves delivering frequent strikes with the tips of bent fingers, the edge of the palm, the back of slightly outstretched fingers, the palm with bent or clenched fingers, and the hand clenched into a fist. The movements can be performed with one or two hands alternately.

Vibration with the palms is performed on the back, stomach, chest, hips, etc. When performing the technique, the palm is pressed tightly against the surface being massaged and performs oscillatory movements (with pressure), moving forward.

Intermittent vibration "finger shower"

With the thumb and forefinger or the thumb and all other fingers, vibrations are made in the back, larynx, and on the muscles of the limbs. When performing the technique, the fingers are pressed tightly against the massaged surface and fast, rhythmic oscillatory movements are carried out.

A point type of vibration is used when influencing biologically active points, when compacting in muscles. Point vibration is performed with the pad of one finger. To do this, press the finger tightly onto the massaged point and make quick oscillatory movements.

Spot vibration

Concussion (shaking) is used on the muscles of the limbs, buttocks, larynx, chest, pelvis, and when affecting internal organs. The technique is performed with individual fingers or hands. The movements are made in different directions and resemble sifting flour through a sieve.

Shake

Shaking is performed when performing a massage of the limbs. The technique is carried out with both hands or one with fixation of the hand or ankle joint being massaged. When using it on the upper limbs, a “handshake” is performed and the hand is shaken in a horizontal plane. Shaking of the lower limb is performed in a vertical plane with fixation of the ankle joint with the knee joint straightened.

Shaking the lower limb

The “crossing” technique is carried out in the abdominal area with one hand with the thumb abducted on one side and fingers II–III in a zigzag manner from bottom to top (from the pubic region to the xiphoid process) on the other.

The technique of performing striking techniques differs from the previous ones. Percussive techniques include patting, tapping, chopping and puncturing.

Patting is used to massage the back, thighs and buttocks. It is performed with the palmar surface of one or both hands with the thumb or hand pressed and the fingers slightly bent, forming an air cushion to soften the blow to the body of the person being massaged.

Vibration “crossing” the abdominal muscles

Pat

Effleurage, as a rule, is used to massage the back, buttocks, thighs, chest, along the intestines, and limbs. The technique is performed using the ulnar edges of one or both hands, bent into a fist, as well as the back of the hand. The movements follow one after another. The force of the blow depends on the location of the impact.

Tapping with the ulnar edge of the hand

Chopping is done using the ulnar edges of the hands, with the palms placed at a distance of 2–4 cm from each other. When struck, they are relaxed so that the blow is softened. The technique is carried out with one or two hands alternately and rhythmically. Movements are carried out in longitudinal or transverse directions.

Chopping

Puncture is used for facial massage, in the chest, abdomen, back, and in biologically active points and zones. This technique is carried out with the end phalanges of the II–III or II–V fingers, similar to beating a shot on a drum. It can be done with one or two brushes (“finger shower”).

Basic guidelines for vibration:

1. The strength and intensity of the impact of vibration depends on the angle of inclination of the fingers in relation to the surface being massaged: the greater it is at 90°, the stronger the impact.

2. The duration of performing striking techniques in one area is no more than 10 s. Vibration and percussion techniques must be combined with stroking.

3. Vibrations and percussion techniques have a stimulating effect, and shaking has a calming effect.

4. On the inner surface of the thighs, in the popliteal region, in the places of projection of the internal organs (kidneys, heart), intermittent vibrations (effleurage, chopping) are not carried out, especially in the elderly.

5. Vibration should not be performed on tense muscle groups.

Massage of individual body parts

Having studied the basic massage techniques, you can move on to mastering the massage of individual parts of the body. Each muscle group, joint, limb, body segment is massaged taking into account the directions of the main massage movements. Therefore, before using any massage techniques in practice, you need to study the technique of massage of individual areas of the body.

For bronchial asthma, the chest, abdomen, back and intercostal space are mainly massaged. However, by performing self-massage or hygienic massage, you can massage all parts of the body. Let's first consider massage of those parts of the body that interest us primarily (back, chest, intercostal space), and then all the rest.

Massage of the back, lumbar region and pelvis

Back massage has some features:

1) back muscles (latus, trapezius and longus) are flat;

2) lymph nodes are located in opposite areas: in the supraclavicular and subclavian on the one hand and in the inguinal on the other;

3) in some areas (for example, in the corners of the shoulder blades), the network of lymph nodes is strongly intertwined, and they have different directions. Therefore, it is recommended to massage your back in two directions: from top to bottom and from bottom to top.

When massaging the back, the position of the massaged person is lying on his stomach. The arms should be bent at the elbow joints and placed along the body. The massage begins with superficial stroking, then flat, deep and grasping, performed with both hands. Movements are made from the sacrum and iliac crest upward, parallel to the spinous processes of the spinal column, to the supraclavicular fossa. After this, the hands return to their original position, and the following movements are made at some distance from the spinal column.

The most common rubbing techniques used for back massage are: straight-line with the pads and tubercles of the thumbs, circular with the pads of four fingers of one hand with weights, circular with the phalanges of four fingers, concentric with the thumbs and index fingers, the base of the palm, phalanges of bent fingers without weights and with weights.

Kneading techniques are performed with both hands on each side of the back, both longitudinally and transversely. Very often, circular kneading is used with the pad of the thumb of one or both hands. For the broad muscles of the back, single and double ring kneading and kneading with the base of the palm are recommended. The long muscles (back extensors), which stretch from the sacrum to the back of the head, are best massaged using deep linear stroking with the palmar surface of the thumbs of both hands, directing movements from top to bottom and bottom to top. The massage of the long muscles ends with stroking.

The trapezius muscle, which occupies the back of the head, the middle part of the back, the subscapular and suprascapular regions, is massaged in accordance with the direction of the muscle fibers: in the lower part - up, in the middle - horizontally, in the upper - down. When massaging the trapezius muscle, all basic techniques are used.

Rubbing along the spinal column can be done in circular movements with the pads of the thumbs, fists and pads of the 2nd–4th fingers, phalanges of bent fingers, the base of the palm, etc. The back massage ends with stroking.

When performing a massage in the pelvic area, movements are directed from bottom to top. Most often, stroking with weights, comb-like, ironing is used; circular rubbing with weights, comb-like, sawing; longitudinal and transverse, ascending and descending kneading with both hands; intermittent vibration, point vibration, tapping, patting, chopping.

Direction of the main massage movements in the back, lower back, neck and pelvis

Neck massage

The cervical region is distinguished by the superficial location of large blood vessels and a large number of lymphatic vessels of the cervical lymphatic plexus. The skin of the lateral and anterior sections of the neck, unlike the back of the head, is very delicate and easily moves. Neck massage increases the outflow of venous blood and lymph from the cavity of the skull and its integument. It is performed in a sitting or lying position.

When massaging the neck, stroking is used (planar, grasping, comb-shaped, forceps-shaped), with movements directed from top to bottom; rubbing (straight, circular, sawing, crossing, hatching); kneading (transverse, longitudinal, pressing, forceps, shearing, stretching); vibrations (puncture, tapping, patting, shaking with individual fingers).

When massaging the sternocleidomastoid muscle, forceps-like stroking and rubbing are performed in the direction of the muscle fibers from the place of its attachment to the mastoid process to the sternoclavicular joint. Rubbing the mastoid area is done with one or two hands, using circular rubbing. Finish the neck massage with stroking.

Chest massage

Lymphatic vessels in the chest area are directed to the supraclavicular, subclavian and axillary nodes, so massage movements are performed from the lower ribs to the pectoralis major muscle in an arched upward manner, and in the lateral and lower part of the chest - to the axillary cavity and axillary fossa. The pectoralis major, intercostal, serratus anterior muscles and diaphragm are massaged on the chest.

When massaging the chest, the position of the massaged person is lying on his back or side, as well as sitting. First, a preparatory massage is carried out, which includes stroking (superficial, planar, grasping from bottom to top and outwards to the armpits), then selective massage (pectoralis major, serratus anterior, external intercostal muscles at the level of the diaphragm).

Given the fan-shaped arrangement of the muscle fibers of the pectoralis major muscles, massage movements are carried out in the direction from the sternum to the armpits and shoulder joint.

During the main chest massage, stroking, circular rubbing, transverse kneading and vibration (concussion, point) are used.

Direction of basic massage movements in the chest and abdomen

Massage of the external intercostal muscles (stroking, rubbing, intermittent vibration) is performed with the fingertips in the direction from the sternum along the intercostal space to the spinal column. Stable, continuous vibration is carried out in the area of ​​the diaphragm, introducing fingers II to V into the right or left hypochondrium, influencing the diaphragm only indirectly. Massage of the external intercostal muscles is completed with grasping planar stroking from bottom to top, producing rhythmic movements.

Massage of the serratus anterior muscle is best performed with the patient in the lateral position. In this case, stroking, kneading and rubbing in the intercostal spaces in the area from II to IX ribs are used. When performing massage techniques, movements are directed obliquely to the lower corner of the scapula and the spinal column, performing circular rubbing and longitudinal kneading alternately with stroking.

Breast massage is performed only according to medical indications. When performing massage techniques (stroking, rubbing, intermittent vibration, puncturing), movements are directed from the nipple to the base of the gland, and in case of insufficient secretory activity, from the base of the gland to the nipple.

When massaging the chest, be sure to avoid vigorous techniques in the areas where the ribs attach to the sternum.

Abdominal massage

The abdominal region is bounded above by the lower edge of the rib cage, and below by the inguinal ligaments and iliac crests. The lymphatic vessels of the upper half of the anterior abdominal wall carry lymph to the axillary lymph nodes, and the lower half - to the inguinal nodes. From the deep layers of the epigastric region, lymph enters the intercostal space, from the celiac - to the lumbar, from the hypogastric - to the iliac lymph nodes. Abdominal massage can be divided into massage of the anterior abdominal wall, abdominal organs and solar (celiac) plexus. The purpose of massage of the abdominal wall and intestines is to speed up blood circulation, eliminate venous congestion, and stimulate intestinal function.

The massage is performed with the person being massaged lying on his back with his head raised, and a cushion is placed under his knees. First, a preparatory massage is performed. Then perform planar stroking with the right hand (with the thumb as the supporting finger), gentle circular, starting from the navel area clockwise, covering the entire surface of the abdomen. After this, the following techniques are carried out: rubbing (crossing, sawing, shading), kneading with fingertips (longitudinal, transverse, felting, rolling) and vibration.

During a voluntary massage of the rectus abdominis muscles, forceps-like stroking, ironing, kneading from top to bottom and bottom to top, shaking are performed and the procedure is completed by stroking.

Massage of the stomach is carried out in the position of the massaged person, first on the back, and then on the right side. After relaxing the abdominal muscles, they begin to act on the bottom of the stomach along the left midclavicular line of the 5th rib, and the lower border is located in the anterior abdominal wall, 1–2 cm above the navel in women and 3–4 cm in men.

When massaging the stomach, intermittent vibration is used with rake-shaped fingers in the epigastric region on the left, outside and inside, as well as a shaking technique.

Massage of the colon is carried out by stroking the fingers, intermittent vibration with the ends of bent fingers and pressing with the palm or fingertips from right to left in a clockwise direction over the entire surface of the abdomen.

Massage of the colon begins from the right iliac region to the right hypochondrium and, bypassing it, descends to the left iliac region. The massage begins with stroking, then circular or spiral rubbing with weights, intermittent pressure, and shaking are performed. The procedure is completed with circular stroking and vibration.

When performing a liver massage, massage movements are performed from the bottom to the left and to the right to the top, while the ends of the fingers penetrate under the right costal edge and produce spiral rubbing, vibration and shaking.

The gallbladder is located on the lower surface of the right lobe of the liver, and is massaged with light planar stroking, semicircular rubbing and continuous vibration.

The kidneys are massaged with the right hand in the area of ​​​​the projection of the right kidney, and the left hand performs the same technique from the right lumbar region. On the left they massage exactly the same way as on the right. When performing techniques, movements are directed from front to back, using circular rubbing, pushing, shaking, stroking.

The projection of the solar plexus is located on the line between the xiphoid process and the navel. The massage is carried out with the fingers of one hand, while performing circular stroking, rubbing and intermittent vibration.

Abdominal massage is performed only in the absence of contraindications, 1–2 hours after eating. Procedures begin with 8–10 minutes. After the massage, it is advisable to rest for 20–30 minutes.

Upper limb massage

The upper limbs include the shoulder girdle (scapula, collarbone), as well as the humerus, bones of the forearm, and hand. The upper extremities are supplied with blood by the subclavian artery, and venous drainage is through the subclavian vein.

Lymphatic vessels cover the upper limbs on all sides, and the lymph nodes are located in the elbow, axillary fossa, along the lower edge of the pectoralis major muscle, in the supraclavicular and subclavian regions. On the fingers, the lymphatic vessels run transversely to the lateral and palmar surface and from here they go to the palm, to the forearm and then to the shoulder, to the axillary and subclavian lymph nodes. Therefore, massage movements should be carried out along the lymphatic vessels, towards the lymph nodes.

Massage of the limbs is carried out in the position of the massaged person sitting or lying down, with one or two hands. When massaging with one hand, the other fixes the limb being massaged and helps to grasp the muscles that are being affected. The massage begins with the hand; then they go up along the radius, along the back surface of the shoulder and through the deltoid muscle, making a grasping stroke in the area of ​​the subclavian lymph node; then, making massage movements up the front surface of the shoulder, perform techniques in the area of ​​the axillary lymph node.

Direction of basic massage movements on the upper limbs

Massage of the fingers and hand begins with planar and pincer-shaped stroking, which is carried out along the back surface of the hand from the fingertips to the middle third of the forearm. Then massage each finger separately towards its base along the dorsal, lateral and palmar surfaces.

When massaging the palmar and lateral surfaces of the fingers and hands, circular, linear and comb-shaped rubbing, shading, and sawing are used. On the back of the hand, straight and circular rubbing of the interosseous spaces is carried out with the pads of four fingers and spiral rubbing with the base of the palm. When performing a massage, you need to carefully hold the exposed limb.

When massaging the wrist joint, the hand should be placed on the massage table or the massage therapist’s thigh. First, the outer and then the inner side of the palm is massaged. In the area adjacent to this joint, gentle circular rubbing is performed with the thumbs.

Stroking should be done on the palm and back of the hand. Gradually, the circular rubbing should move towards the forearm. In this case, the pressure from the massage therapist’s hands should be less than with a similar effect on the palm, since the joints located on the back of the hand and in the elbow bend are covered with thin skin and can be damaged by strong pressure.

If the surface of the palm is covered with tendons and rough skin, then a fairly sharp pressure from the massage therapist’s fingers will not cause harm to the carpal skeleton.

When massaging the hand, it is recommended to use “forceps” (squeezing movements of the thumb and shoulder blade from tightly closed other fingers of the massage therapist’s hand), soft circular stroking with one thumb, circular rubbing with the pads of all fingers and the base of the palm. These techniques can be used on the back of the hand and on the surface of the wrist joint.

After massaging the wrist joint, you should move on to kneading the forearm. To do this, you need to fix the patient’s hand on the massage therapist’s knee and, after stroking the fingers and the back of the hand for the last time, grab the wrist and, with circular stroking movements, gradually move along the outer part of the forearm to the elbow. The next stage should be a similar massage of the inner side of the forearm, with special attention paid to the extensor muscles.

When massaging the extensor muscles, the massage therapist should hold the patient’s hand with his other hand and, at the same time as kneading the forearm, gently squeeze it with pulsating movements. On this part of the body, techniques of semicircular rubbing, transverse kneading of the shoulder muscles on the radial and ulnar sides, and light vibration with the base of the palm and fingertips can be used.

When massaging the front and back surfaces of the elbow joint, it is necessary to thoroughly stretch the ligaments and joints of the arm. When kneading the joints, you should pay special attention to the elbow bend and the muscles running from it to the shoulder. Massaging should be done with the arm slightly bent at the elbow. In this case, the muscles are sufficiently relaxed and will not resist outside interference.

While supporting the patient's hand, the massage therapist should use both hands to stroke the elbow joint and the adjacent muscles. It is best if the patient sits or is in a horizontal position at this time. With any injury or hemorrhage in the elbow joint and the triceps insertion site, an oval or round swelling may be visible. Very often this inflammation is located on the side of the triceps tendons or on both sides of the elbow joint. In some cases, such swelling is invisible, but with careful palpation its location can always be determined.

The main techniques for elbow joint massage are semicircular rubbing, transverse kneading of the forearm muscles, light vibration with the base of the palm and fingertips. When massaging the elbow joint, it is recommended to use “forceps”, soft circular stroking with one thumb, circular rubbing with the pads of all fingers and the base of the palm.

By penetrating the joint with his fingers, the massage therapist can influence those parts of the joint capsule that are located above the coronoid process and the inner edge of the joint. You can finish the massage of the elbow joint with active-passive movements and light rubbing.

Massage of the shoulder joint and shoulder girdle begins with kneading all the muscles of the shoulder, using semicircular rubbing and stroking. After this, you should move on to individual kneading of each individual muscle.

When massaging the deltoid muscle, continuous grasping stroking and rubbing is performed, which should gradually move in concentric circles to the shoulder girdle. Kneading is best done with both hands, applying considerable force. In this part of the body, the muscle layer is quite developed, and weak pressure will not have the necessary effect on it.

The shoulder girdle is located at the top of the trapezius muscle. Before starting the massage, the patient should lie on the table and turn his head towards the muscle being massaged. During massage, you can use such options for influencing muscle tissue as soft circular stroking with one thumb, circular rubbing with the pads of all fingers and the base of the palm, circular movements with the phalanges of bent fingers.

Having finished massaging the forearm, move on to massaging the flexor and extensor muscles. These include muscles such as the biceps, internal brachialis and triceps.

When massaging the flexor muscles, you can use stroking, rubbing and kneading. Kneading is divided into ordinary, longitudinal, double annular, transverse and tong-shaped.

The triceps muscle is rubbed using the phalanges of bent fingers, the spiral movement of the base of the palm and the ridges of bent fingers. When stretching the triceps muscle, it is best to rest your thumb on it, and, pressing, move the other four to the end of the deltoid muscle, where the fingers should meet. When massaging the shoulder muscles, you can use longitudinal and transverse kneading, semicircular rubbing, light patting and stroking. It is best to finish the massage of the shoulder muscles with active-passive movements and light stroking.

When massaging the shoulder joint, it should be taken into account that it consists of the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The tendon of the head of the biceps brachii muscle passes through the cavity of the shoulder joint. The muscles surrounding this joint are attached to the lesser and greater tuberosities of the humerus. Massage the shoulder joint with the patient sitting; if it is in a horizontal position, the massage therapist will not be able to properly carry out the procedure. The seated patient can rest his forearm on the table or the massage therapist's thigh. To better massage the shoulder muscle complex, the massage therapist should approach the person sitting behind.

Massage of the shoulder joint begins with rubbing the muscles of the forearm. The massage therapist strokes the deltoid muscle and the entire area of ​​the shoulder joint with fan-shaped movements. The shoulder joint is rubbed towards the neck, with parallel circular movements of the thumbs, penetrating deeply into the muscles, and sliding movements along the anterior edge of the joint to the axillary fossa. By pressing four fingers into the muscle layer, the massage therapist can use his thumb to massage the back of the shoulder joint, similarly moving towards the armpit.

The development of the articular complex can take place in combination with massaging the skin and muscle surface. To massage the skin and muscle surface, circular stroking, rubbing with fingertips and fingertips with pressure, and concentric stroking with the thumb are used. To massage the lower part of the shoulder joint, the patient must place his hand on the shoulder girdle of the massage therapist, who at this moment fixes four fingers on the head of the humerus, and with his thumb presses into the armpit area, feeling the head of the humerus.

The massage therapist should rub the armpit very slowly - the lymph nodes should not be affected.

Massage of the sternoclavicular and acromial joints is performed by rubbing and gentle stroking.

The nerve trunks of the upper extremities are massaged when certain diseases occur. Massage is performed in those places where the nerve trunks are located close to the surface and can undergo stimulation, in which the patient will not experience discomfort.

The radial nerve is most accessible at the elbow joint. It is located in the space between the supinator and the internal brachialis muscle. You can massage the ulnar nerve on the inside of your shoulder and back of your elbow. To do this, you should create a slight vibration of the joint by drumming movements with your fingers on the arm bent at the joint. The median nerve runs throughout the arm and is most accessible for massage on the inside of the hand. The open palm can be stimulated by a massage therapist in several ways: vibration with fingertips, circular rubbing, longitudinal and transverse rubbing, light stroking and vibration of the shoulder joint.

Lower limb massage

Massage of the lower extremities is performed for soft tissue injuries, damage to bones and joints; treatment of the cardiovascular system, peripheral nervous system, central paralysis.

The human lower limb is conventionally divided into the pelvic girdle and the free lower limb. Its blood supply is provided by the iliac artery system. The lymphatic vessels of the lower limb are characterized by strong branching and are located along the blood vessels. Lymph nodes are located in the groin, popliteal fossa and perineum. Lymph from the vessels of the buttocks and inner thighs moves to the lymph nodes of the perineum, and the lymphatic fluid of the dorsum of the foot and sole rises to the inguinal and popliteal nodes. The lower extremities are innervated by the nerves of the sacral lumbar plexus and supplied with blood through the common iliac artery system.

Massage of the lower extremities consists of massaging the ankle and knee joints, toes, nerve trunks and thighs. When massaging the lower extremities, the patient should be in a horizontal position. Special rollers that can be placed under the shin and knee joints will help to relax the massaged muscles.

When massaging the foot, techniques similar to those used when massaging the hands and fingers are used. Stroking the plantar and dorsum of the foot with your fingers can alternate with semicircular rubbing. The movement of the massage therapist's hands should go along the lymphatic vessels towards the inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes. The massage begins with lightly stroking the toes and the back of the foot. At the next stage, stroking with weights is performed along the front surface of the lower leg to the popliteal lymph nodes. A beneficial effect on the human body will be produced by grasping and plane rubbing of the plantar surface, stroking the heel, rubbing and vibration of the entire sole. When massaging the lower extremities, you can use comb-shaped, circular, straight and streaked rubbing; tong-like and pressing kneading; patting, shaking and puncturing vibrations, as well as a series of passive gentle movements.

When massaging the ankle joint, it is best to use circular and plane stroking, some types of kneading and point vibration. When massaging the lower leg, it is recommended to use passive movements. During the massage, you can fix the lower limb with one hand, and carefully grab the foot with the other and rotate it clockwise for a while. When massaging the lower leg, comb-shaped, circular, straight-line rubbing, shading, and enveloping rubbing along the front and back surfaces are performed; tong-like and pressing kneading; patting, shaking, puncturing vibrations and shading.

Direction of basic massage movements on the lower extremities

When massaging the knee joint, circular and plane stroking is used; straight and circular rubbing, shifting of the patella; kneading technique - pressing; point vibration.

When massaging the thigh, stroking is performed (planar, grasping, comb-shaped, ironing) along the front, side, back surface; rubbing - straight, circular, spiral, sawing, crossing, planing, hatching; kneading - stretching, felting, longitudinal, transverse, pressing, sliding; vibrations – shaking of individual muscle groups, puncturing, tapping, patting, shaking, pinpoint shaking.

When massaging the gluteal muscles, stroking movements are made from the coccyx, sacrum and iliac crests to the lymph nodes of the groin, stroking is used - planar, grasping with weights; rubbing - straight circular, spiral, sawing, comb-shaped, hatching, planing, intersecting; kneading – longitudinal, transverse, pressing, shifting, stretching; vibrations – shaking, puncturing, patting, tapping, pinpointing.

When massaging the hip joint, it is recommended to first carry out active circular stroking of the pelvic area, and in the area between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter - circular stroking and rubbing, shading. The massage of the lower extremities ends with stroking.

Head massage

Head massage is recommended for diseases of the circulatory system, skin, cosmetic disorders, general fatigue, mental fatigue and hair loss. The massage is carried out in two stages: first the scalp is massaged, and then the face. The scalp is massaged along with the collar area for concussions and hypertension. The massage is performed while lying on your stomach or sitting.

The scalp contains many sebaceous and sweat glands. It is quite dense, but at the same time mobile. The arteries leaving the internal and external carotid arteries supply it with blood. Under the skin there are a large number of lymphatic vessels that descend from the crown to the lymph nodes located on the back of the head and behind the ears.

Massage of the scalp is carried out with the fingertips or the palmar surface, directing hand movements according to the direction of hair growth and excretory ducts of the glands from the forehead to the occipital part of the head and from the crown to the temporal region, performing the following techniques: stroking - planar, grasping, rake-shaped, ironing; rubbing – straight, circular, spiral; shading - intermittent pressure, shifting, stretching, pinching; vibrations – puncturing, labile, continuous, local point, linear.

Face massage

When massaging your face, you should take into account the increased sensitivity of the skin and its vulnerability. Full facial massage is divided into massage of the forehead, eye sockets, nose, cheeks, nasolabial folds and ears. During facial massage, the patient can sit or be in a horizontal position.

When massaging the frontal area, make movements with your hands towards the place where hair begins to grow, from the superciliary arches and from the middle of the forehead to the temporal areas, using stroking (planar, ironing); rubbing (linear, circular, spiral); shading; kneading (intermittent, forceps-like pressure, pinching with fingers I–II); vibration (punctuation, “finger shower”, local point and linear). When massaging the face, all techniques alternate with stroking, 4-5 passes are performed.

When massaging the orbital area, it is recommended to stroke (planar, forceps-shaped) towards the temporal lobes, from the bridge of the nose and brow ridges. Next, circular and linear rubbing, shading, kneading (forceps-like pressure), vibration (puncture, tapping with fingers, pinpoint) are used. Light movements along the periphery of the eyeball may alternate with gentle friction of the eyelid. It is recommended to use acupressure techniques.

When massaging the cheek area, stroking (planar, pincer-shaped, ironing) of the skin towards the neck and ears is used; rubbing (circular, straight, spiral, hatching, sawing); kneading (pincer-like, pressing, sliding, stretching); vibration (puncture, “finger shower”, acupressure).

Massage of the nasal area is performed by stroking (planar, forceps); rubbing (circular, straight, tong-shaped, hatching); kneading (pressure, forceps); vibration (punctuating, shaking, pinpoint). When performing all techniques, hand movements are directed from the tip of the nose to the bridge of the nose.

When massaging the area of ​​the chin and mouth, stroking is performed (planar, ironing, pincer-shaped), directed from the lower part of the jaw and corners of the mouth to the ears, from the nose to the earlobe; rubbing (circular, straight, spiral, hatching, forceps); kneading (pincer-like pressure, stretching, sliding); vibration (puncture, “finger shower”, patting); acupressure techniques. All techniques must alternate with stroking.

When massaging the nasolabial fold, movements are carried out from the lower part of the middle of the chin to the nasolabial folds to the wings of the nose.

Active and passive muscle stretching exercises

After prolonged rest or heavy physical exertion, damaged or fixed muscles noticeably weaken and lose their plasticity. The same effect can be observed with severe fatigue of muscle tissue. She loses excitability and contractility. When muscles are stretched, a large number of receptors are activated, the excitability of the muscle material and its blood supply increase. Therefore, a full range of massage exercises necessarily includes several stretching exercises.

Such exercises are generally contraindicated in patients with osteoporosis of the bones; people with any injuries to muscle and bone tissue; patients with hemophilia, meniscitis, with damage to the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint; with bone tuberculosis; capillary toxicosis; habitual dislocations; spondylelisthesis; paratheonitis of the Achilles tendon; coxarthrosis.

Active stretching exercises are performed by the patient without the direct assistance of a specialist. They include exercises to warm up the torso, lower and upper extremities. They can be performed several times during the day.

Passive stretching exercises are performed by a massage therapist and have a beneficial effect on the patient’s musculoskeletal system. They should be used after wound healing and for arthritis.

Passive exercises are performed with a small amplitude, gradually increasing the flexibility and strength of the span of the limbs.

There is no pain when performing these exercises. If massage exercises are performed incorrectly, an unpleasant sensation may appear in the part being kneaded.

Such exercises have become widespread among athletes and doctors. They can be used to warm up the muscles of the whole body and in the treatment of chronic diseases.

Many specialists have developed special sets of passive exercises for stretching muscles.

Exercise for the upper limbs and shoulder girdle.

1. I. p. - standing or sitting. One of the palms is placed on the neck. The massage therapist stands behind the patient and with one hand pulls his hand towards the shoulder, and with the other he pushes the patient’s bent elbow up. When the muscle tissue of the massaged arm is maximally stretched, it is necessary to take a short break (3–10 s). The patient can then lower their hand and shake it. It is recommended to repeat this exercise 3-5 times.

2. I. p. - the same. Both hands of the patient are placed on the back of the head, and the elbows are moved to the sides. The massage therapist stands behind the patient, takes his hands and, moving them back, tries to connect his shoulder blades. At maximum stretching, it is recommended to pause for 3–10 seconds, shake your arms and repeat the exercise 2–3 times.

3. I. p. - sitting on the floor. The patient's hands are placed on the back of the head. The massage therapist should grab the patient's elbows and try to lift him off the floor. For maximum stretching, it is recommended to pause for 3–10 seconds, shake your arms, then repeat the exercise 3–5 times.

4. I. p. - sitting on the floor with your hands locked above your head. The massage therapist slowly moves the patient's forearms back. The exercise should be repeated 3–5 times.

5. I. p. - sitting on the floor with your hands locked above your head. The massage therapist fixes the patient’s wrist joints with his palms and moves them back and up. At maximum stretching, it is recommended to pause for 3–10 seconds, shake your arms 2–7 times, then repeat the exercise 3–5 times.

6. I. p. - sitting on the floor with hands folded on knees. The massage therapist stands behind the patient and slowly tilts his head in different directions, overcoming the patient’s resistance. After some time, it is recommended to take a short break and repeat the exercise 3-5 times.

7. I. p. - sitting on the floor with hands clasped above his head. The massage therapist gradually, overcoming resistance, brings the patient’s elbows together in front of his face. At maximum stretching, it is recommended to take a short break, shake your arms, rub the muscles of your neck and shoulder girdle, then repeat the exercise 3-5 times.

Exercise for the lower limbs and torso.

1. I. p. - lying on your back on the floor. The massage therapist, standing at the patient’s feet, takes his foot by the toes and straightens it. At maximum stretching, it is recommended to pause for 3–10 seconds and repeat the exercise 3–5 times.

2. I. p. - lying on your back on the floor. The massage therapist, standing at the patient’s feet, simultaneously bends and extends both of his feet. Repeat the exercise 3-5 times, then stroke the ankle joint towards the groin and lightly shake the thigh muscles.

3. I. p. - lying on your back on the floor. The massage therapist slowly lifts the patient's straightened leg. With maximum muscle stretching, you need to lower your leg, pause for 5-10 seconds, and then repeat the exercise 3-5 times.

4. I. p. - lying on your back on the floor. The massage therapist is located at the side of the patient. The patient's arms should be spread to the sides, and the legs should be bent at the hip and knee joints. The masseur presses on his shoulder with one hand, and with the other moves his knees in the opposite direction. At maximum stretching, you need to pause for 5–10 seconds and perform this exercise on the other side, repeating it another 3–5 times.

5. I. p. - sitting on the floor. The massage therapist presses on the shoulders of the patient who is leaning forward, who at this time is trying to reach his feet with his fingers. With maximum muscle stretching, you need to pause for 3-10 seconds and then repeat the exercise 3-5 times.

6. I. p. - lying on your stomach on the floor. The massage therapist stands on the side of the patient and bends his leg at the knee joint, straightening and rotating his foot. For maximum stretching, it is recommended to leave the foot in a bent (90°) position, massage the calf muscle, pause briefly for 3-5 seconds and repeat the exercise 3-5 times.

During massage, it is recommended to make movements of the ankle joint, which will allow the Achilles tendon to move. This, in turn, leads to increased metabolism in tissues. The Achilles tendon is often injured, so special care should be taken when massaging it.

Types of massage

Today, in addition to classical methods, there are many unconventional methods of massage: cupping, acupressure, shiatsu, Indian, etc. Many of them help relieve shortness of breath and improve the well-being of asthma patients.

Indications for prescribing a massage depend on the period of the disease, the person’s condition, concomitant diseases, and many others. etc.

Before starting any type of massage, you need to consult with your doctor in order to choose the most effective methods and techniques. In addition, performing massage procedures requires knowledge of technical techniques and compliance with hygiene rules.

In addition to the basic techniques of traditional therapeutic massage, hygienic massage and self-massage can be used to prevent disease.

Massotherapy

Therapeutic massage is an effective method of treating various diseases. Depending on the nature of the functional disorders, it is used in a wide variety of modifications and has its own methodology, indications and contraindications. Therapeutic massage has a general and local effect. When performing a general massage, the entire body or most of it is massaged; when performing a local (private) massage, individual areas and parts of the body (hand, back, head, lower limbs, etc.).

There are seven types of therapeutic massage:

1) classic, which is used without taking into account reflex effects and is carried out close to the damaged area of ​​​​the body or directly on it;

2) reflex is carried out with the aim of reflex impact on the functional state of internal organs, using special techniques and influencing certain areas;

3) connective tissue is carried out taking into account the directions of Benninghoff’s lines, affecting the connective tissue and subcutaneous tissue;

4) periosteal massage, acting on points in a certain sequence, causes reflex changes in the periosteum;

The location of the lines of greatest tensile resistance of individual areas of the skin according to Benninghoff (front and back views)

5) acupressure – a type of therapeutic massage in which biologically active points or zones are locally affected, according to indications;

6) therapeutic self-massage is performed by the patient himself, using the recommendations of a doctor who chooses the most effective techniques;

7) hardware is carried out using vibration, vacuum, ultrasonic and many other devices (it is not discussed in this book).

There are four techniques in therapeutic massage: stroking, rubbing, kneading, vibration, and active-passive movements. We will consider the technique of classical therapeutic massage for bronchial asthma in the chapter called “Classical massage technique for bronchial asthma.”

Self-massage

Nowadays, it is not always possible to use the services of a professional massage therapist. In this case, self-massage can help. It is easy to learn and can be used in any environment. Of course, self-massage cannot replace a full-fledged therapeutic massage, but it is also quite effective.

Self-massage can be performed for therapeutic and hygienic purposes. Experts recommend a healing and restorative massage in the shower (at a water temperature of 36–38° C) using a stiff brush with a long handle. It accelerates metabolic processes in the body, helps relieve fatigue, increase efficiency and improves mood.

Self-massage has the same contraindications as regular massage. Before using it, it is best for people with chronic diseases to consult a doctor. In addition, massage has a number of disadvantages. First of all, it requires a significant expenditure of muscle energy, which is an additional burden on the heart and respiratory organs, causing the accumulation of metabolic products in the body. Due to the fact that the reflex field is significantly narrowed, it is impossible to apply a number of manipulations in inaccessible areas of the body, thereby limiting the effect of massage on the body. In addition, the muscles cannot be completely relaxed. Despite the disadvantages, self-massage also has its advantages. It can be performed in any conditions and at any time. It allows you to choose the most comfortable position, makes it possible to dose the force of the impact and combine it with other procedures. Knowing the basics of targeted effects, you can effectively prevent various functional disorders and diseases.

Self-massage can be general (15–20 min.) and local (3–5 min.). Its duration depends on the task at hand.

Self-massage is performed in the following sequence: thigh, knee, lower leg, foot, neck, chest, side of the neck, shoulder girdle, forearms, hands, fingers, back of the neck and head, upper spine, collar area, lower thoracic spine, back, lumbosacral region, pelvis, abdomen.

Rules for self-massage:

1. It is necessary that massage movements do not cause painful or unpleasant sensations or damage the skin. During the massage you should feel a feeling of warmth and relaxation.

2. You cannot massage the lymph nodes. Movements are performed towards them, taking into account the flow of lymph flow: the upper limbs are massaged towards the elbow and axillary lymph nodes; lower limbs - towards the inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes; the chest is massaged in front and to the sides towards the armpits; neck - towards the supraclavicular lymph nodes; lumbar and sacral regions - towards the inguinal lymph nodes.

3. When self-massage, you can use products that promote better gliding of your hands or pain relief, but you can do without them. In some cases, self-massage can be performed through thin cotton underwear.

4. The room for massage should be well ventilated and warm.

5. The massage is carried out in a position in which it is possible to relax not only the massaged area, but also the entire body.

There are several types of self-massage: hygienic, hygienic, performed using a mechanical massager, performed in a bath or sauna (it is contraindicated for bronchial asthma), and therapeutic.

Techniques used for self-massage

Self-massage techniques are performed in the following sequence: stroking, rubbing, kneading, vibration.

The massage begins with stroking. It has a calming effect on the body and nervous system, increases blood and lymph flow, increases skin temperature, exfoliates the dead layer of skin cells, resulting in improved secretion of the skin glands and the supply of cells with nutrients.

Stroking is performed either with one hand or with both. When self-massage, you can use arbitrary direct stroking in a straight line, circular spiral and combined. With continuous stroking, movements are made with two hands: at the time when one hand finishes the movement, the other begins, while one hand can move rectilinearly, and the other perform forward circular movements. The massage begins and ends with stroking.

After stroking, you should perform a squeezing technique. It seems to squeeze out venous blood and lymph from the vessels of the skin, underlying tissues and muscles, freeing them for fresh arterial blood rich in oxygen and nutrients. When performing the technique, the thumb must be pressed against the index finger so that a soft “cushion” forms on the palm side of the hand. The brush is directed over the area to be massaged from the periphery to the center in a sliding motion.

Neck stroking technique

After a correctly performed technique, following the stroke of the hand, the skin should turn pale. Since squeezing has a stimulating effect, after performing it you should perform 1-2 stroking techniques.

The next technique - rubbing - is carried out vigorously. It is typically used on areas with moderate blood supply (joints, tendons, outer thighs, heels, soles).

Rubbing has a warming effect on tissue, as it dilates blood vessels, dissolves various seals and reduces inflammatory processes in joints, joint capsules and tendons.

During self-massage, rubbing is done with palms moving parallel to each other in opposite directions, displacing the skin and underlying tissues. The following techniques are recommended for self-massage: sawing, crossing and spiral rubbing.

Sawing has a deeper effect on the tissue and is performed with the edge of the palm, similar to alternate rubbing. The intersection is carried out on hard-to-reach areas of the body (lateral surfaces of the chest, back of the thigh, etc.). To perform it, the thumb is moved away from the other four tightly clenched fingers and massaged with the surface of the formed angle. Spiral rubbing can be done with one or all fingers, as well as with a fist, with or without weights. With this type of rubbing, the hand moves in a circular motion, shifting the skin and underlying tissue, gradually moving in a spiral.

One of the main techniques - kneading - takes half the massage time. It increases the speed of blood flow, efficiency, relieves fatigue, improves the elasticity of all tissues (skin, muscles, blood vessels). Fast superficial kneading has a tonic effect, and slow deep kneading has a calming effect.

When performing self-massage, you can use the following kneading techniques: semicircular, transversely intermittent, transversely continuous, rolling, sliding and pressing.

When kneading semicircularly with one hand, the motionless thumb is moved to the side, the other four clenched fingers and the palm make a circular movement towards the thumb, first grabbing the fabric into the fold, and then releasing it, moving slightly forward, and repeating the movement again.

Transverse continuous kneading is carried out with both hands, which follow one after the other, alternately moving the fold of tissue in waves from the periphery to the center. The reception is carried out with the hands tightly adjacent to the body with the thumbs retracted, as with semicircular kneading. With transverse intermittent kneading, the fold is not held, and after each technique the hand releases it, then the next section is grabbed with the other hand. Transverse kneading is performed across the limbs or perpendicular to the torso.

Kneading technique

When rolling, the palm makes a circular motion, rolling the fabric fold onto the fist or fingers of the other hand, and when sliding the hands, the palm rests on the edge, gripping and rubbing the fabric between the hands. The shift is performed by stretching the muscle and pressing it against the nearby bone. The technique can be performed with a fist, all fingers, or just the thumb. Pressure is used in both classical and acupressure massage. This technique relieves muscle tension. Pressure can be applied with a fist, palm, thumb or all other fingers.

Vibration is a rather difficult technique to perform. It is divided into intermittent and continuous (shaking, nudging and shaking) vibration.

Intermittent vibration during self-massage includes the techniques of chopping, patting and effleurage. They increase muscle contractility and accelerate blood flow.

Since intermittent vibrations have a stimulating effect on the nervous system, it is recommended to perform them in the morning. In addition, these techniques dilate the bronchi and enhance respiratory excursions of the chest, so they must be included in the self-massage complex for bronchial asthma and bronchopulmonary diseases.

Tapping is done with the edge of the hand. The force of the blow is regulated by muscle tension, that is, the more tense the muscles of the hand are, the stronger the reception will be. Patting is performed with a relaxed hand with slightly bent fingers, and when hitting the skin, the base of the palm and the pads of the fingers come into contact. Chopping is done with the edge of the palm, rhythmically, with a frequency of 3 beats per second. When chopping, the blow is applied with the little finger, and the fan-shaped fingers are connected to each other at this time.

Continuous vibration has an analgesic effect. In addition, it activates blood circulation, restoration processes in tissues and stimulates metabolism. The technique can be performed with the pads of one or more fingers, and, if necessary, with one or two palms. Shakes are produced with separate fingers or hands, directing movements in different directions.

Shake to finish the massage. It is performed only on the upper and lower extremities. For example, when performing a technique in a standing position, after massaging a leg, the center of gravity is transferred to the other, and the free limb is placed on the toe and shaken so that the muscles on the lower leg and thigh quiver. When performing the technique in a lying position, it is better to bend your legs at the knee joints and shake the muscles, bringing and spreading your knees. Shaking has a calming effect on the nervous system and relaxes muscles.

Self-massage of individual body parts

The most important thing when doing self-massage is to follow the sequence of techniques. It is best to start learning techniques from individual areas, and only after properly mastering the massage technique can you move on to general self-massage. The duration of a local massage, as a rule, takes from 2 to 10 minutes, general – 20–25 minutes.

General self-massage is performed in the following order: lower limbs, neck, chest, shoulder girdle, upper limbs, back, stomach, head and face.

Massage of the lower extremities. The legs bear most of the load when walking and standing. Good health largely depends on the tone of the leg muscles. Anatomically, the lower limbs are divided into three main areas: the thigh, lower leg, foot and two joints - the knee and ankle.

Self-massage of the lower extremities begins with the large thigh muscle. It is carried out in a sitting position, and if necessary, the leg is placed on another chair with support on the heel. The basic techniques - stroking, rubbing, kneading and vibration - are carried out with one hand or alternately with the right and left with weights. Massage movements are directed from the knee joint up to the groin fold. The back, side and inner surfaces of the thigh are massaged in the direction from the knee to the inguinal lymph node, using all techniques. Shaking the thigh muscles is done in a lying position with both hands, bending your knees.

The massage begins with stroking, which is carried out with both hands alternately. Squeezing on the front surface of the thigh can be done along several parallel lines with weights. The next technique - kneading - is carried out with both one and two hands, using semicircular, transversely intermittent kneading. Next, you can perform a shake and finish the thigh massage with stroking.

Self-massage of the thigh

On the back of the thigh, stroking, kneading and shaking are used, directing movements from the knee up to the groin. Finish the massage with stroking.

The knee joint can be massaged while sitting. The leg being massaged should be bent at the knee at a right angle, and if necessary, it can be placed on a low bench. All movements when massaging the knee are directed to the popliteal fossa, and the kneecap itself cannot be massaged. During the massage, stroking with two hands is used, rubbing the lateral surfaces in all directions with the edge and base of the palm, and the comb of the hand bent into a fist. Finish the massage with stroking and active flexion and extension of the knee joint.

The lower leg muscles are massaged in a sitting position, with the leg bent at the knee, with one or two hands. The massage begins with stroking. Then squeezing and kneading (semicircular or transversely intermittent) are carried out. When massaging the back surface of the leg, all movements are directed from the heel tubercle upward, to the popliteal region. Massage of the front part of the lower leg is carried out from the toes upward, to the popliteal area. When massaging the lower leg, a combined technique is often used, when the muscles are kneaded with one hand and stroked with the other. Shaking the calf muscle is carried out by performing oscillatory movements of the muscles to the sides. Finish the massage by stroking from the ankle to the knee.

Massage of the front surface of the lower leg is carried out from the ankle joint to the knee. The Achilles tendon is massaged by placing the heel on the knee of the free leg.

Self-massage of the lower leg

When rubbing the tendon, the hand is positioned so that the thumb is on top and the rest are below.

The foot contains not only muscles, joints and ligaments, but also important reflexogenic zones, so self-massage of the foot is an excellent preventive measure. Massage of the foot and ankle joint is carried out in a sitting position and begins with rubbing the fingers, circular stroking over the entire surface of the joint, paying special attention to the inner and outer areas of the ankles, the heel tubercle and the place of attachment of the heel tendon. All movements are directed from the toes to the heel. The foot is stroked in a comb-like manner with one or two hands, and the plantar surface is massaged with the base of the palm, fist, and phalanges of bent fingers.

When massaging the ankle joint, stroking and forceps-like rubbing are performed. After massaging one leg in this sequence, move on to the other. Full foot massage, the so-called Indian, is discussed in more detail in the chapter on non-traditional types of massage.

Self-massage of the chest. When massaging the chest, you should take into account the anatomical differences between men and women.

Self-massage is performed while sitting, with the free hand placed on the thigh. The men's chest is massaged alternately, first on one side, then on the other, using all techniques. First, several strokes are carried out from the navel to the collarbone, without touching the nipple. The pectoral muscle is massaged from its attachment to the axillary region. Squeezing is done along two lines below the nipple and along three parallel lines above the nipple to the collarbone. Rubbing the intercostal muscles is done with one or two hands. You can use the heel of your palm to rub the chest muscles along the ribs.

Self-massage of the lateral surface of the chest

Rubbing the hypochondrium is carried out while lying on your back with your legs bent. All movements are directed to the axillary lymph nodes to the level of the diaphragm, performed with the pads of the fingers in a straight or circular direction. Then you need to return up to the sternum and rub it in a circular motion with the heel of your palm. The pectoral muscles should be stretched with the base of the palm and shaken with the phalanges of the fingers. Finish self-massage of the chest with stroking.

The massage technique for women differs in that their mammary glands are never massaged. Therefore, they rub the intercostal spaces below the mammary glands, the sternum and pectoral muscles above the mammary glands. Massaging the upper third of the chest strengthens the pectoral muscle, improving the shape of the breasts.

Self-massage of the upper limbs. The upper limbs can be roughly divided into the hand (from the fingertips to the wrist), the forearm (from the wrist to the elbow) and the shoulder (from the elbow to the shoulder joint). Massage of the upper limbs is carried out in a sitting position and starts from the shoulder joint. The shoulder, first the front surface and then the back, is massaged in the direction from the elbow joint to the shoulder joint. On the front surface, stroking, the hand clasps the massaged area so that the thumb is on the inside and the rest on the outside. The next technique - squeezing - is done only from the outside, along two or three parallel lines. Semicircular kneading is performed on the front surface of the shoulder, with the massaging hand grasping the muscle between the thumb and other fingers and actively kneading it. Finish the massage of the front surface of the shoulder with shaking and stroking. The back surface of the shoulder (triceps) is massaged by freely lowering this arm, using stroking, squeezing, kneading and shaking, directing movements from the elbow joint to the shoulder joint.

The upper shoulder (deltoid muscle) is massaged with the arm bent at the elbow and the elbow resting on the table or back of a chair. When massaging the upper shoulder, the same techniques are used as when massaging the front surface of the shoulder. Without changing the position of the hand, massage the shoulder joint. It is rubbed with fingertips around the deltoid muscle. In front - from the armpit to the shoulder girdle. Finish the massage with active or passive movements in all directions.

When massaging the elbow joint, the hand is turned with the palmar surface facing upward. The joint is rubbed in all directions. The forearm is massaged first from the palmar area, then from the back. When self-massaging the forearm, stroking is used with a tightly pressed palm from the wrist to the elbow; then squeezing - in two or three areas, with the tubercle of the thumb pressed to the index finger; kneading - with the thumb (the rest are on the outer surface of the forearm), moving from the periphery to the center. The same techniques are performed on the outside of the forearm. The wrist joint is stroked and rubbed in all directions.

Hand massage begins with stroking the back surface, from the nails to the wrist joint. Then vigorous squeezing is carried out with the edge of the palm, kneading with the pads of the fingers, the base of the palm and the fist, sawing in all directions and kneading with the base or edge of the palm. The palm is massaged immediately after squeezing. Then, spiral rubbing is carried out with the fingertips towards the wrist, semicircular kneading and ending with stroking.

Shoulder self-massage

The fingers massage each one separately, focusing on the lateral and internal surfaces. The massage begins and ends by stroking from the fingertips to the palm. Then they rub it with two fingers – the thumb and forefinger, grasping the massaged finger in the “pincers” and rotating them. Rubbing the lateral surfaces of the fingers is performed simultaneously on both hands with the fingers grasped in a “lock”. Finish the finger massage with active flexion and extension of all fingers at the interphalangeal joints. After self-massage of one limb, they move to the other, performing the massage in this sequence, finally using passive and active movements in all joints.

Self-massage of the neck. The neck muscles receive the least load, and therefore their blood supply and nutrition are much worse than the rest of the body. Consequently, age-related changes in them are much more pronounced. To prevent premature aging of the skin and neck muscles, massage should be used.

Massage of the back of the neck is performed while standing or sitting. Stroking is carried out with both hands, moving the palms in the direction from top to bottom, that is, from the border of hair growth to the shoulder joints. When performing techniques, your hands should be pressed tightly to the skin. Squeezing is done with the edges of both palms along the same lines as stroking. Then, with the fingertips of both hands, rub along the line of the back of the head from ear to ear in straight circular movements, directing the hands towards each other.

In the area of ​​the greater occipital nerve and mastoid process, deep kneading is performed, directing movements from top to bottom.

Finish the neck massage by stroking with one hand, movements directed towards the shoulder.

The surface of the neck is massaged, making all movements with the palmar surface from top to bottom, towards the collarbones, focusing on the inner surface of the sternomastoid muscles. On the neck muscles, stroking, rubbing and kneading are used with one or two hands. It should be taken into account that it is not recommended to massage the carotid arteries and veins (especially in older people).

Begin the massage with gentle stroking, performing movements from the lower jaw to the chest. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that during the procedure the skin under the arm should not move. Then, just as gently, you need to stretch the sides of the neck from the earlobe to the jugular fossa. On the lateral surface of the neck is the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which is attached behind the ear and can be easily felt when turning the head. It is kneaded with the thumb and other fingers, grasping and carefully “crushing” the muscle, or rubbed in a circular motion.

Massaging the front of the neck is a good way to prevent sore throat. It is performed by grasping the throat with the right hand so that the thumb is on one side and all the rest are on the other. Making circular movements, the hand moves down, from the jaw to the collarbone. Then the same operation is repeated with the other hand. After each technique (it is performed 4-6 times), you need to sharply tilt your head down until your chin touches your chest. You can only rub the sides of the neck, since the thyroid gland is located in the middle.

Self-massage of the collar area. The collar area is located in the upper back and is massaged only after a massage of the shoulder girdle, since access to it is very limited. When performing techniques, the massaging hand is supported with your free hand. Massage of the collar zone normalizes many functions and systems of the body, in particular it stabilizes blood pressure.

Stroking is performed by directing movements from the hair growth line down and sideways to the shoulder joint. Then squeeze with the tubercle of the thumb or the base of the palm, performing each technique 3-4 times.

Semicircular kneading is combined with head tilts left-right, back-and-forth and circular (first clockwise and then counterclockwise). The massage ends, as usual, with stroking.

Self-massage of the back and lumbar region. The lumbar region can be massaged in any comfortable position. Stroking is done from the bottom up and to the side simultaneously with both hands, making 5-6 strokes. Then, with vigorous movements from the spine with palms, fingertips or fists, rubbing is performed in the same direction. After rubbing, you need to make several tilts of the body to the right and left and circular movements, first clockwise and then counterclockwise. Finish the massage with stroking.

The gluteal muscles are massaged while standing or lying on your side, using all techniques. In a standing position, you need to keep your leg on some kind of support in order to relax the muscles. The right gluteal muscle is massaged with the right hand, the left one with the left. Movements are directed to the inguinal lymph nodes.

Massage of the hip joint is performed in a standing position, transferring the body weight to the opposite leg. Only two techniques are used over the joint area - stroking and spiral rubbing.

Self-massage of the back muscles is performed in a sitting or standing position. First, the lower thoracic spine and back are massaged. Massage movements are directed from the lower back upward, to the lower corner of the shoulder blade. When stroking, the palm is turned upward so that the thumbs are in front and the rest are adjacent to the back. Then pressing is done with a fist from the side of the thumb ridge and rubbing using the back of the hand. When kneading with the back of your fist, you should try to raise your hands as high as possible.

Kneading the trapezius muscle is done with both hands alternately. Movements are directed from the mastoid process to the edge of the trapezius muscle. Finish the massage with stroking. After the massage, doctors recommend rubbing your back with a hard towel. First, the towel is placed vertically and then horizontally, rubbing the back from top to bottom.

Self-massage of the abdomen. Abdominal massage strengthens the abdominal muscles and eliminates fat deposits. They complete the general massage, using all techniques that are carried out clockwise from right to left.

Abdominal massage is most effective when lying on your back with your knees and hips bent. Stroking is done by moving clockwise from the right half of the abdomen to the left, gradually increasing the pressure. Rubbing is done with both hands with the comb of a hand bent into a fist, directing movements from the hypochondrium down and back, as well as to the right and left. First, knead the rectus abdominis muscles (located in the center), and then the lateral oblique muscles. On the rectus muscles, you can use transverse-intermittent, transverse-continuous, semicircular (with one hand) kneading and rolling techniques. On the oblique muscles running from the ribs to the pelvis, it is better to use only semicircular kneading, since the proximity of the intestines does not allow deeper techniques. After kneading, you should perform a vibration technique - shaking. To perform it, the palms are placed in the lower abdomen, the fingers are closed into a “lock”, as if supporting the abdomen, and with frequent up and down movements they make it vibrate. Performing this technique in water gives the greatest effect. At the end of the massage, the stomach is stroked in a circular motion clockwise. The procedure is completed with diaphragmatic breathing. If desired, you can use breathing exercises.

Self-massage of the head. Head massage strengthens hair roots, increasing blood flow to the hair follicle and improving hair nutrition. The head is massaged in a sitting or standing position for 3–5 minutes. morning and evening every other day. All movements are performed in the direction of hair growth, that is, from the crown down to the neck and ears. During the massage, the head is slightly tilted forward and down. The front of the head is massaged with the pads of the fingers in a straight line, in a circle, from the scalp of the forehead to the back of the head.

Rubbing (straight, circular or spiral) is carried out with fingertips, as when washing your hair, starting from the crown and going down to the neck, ears and eyebrows. When performing massage movements, the skin needs to be shifted and stretched. Finally, you should perform several strokes and rub the temple areas in a circular motion. Kneading can be done with the bases of your palms, pressing them tightly to the skin. The final stage of the massage is tapping with your fingertips over the entire surface of the head from the crown down.

Self-massage of the face and front of the head. The skin of the face is the most delicate and is most exposed to adverse external influences. To prevent early wrinkles, you can use cosmetic self-massage of the face. Since facial skin is thinner than other areas of the body, improper massage can displace or damage it, leading to new wrinkles. Therefore, rubbing, kneading and continuous vibration are not performed on the face.

Before the massage, you should cleanse your skin, wash your hands thoroughly, and apply nourishing cream to your face. Massage duration is 15 minutes, 5 minutes each. for each area - forehead, cheeks and eye sockets.

The forehead is massaged with fingertips, from the middle of the forehead to the temples. Using the palmar surface, stroke the forehead alternately with one hand and then with the other from the eyebrows to the hairline to the right and left. First, stroking is done in the area of ​​the bridge of the nose, then above the eyebrow and temples. Then several strokes are made in the corners of the eyes.

The orbicularis oculi muscle is massaged along the lower edge of the muscle to the inner corner of the eye, then movements go to the eyebrow and to the temple.

Stroking in the mouth area is carried out in the direction of the tragus of the ear. At the end, the muscles of the forehead, cheeks, masticatory muscles and the exit site of the trigeminal nerve are rubbed. Finish the facial massage with light stroking.

General self-massage

All self-massage techniques are simple. You just need a little skill in the sequence of their implementation, and after 5-7 sessions you can easily master the entire technique. After self-massage, if done correctly, you will feel lightness, a surge of strength, vigor, your mood will rise and you will feel a sense of satisfaction from the procedure. The main focus during the procedure should be on breathing. This will be much easier to do if you master a set of breathing exercises.

The duration of a general or complete self-massage session is 20–25 minutes, and the time is distributed as follows: 8 minutes. – lower limbs, 6 min. – torso, 6 min. - upper limbs.

Self-massage can be performed in the morning and evening, but in the morning you should use tonic techniques, and in the evening - soothing ones. Tonic techniques include percussive techniques and rubbing, and soothing techniques include stroking, kneading and continuous vibration.

Depending on the goals of self-massage, its technique may be different. It is necessary to start with the area that most needs massage, and in this case less time is allocated to massage the rest of the body.

After a self-massage session, it is necessary to carry out water or water-hardening procedures. For this purpose, you can use douches, contrast showers, wiping with a damp towel, etc.

Self-massage for bronchial asthma

Self-massage for bronchial asthma is carried out during the period of remission. Its main task is to normalize blood circulation in the bronchi, stabilize respiratory function, improve lung ventilation, promote the liquefaction and discharge of sputum, reduce cough, and eliminate spasm of the bronchial muscles.

Before performing self-massage, it is necessary to consult with your doctor to correctly select techniques and develop a methodology.

For asthma, massage the collar area, back, then the chest and respiratory muscles (sternocleidomastoid, intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles). The duration of the massage is no more than 15 minutes.

The course, depending on the patient’s condition, should be prescribed by a doctor.

Self-massage goes well with breathing and health exercises, water and hardening procedures, about which it is also better to consult with your doctor.

Hygienic massage

Hygienic massage is an effective means for preventing diseases and maintaining performance. It is used to maintain the standard of living, tone the body, promote health and prevent diseases in the form of general, private massage or self-massage.

Hygienic massage can be used as an independent procedure or in combination with physical therapy. It can be performed at any time of the day, but, of course, it is preferable in the morning. After all, it is in the morning hours that the body needs additional stimulation during the transition from sleep to wakefulness.

The role of hygienic massage can hardly be overestimated. It enhances blood and lymph circulation, normalizes the psycho-emotional state and prepares a person for the upcoming work. Under the influence of massage, breathing becomes deeper, muscle elasticity increases, the functioning of internal organs is normalized and the overall tone of the body increases.

General hygienic massage takes from 15 to 30 minutes. In this case, a certain sequence should be followed. First the neck and back are massaged, then the legs, chest, stomach and lastly the arms. General massage is performed 2-3 times a week, and private massage is performed daily.

The choice of certain techniques depends on the time of the massage. Morning massage is carried out after sleep or morning exercises, evening massage - 1-2 hours before bedtime. In the morning, stimulating techniques are recommended (kneading, rubbing, vibration and percussion techniques), in the evening - soothing techniques (stroking, shaking and shallow kneading).

Of the rubbing techniques, the most commonly used are rubbing with weights, rubbing with the base of the palm, and with the pads of the fingers; kneading – single and double ring; vibrations – labile and shaking of muscles.

When performing a hygienic massage, it is necessary to take into account the age, gender of the person being massaged and the state of health at the time of the procedures; the first massage techniques should be gentle and short-lived; the number of techniques used and their intensity must be changed periodically to prevent addiction; After the massage you need to rest for 20–30 minutes.

Hygienic self-massage using a mechanical track massager

Hygienic massage can be performed using a manual track massager.

The massager is used in almost any conditions: at home, during a break at work, on a hike. Massage with its help can be carried out through clothing, but, of course, a greater effect is achieved when massaging the naked body.

The usual course of massage is 15–20 procedures, after which you should take a break for 10–12 days.

Self-massage begins from the back. To do this, take the massager by the handles and place it behind your back. In this case, one hand is at the top and the other is at the bottom. The massager is pulled up with some pressure, and down without pressure, making 5-7 movements, after which the position of the hands is changed. Next, the massager is installed across the lumbar region and moved in the right-to-left direction, massaging the area from the pelvis to the armpits, making 5-7 movements.

The cervical region is massaged by tilting the head forward, from the scalp to the shoulder blades, making 7 to 20 movements with the massager.

The chest can be massaged in different directions, but the greatest positive effect is achieved when moving diagonally. 4-6 movements are made in each direction, which are repeated 2-3 times.

They begin to massage the pelvic area from below, from the subgluteal folds to the iliac crests, making 7–8 movements with the massager. The thighs can be massaged while standing or sitting. Movements begin from the knee joint, reaching the inguinal or subgluteal fold, grabbing the lateral surfaces of the thighs, making 5-7 movements.

To massage the lower leg, you need to place your leg on an elevation. Massage movements begin from the foot, rising to the popliteal area. Then the front part of the lower leg is massaged, placing the massager along the muscle fibers. When massaging the lower leg, it is recommended to perform 5-7 movements.

The procedure is completed with an abdominal massage, which is performed in a sitting or standing position.

With a massager located across the lower abdomen, you need to make 6-7 movements 3-4 times, moving up to the chest area.