Incredible facts

Probably, most people who have graduated from school a long time ago will not be able to immediately answer the difference between the Arctic, Antarctica and Antarctica - where are they located and how do they differ?

Many doubt it mainly because of the similarity of names and almost identical climatic conditions.

We can only say with certainty that there is a lot of snow, ice and icebergs in both places.

How are the Arctic, Antarctic and Antarctica similar to each other?

To better understand how they are similar and how they differ, it’s worth starting with what these places have in common.

Name

To be more precise, this is not a similarity, but rather a contrast.

The word "Arctic" is of Greek origin. "Arktos" means "bear". This is connected with the constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, which people use to navigate in search of the North Star, that is, the main northern landmark.

The word "Antarctica" was invented quite recently, or rather in the twentieth century. The history of its origin is not so interesting. The fact is that “Antarctica” is a combination of two words “anti” and “Arctic”, that is, the part opposite to the Arctic, or bear.

Climate

Perpetual snow and icebergs are the result of harsh climate conditions. This is the second similarity between the above territories.

However, it is worth noting that the similarity is not entirely complete, since the Arctic climate is still milder due to warm currents that extend quite far along north coast continent of Eurasia. Here the minimum temperature exceeds minimum temperature Antarctica.

What is the difference between the Arctic, Antarctica and Antarctica?

Arctic

The northern polar region of our planet, which is adjacent to the North Pole.

The Arctic includes the outskirts of two continents - North America and Eurasia.

The Arctic includes almost the entire Arctic Ocean and many islands in it (except for the coastal islands of Norway).

The Arctic includes adjacent parts of two oceans - the Pacific and the Atlantic.

The average temperature in the Arctic is -34 C.

Arctic (photo)

Antarctic

This is the south polar region of our planet. As already mentioned, its name can be translated as “opposite to the Arctic.”

Antarctica includes the mainland of Antarctica and the adjacent parts of three oceans - the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian, along with the islands.

Antarctica is the harshest climatic zone on Earth. Both the mainland and nearby islands are covered with ice.

The average temperature in Antarctica is -49 C.

Antarctica on the map

Antarctica (photo)

Antarctica

The continent that is located in the southernmost part of the globe.

Antarctica on the map

Simply put:

Antarctica and Antarctica

1. Antarctica is the mainland. The area of ​​this continent is 14.1 million square meters. km., which puts it in 5th place in area among all continents. It has surpassed only Australia in this parameter. Antarctica is a deserted continent discovered by the Lazarev-Bellingshausen expedition in 1820.

2. Antarctica is a territory that includes both the continent of Antarctica itself, and all the islands adjacent to this continent and the waters of three oceans - the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian. According to foreign scientists who call the Antarctic waters the Southern Ocean, the area of ​​Antarctica is about 86 million square meters. km.

3. Relief Antarctica is much more diverse than the topography of the continent that is part of it.

In the VKontakte group NORDAVIA - Regional Airlines posted a message: Quote:

New flight: Murmansk - Arctic - Arkhangelsk. Currently, tour operators and government officials are actively discussing the issue of developing Arctic tourism. In particular, a completely new route is being discussed - tourists arrive in Murmansk, from where they go to the vastness of the Russian Arctic, and end the trip in Arkhangelsk. We believe that this area of ​​tourism is very promising, and therefore we carried out a set of works to study the capabilities of the Boeing 737 aircraft in terms of landing on Arctic ice. There is successful experience of similar operation of aircraft of this type in the world, on the basis of which we decided on the possibility of such flights. The North is perhaps the most underrated region by tourists. It is full of majestic beauty, tranquility and grace. At the same time, its effective development has always been associated with aviation, and its modern development made flights over the Arctic as comfortable and safe as in other parts of our planet. In the near future, we will complete all approvals with tour operators, and the new product will be offered to potential consumers. Experience all the beauty of the North with us!

Most people took this as April Fool's joke. Yes, maybe the group administrators themselves created this message as banter. Although, someone believed it, deciding that flights were planned all the way to the North Pole itself. But that's not the point. It turns out that people don’t know that there really are flights to the Arctic? After all, what is included in the Arctic region of Russia: The Arctic zone of Russia is a part of the Arctic that is under the sovereignty and jurisdiction of the Russian Federation. Part Arctic zone Russia includes such territories of constituent entities of the Russian Federation as the Kola, Lovozersky, Pechenga districts, closed administrative-territorial formations of Zaozersk, Ostrovnoy, Skalisty, Snezhnogorsk, the cities of. Polyarny and Severomorsk Murmansk region, Murmansk; Belomorsky district of the Republic of Karelia, Nenets Autonomous Okrug; Mezensky, Leshukonsky, Onega, Pinezhsky, Primorsky, Solovetsky districts, Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk region, Arkhangelsk; Vorkuta, Komi Republic; Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug; Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug; Norilsk Krasnoyarsk Territory; Allaikhovsky, Abyisky, Bulunsky, Verkhnekolymsky, Nizhnekolymsky, Oleneksky, Ust-Yansky, Gorny uluses of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); Chukotka Autonomous Okrug; Olyutorsky district of Koryak Autonomous Okrug. Okay, Vorkuta, Naryan-Mar... But for example, to Amderma, Tiksi, Anadyr - passenger planes fly only this way, and this is the Arctic, without any kind there. Don't people know about this? Or does only the North Pole, and the Polar Region with Wrangel, Taimyr and Novaya Zemlya consider the Arctic? Or maybe we need to directly create “tourist products” and announce “here’s your opportunity to fly to the Arctic” so that people get the message?

There is snow outside the window, and we choose the Arctic theme for the next drawing. For a child this is a whole journey. An adult can convey a lot of knowledge about the world around him in a playful way.

The Arctic is very beautiful and very cold

To understand how to draw the Arctic, get to know it better.

Even adults do not know that the polar bear does not live with penguins. Because they live on opposite ends of the Earth.

You can look at photographs of animals and birds living in the Arctic in books or on the Internet with your child.

The main attractions of the Arctic are, of course, the polar bear and the northern lights.

Tell your child about the polar day and polar night. Look at photos of the northern lights together. Pay attention to the shape, colors. Explain to your child what this phenomenon is and why it occurs in the Arctic.

Read in a book or on the Internet how a polar bear lives. Look at the picture carefully. What does he look like? How exactly is this bear different from others? The value of drawing lies precisely in the fact that it develops observation skills. The child learns to analyze.

Getting ready to draw

This time the Arctic drawing is done with pastel crayons.

You will need:

• black paper;
• a special eraser that erases pastels (called a klyachka);
• pastel crayons;
• photo or drawing of a polar bear walking.

Notice to the child that the polar bear's body resembles a pear that lies on its side. What color are the eyes and nose of the animal? Consider with your child how powerful the bear's paws are. Let the child trace the outline of the bear's body several times with his finger. If possible, print the drawing on a printer. Then you can trace with a pencil many times. This is how the hand gets used to coordination.

Now you decide how to draw the Arctic. It will be a polar night. Beautiful northern lights and stars. And a white bear is walking through the snow.

Drawing in stages

An adult helps a little, for example, draws the connection of the paws with the body, erases unnecessary lines.

1. We draw the bear's body as a lying pear. Let's finish drawing the paws. The bear walks, does not hang in space, and does not fly. So, you need to draw a path for it.
2. Now the contours of ice hummocks (blocks of ice) are next. Let's pretend.
3. Let's paint the bear.
4. Let's turn the leaf upside down. Let's start with the northern lights. It is usually green, but occasionally there are wonderful flashes of color. Its lines are drawn vertically, because that is how it is in nature. Let's start drawing yellow. Using your little finger, lightly rub the broken tape along the strokes. We got a glow.
5. Adding other colors to the Northern Lights. It can be blue, orange, green. Don't forget to grind.
6. Let's color the hummocks. Let's use white and blue pastels to show the unevenness of the ice.
7. Draw black eyes and nose. Let's put dots in the sky with white chalk. These are the stars. Let's outline the bear well, also with white chalk. This way it is better visible against the background.
8. We color the surface of the ice on which the bear is walking. There are light and shaded areas. We paint them with white and blue crayons. Tell your child about the shadow. If there is sunshine outside, then you can show it.

The picture is ready. Let's make up a story about it.

This is how the Arctic turned out. A child of six or seven years old can easily draw a picture. And new travels across countries and continents lie ahead!

Using the textbook map, shade on the contour map ( The world 4th grade, p. 36-37) zone of Arctic deserts. To select a color, you can use the “key” below: several rectangles are given here to more accurately select the color.

The Wise Turtle invites you to a mini exam: Do you know the living world of the Arctic deserts? Cut out the pictures from the Appendix and arrange them correctly. Test yourself with the drawing in the textbook. After self-test, paste the pictures.

Check your work in class. Who passed the exam with "excellent" marks? Who made the mistakes?

Lichen	polar poppy	Gull
Guillemot	Polar bear	Seal

Draw a diagram of a food chain typical of the Arctic desert. Compare it with the diagram proposed by your desk neighbor. Using these diagrams, talk about ecological connections in the Arctic desert zone.

Think about what ecological problems, which arose in the Arctic desert zone, are expressed by these signs. Formulate and write down.

Suggest conservation measures for class discussion that would help solve these problems.

Seryozha and Nadya’s dad drew a poster “The Red Book of Russia” (at the end of the notebook).
It shows rare plants and animals from different natural zones. Find the animals of the Arctic desert zone and write their names.

Polar bear, walrus

Here you can complete the drawing according to the instructions in the textbook (p. 82).
Draw how you imagine the Arctic.

Here you can make notes for your message according to the instructions of the textbook (p. 82).
Find in additional literature and the Internet information about one of the animals of this region. Prepare a message about him.

Photographer Louise Murray loves photographing Arctic landscapes and their inhabitants. Every year she spends six weeks to six months in the Arctic. An exhibition of her photographs, entitled "High Arctic", opens on October 15, 2011 at the Lacock Photography gallery in the village of Lacock, where one of the pioneers of modern photography, Henry Fox Talbot, was once born.

“I am drawn to these landscapes,” says Louise.

“I now know how climate change is affecting the Arctic ice, making it thinner and more dangerous.”

“Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada, has a fairly large population of polar bears. I hope my photos will make people think about how these animals are under threat due to climate change. In the photo: a mother bear and her baby on Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada. In their first year of life, cubs are under constant threat from adult males who seek to kill the cubs in order to win the mother.

Iceberg near Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada.

Male walrus. Pay attention to the tusks and vibrissae.

Louise Murray came within two meters of a group of walruses, Nunavut, Canada.

During the Arctic spring, the ice on the surface of the Arctic Basin begins to crack.

A family of beluga whales in Hudson Bay, Canada. The beluga whale is a mammal of the suborder of toothed whales of the narwhal family. Beluga whales are found along the Arctic coasts of Europe and North America. In summer, beluga whales migrate to shallow waters. Beluga whales live in colonies of up to 25 individuals, and during migration they unite in huge groups of up to a thousand individuals. For the variety of sounds they make, Americans nicknamed the beluga whale “the canary of the sea.” Beluga whales reach 5.5 meters in length.

Sea hares are at risk of extinction due to climate change and global warming.

A ringed seal calf, two months old. These babies are hunted by polar bears.

A polar bear hiding in anticipation of prey.

Arctic Tern, Sterna paradisaea, in flight. This is the only bird that migrates seasonally from the Arctic to the Antarctic, and it covers a record distance.

Polar bear and Arctic gull, Nunavut, Canada.

Inuit hunters Jake Ava, left, and Solom Kwanasiak, right, wearing traditional fur hoods.

An Inuit narwhal hunter in his kayak, Inglefield Fjord, Greenland. The kayak is made from tanned seal skins.

Sleeping husky, Herbert Island, Greenland.

An Inuit hunter with his dogs, Herbert Island, Greenland.

Iceberg near Nunavut, Canada.

Kittiwakes on an iceberg, Inglefield Fjord, Greenland.

Bilot Island, often national park Sirmilik, reflected in the melt water.

Louise Murray, photographer, Nunavut, Canada.