Plan

1. Arctic deserts
2. Tundra
3. Forest zone
a) taiga
b) mixed forests
c) deciduous forests
4. Steppes
5. Desert
6. Subtropics

Arctic deserts

Arctic - This is a zone of islands lying near the North Pole. Here is a long Cold winter a short cold summer, and therefore the vegetation is sparse - mosses and lichens.

In the Arctic, the sun does not set for several months - the polar day continues. For several months, day and night light, but not warm. The temperature is only a few degrees above 0. In winter, the polar night sets in. Dark dark and very cold. The darkness is illuminated by the moon, stars and Northern Lights.

This is a very cold area. But this does not mean that there are no animals and plants on it.

Arctic - the kingdom of the polar bear. The lack of land does not bother him, the main habitat is the ice floes of the Arctic Ocean. Polar bear feeds on fish, hunts seals, seals, walrus cubs.

Numerous pinnipeds live in the Arctic - seals, seals, walruses, elephant seals. The elongated streamlined shape of the body helps them move in the water at great speed.

Numerous birds find shelter and nest on the coastal rocks in the summer, arranging "bird markets" on the rocks - geese, gulls, eiders, terns, waders. In rock crevices where a small amount of soil accumulates, in thawed areas of glacial deposits - moraines, mosses, lichens, some types of algae and even flowering plants. Among them are bluegrass, cotton grass, polar poppy, sedge, dwarf willows, birches. During the cold polar summer, they manage to bloom and even bear fruit.

Unfortunately, due to the development of the Arctic by man, complex problems have arisen here. ecological problems: pollution of the northern seas; destruction of commercial fish species; hunting for polar bears and seals. Now hunting for rare animals in the Arctic is prohibited. Some bird colonies have been taken under protection. Fishing is limited. Reserves have been created, for example, the WRANGEL ISLAND reserve

Tundra

The tundra climate is harsh - winter lasts longer than academic year At school. All year round fierce winds blow, and blizzards rage in winter. Even in summer, the ground practically does not thaw (only by 10 - 25 cm), and below, permafrost remains.Birches spread near the surface, hiding from the wind and cold in mosses and lichens.

The white partridge, snowy owl, gyrfalcon, reindeer, wolves, geese and cranes arrive in summer.

The main occupation of the tundra population is reindeer herding. Mining is still underway - oil and gas.

Environmental problems have arisen in the tundra:

violation of the soil from the caterpillars of tractors, all-terrain vehicles - plants die.
the area is contaminated with oil during its extraction.
illegal hunting - poaching.
reindeer pastures are trampled, because reindeer are not always driven to other places.

forest zone

Taiga - coniferous forest, it occupies most of the zone.

mixed forest - along with coniferous trees, birch, aspen, alder grow in it. Winter in such a forest is milder. Deciduous trees have medium-sized leaves that they shed for the winter.

broadleaf forest - replaces oak, linden, maple, ash, elm. These are heat-loving plants, so they have large leaves, shed their leaves for the winter, and propagate by seeds.

Through the fault of man arise ecological problems . If earlier the forest was cut down as needed, now they cut down everything that is possible. Excessive hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extinction of some animal species.

Steppes

The steppes stretch in a narrow continuous strip in the south of Russia from the western borders to Altai. Further to the east, the steppe areas have a patchy distribution.The average January temperature in the west is -2 °С, and in the east -20 °С and lower. Summer in the steppe is sunny and hot. The average temperature in July is 22-23 °С. In the west of the zone, thaws often occur, so the snow cover there is thin and very unstable. The predominant soils of the steppes are chernozems.

natural plant communities are represented mainly by perennial, drought- and frost-resistant herbs with a powerful root system. First of all, these are cereals: feather grass, fescue, wheatgrass, snake, thin-legged, bluegrass. In addition to cereals, there are numerous representatives of herbs: astragalus, sage, cloves - and bulbous perennials, such as tulips.

In the European steppes, narrow-leaved grasses form the basis: feather grass, fescue, bluegrass, fescue, thin-legged, etc.
In the drier southern regions, in addition to cereals, wormwood, thorax, and cinquefoil are common. Lots of tulips in spring. In the Asian part of the country, tansy and cereals predominate.

Ungulates are adapted to long-term movements across the vast expanses of the steppes. Due to the thinness of the snow cover, plant food is also available in winter. An important role in nutrition is played by bulbs, tubers, rhizomes. For many animals, plants are also the main source of moisture. Typical representatives of ungulates in the steppes are tours, antelopes, tarpans. However, most of these species economic activity people were exterminated or driven south. In some areas, saigas, which were widely distributed in the past, have been preserved.

Of the rodents, the most common are ground squirrel, vole, jerboa, etc. The polecat, badger, weasel, and fox also live in the steppe.

Of the birds, the bustard, little bustard, gray partridge, steppe eagle, buzzard, kestrel are typical for the steppes. However, these birds are now rare.

There are much more reptiles than in the forest zone. Among them, we single out the steppe viper, snake, common snake, nimble lizard, muzzle.

The wealth of the steppes - fertile soils . This natural zone is almost completely mastered by man and natural steppe landscapes are preserved only in reserves. Due to the insufficient amount precipitation and frequent droughts in the steppe zone, irrigation systems were built.

Steppes - a zone of developed animal husbandry. Cattle, horses, poultry are bred here. Various branches of industry are developed: metallurgy, mechanical engineering, food, chemical, textile.

Desert

In Russia, the desert occupies a small area - along the shores of the Red Sea. Huge deserts are spread in other states: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. The desert is very hot.Typical soils of the semi-desert and desert zone are chestnut.

Most animals in the desert are not large because they have nowhere to hide from predators. The most common reptiles are lizards, snakes, turtles.

Birds - bustard, little bustard, larks.

Of the largest mammals, we note the camel, saiga; there is a corsac, a wolf.
Camel He has many adaptations to live in the desert. Long thick eyelashes protect the eyes from sand. Both toes on each foot are connected by a calloused pad. Thanks to her, he does not fall into the sand.

The traditional occupation of the population is cattle breeding: breed sheep, camels, cattle. As a result of overgrazing, the area of ​​unfixed windblown sands is increasing. One of the measures to combat the onset of the desert is phytomelioration - a set of measures for the cultivation and maintenance of natural vegetation.

People built canals to irrigate the land. This is good. But immoderate irrigation led to the fact that there was a lot of salt in the soils. Poaching is also a problem.

The culprit of the created problems is a person. Now people face a difficult task - to correct their mistakes.

Subtropics

This zone, which occupies the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, is characterized by the smallest length and area in Russia.Fertile red earth and yellow earth soils are widespread.

subtropical vegetation rich and varied. Vegetable world It is represented by evergreen hard-leaved trees and shrubs, among which we will name boxwood, laurel, laurel cherry. Widespread forests of oak, beech, hornbeam, maple. Thickets of trees intertwine liana, ivy, wild grapes. There are bamboo, palm trees, cypress, eucalyptus.

Of the representatives of the animal world, we note the chamois, deer, wild boar, bear, pine and stone marten, Caucasian black grouse.

The abundance of heat and moisture makes it possible to grow such subtropical crops here as tea, tangerines, and lemons. Significant areas are occupied by vineyards and tobacco plantations.

Favorable climatic conditions, the proximity of the sea and mountains make this area a major recreational area of ​​our country. Numerous camp sites, rest houses, sanatoriums are located here.

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The world around 1 class.

What's happened the world.

Lesson #1

Topic: What is the world around.

Form of organization of classes (type of lesson): a lesson with elements of research and game activity.

Type of lesson: introductory lesson, lesson of acquaintance with a new academic subject.

Lesson Objectives:

Assimilation of the initial ideas about the subject "The world around us", about objects of animate and inanimate nature.

Creation of conditions for the formation and development of mental functions, abilities, motivational attitudes, creative research thinking through involvement in active educational and research activities

Formation of moral and volitional qualities, the ability to control one's behavior in learning situations.

Basic concepts: the world around: the world of nature, the world of things, the world of people.

Metasubject connections: the world around, art.

Resources: students' workbooks, textbooks, colored pencils, 3 pictures of the city, the underwater world and a girl by the pond; trailers and objects of nature, things, people.

Planned learning outcome, incl. UUD formation:

To have ideas about the world around us, about objects of animate and inanimate nature, to give approximate answers to the question: “Why is it necessary to study the world around us?”,

Know distinctive features objects of animate and inanimate nature.

Be able to make simple observations, compare objects of animate and inanimate nature, give answers in the form of a short sentence to simple questions from a teacher or fairy tale character be able to follow the instructions of the teacher.

Be able to cooperate with comrades in the simplest role playing and have simple conversations.

1. Personal UUD: formation of interest in a new subject, determination of the need to study the world in which you live;

2. Regulatory UUD: organization of the workplace according to the instructions of the teacher; if possible, evaluate your work and the work of a friend; determine the task execution plan under the guidance of the teacher.

3. Cognitive UUD: navigate the textbook and workbook; compare objects, objects: find common and difference; group objects, objects on the basis of essential features; reproduce what they heard, determine the topic of the lesson; draw conclusions under the guidance of a teacher.

4. Communicative UUD: participate in the dialogue in the lesson, answer the teacher's questions, formulate a question on the issue of interest; listen to and understand the speech of others.

7. Reflection. Personal UUD

Formed UUD

Teacher activity

Student activities

1. Organizational moment

Communicative UUD

The teacher greets the children, accepts their greetings with a smile, and with the help of a small breathing exercise relieves possible tension. Preparing children

TEACHER. Good morning kids! Let's get ready for the lesson together - raise our hands up, take a deep breath at the same time, hold our hands up for a few seconds, and then sharply lower them down, while doing a slight tilt forward and a deep exhalation. And now everyone will sit down as it will be convenient for him to work in the lesson.

Children joyfully greet the teacher, do breathing exercise and sit down at their jobs. At the same time, they occupy a comfortable, but acceptable posture for study.

2. Actualization of basic knowledge.

Personal UUD

Speech workout. The teacher engages students in a dialogue.

- Who do you think will be your assistant in the lesson?

Riddle hint.

Here is the first helper:
He is smart and he is loyal
At the lesson on the desk will lie down
Check it out, he'll tell you everything!

-What is the name of our textbook?

This is the name of the subject that we will study.

Introduction to the workbook.
.

Teacher, comrade, at home, mother.

It's a textbook!

The world.

Children take it in their hands, consider the cover.

3. Goal setting and motivation.

Regulatory UUD

-Let's talk about what will be discussed in our first lesson of the world around us.

-What is the environment?

Why do you need to study it all of a sudden?

4. Discovery of new knowledge by children

Cognitive UUD

Personal UUD

TEACHER. And now, let's use our first helper - open the tutorial on the page. Let's take a closer look at the illustration.
The teacher reads the poem.
TEACHER.
Take a look around, friend!
You see the river, the forest, the meadow,
Bird flocks, plane,
What went to flight.
Sky, wind, clouds,
Again a river, a meadow a river!
TEACHER. We are starting to study a new subject - "The World Around". Look at the picture again, look out the window, look around, think and say what is the world around you? What and who is part of the environment?

STUDENTS. The world around us is what surrounds us, what is around us. These are different creatures and objects, animals, sky, clouds, trees, houses, people.
TEACHER. Okay guys! Well done! And I want you to learn to observe the world around you, to study and explore it.

In the lesson of the world around us, we will learn why day follows night? How many days in a year? Why does the seasons change? How diverse are plant and animal world Earth? Why is it important for a person to live in a family? What miracles can work human hands?

The game is a journey.

1 row goes to the forest.

2 row goes to the underwater world.

3 row for a walk around our city.

-List the objects of nature that you saw there?

- One, two, three - returned from a trip. You guys turned out to be very observant, so you named a lot of objects in the world around you.

Let's sum up the first result.

-What does the subject "World around" study?

Students open their books and look at the pictures.

The world around us is what surrounds us, what is around us. These are different creatures and objects, animals, sky, clouds, trees, houses, people

Students can list several items around them.

1st row: girl, pond, duck with ducklings, trees, grass.

2nd row: starfish, vegetation, corals, bottom, water.

3rd row: building, square, flowers, trees.

The subject of the world around studies the world of nature, the world of things, the world of people.

5. Primary fastening.

Regulatory UUD

Communicative UUD

WORK according to the textbook on p. 5Z

Task: Divide the drawings into two groups. Explain your decision. You can use hint.

-List the items in the picture.

What two groups would you divide them into? Why?

-Let's try to give a complete answer to the question: What is the world around us?

1 answer option: live and Not Live nature.

Option 2: the world of nature, the world of people, the world of things.

According to the textbook: the world around us is what is around us: nature, people and everything that is created by man.

The answers of children who can more accurately reproduce this definition are evaluated.

6. Independent work.

Communicative UUD

Cognitive UUD

Personal UUD

WORK in workbooks on pages 4-5

Task 1 on p.4.

-Colour what belongs to wildlife.

PHYSICAL MINUTE for the eyes and hands.
TEACHER. We have done a good job and your eyes and hands deserve a little rest. We got up from our jobs, left our desks, raise the handles up, lower them. We repeat three times. Now let's try to perform rotations with our hands: forward, backward. We stretched our arms to the side, bent at the elbows and rotated: back and forth, now spread our arms to the sides and rotate our hands: back and forth. Now put your hands down and shake your hands a little. Close your eyes, imagine that you are on the shore of a gentle warm sea, put your hands in warm water, took out the brushes from the water and try to shake off the drops. Well done! Now let's take a closer look out the window at a big tree in the school yard, stop looking at the tree, count to 10 out loud. Fine! Now close your eyes and count to 10 again.

Children follow the teacher's instructions: rotate their arms, rotate their arms bent at the elbows, rotate and shake their hands, close their eyes.

WORK on p.5. notebooks.

-Combine the drawings into two groups. Explain your choice.

GAME "Hook trailers to the trains."

Living and non-living nature.

I call two student trains to the board. Children from the place show their picture, the trains collect trailers.

TEACHER. Well done boys! True, we can divide all objects found in nature into two large groups - objects of living nature and objects of inanimate nature.

Flowers, butterfly, spruce, mushrooms.

Work in pairs: "Consult your neighbor."

Dishes are inanimate nature, other objects of wildlife.

They are active and independent.

Control themselves and their comrades during the game.

Control according to the model on the board.

Communicative UUD -What new did you learn at the lesson?

–Who found it difficult? Interesting? Assessment of your work.

In my opinion, the concept of "world around" is quite multifaceted, and each represents it differently. As for me, I consider the world that surrounds us interesting and surprising, and I am happy that I live in it.

The world that surrounds us

What is the environment? For one person it will space, which directly surrounds it, and for the other - Universe. If expressed plain language, this is all that is around us:

• everything that is created by mankind;
• Live nature;
• inanimate nature.

However, the world is not only amazing, it is more amazing than we can imagine. There is a huge number of animals, phenomena and plants, the existence of which most people do not even suspect.

Amazing in the world

Lives in Madagascar amazing primate - rukonopozhka. Because of her slightly strange appearance, the locals are very wary of her. Their beliefs associate this animal with evil spirits and evil spirits. There is a sign that if you meet this animal, then death will inevitably overtake within a year.

One of the most mysterious phenomena creeping stones found at the bottom of a dry lake in the United States. Moving stones without outside help is beyond doubt, however, no one saw how this happens - they move once every few years. Scientists suggest that this is possible due to changes temperature regime.

coconut crab It is rightfully considered the largest representative of crustaceans - its length often reaches 35 centimeters. He lives on land, in burrows, where he arranges for himself a soft "bed" made of coconut palm leaves.

Most amazing tree on the planet - baobab. The unique ability of this tree is survivability: if you remove the bark, then a new one will grow in the shortest possible time. The thickness of the trunk often reaches 10 meters and wood absorbs moisture like a sponge. It is believed that the tree is able to live for thousands of years, but in fact it is impossible to confirm - no annual rings.

Ant Panda has absolutely nothing to do with the spotted bear, except appearance. In fact, it's not even an ant, and the German wasp, sometimes called the "velvet ant" due to the many hairs that cover its body. Like any other wasp, this "ant" may well sting and the discomfort will last for several hours.

Annotation to the material

Presentations around the world let the teacher primary school to make this subject a favorite among most elementary school students. With a competent selection of visualization, an accessible explanation of new material, students awaken interest in studying each next topic, a desire to learn more than was given in the lesson. After watching a presentation on the topic of the world around us, little discoverers of secrets will try to find their own interesting information about plants and animals, about stars and natural phenomena, in order to tell these facts to your teacher and classmates at the lesson.

The presentation on the lesson the world around us is convenient to use at any stage of the lesson. Its use is not limited solely to explaining new material. Can download a presentation on the world around you for grades 1, 2, 3 or 4 for practical work and to check homework, to consolidate the material just learned in the lesson and to show samples of project design.

The use of the lesson presentation of the surrounding world contributes to the students' motivation to learn. They are pleased that they understand the material that the teacher explains. If not everyone succeeds in solving a problem in mathematics, it is also not easy to write in the Russian language class without mistakes, then in the lesson of the world around you you can reveal your abilities and become a real star. It was not for nothing that Ushinsky noted that children's nature requires visualization to develop interest in a subject. These words are still relevant and true today. Using the Environment Presentation The world is irrefutable proof of that. They are important not so much text as pictures, photos, inserted video fragments, tables, various diagrams that will remain in the memory of an elementary school student.

This section contains the development of the lessons of teachers working on various teaching materials. From the sections you can download free lessons with a presentation on the world around you for grades 1, 2, 3, 4 in the teaching materials school School 2100, School of Russia, PNSh (textbooks by Pleshakov, Vakhrushev) and use them in your work.

Do you like to create presentations for the lessons of the world around you and you already have a collection of own developments? Send them to us, and we will definitely, retaining authorship, place them in the appropriate section. To create your own work and children's projects on our portal, you can download presentation templates, backgrounds and pictures around the world for free. Let's collaborate and share ideas that shouldn't become redundant after the bell has rung from class.

The world around - 1 class

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This thematic section contains ready-made abstracts of lessons, project activities, integrated classes, extracurricular activities around the world in elementary school. The range of topics presented is very wide. It covers the entire curriculum of the course and is not limited to it.

Examples of conducting lessons around the world - to help teachers.

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Methods of critical thinking in the lessons of the Russian language and the world around Reception of writing syncwines. The changes taking place in modern education put forward as a priority the problem of using new technologies of education and upbringing. At the lessons of the Russian language, literary reading, the world around, at the stage of assimilation of new knowledge, you can ...

Development of a lesson on the world around in the 4th grade "The life of the ancient Slavs in the days of Ancient Rus'" Subject. Life of the ancient Slavs. At times Ancient Rus'. Target: educational: to form in students an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bAncient Rus', Russian princes, about the life of the ancient Slavs, their religion; developing: to develop students' oral speech, imagination, fantasy, ability to work with ...

The world around - "Journey to the country of road signs." Synopsis of the lesson of the world around us using game technology in grades 2.4

Publication "Journey to the Land of Road Signs". Synopsis of the lesson of the surrounding ... " MOU "Staropolskaya secondary school" The world around us: a lesson using gaming technology in grades 2, 4 Prepared and conducted by: primary school teacher Khozyainova E.V. Objectives: 1. To expand students' knowledge of the rules of behavior on the road. 2. Cultivate a sense of respect for your ...

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Summary of the lesson on the world around in the 3rd grade "Golden Ring of Russia" Summary of the lesson on the topic "The Golden Ring of Russia" Purpose: the formation of the foundations of civic identity, a sense of pride in their homeland. Tasks: 1. Expand children's knowledge about the cities of the Golden Ring. 2. Learn to recognize the city by its main attractions and reproduce in ...

Test around the world "Wise choice", 4th grade, the world around, UMK A. A. Pleshakova, M. Yu. Novitskaya ("Perspective") Test "Wise Choice" 1. In what year did the baptism of Rus' take place? a) in 862 b) in 1157 c) in 988 2. The Great Prince of Kiev who baptized Rus'. a) Prince Vladimir b) Prince Yuri Dolgoruky c) Prince Yaroslav the Wise 3. Day...

Verification work on the outside world "The Beginning of the Moscow Kingdom", Grade 4 UMK A. A. Pleshakov, M. Yu. Novitskaya Verification work“The Beginning of the Muscovite Kingdom” Surname _ 1. How was the throne of the grand duke transferred? _ 2. Why did the Russian people flee to the uninhabited areas - to the steppe, to the river islands of the Don, to the Volga Zhiguli mountains? _ _ 3. What were the freemen called ...

The world around us - Abstract of the lesson on the world around us for grade 1 "Useful products with your own hands"

Topic: "Useful products with their own hands" Purpose: - to promote the formation of children's ability to conduct cognitive research activities. Tasks: 1. With the help research activities find out what benefits milk brings to the child's body. 2. Promote...

Theoretical foundations for the formation of research competencies in the lessons on the subject "World around" The problem of educational research activity has deep roots. Foreign educators (J-J. Russo, I. Pestalozzi, F. Diesterweg, G. Kershensteiner, J. Dewey, S. Frenet) expressed the idea of ​​encouraging a child to learn about the world through research and discovery. In Russia, this position ...