What are the symptoms of uterine prolapse and can it be cured? Methods for treating uterine prolapse at home Treatment for a prolapsed uterus

Uterine prolapse- an ailment that does not bother a woman at all until she plans to become a mother, and especially when it occurs in a mild form and is almost unnoticeable.

What is uterine prolapse

Genital prolapse (drooping of the uterine walls) is a fairly common problem that affects women at any age. Almost every second representative of the fair sex after 50 faces this disease; 40-year-old women also often suffer from the disease; it is not uncommon for it to be found in young girls. Very often, pathology appears in the fair sex after childbirth, because childbirth and pregnancy place a serious burden on the muscles and organs of the pelvic floor. This disease is associated with weakening of the muscles and ligaments of the female genital organ and their inability to hold it in its anatomical place, located in the pelvic area. As a result, it moves downward due to pressure on the uterus from the internal organs located in the abdominal area. At an early stage, a woman may not even be aware of the existing problem, which the gynecologist discovers directly during a medical examination.

The danger of this disease lies in the gradual descent of the genital organ down to the vagina, while the cervix does not change its location. If proper treatment for this disease is not taken, the organ may subsequently come out and fall out. The disease develops quite slowly. In its advanced form, in addition to prolapse of the uterus, the disease provokes complete or partial displacement of associated organs, as well as disruption of the intestines and urinary tract.

Signs of uterine prolapse

Minor prolapse of the uterus and deformation of its cervix. At this stage, the organ does not look out. When palpated, the uterus is located in place, only the cervix slightly changes its position and is palpated closer to the entrance to the vagina.
Partial sagging of the uterus into the vagina. Characterized by a change in the shape of the organ. When at rest, the cervix and its body do not sag from the vagina, but when tension occurs in the form of sneezing or coughing, it peeks out from the genitals.
Incomplete sagging of the organ. During a visual examination, even without using special obstetric instruments, you can see the cervix and part of its body protruding from the vagina.
The body of the uterus falls out completely. The condition is characterized by the fact that the body of the organ and its neck completely protrude from the vagina and are located outside the genital slit. In some cases, the vaginal walls may also fall out.

In accordance with the degree of development of the disease, the doctor will select a treatment method.

Symptoms of uterine prolapse

A woman may not be aware of the presence of a disease for a long time, which has virtually no effect on her ability to work and can only worsen her intimate life due to painful sensations during sexual intercourse. It is impossible to recognize the symptoms of genital prolapse on your own at the initial stage. You can find out about the disease during a gynecological examination or ultrasound examination. Due to the structure, the prolapse of the organ may not be complete; for example, only the back or front walls are displaced. The choice of treatment will depend on how the disease progresses and at what stage.

List of main symptoms:

A feeling of fullness or the presence of a foreign body in the vagina. This is how the patient feels a swollen uterus. This unpleasant and serious sign indicates that organ prolapse is occurring. Due to the feeling of constant discomfort, the woman can neither sit nor walk normally.
Regular aching pain. They may be felt in the lower abdomen. Often, acute pain of a paroxysmal nature occurs in the area of the coccyx and sacrum. If a woman sits for a long time, the pain may increase. When changing body position, pain decreases.
Problems of the genitourinary system. Characterized by urinary incontinence, difficulty urinating, or frequent urge to urinate. Symptoms of a feeling of a constantly filled bladder are observed when the walls of the uterus are displaced.
Constant constipation and a feeling of incomplete bowel movement. This happens due to compression of internal organs and pinching of certain areas of the intestine. Fecal deposits stagnate and harden, making it difficult to smoothly empty the rectum.
White or bloody discharge. The density of the secretion is not the same as with thrush. The discharge may be a whitish fluid mixed with blood.
Unpleasant sensations during sexual intercourse. Sex with uterine prolapse does not give a woman pleasure; due to the weakening of the vaginal walls, she does not receive the sensations that she had before the disease. She may experience pain very often.
Menstrual function is disrupted. Due to changes in the position of the uterus, the outflow of secretions during menstruation becomes more difficult, which increases the pain syndrome and increases the amount of menstrual flow. Often women with this disease suffer from infertility, although pregnancy is considered quite possible.

Causes of uterine prolapse

There are many factors that contribute to the appearance of such a pathology. Basically, the problems of uterine and vaginal prolapse are interrelated.

Injuries to internal organs and muscles covering the pelvic floor. This can happen after unsuccessful genital surgery.
Age-related changes. During menopause, a woman experiences a change in the concentration of estrogen, which causes a significant weakening of muscle tone and stretching of ligaments, and the pathology of uterine prolapse occurs. In older women, compared to other age categories, OM is a common disease.
Cervical dysplasia. This disease provokes the proliferation of connective tissues, which becomes a factor in pelvic floor prolapse and contributes to the prolapse of the organ.
Congenital malformations of the pelvic organs. This is mainly observed with underdevelopment of the genital organs.
Constant physical activity. Systematic lifting of weights provokes the development of this disease.
Often, excess weight and chronic diseases of the digestive system, which cause problems in the form of constant constipation, can cause OM.
In the process of childbirth. The risk of developing pathology increases with incorrect delivery, after which deep lacerations of the perineum appear. This happens in the case of improper surgical delivery and the application of forceps during breech presentation, when the child is pulled with obstetric forceps or a vacuum. Prolapse of the uterus often occurs when the child is “squeezed out,” repeated births, multiple pregnancies, after which the condition of the ligamentous apparatus worsens.
Presence of chronic diseases. Diseases leading to disruptions in metabolic processes and microcirculation are a factor in the appearance of pathology - prolapse, and in the extreme stage, uterine prolapse. Such diseases include diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, impaired tissue perception of insulin, and metabolic diseases that are inherited.
Hereditary character. The physiological feature of the placement of the female genital organ is inherited through the female line. Therefore, if close relatives had the disease of uterine prolapse, there is a possibility of the disease developing in their descendants, therefore it is necessary to be examined by a gynecologist in order to prevent the development of the disease.
Gynecological diseases. Diseases of the genital area, defects of the pelvic area, as well as cysts, fibroids, and fibroids put excessive pressure on the ligamentous system, which provokes prolapse.
Chronic cough. With a constant strong cough, various muscles tense, even those that support the genitals.

Uterine prolapse during pregnancy

In some cases, uterine prolapse can lead to early conception of a child. Often, only at the first examination about pregnancy, the patient learns that she has a problem - prolapse of the genital organ. In a mild form, the disease can develop completely unnoticed, however, delivery with uterine prolapse is associated with major complications. Therefore, doctors recommend that even before conception, you undergo regular examinations for problems with the genital organs, and carry out treatment before pregnancy.

Expectant mothers suffering from this pathology experience nagging pain in the lower abdomen. It is difficult for them to stand still, and walking causes fatigue. Prolapse poses a serious threat to the health of both the expectant mother and the baby. Therefore, many pregnant women with prolapse are hospitalized in a hospital for conservation. Women have to lie down all the time to avoid untimely birth.

If the expectant mother has been diagnosed with OM, then the doctor, in order to maintain the internal organs in a natural position and relieve additional stress on the spine, prescribes that she must wear a special bandage device. Also, gynecologists during pregnancy advise doing special exercises according to the Kegel program. Thanks to the trained muscles of the perineum, a woman can easily carry a pregnancy.

If such methods do not bring results, then the woman is prescribed the installation of a special vaginal ring - a pessary, which will help keep the uterus in place. And thanks to this device, the expectant mother will be able to safely bear the child. Taking into account the individual characteristics of the pregnant woman and the safety of the fetus, the doctor will select the optimal remedy. Sometimes, when a pregnant woman has prolapsed uterus, a gynecologist may also approve the use of traditional medicine methods.

Diagnosis of uterine prolapse

It is necessary to diagnose this disease at an early stage. Thanks to timely detection of the problem, you can protect yourself from painful symptoms and further surgical intervention.

The diagnosis of uterine prolapse is established after colposcopy on a gynecological chair - examination of the entrance and walls of the vagina, the vaginal area of the patient’s cervix. To determine the degree of pathology of the genital organs, the patient may be asked to strain, and the doctor, using a special device - a colposcope, conducts a vaginal and rectal examination. After examination, he prescribes initial laboratory tests.

If there is a suspicion of side diseases of the uterus and organs of the reproductive system, the doctor prescribes additional examinations for the woman:

Excretory urography.

Using the X-ray method, the structure and functioning of the urinary tract and the ability of the kidneys to remove radiopaque substances are examined.

Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.
Ultrasound hysterosalpingoscopy (UGSS).

A special contrast agent is injected into the uterus, and with the help of x-rays the degree of its passage through the fallopian tubes is assessed, thus determining the patency of the fallopian tubes. Using this method, the internal state of the uterine space is also assessed, whether there are adhesions in the pelvis.

Computed tomography (CT).

The CT method allows you to examine the pelvic organs.

Bacteriological urine analysis.

This test is performed to determine infectious diseases in the urinary tract.

Diagnostic curettage of the walls of the uterine cavity.

It is used in gynecology to determine the condition of the inner surface of the uterine mucosa.

Bak sowing on flora.

The study makes it possible to detect microorganisms that provoke the inflammatory process in material extracted from the genital tract.

Taking a smear from the vagina for flora.

Taking material for a flora smear allows you to examine the vaginal microflora from the urethra and cervix in the laboratory under a microscope.

Taking a gynecological smear to check the cleanliness of the vagina.

This simple examination of the vagina for microflora and the degree of cleanliness provides enough information about the presence or absence of an inflammatory process, and allows you to determine the condition of the patient’s birth canal.

Taking a smear for cytology (presence of atypical cells).

Analysis of a smear for the presence of atypical cells allows us to identify pathology in the cells of the cervix.

To exclude all kinds of infections, a patient with uterine prolapse, in addition to a gynecological examination, will need to undergo an additional examination by a urologist and proctologist, and to exclude displacement of the bladder (cystocele) and pathological protrusion into the vagina of the anterior wall of the rectum (rectocele).

Doctors evaluate the condition of the valve devices (sphincters) of the bladder and rectum, establish the etiology of incontinence of urine, gases, and feces with and without exercise. To do this, a differential diagnosis of uterine displacement due to partial or complete inversion of the uterine mucosa, a newborn MM (myomatous) node, or a benign formation (cyst) on the vaginal wall is carried out. Having determined at what stage of development, how the disease progresses and the degree of prolapse (prolapse) of the pelvic organs, the doctor prescribes treatment.

Treatment of uterine prolapse

There are many forms and methods of treating uterine prolapse. Medical tactics are determined individually and will depend on the woman’s age, the degree of uterine prolapse and prolapse of adjacent genital organs, the presence of concomitant gynecological pathologies and the need to preserve the reproductive system for procreation; according to this, the doctor may offer a non-surgical (conservative) treatment method, or surgical operation.

Conservative treatment

Non-surgical (conservative - in fact, therapy) methods of treatment for displacement of the genital organ give a positive result only at the initial stage of development of the disease, and if there is no prolapse of the cervix or its body, and also if adjacent organs have not shifted beyond their anatomical boundaries.

With the help of medicines

In the initial stages, it involves taking medications containing female hormones – estrogens.

Intravaginal (intravaginal)

The patient is prescribed ointments with estrogens, ingredients to increase microcirculation and metabolism, uterine rings made of synthetic material (silicone or latex) are installed, and a bandage is prescribed.

Non-surgical treatments

They include a LF complex, gynecological massage, laser correction, electrical stimulation, and traditional medicine methods.

Bandage as the most convenient method of treatment

Doctors believe that wearing a bandage is an effective method of treating pelvic organ prolapse and maintaining the uterus at a normal level, and often prescribes it. As a permanent measure of therapy, wearing a bandage system is not used, but only temporarily until the muscle tissue and ligaments gain elasticity and firmness.
Structurally, the bandage for supporting the uterus has its own distinctive features from the structure of other bandage systems. The device is placed on the hips and passed between the legs. In this way, the device will hold the organ both from below and from the side.
The structure is secured with Velcro and, if necessary, can be quickly and easily removed. The bandage should not be worn for more than 12 hours, otherwise unnecessary impact on the internal pelvic organs may occur. The device must be removed at night so that the body can rest.

Laser correction of the vaginal mucosa

LC of the vaginal mucosa is a high-tech treatment method. After laser procedures, loose vaginal tissues will become tightened and elastic. The procedure for treating uterine prolapse with a laser is quick and completely painless.
The tissues of the vaginal mucosa contain large quantities of fibrillar protein - collagen. The action of powerful radiation on it causes the fibers of the connective tissue to shrink by more than half. As a result, they shorten and become much denser, and the vaginal tissue shrinks. As a result, new collagen is formed in the mucous membrane of the genital organ.

The doctor uses a special attachment, which he inserts into the vagina, to treat the stretched tissue. This procedure for treating OM consists of two stages, the interval between which ranges from 2 weeks to one month. The duration of one session is less than 30 minutes. After the procedure, it does not require much recovery time, and sexual activity can be resumed after just three days. The effectiveness of such therapy is up to one year. Thanks to this method, the size of the vagina is reduced, and mild forms of OM are treated without surgical intervention.

Electrical stimulation for OM using the biofeedback method

With the help of electrical stimulation using biofeedback (biofeedback), the muscles of the internal pelvic organs are restored. This treatment of uterine prolapse is much more effective even than A. Kegel’s physical exercises for the development of the muscles of the perineum and helps to avoid surgery.

The manipulations are carried out using a special device, and the treatment process is similar to a computer game, during which the patient coordinates the work of the muscles using visual images reproduced on the monitor. As a result, such OM therapy is effective and not burdensome.

The procedure is carried out four to eight times a month, lasting 30 minutes, the course consists of four stages.

The peculiarity of this non-surgical method of treating OM lies in the natural human phenomenon - nerve processes cause muscles to contract when necessary. Having mastered this ability, you can strengthen your muscles and use skills without technical means.

Exercises for uterine prolapse

A special comprehensive program of exercises has been developed, most of which help to strengthen weakened vaginal ligaments and tone the pelvic floor muscles. Therapeutic gymnastics is effective for the initial stage of uterine prolapse and for mild weakening of the ligaments. Simple physical exercises alleviate the symptoms of the disease, are a preventive measure for many diseases, and also strengthen the muscles and ligaments of the organ. They should be done every day as a ritual. To perform them, no special equipment is required, and no physical training is required. At the beginning, unpleasant sensations may arise, but later, the discomfort will disappear and everything will return to normal.

Gymnastics for the treatment of genital prolapse:

Physical exercise strengthens the abdominal muscles and vaginal walls.

Taking a knee-elbow position while simultaneously raising your left leg and right arm, a straight line should form parallel to the plane of the floor. Legs and arms are alternated. In total you need to do about 30 swings. Over time, you need to learn to stay in this position for a few seconds.

Physical exercise strengthens the anterior wall of the uterus and the muscles in the lower abdomen.

Lie on your back with your legs straight and your arms extended along your body. Raising your legs straight, try without bending them at the knees and touch your toes to the floor behind your head.

Exercises to strengthen the muscles of the vaginal walls.

A set of effective exercises according to the system developed by the gynecologist Kegel strengthens not only the muscles of the perineum, but also those that are not actually involved in everyday life. With their help, you can avoid surgical intervention and restore muscle tissue weakened after pregnancy and childbirth to normal tone, allowing the woman to quickly recover and return to her usual lifestyle. Exercising by strengthening the vaginal muscles helps reduce its diameter, which will have a beneficial effect on the quality of intimate life. The restored muscles of the walls will hold the uterus in a physiological position and will not allow it to move.
The technique of execution is aimed at compressing and relaxing the internal muscles of the vagina for 10 seconds. Do the exercises in 3-4 approaches. In case of serious pathologies with tone, it is better to start by tensing the muscles for three seconds, gradually increasing the time and number of approaches.

Exercises for urinary problems.

Tighten the muscles of the vagina, and squeezing the sphincter of the urethra, stop the process of urination for a few seconds, and then relax the muscles to finish urinating. During one urination, you need to hold your urine several times. This exercise can strengthen the muscles of the pelvic organs and keep the bladder from moving.

The exercise will strengthen the vaginal muscles and tone the pubococcygeus muscles.

Take a sitting position on a chair, bring your knees together, place your feet on the floor. Trying to rise in a chair, move the muscles of the perineum and buttocks. Stay in this state for a few seconds. Then relax the muscles of the perineum and buttocks. Perform the exercise for 40 seconds. You should get jerky movements.

Massage for prolapsed uterus

In the early stages of the disease, a conservative and most effective treatment method is used, such as gynecological massage of the uterus. The procedure must be performed by a qualified and experienced gynecologist who knows the technique of performing it and who, taking into account the individual characteristics of his patient, will select the optimal intensity of massage movements. The session is usually performed on a gynecological chair or a special table. Using the palpation method, the doctor acts on the area of the uterus. Working through the organ from the inside with one hand, and with the other, massaging the corresponding area on the abdomen, performing a thorough palpation from all sides.

Some patients experience improvement in their condition after a certain number of procedures. Treatment consists of regular sessions over several months, with short breaks. The patient should sleep on her stomach during the entire course of massage treatment.

In the process of such treatment, the condition of the uterus generally improves, and blood circulation in the internal pelvic organs is restored. Massage helps eliminate the bending of the uterus, normalizes the functioning of the intestines, increases the tone of the body, adhesions are resolved, metabolism is normalized, and the long-awaited conception can occur after infertility treatment. The duration of each session is determined individually, but not more than 15 minutes. If during a massage the patient experiences a feeling of intense pain, this is an indication to stop the manipulation.

Treatment of uterine prolapse with folk remedies

The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of this disease helps improve muscle tone and restores the anatomical position of the internal organ. The results of this treatment show an excellent effect at the initial stage of uterine prolapse; in case of organ prolapse, herbal treatment will not bring the desired effect.

Recipes for medicinal tinctures:

Quince fruits.

To prepare a medicinal infusion, you need to pour 300 grams of dried and crushed fruits with 1.5 liters of hot water. Boil for two to three minutes. After cooling, strain the broth and be sure to squeeze out the fruit. Take a glass three times a day. Before taking, the decoction is warmed up a little.

Lily roots.

The infusion is prepared from finely chopped roots of the plant, which are placed in a thermos and poured into 0.5 liters. hot water. Leave for about 12 hours. After this, strain the mixture and divide into 3 parts. Take 150 milliliters 45 minutes before meals. The duration of treatment for OM in this way is 2-3 weeks.

Eggshell powder.

Grind the well-washed and dried shells of five eggs in a wooden mortar until they form a powder. Mix five chopped lemons with powder. Infuse the mixture for five days. Then pour in half a liter of vodka and leave the tincture in a dark place to “ripen” for another week. Then strain and take the tincture two times a day after meals, 50 milliliters. Duration of treatment is 14 days. At the end of the month-long break, repeat the course again.

Roots of Woolly-flowered Astragalus.

To prepare the tincture, 50 grams of dry herb roots are poured with alcohol in a volume of 0.5 liters. Close the vessel tightly and leave for ten days. Strain, take - three times a day for 35 minutes. Take a tablespoon before meals. The duration of the course is one and a half months. The herb can be purchased at the pharmacy.

Common chicory.

Fill half of the crushed fresh leaves, stems and flowers of the plant into a half-liter jar, and fill it to the top with red wine of 18% strength. The mixture is covered with a lid and left in the sun for three weeks. After “ripening”, strain the liquid, take the tincture three times a day, 20 milliliters each. Duration of treatment is a month.

Dandelion leaves.

A decoction of dandelion leaves is used for medicinal baths. To prepare a decoction, pour 20 grams of plant leaves into two liters of boiling water. Leave for two to three hours and add to a warm bath. The duration of the procedure is no more than 15 minutes.

Surgery for uterine prolapse

Treatment of the disease in later stages will no longer be possible without the intervention of a surgeon. Today, there are a number of surgical treatment options for correcting uterine displacement, and it is quite difficult to select the most effective one among them. The method is selected depending on the degree of damage to the disease and the age of the patient. They try to preserve the organ for young women of childbearing age, and after surgery, many can become pregnant and give birth on their own.

In medical practice, there are more than two hundred types of surgical interventions that are performed for prolapse and genital prolapse. True, recently, due to the increasing incidence of abscess development and dysfunction of the genital organs, doctors have stopped using a special mesh.

Types of surgical intervention for OM:

Laparoscopy.

This operation is performed in several stages and is aimed at fixing the ligaments of the vaginal dome to the sacrum and pubic bones. Elastic, biologically inert devices with a mesh structure with parameters of four by eight cm are used as a fixing material. The implant is attached to the dome of the vagina at one end, and to the bones of the sacrum at the other. The devices, acting as ligaments, thus support the uterus. The laparotomy procedure is performed without the usual surgical intervention with a special instrument - a laparoscope through small incisions in the anterior abdominal wall or vagina. On the third day after laparoscopy, the woman is discharged from the hospital and rehabilitation continues for up to a month. As a rule, in parallel with the implantation of the implant, plastic surgery is performed to narrow it, adjusting the diameter of the patient’s vagina. This significantly reduces the risk of recurrence of organ prolapse. During the manipulation process, the disorder associated with spontaneous urination is also eliminated.

After such an operation there will be no scars, which eliminates the formation of adhesions. The surgical intervention will not affect the condition of the vagina in any way and after recovery the woman will be able to be sexually active. During pregnancy, the elastic mesh will simply stretch.

Uterine ligament plication.

To return the organ to its normal position, the round ligaments that hold it are shortened and sutured together, using a reinforcing mesh. Surgical intervention is performed by opening the peritoneal cavity or by laparoscopy. Minimal intervention ensures accelerated restoration of organ function. A distinctive feature of this operation from the previous one is that the ligaments are not attached to the sacral bones, but are only shortened and secured with a special flap.

Mesh sacrovaginopexy method.

The essence of this surgical treatment is to fix the dome of the vagina, and in some cases, its walls are attached to the bones of the sacral promontory. Synthetic polyvinyl chloride mesh is used as a ligament material. Due to frequent cases of abscess formation and the risk of exacerbation of chronic diseases, this method has become rarely used.

Surgery for uterine prolapse in old age.

If genital prolapse is detected in old age, the operation for such patients is performed in the form of median colporrhaphy - a simple and effective method. After such an intervention it will be impossible to have sex. In addition, it will be impossible to conduct a gynecological examination of the woman’s genital organs and a biopsy of the cervix.
Technically, median colporrhaphy is carried out using the vaginal method and consists of cutting out and separating (severing with a knife, without cutting, just cleaning) flaps of the same size and shape from the vaginal walls (anterior and posterior) and then suturing the edges of the vaginal wounds together. After such an operation, a scar septum forms in the vagina.

Radical method.

In case of severe pathologies of OM, a radical method is carried out - surgery to completely remove an organ. Used if there is no need to preserve reproductive function. After surgery, the patient will need a special course of treatment with exercise therapy, diet, and complete exclusion of heavy exercise.

Consequences of uterine prolapse

At the initial stage of development of the disease, the woman does not even suspect that there is a problem; only as the disease worsens and the muscles and ligaments gradually weaken, genital prolapse can provoke a number of serious diseases.

Unpleasant symptoms in the form of cyanosis (cyanosis) and swelling of the walls at the entrance to the vagina.

Due to impaired microcirculation, blood stagnation occurs. In the area of the genital slit, bright pink swelling and thickening of the tissue appears. Discomfort may occur when wearing thick or synthetic underwear.

Multiple erosive ulcers on the walls of the vagina.

With prolapse or prolapse of the uterine body, the acidity of the vaginal microflora changes, which can cause wounds and erosions on the walls of the genital organ.

Violation of the cervical mucosa in the form of ectopia (erosion).

This disease can occur at stages 3-4 of genital prolapse. In this case, due to the dryness of the cervix, the body of the uterus is covered with cracks, and the protruding part of the organ is further injured from constant friction against the underwear, as well as when walking. As a result, bleeding wounds and ulcers may appear, thereby increasing the likelihood of infection.

Inflammation in the vagina - vaginitis and colpitis.

Diseases develop due to excessive drying of the vaginal walls in direct contact with air against the background of a decrease in the amount of beneficial microflora. Pathogenic and opportunistic microbes, multiplying in the vaginal environment, provoke vaginitis and colpitis.

Dysuria is a problem with urination.

Difficulty passing urine due to prolapse of the uterine walls can provoke infectious complications. In patients with prolapse of the reproductive organ, inflammatory processes are often detected in the organs of the urinary system - the bladder, renal pelvis, urethra.

Pinching of the uterus and varicose veins of regional veins.

In case of complete or partial prolapse of the organ body, strangulation of intestinal sections cannot be excluded among the possible complications.

If this common and dangerous gynecological disease is not treated in time, then in the advanced state of the disease, only surgical intervention will be required for treatment. Don't delay visiting a doctor. At the initial stage of the disease, the genital organ can be completely saved.

Is it possible to have sex

The disease can create many inconveniences in intimate relationships between spouses. It all depends on what stage of development the pathology will be at. Only a doctor can decide whether sexual intercourse is possible. Many women with OM need to limit close relationships - they can provoke an acceleration of pelvic organ prolapse.

At the initial stage of the disease, the woman does not experience any feeling of discomfort, but if severe pain appears, then marital duty should be abandoned. If sexual intercourse is not excluded, uterine swelling may occur. And this threatens the appearance of very severe pain, in which the question of physical pleasure will disappear as such. Thus, a woman with prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall may experience an eversion of the organ during sex. In the future, this can cause uterine prolapse.

To protect yourself from such unpleasant consequences, you first need to restore the correct position of the organ, and only then have sex. At the end of the recovery stage, you should initially avoid forceful effects on the uterus. The course of healing is controlled by a gynecologist. It helps a woman determine when she can continue her usual intimate relationships.

Prevention of uterine prolapse

In only ten percent of cases, the disease is diagnosed in patients under the age of 30. Gynecologists recommend starting from adolescence with preventive measures aimed at combating OM. Girls need to be taught to do physical exercises that help strengthen the muscles of the pelvic organs and abdominal muscles.

Physical exercises for the development of the muscles of the perineum are isometric contractions of the muscles that are part of the pelvic organs.
Even if there are no signs of weakening of the pelvic floor muscles, their additional development will only improve their blood supply and restore the anatomical structure. The development of this muscle group will serve as a prevention and at the same time treatment of stagnation of venous blood flow, prolapse of the vaginal walls, chronic inflammatory diseases, problems with pregnancy, urinary incontinence and many problems of the genital organs. A good prevention of OM is tightening the vaginal muscles while walking. You can perform it at any suitable time and completely unnoticed by others. Thanks to it, it is possible to correct the first degree of the disease. It is important for every woman to avoid heavy loads.

As well as preventing OM disease, it is necessary to take measures aimed at preventing systematic constipation.

Performing preventive physical exercises is also indicated for women during menopause, because the risk of uterine prolapse during this period increases significantly. In addition to LF, the attending physician can also prescribe medications, the action of which leads to improved blood supply and increased tone of the muscles of the genital organ and its ligaments. Often patients are additionally prescribed hormonal replacement therapy drugs.

Prevention during pregnancy

Of great importance in the prevention of this pathology during pregnancy is its professional management and competent provision of obstetric care during childbirth. Expectant mothers need to visit a doctor at the appointed time to undergo routine examinations in the residential complex and give birth in specialized hospitals - maternity hospitals or perinatal centers.
During the postpartum period, it is important to avoid physical activity and regularly perform gymnastic exercises to maintain the tone of the muscles of the pelvic organs and the anterior wall of the peritoneum. The intensity of the load, how often to perform the exercises and when to start training are determined by the attending physician after assessing the woman’s physical condition.

Uterine prolapse occurs as a result of decreased tone of the pelvic muscles. Quite often, for this diagnosis, surgical treatment is prescribed, the meaning of which is to fix the organ or shorten ligaments, etc., due to which the uterus is “pulled” to its physiological position. But can this condition be treated conservatively and at home? Much in this case will depend on the degree of development of the pathology, its course, the characteristics of the state of the reproductive system and the ligamentous apparatus in the pelvis. Some therapeutic methods prescribed by a doctor can be carried out at home to significantly improve the condition.

Collapse

Is it possible to completely cure uterine prolapse at home?

At the first stage of development of the disease (that is, with a very slight prolapse), doctors quite often prescribe treatment for the condition at home. This is due to the fact that at the first stage conservative therapy is prescribed and surgery is not required. Therefore, a complete cure is possible. However, traditional medicine methods are still not able to replace medications prescribed by a doctor, so traditional recipes are best used as a supplement.

Treatment at home for the second stage (slightly more severe prolapse) is also carried out. Usually, it is a combination of massage methods, gymnastics and drug treatment. Traditional recipes, as in the previous case, can be used as additional ones, but you cannot rely on them completely during treatment.

At the third stage, the condition can be called quite severe. It is usually not completely cured on an outpatient basis or at home. To correct the location of the uterus in this situation, surgical intervention is often necessary. However, the patient should also carry out some therapeutic measures at home. You can supplement such therapy with folk recipes, but you must also follow all the specialist’s recommendations in full, because it is completely impossible to cure the condition at this stage at home on your own.

How to treat uterine prolapse at home? No way. This condition, also called stage four prolapse, cannot be cured at home. In this condition, the organ prolapses into the vagina, and then, along with the vagina, outward, beyond the genital opening. There are no home remedies that can cure this condition. In addition, any delay in starting treatment can be dangerous, since this condition is fraught with infections, injuries, etc.

From what was written above, we can conclude that in the first stage, the disease can be cured completely at home. Sometimes this happens the second time. However, “home” methods should not be used instead of, but together with the therapy prescribed by a specialist.

Herbal treatment

How, in fact, can conservative treatment affect the position of the uterus? As is the case with medications taken systemically, traditional medications affect the tone of muscles, ligaments and fascia indirectly. That is, they increase this tone, eliminating the reason why it decreased (sometimes). As a result of such measures, the uterus, over time, returns to its normal physiological position.

For example, prolapse can be cured without surgery if it is caused by a hormonal imbalance. In this situation, normalization of hormone levels stops the pathological process. And gymnastics and massage strengthen already stretched ligaments. The principle of action is approximately the same in the case of other pathologies.

It is important to remember that decoctions, infusions, etc. from herbs are much lower in effectiveness compared to medications. In fact, their use is not capable of having a significant effect on the body, so you cannot completely rely on them for treatment. Herbs alone, and even in combination with massage and gymnastics, cannot significantly affect the position of the uterus and even muscle tone.

Quince

In order to restore the tone of the uterus at home, you can drink a simple quince compote. It is used like any other (in the same volumes, with the same frequency). You need to prepare it by taking the ingredients (water and fruit) in proportions of 10 to 1. Add sugar or honey to taste. Compote will increase the tone of all pelvic organs.

Datura

Take 7 liters of boiling water and add 20 grams of this herb. Cover the container with a lid and leave to steep for 15-20 minutes. After that, add the infusion to a bath filled with warm water. Take a sitz bath in this mixture for 15 minutes.

Melissa

Melissa has a positive effect on the tone of ligaments and muscles. You need to drink it regularly, the courses can be quite long depending on how long the rest of the uterine treatment lasts. In addition, you can drink it during the recovery period. It rarely causes an allergic reaction, and therefore can be successfully used even by women who are prone to allergies. In addition, it has almost no side effects or contraindications.

How to carry out treatment without surgery using this method? You can brew lemon balm as a decoction either fresh or dried. To create a drinking infusion, take 2 tablespoons of the herb and pour two glasses of boiling water. It is better to mix these components in a thermos, which must then be tightly closed and the mixture infused for 3-4 hours.

After complete infusion, it must be strained. The infusion is taken a quarter glass before each meal, one hour before it. But no more than one glass a day.

There is another way. Combine 75 g of lemon balm, the same amount of oregano and 100 g of coltsfoot. Prepare a drinking infusion in the same way as from one lemon balm (2 tablespoons of the mixture and two glasses of water). Take it the same way.

<Лечебная гимнастика>

Elecampane

Pour a tablespoon of plant material into two glasses of vodka. Mix thoroughly and leave the mixture to infuse in a dark container under a lid for 10 days. In this case, the place should be sufficiently dark and cool. Treatment with folk remedies of this type is carried out daily. Take 1 teaspoon on an empty stomach.

Therapeutic baths

It is believed that uterine prolapse or prolapse can also be influenced by methods applied locally. That is, sometimes it is recommended, for example, to use baths with medicinal ingredients. One of the most popular recipes is the following:

Take 1 cup of pine nuts and pour two liters of boiling water;
Place the mixture in an enamel saucepan with a lid;
Boil the mixture over very low heat, without boiling, for one hour;
Turn off the stove and leave the mixture to steep under the lid for another half hour;
Filter the composition.

This volume of composition is enough to take one bath. Pour water at a temperature of about 37-38 degrees into it and pour in the broth. Take a bath in the decoction for 15 minutes. Such sessions should be carried out every other day. This will not directly cure uterine prolapse, but it has a good effect when used along with other methods.

Recipes for douching

An infusion of oak bark works best. Pour 8 glasses of water (cold, filtered) into 70 grams of plant material (oak bark). The mixture is brought to a boil, then the heat is reduced and the mixture is boiled for two hours. The broth must be filtered and divided into three parts. One part is enough for a single douching. Douche with the solution once a day, in the evening, after a shower.

Physiotherapy

If the patient usually uses folk remedies at her own peril and risk, then with gymnastics the situation is different. This is a method that has proven its effectiveness and has proven itself in the treatment of this pathology. Sometimes prolapse in the early stages can, in fact, be cured with exercise alone. This method is prescribed by doctors, and a set of exercises is prescribed by a physical therapy specialist.

Yoga, performed under the supervision of a specialist, has no contraindications;
Exercise “Bicycle”, aimed at strengthening the abdominal muscles;
Exercise “Scissors”, performed for the same purpose;
Traditional morning exercises.

All these methods will generally have a positive effect on the body and help return the uterus to its physiologically normal position.

Kegel exercises

Kegel exercises are a specific set of activities aimed at increasing the tone of the pelvic muscles. They are quite effective and have proven themselves. Includes 4 basic exercises that need to be performed as often and for as long as possible. Moreover, within a month the patient will probably feel the effect of them.

What exercises do such gymnastics usually include?

Tension of the perineal muscles when inhaling. Then you need to hold your breath for at least 10 seconds, then exhale calmly, relaxing your muscles. You need to do as many of these exercises as possible per day;
Tighten your muscles gradually, holding each stage for 3-5 seconds. In this case, the number of stages can be anything. This is followed by a sharp and complete relaxation;
The fastest and most intense, repeated contraction of the perineal muscles. The more often you do this exercise, the better;
Push with maximum force and for as long as possible, holding your breath.

In addition, there is a set of exercises according to Yunusov. It can also be used. It includes only one exercise - simulating retention of the stream during urination. You just need to do this exercise as often as possible. However, most doctors still prefer the Kegel method.

Massotherapy

Massage during uterine prolapse in the first and second stages of prolapse development is of great importance. It is almost the main method of treatment during this period. A special gynecological massage is performed. This is a complex of effects on the muscles of the perineum and abdomen, which lead to increased elasticity of the abdominal wall and increased tone of muscles and ligaments. This type of massage should be performed strictly by a professional.

When the pelvic organs prolapse, it is important not only to carry out competent treatment in order to lift them, but also to follow a number of recommendations regarding lifestyle:

Lead a generally healthy lifestyle, eat right;
Reduce the amount of physical activity, temporarily cancel fitness classes, dancing, etc.;
Do not lift heavy objects;
Carefully follow the doctor's recommendations;
Wear a special gynecological bandage for at least 12 hours a day to relieve stress on the muscles.

The video presented in this material talks in more detail about this diagnosis and the features of living with it, as well as treatment methods and the causes of prolapse.

Muscles, fascia and ligaments hold the organs in the pelvis in an anatomically normal position. With age, under the influence of various factors, the supporting apparatus weakens. The most unpleasant thing is that this pathological condition also affects other nearby organs. This is most often the bladder and rectum.

A woman who has prolapse first stops enjoying sex and then loses the ability to have sex. Over time, she develops urinary and fecal incontinence.

Among the entire population, uterine prolapse is common in direct proportion to the number of births and the age of the patients. Under the age of 30, 10% of women suffer from this disease, among 40-year-olds it occurs in 40%, and over 50, half of the fair sex experience it.

Uterine prolapse does not depend on ethnicity or region of residence and occurs in all countries of the world.

Stages

Uterine prolapse has various systematizations and classifications depending on the degree of severity.

I – prolapse of the walls of the uterus is observed, and the vagina ceases to close.

II – prolapse of the uterus, rectum and bladder is noted.

III - in addition to the prolapse of the uterus, prolapse of the cervix is also noticeable.

IV – the fundus of the uterus is located in the vagina.

V – prolapse of organs with outward reversal.

Etiology

There can be different reasons for uterine prolapse to occur:

Most often, prolapse occurs after trauma during childbirth. This is observed in cases of twin births, large babies, or obstetric complications.
Operations, especially gynecological ones. It is not uncommon for uterine prolapse to develop after a cesarean section.
Congenital defects of the pelvic organs.
Connective tissue dysplasia syndrome.
Damage and diseases of the nerves innervating the pelvic area.
Perineal ruptures due to childbirth, trauma.
Old age, when the muscles fall into a state of hypotension and atony, is a risk factor for the onset of uterine prolapse.
Reduced levels of female sex hormones (estrogens) during postmenopause.
Physical labor associated with carrying and lifting heavy objects.
Severe, persistent cough.
Chronic long-term constipation.
Overweight.
Hereditary predisposition. Uterine prolapse is most likely if it occurs in female relatives.
Neoplasms of the female genital organs cause prolapse of the uterus. These include fibroids and cysts.

prolapse and prolapse stage

Manifestations

If a woman has uterine prolapse, the symptoms do not go unnoticed. Patients often attribute them to gynecological or other diseases. The older the pathology is, the more pronounced the symptoms are.

Uterine prolapse, once it appears, does not disappear and does not stop development. The disease progresses steadily over the years, which is a common reason why patients become accustomed to their condition.

The first sign is often pain during sexual intercourse. Then the menstrual cycle is disrupted. Heavy, painful periods are possible.

Later, pain bothers the woman even during the rest period. Unpleasant aching and pulling sensations are localized in the lower abdomen, in the lumbar region, sacrum and between the legs. Bloody, mucous or watery discharge appears during the intermenstrual period. It is also possible to feel a foreign body in the vagina.

Prolapse of the uterus leads to infertility, premature birth, missed abortion, or recurrent miscarriage develops.

At the next stage, nearby organs begin to suffer. Urination becomes difficult or, on the contrary, becomes more frequent, and incontinence appears. Due to compression of the bladder, its blood supply and urine outflow worsen. Instead of being excreted, urine may flow back up into the kidneys.

Due to backflow and stagnation of urine, infections and. Therefore, patients diagnosed with uterine prolapse often suffer from urological and nephrological diseases. Women often develop cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, and sometimes urolithiasis occurs. If uterine prolapse is not treated, the kidney swells (hydronephrosis) due to difficulty in the outflow of urine.

The rectum also appears to be interested. Sick women complain of prolonged constipation, inflammation of the rectum, and incontinence of gas or feces. Proctological symptoms occur in 30% of patients.

In later stages, sexual intercourse becomes impossible.

In advanced cases, uterine prolapse can be detected independently. When a woman strains, a red, round formation, shiny or dry, peeks out from the external opening of the vagina. When walking or changing body position, the uterus is inevitably injured. Abrasions, bruises, cracks and ulcers appear on it.

Injury is accompanied by ulcerations and infections. Discharge from the genital tract becomes constant, bloody with pus. When bedsores appear, the smell of rotting emanates from patients.

On examination, patients have swelling of the labia, uterus, vagina and upper thighs. The uterus and vagina also become bluish due to inadequate blood circulation. The blood stagnates and poorly supplies tissues and organs with oxygen and nutrients. Uterine prolapse can cause the formation of necrotic changes in organs and tissues.

Deterioration of the outflow of venous blood causes changes in the venous vessels. Chronic varicose veins most often affect the vessels of the lower extremities and hemorrhoidal veins. Chronic hemorrhoids are manifested by bleeding from the anus.

Complications

If you don't take your health seriously when you have uterine prolapse, the consequences will be unfavorable.

Uterine prolapse can be complicated by:

prolapse and strangulation of the uterus;
bedsores of the vaginal walls;
strangulation of intestinal loops;
inversion of the uterus and vagina;
severe bleeding from the genital tract;
infections of the genitals and other internal organs;
sepsis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of uterine prolapse is made by a gynecologist after a vaginal examination. A reliable sign is the prolapse of the uterus into the vaginal cavity. In order for the doctor to determine the extent of the disease, the patient needs to push. The stage is determined from the level of the uterine fundus. Vaginal and rectal examinations make it possible to determine the location of internal organs and the degree of their displacement relative to normal positions.

Women with this pathology are recommended to undergo colposcopy. This is a simple procedure that does not require the administration of drugs, and is performed on a gynecological chair using a colposcope device. The gynecologist evaluates uterine prolapse, the condition of the vagina and cervix.

Uterine prolapse negatively affects nearby body structures. Patients should be consulted by a proctologist and urologist. These specialists determine the degree of damage to the rectum and bladder, and the severity of bowel incontinence.

Smears are taken from the vagina and cervix for microflora and atypical cells. The material is used to inoculate on nutrient media, and the cleanliness of the vagina is assessed.

Hysterosalipngoscopy allows you to diagnose the uterus and fallopian tubes endoscopically for the presence of other diseases.

Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs is preferable with a transvaginal probe. But with pronounced prolapse, the information content of the method decreases, then abdominal ultrasound diagnostics are performed. Also, using ultrasound, the kidneys are examined for the presence of stones or pyelonephritis.

Computer or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging allows you to clarify uterine prolapse and qualitatively examine the pelvic and abdominal organs.

Patients must undergo a general blood and urine test, a biochemical blood test, and urine microflora tests.

Treatment

If you have been given a preliminary or final diagnosis of uterine prolapse, your doctor should explain what to do. If necessary, he will prescribe additional studies, consultations with doctors of other specialties, recommendations and treatment.

Most women are afraid of surgical treatment and want to know if uterine prolapse can be cured without surgery. There are treatment options that are used depending on the severity of the process, the woman’s age, desire to have children, the presence of concomitant pathologies, and the degree of involvement of the bladder and intestines. Once uterine prolapse is diagnosed, treatment should begin immediately after detection.

Conservative methods of therapy

Treatment of uterine prolapse without surgery is possible only at an early stage.

Gymnastics

Among women nowadays, exercises for prolapse of the uterus are very popular.

Exercises for training intimate muscles that can be performed anywhere and anytime:

Alternate tension and relaxation of the perineum while standing or sitting for 5-10 seconds. Repeat as often as possible.
Stepwise compression of the perineum. First, without much effort, squeeze the muscles in the groin for 5 seconds, then increase the tension for another 5 seconds, then squeeze the muscles with all your might and hold them in this state for 5 seconds. Repeat 10 times a day.
Tighten and relax your perineal muscles as hard and fast as possible until you feel tired.

Exercises performed at home will strengthen the pelvic and abdominal muscles:

Lie on your back, bend your knees. Make movements with your legs that imitate riding a bicycle.
Lie on your back with your legs raised about 45 degrees. Raise one leg over the other and swing your legs simultaneously from side to side, left to right and right to left. Then switch your legs. The one that was lower should be higher.
Lying on your back, raise your straight legs together for 10 seconds.
Lie on your back and bend your knees. Rest your elbows on the floor and lift your hips above the floor. You need to bring your knees closer to your head, then tense your perineum. After 5 seconds, return to a relaxed position.
Lie on your stomach, straighten your legs, bring your knees together. Stretch your arms straight at the elbow joints and clasp them above your head. From this position, lift your legs up, straightening them at the hip joints, and raise your arms. It should look like a “boat”.

In the first week, repeat the exercises 5 times, in the second week 10 times, in the third 15 times, in the fourth 20 times. Uterine prolapse stops progressing with regular exercise. Even a slight reverse development in the initial stage is possible.

Your doctor may prescribe a pessary to treat the prolapse. This is a special medical device that is inserted into the vagina. The pessary holds the cervix in a certain position and does not allow the uterus to descend, resting against the walls of the vagina.

Treatment with a pessary does not last longer than 4 weeks in a row, because prolonged use can cause bedsores and infection. While wearing it, douche with furatsilin every day and visit a gynecologist every 2 weeks.

To prevent the disease from progressing, you need to wear special bandages. Devices that prevent further prolapse of the uterus, the photo of which differs from bandages for other diseases, must be supported not only from the sides, but also from the bottom.

You can read reviews on bandages that are used for the diagnosis of uterine prolapse on the Internet. It is better to focus on your own feelings and try on the bandage before purchasing directly in the store. Shapewear is also produced: panties and shorts.

Drug treatment

The gynecologist will tell you which drug to take for prolapse. To strengthen the ligaments, hormonal drugs are usually prescribed. There are a lot of products with estrogen, they contain different doses of female sex hormones. You can find out exactly what pills to take during uterine prolapse after donating blood for a hormonal test.

Unconventional treatment

Some women prefer traditional therapy to treat popular uterine prolapse. Remember that these remedies do not replace, but only complement the main treatment.

Take 20 g of dandelion leaves and pour hot water over them. Let it sit for 3 hours and add the resulting mixture to a hot bath. Take the water procedure for no longer than 15 minutes.

When performed correctly, massage helps the pelvic organs maintain tone. It should only be done by a certified and experienced specialist. During the course of manual therapy you should sleep on your stomach.

Surgical methods of treatment

If you want to forget for a long time that such uterine prolapse, surgery is inevitable.

What operations are most often performed for uterine prolapse:

Suturing the uterus as it descends to the pelvic ligaments, sacrum or pubic symphysis. The round uterine ligaments are also shortened and fixed to the posterior or anterior wall of the uterus. The disadvantage of these interventions is that after some time the uterus may prolapse again due to sprained ligaments.
Plastic surgery of the vaginal anterior wall, plastic surgery of the cervix during prolapse, fascia of the vagina and pelvis.
Stitching the ligaments together often leads to infertility.
Laparoscopic surgery using special “meshes”. They are created from modern elastic materials, remain inside the woman and create support for the uterus. Fertility remains intact, scars and adhesions do not form.
In our time, removal of the uterus during prolapse is carried out only in the presence of concomitant diseases that require a hysterectomy. Bladder prolapse may become worse after hysterectomy, as can rectal prolapse. If possible, they try to preserve the organ.

Below is a video about the latest technique for eliminating uterine prolapse

To prevent recurrence after surgery, you must follow the rules:

avoid lifting things weighing more than 5 kg for six months after surgery, and more than 10 kg for life;
frequent constipation can lead to the fact that uterine prolapse will make itself felt again;
if there is no medical prohibition, do gymnastics to strengthen intimate muscles using the Kegel system;
do not forget to take the hormonal medications prescribed to you;
if your work involves physical activity, you should switch to another type of activity;
You cannot be sexually active for a month after surgery.

At the first sign of uterine prolapse, consult your doctor immediately. A timely diagnosis facilitates treatment.

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– incorrect position of the uterus, displacement of the fundus and cervix below the anatomical and physiological boundary due to weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and uterine ligaments. In most patients, uterine prolapse is usually accompanied by downward displacement of the vagina. Prolapse of the uterus is manifested by a feeling of pressure, discomfort, nagging pain in the lower abdomen and vagina, urination disorder (difficulty, increased frequency of urination, urinary incontinence), pathological discharge from the vagina. May be complicated by partial or complete prolapse of the uterus. Uterine prolapse is diagnosed during a gynecological examination. Depending on the degree of uterine prolapse, treatment tactics can be conservative or surgical.

General information

– incorrect position of the uterus, displacement of the fundus and cervix below the anatomical and physiological boundary due to weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and uterine ligaments. It manifests itself as a feeling of pressure, discomfort, nagging pain in the lower abdomen and vagina, urination disorder (difficulty, increased frequency of urination, urinary incontinence), pathological discharge from the vagina. May be complicated by partial or complete prolapse of the uterus.

The most common variants of incorrect location of the internal genital organs of a woman are prolapse of the uterus and its prolapse (uterocele). When the uterus prolapses, its cervix and fundus shift below the anatomical border, but the cervix does not appear from the genital slit even with straining. Extension of the uterus beyond the genital slit is regarded as prolapse. Downward displacement of the uterus precedes its partial or complete prolapse. In most patients, uterine prolapse is usually accompanied by downward displacement of the vagina.

Uterine prolapse is a fairly common pathology that occurs in women of all ages: it is diagnosed in 10% of women under 30, at the age of 30-40 it is detected in 40% of women, and after the age of 50 it occurs in half. 15% of all genital surgeries are performed for prolapse or prolapse of the uterus.

Uterine prolapse is most often associated with weakening of the ligamentous apparatus of the uterus, as well as the muscles and fascia of the pelvic floor and often lead to displacement of the rectum (rectocele) and bladder (cystocele), accompanied by dysfunction of these organs. Often, uterine prolapse begins to develop during childbearing age and always has a progressive course. As the uterus prolapses, the accompanying functional disorders become more pronounced, which brings physical and mental suffering to the woman and often leads to partial or complete loss of ability to work.

The normal position of the uterus is considered to be its location in the pelvis, at an equal distance from its walls, between the rectum and the bladder. The uterus has an anterior tilt of the body, forming an obtuse angle between the cervix and the body. The cervix is deviated posteriorly, forms an angle of 70-100° relative to the vagina, its external os is adjacent to the posterior wall of the vagina. The uterus has sufficient physiological mobility and can change its position depending on the filling of the rectum and bladder.

The typical, normal location of the uterus in the pelvic cavity is facilitated by its own tone, relationship with adjacent organs, and the ligamentous and muscular apparatus of the uterus and pelvic floor. Any violation of the architectonics of the uterine apparatus contributes to prolapse of the uterus or its prolapse.

Classification of uterine prolapse and prolapse

There are the following stages of uterine prolapse and prolapse:

prolapse of the body and cervix - the cervix is determined above the level of the entrance to the vagina, but does not protrude beyond the genital slit;
partial uterine prolapse - the cervix appears from the genital slit during straining, physical exertion, sneezing, coughing, lifting heavy objects;
incomplete prolapse of the body and fundus of the uterus - the cervix and part of the body of the uterus protrude from the genital slit;
complete prolapse of the body and fundus of the uterus - exit of the uterus beyond the genital slit.

Causes of uterine prolapse and prolapse

Anatomical defects of the pelvic floor that develop as a result of:

damage to the pelvic floor muscles;
birth injuries - when applying obstetric forceps, vacuum extraction of the fetus or removing the fetus by the buttocks;
previous surgical operations on the genital organs (radical vulvectomy);
deep perineal lacerations;
disturbances of the innervation of the genitourinary diaphragm;
congenital malformations of the pelvic area;
estrogen deficiency developing during menopause;

Risk factors for the development of uterine prolapse and its subsequent prolapse include multiple births in history, heavy physical labor and heavy lifting, advanced and senile age, heredity, increased intra-abdominal pressure caused by obesity, abdominal tumors, chronic constipation, and cough.

Often, the interaction of a number of factors plays a role in the development of uterine prolapse, under the influence of which the ligamentous-muscular apparatus of the internal organs and the pelvic floor weakens. With an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, the uterus is forced out of the pelvic floor. Prolapse of the uterus entails displacement of anatomically closely related organs - the vagina, rectum (rectocele) and bladder (cystocele). Rectocele and cystocele enlarge due to internal pressure in the rectum and bladder, which causes further prolapse of the uterus.

Symptoms of prolapse and uterine prolapse

If left untreated, uterine prolapse is characterized by gradual progression of displacement of the pelvic organs. In the initial stages, uterine prolapse is manifested by nagging pain and pressure in the lower abdomen, sacrum, lower back, sensation of a foreign body in the vagina, dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse), and the appearance of leucorrhoea or bloody discharge from the vagina. A characteristic manifestation of uterine prolapse is changes in menstrual function such as hyperpolymenorrhea and algomenorrhea. Often, when the uterus prolapses, infertility is noted, although pregnancy cannot be ruled out.

Subsequently, the symptoms of uterine prolapse are joined by urological disorders, which are observed in 50% of patients: difficulty or frequent urination, development of the symptom of residual urine, congestion in the urinary organs and subsequently infection of the lower and then upper parts of the urinary tract - cystitis, pyelonephritis develop , urolithiasis disease . Long-term progression of uterine prolapse leads to overstretching of the ureters and kidneys (hydronephrosis). Often, downward displacement of the uterus is accompanied by urinary incontinence.

Proctological complications with prolapse and uterine prolapse occur in every third case. These include constipation, colitis, fecal and gas incontinence. Often it is the painful urological and proctological manifestations of uterine prolapse that force patients to turn to related specialists - a urologist and proctologist. With the progression of uterine prolapse, the leading symptom becomes a formation independently detected by the woman, protruding from the genital slit.

The protruding part of the uterus has the appearance of a shiny, matte, cracked, raw surface. Subsequently, as a result of constant trauma when walking, the protruding surface often ulcerates with the formation of deep bedsores, which can bleed and become infected. When the uterus prolapses, circulatory disturbances in the pelvis develop, the occurrence of congestion, cyanosis of the uterine mucosa and swelling of adjacent tissues.

Often, when the uterus is displaced below physiological boundaries, sexual activity becomes impossible. Patients with uterine prolapse often develop varicose veins, mainly of the lower extremities, due to impaired venous outflow. Complications of uterine prolapse and prolapse can also include strangulation of the prolapsed uterus, bedsores of the vaginal walls, and strangulation of intestinal loops.

Diagnosis of uterine prolapse and prolapse

Uterine prolapse and prolapse can be diagnosed by consulting a gynecologist during a gynecological examination. To determine the degree of uterine prolapse, the doctor asks the patient to push, after which, during vaginal and rectal examination, he determines the displacement of the walls of the vagina, bladder and rectum. Women with displacement of the genital organs are registered at the dispensary. It is mandatory for patients with such uterine pathology to undergo colposcopy.

In cases of prolapse and prolapse of the uterus, requiring organ-preserving plastic surgery, and with concomitant diseases of the uterus, additional examination methods are included in the diagnostic complex:

hysterosalpingoscopy and diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity;
ultrasound diagnostics of the pelvic organs;
taking smears for flora, degree of vaginal cleanliness, bacterial culture, and also to determine atypical cells;
urine culture to exclude urinary tract infections;
excretory urography to exclude urinary tract obstruction;
computed tomography to clarify the condition of the pelvic organs.

Patients with uterine prolapse are examined by a proctologist and urologist to determine the presence of rectocele and cystocele. They assess the condition of the sphincters of the rectum and bladder to identify gas and urinary incontinence under stress. Prolapse and prolapse of the uterus should be distinguished from uterine inversion, vaginal cyst, newborn myomatous node and differential diagnosis should be carried out.

Treatment of uterine prolapse and prolapse

When choosing treatment tactics, the following factors are taken into account:

The degree of prolapse or prolapse of the uterus.
The presence and nature of gynecological diseases accompanying uterine prolapse.
The need and possibility of restoring or maintaining menstrual and reproductive functions.
Patient's age.
The nature of dysfunction of the sphincters of the bladder, rectum, and colon.
The degree of anesthetic and surgical risk in the presence of concomitant diseases.

Taking into account the combination of these factors, treatment tactics are determined, which can be either conservative or surgical.

Conservative treatment of uterine prolapse and prolapse

When the uterus prolapses, when it does not reach the genital slit and the functions of adjacent organs are not impaired, conservative treatment is used, which may include:

physical therapy aimed at strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles (Kegel exercises, according to Yunusov);
estrogen replacement therapy, which strengthens the ligamentous apparatus;
local introduction into the vagina of ointments containing metabolites and estrogens;
transferring a woman to lighter physical work.

If it is impossible to carry out surgical treatment for prolapse or prolapse of the uterus in elderly patients, the use of vaginal tampons and pessaries, which are thick rubber rings of various diameters, is indicated. The pessary contains air inside, which gives it elasticity and firmness. Once inserted into the vagina, the ring creates support for the displaced uterus. When inserted into the vagina, the ring rests against the vaginal vault and fixes the cervix in a special hole. The pessary should not be left in the vagina for a long time due to the risk of developing bedsores. When using pessaries to treat uterine prolapse, it is necessary to perform daily vaginal douching with chamomile decoction, solutions of furatsilin or potassium permanganate, and see a gynecologist twice a month. Pessaries can be left in the vagina for 3-4 weeks, followed by a break for 2 weeks.

Surgical treatment of uterine prolapse and prolapse

A more effective radical method of treating uterine prolapse or prolapse is surgery, the indications for which are the ineffectiveness of conservative therapy and a significant degree of organ displacement. Modern surgical gynecology for uterine prolapse offers many types of surgical operations that can be structured according to the leading feature - anatomical formation, which is used to correct and strengthen the position of organs.

The first group of surgical interventions includes vaginoplasty - plastic surgery aimed at strengthening the muscles and fascia of the vagina, bladder and pelvic floor (for example, colpoperineolevatoroplasty, anterior colporrhaphy). Since the muscles and fascia of the pelvic floor are always involved in the prolapse of the uterus, colpoperineolevatoroplasty is performed in all types of operations as a main or additional stage.

The second large group of operations involves shortening and strengthening the round ligaments supporting the uterus and fixing them to the anterior or posterior wall of the uterus. This group of operations is not as effective and produces the greatest number of relapses. This is explained by the use of the round ligaments of the uterus, which have the ability to stretch, for fixation.

The third group of operations for uterine prolapse is used to strengthen the fixation of the uterus by suturing the ligaments together. Some operations in this group deprive patients of their ability to bear children in the future. The fourth group of surgical interventions consists of operations with fixation of displaced organs to the walls of the pelvic floor (sacral, pubic bone, pelvic ligaments, etc.).

The fifth group of operations includes interventions using alloplastic materials used to strengthen ligaments and fix the uterus. The disadvantages of this type of operation include a significant number of relapses of uterine prolapse, alloplast rejection, and the development of fistulas. The sixth group of operations for this pathology includes surgical interventions leading to partial narrowing of the vaginal lumen. The last group of operations includes radical removal of the uterus - hysterectomy, in cases where there is no need to preserve reproductive function.

Preference at the present stage is given to combined surgical treatment, which simultaneously includes fixation of the uterus, vaginal plastic surgery, and strengthening of the ligamentous-muscular apparatus of the pelvic floor using one of the methods. All types of operations used in the treatment of uterine prolapse or prolapse are performed through vaginal access or through the anterior abdominal wall (abdominal or laparoscopic access). After the operation, a course of conservative measures is required: physical therapy, diet therapy to eliminate constipation, and avoidance of physical activity.

Prevention of uterine prolapse and prolapse

The most important preventive measures for uterine prolapse and uterine prolapse is adherence to a rational regimen, starting from the girl’s childhood. In the future, it is necessary to strictly adhere to legislation in the field of women's labor protection, to prevent heavy physical work, lifting and carrying weights over 10 kg.

During pregnancy and childbirth, the risk of genital displacement increases. In the development of uterine prolapse, not only the number of births plays an important role, but also the correct management of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Properly provided obstetric care, protection of the perineum, avoidance of protracted labor, and selection of the correct delivery method will help to avoid future troubles associated with uterine prolapse.

Important preventive measures in the postpartum period are careful comparison and restoration of perineal tissue, prevention of septic complications. After childbirth, in order to prevent uterine prolapse, it is necessary to perform gymnastics that strengthens the muscles of the pelvic floor, abdominal muscles, and ligaments; in cases of traumatic labor, prescribe laser therapy and electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor muscles. In the early postpartum period, heavy physical activity is contraindicated. If women are prone to constipation, a diet aimed at preventing constipation is recommended, as well as special therapeutic exercises.

Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of uterine prolapse and prolapse during the premenopausal period: limit excessive physical activity, engage in therapeutic and preventive exercises and sports. An effective way to prevent uterine prolapse during menopause is to prescribe hormone replacement therapy, which improves blood supply and strengthens the ligaments of the pelvic organs.

Uterine prolapse is a fairly common disease, which is more often diagnosed in women after 40 years of age, although it can also occur at the age of 20-30 years. The disease develops gradually, constantly progressing. Fortunately, treatment for uterine prolapse almost always produces positive results.

Uterine prolapse is a downward displacement of an organ with gradual or partial prolapse.

There are several degrees of development of the disease. The first degree is also characterized by slight prolapse of the vaginal walls. In the second degree, the walls of the vagina, bladder, and rectum are lowered. In the third degree, the cervix is located directly at the entrance to the vagina. The fourth degree is an incomplete prolapse of the organ, with the cervix extending beyond the vagina. With the fifth degree, there is complete prolapse of the organ with everted vaginal walls.

When the uterus prolapses, pain occurs in the abdomen, sacrum, and sometimes in the lower back. A woman feels the presence of a foreign body in the vagina and experiences pain during sexual intercourse. Leucorrhoea or bloody discharge appears. There is frequent urination. Urine does not hold when sneezing, laughing, coughing, or physical activity. Sometimes intestinal dysfunction occurs: constipation, hemorrhoids, feces. As a rule, other diseases of the genitourinary system also develop: nephritis, kidney prolapse, cystitis and others.

Most often, uterine prolapse occurs in women who have given birth many times, as a result of which the ligaments and muscles that hold the internal organs are weakened. The cause of the disease can be birth injuries and perineal ruptures, congenital diseases of the pelvic area, previous surgical operations on the reproductive organs, connective tissue diseases, impaired supply of nerves to the urogenital diaphragm, estrogen deficiency during menopause, abnormal position of the uterus, especially its posterior deviation.

Modern gynecology does not consider uterine prolapse a terrible diagnosis, since the disease is very successfully treated at all stages. Although in some cases serious complications of the disease are possible.

So, the woman was diagnosed with uterine prolapse. How to treat?

There are conservative, surgical and traditional methods of treating the disease, the choice of which is individual and depends on the stage of the disease.

For small degrees of prolapse, conservative treatment is practiced.

Prolapse of the uterus. How to treat non-surgically?

Such treatment includes special gymnastics that strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

When the uterus prolapses, a uterine ring is used, which is inserted into the vagina to hold the cervix in the desired position. The disadvantage of this method is that the ring often falls down, it must be constantly washed and removed during sexual intercourse.

In the non-surgical treatment method, hormonal drugs are used to strengthen the genital ligaments and improve blood supply to this area.

With this pathology, you should follow a diet that relieves constipation, wear a bandage, and avoid lifting weights and heavy physical work.

It is considered a very effective and proven remedy, which cannot be avoided in the last stages of uterine prolapse and prolapse.

Prolapse of the uterus. How to treat surgically?

If a woman is no longer going to give birth, then it is advisable to have the uterus removed. If the reproductive organs need to be preserved, then an operation is performed using artificial materials - prolene mesh. Now doctors have access to advanced technologies that allow surgery to be performed through the vagina and through punctures. At the same time, an operation is performed that normalizes the position of the bladder, which eliminates problems with urination.

Prolapse of the uterus. How to treat with folk remedies?

Traditional medicine has always been very popular among people. When the uterus is prolapsed, medicinal herbs and infusions are used. Traditional methods are aimed at eliminating pain and improving the tone of the uterine muscles.

There are many simple recipes that have long been used by folk healers.

Pour half a liter of boiling water over lemon balm (2 tablespoons) and leave in a thermos overnight. Drink two-thirds of a glass an hour before meals.

Mix 75 grams of oregano and lemon balm, and 100 grams of coltsfoot. Two tbsp. Pour boiling water (half a liter) over spoons of dry collection and leave for about 8 hours. An hour before meals, drink two-thirds of a glass.

Pour 70 grams of oak bark with water (two liters), boil over low heat for 2 hours. Carry out douching daily for a month.

Pour half a liter of vodka over a heaped tablespoon of dried elecampane roots and leave in the dark for 10 days. Take a tablespoon orally every morning on an empty stomach.