In today's lesson you will learn how the Greeks, despite the numerical superiority of the enemy, were able to defend their independence.

After the death of Darius, his son Xerxes became the ruler of the Persian state. In 480 BC. e. King Xerxes led his hordes to Hellas. Most of Xerxes' warriors were recruited from conquered peoples. The interests of the Persian king and the nobility were alien to them.

A narrow strait separated Europe from Asia. By order of Xerxes, bridges were built to connect both banks, but a storm broke out and demolished these bridges. Xerxes, enraged, ordered the builders' heads to be cut off, and inflicted an unprecedented punishment on the sea. The cries lashed him with whips, saying: “Oh, you bitter sea moisture! Here's to you from our lord! Remember well, the king will cross you, whether you want it or not!” (Fig. 2) Other craftsmen built a new bridge. The crossing to the European coast lasted seven days.

Rice. 2. Crossing the Hellespont ()

A huge army invaded Northern Greece. He was followed by a convoy with food, and herds of bulls were being driven. The Persian fleet was sailing along the coast. This happened 10 years later, in 480 BC. e., after the Battle of Marathon. Having crossed the Hellespont Strait to the European coast, the army moved along the European coast, and having invaded Northern Greece, it began to occupy region after region. The Greeks did not dare to open battle.

The only route that led from Northern to Central Greece was the Thermopylae Pass, which 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians under the command of Leonidas decided to defend, blocking the Persians’ road. The detachment led by Leonidas heroically defended Thermopylae, but could not resist due to the betrayal of one Greek, who led the Persians to the rear of the troops of King Leonidas. Wanting to save the army from defeat, Leonidas gave the order for the immediate retreat of the Greek troops, and he himself, with a detachment of selected infantry of 300 Spartans, fell on the battlefield. At the site of the battle, a monument was erected in the form of a stone lion with the inscription: “Stranger, take the news to all the citizens of Lacedaemon: having honestly fulfilled the law, here we lie in the grave” (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Monument to Leonidas and 300 Spartans ()

Having captured Thermopylae, the hordes of Xerxes poured into Central Greece. Plundering its regions, trampling fields, cutting down vineyards and olive trees, the invaders approached Athens.

By decision of the People's Assembly, the inhabitants of Attica hastily left their homes. Many women, old people and children moved to the island of Salamis under the protection of the fleet. Men able to bear arms entered the ships. All of Attica was deserted. The Persians entered Athens, set them on fire, and destroyed the temples. The Persian warships anchored in a bay near Athens. Nearby, in the narrow strait between Salamis and Attica, there was a Greek fleet numbering about four hundred ships. From here one could see how the most beautiful of the cities of Hellas was burning.

At the general council of military leaders, many commanders insisted on withdrawing the fleet to the Isthmus of Corinth to protect southern Greece. Only the Athenian strategist Themistocles convinced them to fight in the Strait of Salamis, where the Hellenes were familiar with every pitfall and all wind directions. He begged to think about the fate of Athenian women and children. The Greeks argued for a long time, not knowing what to do. But at dawn they saw that the exits from the strait were blocked by the Persian fleet. The battle became inevitable.

Xerxes watched his progress, sitting on a golden throne, from the high bank of Attica. The superiority in the number of ships created confidence in victory. Meanwhile, a strong wind rose. He rocked the high-deck ships of the Persians, but was not dangerous to the low triremes. The Greeks dealt the first blows to the enemies.

The battle was described by its participant, the poet Aeschylus. “A loud cry was heard: “Forward, sons of Hellas!” Save your homeland, save your wives, your children, the gods of your fathers, the temples, the tombs of your ancestors: the battle now is for everything!” ...At first the Persian army stood firm; when the ships crowded together in the strait, they could not help each other and struck their own with copper noses - then they all died. And under the wreckage of broken ships, under the blood of the dead, the surface of the sea disappeared” (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Battle of Salamis ()

The Salamis victory was decisive in the course of the Greek Persian wars. After the defeat, Xerxes left Greece, leaving part of the land army in it. And a year later, at the Battle of Plataea, it was defeated. The Greeks defended their independence in a difficult and lengthy struggle.

Bibliography

1. A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya. Ancient world history. 5th grade - M.: Education, 2006.
2. Nemirovsky A.I. History reading book ancient world. - M.: Education, 1991.

1. Historylib.org()
2. Ancienthistory.spb.ru ()
3. Home-edu.ru ()

Homework

1. How did the Greeks prepare for the Persian invasion?
2. Why was the command of the Greek army entrusted to the Spartans?
3. Why did the Greeks defeat the outnumbered Persian army?

State educational institution of the LPR "Seleznevskaya school No. 18"

PUBLIC LESSON

BY HISTORY

« INVASION OF PERSIAN TROOPS ON HELLAS"

(5th grade)

Prepared by: Sklyarova Oksana Sergeevna

a history teacher

Seleznevskaya school No. 18

2016

Lesson "Invasion of Persian troops in Hellas."

Target : Complete the study of the history of the heroic struggle of the Greek city-states with the Persian power, show the heroic struggle of the Greek city-states with the Persian power using the example of the Battle of Thermopylae and the Battle of Salamis, continue to develop the skills to correctly show historical objects on the map, read map diagrams, write a story.

Equipment: Textbook by A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya “History of the Ancient World” § 35. table Battle of Salamis, fragment of the film “Battle of Salamis”

During the classes.

Organizing time .

II. Updating knowledge students on the topic “Victory of the Greeks over the Greeks in the Battle of Marathon”:

1.Why in the beginningVV. BC. Darius the First decided to conquer Hellas?(since the Persian nobility sought new conquests, new lands, wealth.)

2. How did many Greek city policies act when the ambassadors of Darius the First arrived?Many Greek city-states immediately submitted to the troops of Darius.

3. How did the Greeks behave when the Persian ambassadors came to them?

(The Athenians threw the ambassadors off a cliff, the Spartans threw them into a well.)

4.Which cities did the Athenians turn to for help? (The Athenians turned to Sparta and Plataea for help).

5.How did the inhabitants of Sparta behave? The Spartans promised to help later

6.Who was appointed to the position of strategist by the People's Assembly in Athens?The Athenians chose Miltiades, who knew military affairs well, to the position of strategist.

7.What help did the residents of the city of Plataea provide?Only the inhabitants of the city of Plataea sent a thousand soldiers.

8.What was the name of the Greek battle formation before the battle?. They formed a phalanx and fought like mad.

9.When did the Battle of Marathon take place? (The Battle of Marathon took place in 490 BC).

10. How did it end? (The Battle of Marathon ended in victory for the Greeks)

11.What was the significance of the Greek victory at Marathon? (The Greeks defeated the Persians for the first time, and the Persians were no longer considered invincible).

12.What reminds us of the Battle of Marathon these days? (Marathon running, 42 km 195 m)

Preparing for a review and generalization lesson .

1. Now we will play the game “Who is first?” I ask questions, and whoever answers the question first and correctly receives a picture of a kolobok with a smile.

What does the word polis mean? (A small independent state in Greece).

Who are called helots? (Slaves in Sparta).

What is democracy? (People power).

What does the word Areopagus mean? (Council of Nobles in Athens).

Who were called citizens? (Free Athenians).

Working with the map.

You know and this is not new:

The map is an important foundation.

Battles, actions and countries

You will be shown tirelessly.

If you have a desire,

Let's get started. All attention.

Show the territory on the map Ancient Greece and its parts. Name them. (Northern, Central, Southern Greece).

Which peninsula is considered Southern Greece? (Peloponnese Peninsula).

Where is the city of Athens? (In Attica).

Where is Sparta? (In Southern Greece, Lakonica region).

Where did the Greeks first defeat the Persians? (In Marathon).

Teacher's summary.

So, we got acquainted with the Battle of Marathon. We learned that thanks to their courage, bravery, and willpower, the Greeks defeated the Persians.

But do you think it was possible to exclude the danger of a new enemy attack?

Of course not. Since the Greeks had money, ships, goods, there was brisk trade in the Aegean Sea, and the Greeks themselves could be turned into subjects of the “king of kings.”

Therefore, Today we will get acquainted with new events from the Greco-Persian troops.

and the topic of the lessonInvasion of Persian troops in Hellas"

Problem task for students:

IV . Introduction to the topic.

Plan:

Preparing the Hellenes for a new war.

Fight in Thermopylae Gorge.

Battle of Salamis.

1. The Athenians were proud of their victory in the Battle of Marathon. But there were new battles with the Persians ahead. Only a few understood this, and among them was Themistocles, the leader of the demos.( Pay attention to fig. us. 165 below). Under his leadership, the Greeks began to prepare for war with the Persians. Themistocles spoke at the national assembly and convinced everyone that the support of democracy was the fleet. The Athenians listened to his opinion and built 200 triremes in a short time. On such a ship there were 180 oarsmen from the Athenian poor.

Themistocles also convinced the Greeks that they needed to unite to fight the Persians. 30 Greek states created an alliance to defend against the Persians. And so in 480. BC. Darius' son Xerxes led his troops to Hellas. A narrow strait separated Europe from Asia. Here Xerxes ordered the construction of a bridge, but a storm arose and the bridge was destroyed. In anger, Xerxes ordered the heads of the bridge builders to be cut off and the sea to be whipped. Other craftsmen built a new bridge. The Persians crossed the new bridge for seven days to the opposite bank. The teacher talks about the Persian crossing of the Hellespont,( Students work with a map ).

(see map) A serious clash with the enemy occurred among the Greeks in the Thermopylae Pass, which separated Northern Greece from Central Greece.(Independent reading by students of the section “Battle in the Thermopylae Gorge” pp. 166-167)

Who led the Greek army that blocked the Persians' path to Thermopylae Gorge? (Tsar Leonidas)

On whose side - the Greeks or the Persians - was there military superiority? quality?

What was the feat of the 300 Spartans?

What are the results of this battle?

Children's answers: A huge Persian army invaded the territory of Northern Greece. A serious clash with the enemy occurred among the Greeks in the Thermopylae Pass, which separated Northern Greece from Central Greece. The united Greek army was led by the Spartan king Leonidas. The Greeks occupied the Thermopylae Gorge and blocked the path of the Persians. Xerxes sent the main forces of the Persian army into a frontal attack, but the Greeks did not retreat. The Persians suffered heavy losses. Xerxes jumped up from his throne three times in fear for his army. All Persian attempts to capture the Thermopylae Gorge ended in failure. On the third day, a local resident came to Xerxes and showed him a bypass path for a reward. Xerxes was delighted and sent his soldiers to the rear of the Greek defenders of Thermopylae. The Hellenes noticed the marching enemy detachment. King Leonidas ordered everyone to retreat, and he himself, along with 300 Spartans, remained to cover the retreat of the Greek troops. 300 Spartans showed courage and heroism in the battle with the Persians. The Spartans fought with King Leonidas until everyone died.

Teacher: The feat of three hundred Spartans saved the Greek army from defeat, but could not save the country from ruin.

The Spartans ordered the withdrawal of troops to the Isthmus of Corinth, separating Central Greece from the Peloponnese. Here, from sea to sea, they began to build a defensive wall.

Attica was given to the Persians without a fight. The Persian cavalry trampled barley and wheat fields, soldiers cut down olive trees and vineyards, and burned villages. Themistocles, in this terrible hour for his homeland, told the Athenians: “The entire adult population must board warships. And women, old people and children must be transported to the island of Salamis under the protection of the navy. The outcome of the war will be decided in a naval battle." (See map)

The Athenians did as Themistocles advised.

When the Persians entered Athens, the city was empty. By order of Xerxes, Athens was set on fire and its temples were destroyed. The Persian warships anchored in a bay near Athens.

Nearby, in the narrow strait between Salamis and Attica, there was a Greek fleet of about 400 ships. From here one could see how the most beautiful of the cities of Hellas was burning.

And so, on the deck of one of the triremes, a military council took place. The commander of the combined army was a Spartan, he stated that he was ordering to sail to the Isthmus of Corinth to protect southern Greece. Themistocles began to object to the commander, urging him to fight in the Strait of Salamis.

Read the text on page 167 below, “The Mistocles’ Cunning the Day Before Battle of Salamis."

Now let’s look at an excerpt from the film “The Battle of Salamis”

Thus ended the Battle of Salamis. Xerxes, leaving part of his army, left Greece. In 479 BC. near the city of Plataea, the remaining Persian army was defeated. The Battle of Salamis became decisive during the Greco-Persian Wars. The Greeks, in a difficult struggle, defended their independence and saved their homeland from the enemy.

Was Themistocles right? How did his talent as a strategist manifest itself?
and the speaker? What legendary hero can we compare Themistocles with? and for his cunning? (WITH Odysseus).

V . Reinforcing what has been learned in the lesson.

At least a little tired,

Shown the power of knowledge

Well, one more step

We'll reinforce the lesson.

1. Guys, what battles during the Greco-Persian wars did we talk about today? (About the Battle of Thermopylae Gorge and the Battle of Salamis).

Now let's fill out the table and find out in which battles did the Greeks defeat the Persians?

Filling out the table “Greco-Persian Wars”

date

Battle

Results of the battle

490g. BC.

Marathon Battle

Greek victory

480g. BC.

Battle in Thermopylae Gorge

Persian victory

480g. BC.

Battle of Salamis

Greek victory

The Greeks defended their independence in a difficult and lengthy struggle.

IX . Checking the problem task, reflection.

Why did Greece, such a small country, manage to defeat such a huge power as Persia?

How do you think,

VI . Lesson summary.

Grading.

Homework: P. 35 of the textbook, learn the terms.

Write a story on behalf of a Greek about any battle (optional).

§ 1 Preparation for war

In 490 BC. The famous Battle of Marathon took place, as a result of which the Persians were expelled from the territory of the Balkan Peninsula, and the myth of their invincibility was dispelled. However, immediately after the troops returned to their homeland, the Persian king Darius began preparing for a new campaign, gathering a huge army.

Many residents of Hellas (as the Greeks themselves called their country) were sure that they should not expect a new attack.

Themistocles, an Athenian politician who for a long time held the position of archon and was the de facto ruler of Athens, thought quite differently. Themistocles traveled a lot throughout Greece, trying to create an alliance between cities to fight a dangerous enemy. He managed to unite 30 cities, including Athens and Sparta. In addition, Themistocles insisted that in order to strengthen military power it was necessary to create a navy. Funds from the sale of silver mined in Attica were used to build the fleet. Previously, these incomes were distributed among the citizens of Athens. But Themistocles managed to convince people that it was better to invest money in building a fleet. His efforts were crowned with complete success. By the beginning of the new military campaign, Athens had a powerful fleet of 180 ships.

§ 2 Persian invasion

In 480 BC. The Persian king Xerxes, the son of Darius, gathered a huge army and fleet and moved against the Greeks. It was decided to cross the Hellespont to Europe. By order of the king, bridges were built, but at that time a storm broke out. High waves demolished the erected structure. This event angered Xerxes, and he ordered the heads of the people responsible for the construction of the bridges to be cut off, and the sea to be flogged with whips. Then new bridges were built. After which the crossing began, which lasted 7 days and nights.

Xerxes' hordes quickly conquered Thrace and Macedonia and invaded northern Greece.

Most of the cities surrendered without a fight - the way to the south was open. It was decided to give battle to the Persians in the narrow Thermopylae Gorge, a small passage between the mountains and the sea that connected Northern and Central Greece.

Command was given to the Spartan king Leonidas, who had 7 thousand people at his disposal, including 300 Spartans. For several days the Greeks held off the Persian attacks. Until a local resident showed the invaders a workaround through which they managed to transfer troops, going to the rear of the Greeks. Having learned about this, Leonidas ordered a retreat, and he himself, along with 300 Spartans, remained to cover the retreat. All the warriors, along with their king, fell in battle. This event went down in history as an example of selfless courage and patriotism. Subsequently, a statue of a lion was installed in the gorge, on the pedestal it was written: “Traveler, go tell our citizens in Lacedaemon that, keeping their covenants, here we died with bones.”

§ 3 Defeat of the Persians

Having won a victory at Thermopylae, the Persians headed towards Athens, plundering and destroying cities along the way. In the face of the impending threat, the People's Assembly decided to transport all women, old people and children to the island of Salamis, located near Attica. All men capable of holding weapons joined the army or navy. The Persians entered deserted Athens, killed several hundred old people who refused to leave their homes, ravaged and burned the city. Soon the Persian fleet approached the shores of Attica. Not far away, in the strait between Salamis and Attica, there was a Greek fleet consisting of 380 triremes, ships with three rows of oars on each side. They accommodated 180 oarsmen and about 30 warriors. They were opposed by a Persian fleet of 700 ships. In the morning the battle began. Greek triremes, lighter and more maneuverable, pressed the Persian fleet, ramming their ships, breaking oars, and pushing them aground.

As a result, a significant part of the Persian fleet was lost. The remaining ships were forced to retreat.

After the defeat at Salamis, Xerxes with the remnants of the fleet was forced to leave Greece. The experienced military leader Mardonius remained at the head of the Persian land army. He continued south, aiming to invade the Peloponnese. In 479 BC. The united army of the Greeks, led by the Spartan aristocrat Pausanias, finally defeated the Persian army at the Battle of Plataea. Mardonius died, and the army fled from Greece.

During the next 30 years of war, the Persians did not even think about invading Europe. Now the battles were for control of the Aegean Sea and the coast of Asia Minor. As a result, in 449 BC. peace was concluded, cementing the victory of the Greeks. According to the agreement, the Persian king agreed not to send a fleet into the Aegean Sea and liberated Greek cities in Asia Minor. The Greeks promised not to invade Persian territory. The main reason The victory of the Greeks in the war should be considered their desire for freedom, unity and courage. Unlike the Persian army, which consisted of representatives of different tribes who were forcibly drafted into the army and therefore did not want to fight, the Greek army was united by the idea of ​​defending their homeland.

Back forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Target setting:

• Show the heroic struggle of the Greek city-states with the power of the Persians using the example of the Battle of Thermopylae and the Battle of Salamis.
• Continue to develop students’ skills in correctly showing historical objects on a map, writing a story, and completing tasks individually and in a group.
• To cultivate feelings of patriotism, interest in the personalities of Themistocles and Leonidas, love and interest in the subject of history.

Lesson type: Combined (consolidating what has been learned and learning new material).

Means of education: Textbook by A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya “History of the Ancient World” paragraph 35 pp. 158-163, map “Ancient Greece (until the middle of the 5th century BC)”, disk “History” 5th grade, cards with tasks, posters with the name of the lesson topic, new in words, table “Greco-Persian Wars”, crossword puzzle, book “When, where, how and why this happened” p. 42, projector, screen. .

Vocabulary work: Themistocles, Thermopylae Passage, trireme, o. Salamis, Xerxes, Isthmus of Corinth.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

Hello guys!

Sit down.

II. Homework survey.

Guys, we will now consolidate our previously acquired knowledge on the topic “Ancient Greece” and remember the Battle of Marathon.

Questions:

1. When did the Battle of Marathon take place? (The Battle of Marathon took place in 490 BC).
2. Who took part in the Battle of Marathon? (Greeks and Persians took part in the Battle of Marathon).
3. How did the Greeks behave when the Persian ambassadors came to them? (The Athenians threw the ambassadors off a cliff, the Spartans threw them into a well.)
4. Which cities did the Athenians turn to for help? (The Athenians turned to Sparta and Plataea for help).
5. What was the response from these cities? (The Spartans promised to help later; a detachment of warriors arrived from the city of Plataea).
6. How did the Greek troops line up? (The Greek troops formed a phalanx in close, serried ranks).
7. How did the Greeks fight? (The Greeks fought courageously, heroically, and in an organized manner).
8. How did the Battle of Marathon end? (The Battle of Marathon ended in victory for the Greeks)
9. What was the significance of the Greek victory at Marathon? (The Greeks defeated the Persians for the first time, and the Persians were no longer considered invincible).

III. Preparation for a repeated generalization lesson.

Now we will play the game “Who is first?” I ask questions, and whoever answers the question first and correctly receives a picture of a kolobok with a smile.

1. What does the word polis mean? (A small independent state in Greece).
2. Who are called helots? (Slaves in Sparta).
3. What is democracy? (People power).
4. What does the word Areopagus mean? (Council of Nobles in Athens).
5. Who were called citizens? (Free Athenians).
6. Who is the author of the poems “Iliad” and “Odyssey”? (Homer).

Working with the map.

You know and this is not new:
The map is an important basis.
Battles, actions and countries
You will be shown tirelessly.
If you have a desire,
Let's get started. All attention.

1. Show on the map the territory of Ancient Greece and its parts. Name them. (Northern, Central, Southern Greece).
2. Which peninsula is considered Southern Greece? (Peloponnese Peninsula).
3. Where is the city of Athens? (In Attica).
4. Where is Sparta? (In Southern Greece, Lakonica region).
5. Where did the Greeks first defeat the Persians? (In Marathon).

Now we will solve the crossword puzzle.

Guys, if you correctly solve the crossword puzzle in the highlighted vertical column, you will read the second name of Ancient Greece. (Hellas).

Horizontally:

1. That's what the Greeks called themselves. (Hellenes).
2. One of Homer's poems. (Iliad).
3. In 594 BC. he was elected archon. (Solon).
4. Region in Central Greece. (Attica).
5. Common people in Greece. (Demos).
6. Homeland of Odysseus. (Ithaca).

Vertically:

1. Second name for Greece. (Hellas).

IV. Transition to studying a new topic.

Guys, we got acquainted with some events from the life of the ancient Greeks, with the Battle of Marathon. Today we will get acquainted with new events from the Greco-Persian troops.

We open the notebooks, write the date and topic of the lesson. (Posters with the topic of the lesson and new words are hung on the board).

Vocabulary work:

• Themistocles is an energetic and intelligent Athenian, leader of the demos.
• Thermopylae Passage is the site of the battle between the Greeks and the Persians in 480. BC.
• The trireme is a shallow-draft Greek warship with three rows of oars.
• The island of Salamis is the site of the battle between the Greeks and the Persians in 480. BC.
• Xerxes is the ruler of the Persian kingdom, the son of Darius.
• The Isthmus of Corinth is a geographical feature, a place where some Greeks proposed moving a fleet to protect southern Greece from the Persians.
• Leonidas is a Spartan king who led the united Greek army.

V. Studying a new topic.

The teacher's story about the invasion of Persian troops in Hellas.

1. Preparing the Hellenes for a new war.
2. Battle in the Fermipolis Gorge.
3. Battle of Salamis.

1. The Athenians were proud of their victory in the Battle of Marathon. But there were new ones ahead

battles with the Persians. Only a few understood this, and among them was Themistocles, the leader of the demos. Under his leadership, the Greeks began to prepare for war with the Persians. Themistocles spoke at the national assembly and convinced everyone that the support of democracy was the fleet. The Athenians listened to his opinion and built 200 triremes in a short time. On such a ship there were 180 oarsmen from the Athenian poor.

Themistocles also convinced the Greeks that they needed to unite to fight the Persians. 30 Greek states created an alliance to defend against the Persians. And so in 480. BC. Darius' son Xerxes led his troops to Hellas. A narrow strait separated Europe from Asia. Here Xerxes ordered the construction of a bridge, but a storm arose and the bridge was destroyed. In anger, Xerxes ordered the heads of the bridge builders to be cut off, and he himself ordered the construction of a new bridge. The Persians crossed the new bridge for seven days to the opposite bank. Meanwhile, the Greeks were minding their own business. Let's watch the scene “On the Eve of War.”

(Appendix No. 1)

II. A huge Persian army invaded the territory of Northern Greece. A serious clash with the enemy occurred among the Greeks in the Thermopylae Pass, which separated Northern Greece from Central Greece. The united Greek army was led by the Spartan king Leonidas. The Greeks occupied the Thermopylae Gorge and blocked the path of the Persians. Xerxes sent the main forces of the Persian army into a frontal attack, but the Greeks did not retreat. The Persians suffered heavy losses. Xerxes jumped up from his throne three times in fear for his army. All Persian attempts to capture the Thermopylae Gorge ended in failure. On the third day, a local resident came to Xerxes and showed him a bypass path for a reward. Xerxes was delighted and sent his soldiers to the rear of the Greek defenders of Thermopylae. The Hellenes noticed the marching enemy detachment. King Leonidas ordered everyone to retreat, and he himself, along with 300 Spartans, remained to cover the retreat of the Greek troops. 300 Spartans showed courage and heroism in the battle with the Persians. The Spartans fought with King Leonidas until everyone died.

Having captured Thermopylae, the Persians moved to Central Greece. Looting and destroying everything in their path, the invaders approached Athens. The inhabitants of Attica left their homes on pawn, and many of them moved to the island of Salamis under the protection of the fleet. Attica is empty. The Persians entered Athens and set him on fire. The Persian ships stopped in a bay near Athens. And nearby, in the strait between Salamis and Attica, there was a Greek fleet that consisted of 400 ships.

Guys, look at the screen.

• Watching an excerpt from the educational film “Battle of Salamis”.
• Display of a picture from the book “When, where, how and why this happened.”

Thus ended the Battle of Salamis. Xerxes, leaving part of his army, left Greece. In 479 BC. near the city of Plataea, the remaining Persian army was defeated. The Battle of Salamis became decisive during the Greco-Persian Wars. The Greeks, in a difficult struggle, defended their independence and saved their homeland from the enemy. VII. Reinforcing what has been learned in the lesson.

At least a little tired,
Shown the power of knowledge
Well, one more step
We'll reinforce the lesson.

1. Guys, what battles during the Greco-Persian wars did we talk about today? (About the Battle of Thermopylae Gorge and the Battle of Salamis).

Now let's fill out the table and find out in which battles did the Greeks defeat the Persians?

Filling out the table “Greco-Persian Wars” (Appendix No. 2)

You have task cards on your desks.

Fill in the missing words and dates. (Appendix No. 3)

1. On the M____________ plain in 490 BC. The Greeks were commanded by the strategist M___________d. The battle ended in victory _____________________________________.

2. In the F_______________ gorge in _______ BC. The Greeks were commanded by the Spartan king Leonidas. The battle ended in victory __________________.

3. In the S______m strait in _________ BC. The Athenian fleet was commanded by the strategist F________________. After his defeat in battle, the Persian king Xerxes _____________________.

4. Near the city of P_________i in _________BC. the battle ended in victory _____________________.

VI. Lesson summary.

• Guys, what did we talk about in class? (about the Greco-Persian wars).
• Did you like today's lesson?
• What do you remember about him? (Students' answers.)

VII. Homework: paragraph 35 pp. 158-163.

Today in class I give the following marks for active participation and complete answers:

• “5” -
• “4” -
• “3” -

The lesson is over. Goodbye.

Appendix No. 1

Scene “On the Eve of War”

The Greeks Sporus and Skillius are sitting, talking to each other.

Dispute: Listen, Skillius, how many sponges have you gotten over all these years?

Skillius: I don’t know.

Dispute: It seems to me that there are fewer stars in the sky than you and the other divers from Scion collected sponges. Where did they go, all these sponges? Your daughter Gidna has one sponge. She dries her hair with it after washing. For five or six years she gets by with just one sponge. Probably, the daughters of rich men will be dried up and abandoned once. And you go down to the bottom for them. Ugh!

Skillius: What an eccentric you are, Spor! Are sponges only used for drying hair? And what do hoplites put under their helmets so that they do not rub, and, on occasion, soften the force of the blow? How do they clean shoes in rich houses? How do you wash bowls and pots? What do you use to wipe dust off expensive chests and tables? All with our sponges. And if someone’s heart hurts, take the same sponge, soak it in undiluted wine and apply it to the chest.

Dispute: Tell me... Yes, she is healing... But I didn’t value her at all. Grass is grass...

Skillius: And it’s not grass at all, but a sea animal like a hedgehog or a star, only simpler.

Father! Where are you?

Dispute: Gidna! Somehow she returned early today. But she should buy more sulfur.

A girl comes in. Gidna is very excited.

Skillius: What happened, Gidna? Why are you so pale?

Gidna: I'm not pale at all, father. But no one buys sponges at the market. Along the road, outside the city gates, crowds of barbarians are moving. In long colorful clothes. With bows and spears. And the horsemen! And chariots! And some huge animals with two humps on their backs... They're coming. And there is no end to them...

Skillius: It has begun! Poor Hellas! What awaits you?...

Appendix No. 2

Card No. 1

Fill out the table “Greco-Persian Wars”.

Appendix No. 3

Card No. 2

Fill in the missing words and dates.

The main battles of the Greeks with the Persians.

1. On the M____________ plain in 490 BC. The Greeks were commanded by the strategist M___________d. The battle ended in victory __________________.

2. In the F_______________ gorge in _______ BC. The Greeks were commanded by the Spartan king Leonidas. The battle ended in victory for ______________________.

3. In the S______m strait in _________ BC. The Athenian fleet was commanded by the strategist F________________. After the defeat in the battle, the Persian king Xerxes___________________________.

4. Near the city of P_________i in _________BC. the battle ended in victory ______________________.

According to the historical works of Herodotus, the war with Persia became one of the most significant in the history of the ancient Greek state. At the start of the war, the Persian kingdom already had the status of the strongest state in the world.

Darius I was able to capture many lands, including some Greek possessions. Unable to withstand the despotic policies of Persia and the regular increases in taxes, the Greeks decided to organize an uprising, turning to the strong Greek city-states for help.

After several victories, the Greek army was defeated. The uprisings of the Greek colonies provoked the anger of Darius and his desire to take revenge on all of Greece.

Greek revolt and the Battle of Marathon

He sent his representatives to the Greek city-states, who asked the inhabitants for land and water; this was a metaphor for the time and meant an offer to voluntarily give up their territories to the Persian Empire.

Residents of Athens and Sparta expressed strong disagreement. The freedom-loving and proud Spartans killed the ambassadors of Darius and decided not only to defend the independence of their state, but also to seize the territory of Persia.

In 490 BC. Persian troops reached the small town of Marathon. There they were already met by a small army of Athenians. Despite the unequal battle, the Greeks managed to defeat the Persians, which unusually inspired them, because it turned out that the Persian army was not as strong as they thought.

The victory at the Battle of Marathon enabled the Greeks to prepare for further military action. They believed that it was possible to resist the Persians with the help of a strong fleet and immediately began its construction.

Three hundred Spartans and King Leonidas

The Persians continued their attack on Hellas only 10 years later. By that time, after the death of Darius, Xerxes had become the ruler of Persia.

Persian troops led by Xerxes were advancing on Greece from the north, along the coastline. The main blow was taken by the army, consisting of three hundred Spartans led by King Leonidas. The battle took place in the mountain gorge of Thermopylae.

Thanks to its thoughtful military strategy, the Spartans held forward positions for two days, but due to the betrayal of one of the inhabitants of Sparta, Xerxes’ troops were able to break through the defense line.

Despite their defeat, the Spartans were able to destroy most of the enemy army. After a while, the Greeks erected a monument to the dead Spartans, on which was written an inscription that eventually became legendary: “Traveler, when you come to Sparta, tell them that we lay down here, as the law ordered.”

Fleet assistance and the battle of Mycale and Plataea

The victory over the Spartans opened the way for the Persians to the Greek city-states. The Greeks abandoned their cities and began preparing for a counterattack.

Thanks to a strong fleet, they were able to win the Battle of Salamis, which resulted in the retreat of the Persians to Asia Minor.

The battle that ended Persian expansion was the Battle of Mycale and Plataea in 479 BC. The Greeks attacked the Persians simultaneously by sea and land, which led to the defeat of the Persian army.