RBC Style remembered the most famous works of the legendary female architect. Biography and personal life of Zaha Hadid

The most famous female architect in the world, or at least one of. The only woman to win the Pritzker Prize. Studied with Koolhaas, worked at the table for 15 years, was inspired by the Russian avant-garde. Born in Baghdad, all her life she refuted stereotypes - about women in architecture, women in construction, women from Iraq. "Our heroine. What a blessing to have you with us in London,” ends the obituary that appeared today on the official website of her studio.

Heydar Aliyev Center, Baku, 2012
Grand Prix of the Design of the Year Award established by the Design Museum in London. The project, built on the site of the machine-building plant named after Sattarkhan, formerly - Lieutenant Schmidt. Appeared on the tenth anniversary of the death of the 3rd President of the Republic. Inside - the leader's museum, concert and exhibition spaces.

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Dominion Tower, Moscow, 2015
A business center on a deaf Sharikopodshipnikovskaya street, which was built for 10 years. The first tenant is the Housing and Public Utilities Reform Assistance Fund with Sergei Stepashin's office. The building, designed by Hadid Studio by order of DominionM developer Vladimir Melnik, works in the best traditions of constructivism - it accidentally falls into a new environment and changes the context around it.

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BMW Central Building, Leipzig, 2005
This is not an office center, but the main part of the plant where BMWs of the third series are produced. 5500 workers work here and this building is a powerful hymn to modern industry. The main pride here is not unique external forms, but cosmic precision in following conveyor processes.

3 out of 11

Bridge Pavilion, Zaragoza, 2008
In 2008, the World Exhibition was held in Spain, and the Hadid studio was responsible for the main object: the bridge over the Ebro River, and at the same time the main entrance to the exhibition complex. The shape is intended to recall the tides and the gladiolus flower: Hadid's genius lay precisely in the ability to create delicate and vulnerable-looking structures from concrete and steel.

4 out of 11

National Museum of Art of the 21st Century, Rome, 2010
It takes a lot of courage to build in a city that is itself the world's best museum and the last place to go for contemporary art. But because Hadid and the greatest architect without discounts on gender - she coped brilliantly, received the Stirling Prize and only laughed that the Romans themselves called the museum pasta.

5 out of 11

Phaeno Science Centre, Wolfsburg, 2005
Whatever they say about Hadid, who designs golden metro stations in Abu Dhabi and dachas on Rublyovka, here is her more characteristic work. The perfect engineering design of the interactive museum of science and technology in Wolfsburg (this is already the territory of Volkswagen) has earned epithets like “hypnotic and visionary”.

6 out of 11

Riverside - Transport Museum, Glasgow, 2011
Best European Museum 2013. The 36-meter glass façade reflects the River Clyde and is crowned by a crenellated galvanized roof. An example of the perfect architecture of the Polytechnic Museum - however, some visitors grumble that some of the exhibits hang too high, not to be seen.

7 out of 11

Fire department of the Vitra furniture factory, Weil am Rhein, 1994
This is really a garage where hoses were stored, cars were on duty and firemen had tea. "Vitra" is not a simple factory where the walls were assembled. Here they came up with, among other things, the iconic chairs "Panton" and "Tulip", they ordered their own museum to Frank Gehry, and the fire department - the best in the world Hadid, of course.

8 out of 11

Opera house project in Cardiff, 1994
Why show the unrealized projects of such a powerful author, when there are enough real ones? Take a closer look at the colors and lines - when Hadid said all her life that she admires Russian Suprematism, isn't that what she meant? The theater was not built: no money was found, and the Welsh public wrinkled its nose, calling the project "elitist" and "ugly", but Hadid herself later admitted that it was probably her Iraqi origin and that she was a woman.

Zaha Hadid died on March 31, 2016 in Miami. She was 65 years old, and many say that for an architect this is a very early death. Hadid began to bring her projects to life late, but immediately received the status of one of the main architects of our time. Her projects stray from the history of architecture: they cling to the history of modern and contemporary art and at the same time pretend that no history of art ever existed. The Village tells what Zaha Hadid's work consisted of and why her work will live on.

Studying with Rem Koolhaas

Zaha Hadid was born in Baghdad in rich family, traveled abroad as a child, studied at the American University of Beirut, and then went to study architecture in London, where she met Rem Koolhaas. After working for his OMA office in Rotterdam from 1977 to 1980, she returned to London where she began an independent practice. The interdisciplinary approach of the OMA clearly influenced Hadid, who incorporated concepts from visual arts and natural sciences. The constant theorizing that Koolhaas did was also important for Hadid, for whom the recognition of her ideas in the early years of work replaced the implementation of projects.

Work in the table

If you look at the list of Zaha Hadid's projects, the first thing that catches your eye is the almost complete absence of completed projects in the 1980s. At the same time, there are many projects left in the form of visualizations and drawings - for different cities and different scales. Her projects won international competitions, but remained on paper because they were too bold - both technologically and contextually. The first building designed by Hadid began to be built only in 1986 in Berlin. She was helped in this by German feminists who were trying to increase the presence of women in modern German architecture. The IBA residential building was completed in Berlin in 1993.

architectural graphics

Fame in architectural circles came to Hadid long before the implementation of the first project. In the early 1980s, she won a competition for the development of Victoria Peak in Hong Kong. This was largely due to the graphic work of Hadid, whose drawings simultaneously conveyed the concept of her architectural project, and could work as completely independent works of fine art. Picturesque renderings of her projects can be viewed on the Zaha Hadid Architects website.

Architect as artist

In general, Hadid's whole approach to architecture and design can be called artistic. Hadid rejected both modernist functionalism and postmodern irony. Her projects seemed to emerge from some parallel world with its own history of art. Her own fantasy was most important to her, but because of this, she was criticized. Thus, the project of the MAXXI Museum of Contemporary Art in Rome was considered completely unsuitable for exhibiting paintings and objects, so that in many ways it became a monument to itself, and its architecture is remembered better than its collection. Her design objects - from furniture to vases to shoes - look like miniature copies of her buildings, and it doesn't matter how comfortable they are to use.

Russian avant-garde

Hadid often said that the Russian avant-garde, especially in the person of Kazimir Malevich, had a strong influence on her work - both as an artist and as an architect. Many of her paintings are reminiscent of his Suprematist compositions, and the title contains the word "tectonics", which is important for constructivists. If you place one of her first projects, the Vitra fire station, next to, say, Konstantin Melnikov's Rusakov club, Hadid's connection to avant-garde ideas lost in Russia becomes obvious - although not without irony.

Parametricism and composite plastics

Zaha Hadid's bureau subsequently moved from a manual approach to a parametric one, that is, a computational one, in which large amounts of data are processed, on the basis of which the structure of a building is then formed so complex that it can often be difficult to perceive by the human brain. It is thanks to this approach that Zaha Hadid became known as the author of projects of bizarre forms - like the Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku. But their implementation would not have been possible without the use of composite plastics, whose properties make it possible to build buildings of non-standard shapes.

Women's

Zaha Hadid is, in fact, the only female star architect, the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize. It would seem that she could serve as a role model for many women who want to make a career in the world of architecture, but her life seemed to be built on a kind of male model. Although she was helped by feminists at the first stage of her career, Hadid herself did not do much for the movement for the emancipation of women. Even if you look at the list of employees of her bureau, there are significantly more male names than female ones. Especially in the higher echelons.

Scandals in Asia

The last years of Hadid's life were marked by scandals related to the construction of sports facilities in Asia. During the construction of her stadium in Qatar, workers died - and the media, of course, paid attention first of all to the famous architect. Hadid asked journalists to check the facts more carefully: the design of the building itself was not dangerous for workers, and the fault lay with the Qatari authorities and the developer, who did not ensure proper safety at the facility. In addition, the stadium project in Qatar was criticized for its extravagant form: for many it resembled a vagina. Although Hadid denied any resemblance, this seems more like a plus: this is how the Islamic ban on the image of human faces was ironically beaten in the stadium design. Another scandal awaited Zaha Hadid in Tokyo: local architects were horrified by her grandiose project of the Olympic stadium for several billion dollars. Someone compared it to a turtle that wants to drag Japan to the bottom of the sea.

Patrick Schumacher

Patrick Schumacher is a partner at Zaha Hadid Architects who has worked with Hadid on key studio projects since 1988. Senior designer of the bureau, he participated in the development of projects for the Vitra fire station and the MAXXI museum. 28 years of joint work could not be in vain: Schumacher shares the principles of Zaha Hadid and works as a shadow ruler of her bureau. So with the death of Zaha, her work will not die: her ghost will remain with us.

PHOTOS: cover - Kevork Djansezian / AP / TASS, 1, 4 - Christian Richters / Zaha Hadid Architects, 2, 3, 6 - Zaha Hadid Architects, 5 - Helene Binet / Zaha Hadid Architects, 7 - Ivan Anisimov

Edition of The Guardian. Hadid died in a hospital where she was being treated for bronchitis.

Zaha Hadid was born in Baghdad in 1950. In 1977 she graduated from the Architectural Association in London and began her career with the OMA office set up by Hadid's teacher Rem Koolhaas. In 1979, she founded her own architectural firm, Zaha Hadid Architect.

Zaha Hadid is the owner of the "Nobel" in the field of architecture - the Pritzker Prize (2004). In 2016, she became the first woman to receive a gold medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).

London Mayor Boris Johnson took to Twitter to comment on Hadid's death. “Very sad to hear about the death of Zaha Hadid. She inspired and her legacy is her buildings in Stratford and around the world,” he said.

Zaha Hadid has designed more than just buildings. She designed yachts, shoes, jewelry and even perfume bottles.

RBC Style remembered the most famous works
legendary female architect:

Heydar Aliyev Center, Baku (opened in 2012). For this building, Hadid received the Design of the Year award from the British Design Museum.

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Aquatics Centre, London (opened in 2011). The design of this building was developed in 2004 and received the Pritzker Prize even before London won the right to host the 2012 Summer Olympics.

zaha-hadid.com

Sheikh Zayed Bridge, Abu Dhabi (opened in 2010). The construction of this structure cost $ 300 million. The curved lines of the bridge resemble desert dunes.

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Dominion Tower, Moscow (opened in 2015). The office building consists of seven floors and protruding consoles, and its total area is 22 thousand square meters. m.

zaha-hadid.com

opera house in guangzhou (opened in 2011). The total area of the building is about 70 thousand square meters. m. In shape, it resembles a stone. Partially glazed facades contribute to good illumination of the interior space.

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At Baselworld 2016, next to the pavilion of the Danish jewelry brand Georg Jensen, an architectural installation by Zaha Hadid was installed - the owner of the Pritzker Prize created a collection of silver jewelry for Georg Jensen. It includes 8 items with a characteristic linear structure - including a twisted bracelet and a two-finger ring.

press office Baselworld 2016

The first line of gold jewelry, launched in 2013 in collaboration with the Swiss jewelry brand Caspita, was inspired by the cellular structure of objects in the world.

facebook.com/Caspita-Haute-Joaillerie

As part of last year's Salone del Mobile in Milan, Zaha Hadid presented an installation inspired by the jewelry collection

Bulgari press office

In 2008, Hadid partnered with French sports brand Lacoste to create a limited edition shoe collection (850 pairs in total). The men's and women's versions of the sneaker were molded from rubber, whose texture imitated the skin of a crocodile. In the same year, the Brazilian brand Melissa released a pair of women's sandals designed by Hadid in the style of the architectural spaces of their own buildings.

facebook.com/zaha.hadid

In 2015, Zaha Hadid collaborated with musician Pharrell Williams to design sneakers for the Adidas "Supershell" collection.

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For the 1999 Pet Shop Boys World Tour, called the Nightlife Tour, Hadid designed the stage design and lighting.

In 2012, Zaha Hadid designed a bottle for the new Donna Karan Woman fragrance for American designer Donna Karan.

facebook.com/zaha.hadid

Since the early 2000s, the architect has been actively collaborating with the largest Italian manufacturers of furniture and home goods, such as Sawaya and Moroni, Poltrona Frau Contract, Slamp and others. The most famous of her products were the Kuki chair and the Z-Chair chair.

facebook.com/zaha.hadid

Zephyr Sofa( facebook.com/zaha.hadid)

Armchairs( facebook.com/zaha.hadid)

Exactly 13 years ago, Zaha Hadid became the first woman in history to receive the prestigious Pritzker Prize. Google honored her memory with a special doodle, which shows the famous British architect in front of the Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku, created according to her design. Esquire recalls five costly Hadid projects.

1. Multifunctional complex City of Dreams, Macau, China

Zaha Hadid's company was engaged in the project of one of the four towers of the Dream City multifunctional gambling and hotel complex. This is a 40-storey hotel with 780 rooms with restaurants, shops and a casino, which will open in 2017. The total cost of building the City of Dreams complex is estimated at $2.4 billion.

2. London Aquatics Center

One of the main venues for the Summer Olympic Games in London. It is a 2500 seat indoor facility with two 50m pools and one 25m diving pool. Its construction cost £269 million (about $347 million).

By the way, Zaha Hadid designed another sports facility, perhaps the most scandalous in her career - Al Wakra Stadium in Qatar, which will host matches of the World Cup in 2022. At first, the project was criticized in the media, finding associations with female anatomy in its design. Then a flurry of criticism fell upon the architect because of the deaths of several hundred workers employed in construction. And the championship itself, because of the corruption investigation in FIFA, can only be called scandalous.

3. Sheikh Zayed Bridge, Abu Dhabi

The 842 meter long bridge is named after former president United United Arab Emirates, whose foundation has sponsored the construction of many cultural facilities, and cost $300 million.

4. Heydar Aliyev Center, Baku.

This project won the Design of the Year award in 2014 and has become one of Zaha Hadid's most recognizable works. According to media reports, the Azerbaijani authorities spent $250 million on the construction.

On March 31, 2016, at the age of 66, a talented British architect of Iraqi origin, Zaha Hadid, left this world, who managed to do a lot in such a short life and left behind a huge creative legacy. Her departure was so sudden, and her legacy so great, that it took some time to comprehend and generalize everything.

The architectural objects of Zaha Hadid were built in 45 countries of the world, including Russia, and paintings and drawings are in many museum collections. She designed skyscrapers and easily designed shoes, furniture, dishes and more. Zaha Hadid was in demand in almost all areas of art.

During her lifetime, many considered her a genius ahead of her time, but there were those who refused to recognize her. The architectural workshop of Zaha Hadid is located in London, but in this city there is only one object built according to her project - this is the Aquatics Center, built 5 years ago for the summer Olympic Games. It immediately becomes clear how her work was “appreciated” there. She has repeatedly said that it is very difficult to be a woman architect, and even a foreigner.

Aquatics Centre, London (2011)

In Russia, only two facilities have been built. A residential building in Barvikha was erected in 2008.

House in Barvikha, Moscow, Russia, 2008

The Dominion Tower business center on Sharikopodshipnikovskaya Street in Moscow was opened at the end of 2015. The building is very simple from the outside and interesting inside.

Dominion Tower, Moscow

Photo: Natalia Kupriyanova

There was another project, but it remained, unfortunately, on paper. In 2008, it was planned to create a complex near the Moscow International Business Center (MIBC).

Zaha Hadid, according to many experts, is a prominent representative of deconstructivism in architecture. Its buildings are the architecture of the future: dynamic, bold and unique.

Surprising but with choice future profession she decided at the age of 11 and followed her dream throughout her life.

In 1972, after graduating from the American University in Beirut, Hadid moved to London and entered the architecture school of the Architectural Association. Her teachers were Rem Koolhaas and Elia Zenghelis.

1975/76. (Photo © Architectural Photo Library Association)

Zaha Hadid (standing) with Rem Koolhaas, Elia and Zoe Zenghelis and Madelon Vriesendorp in 1978 first edition of the art magazine Viz.

After working after graduating from the firm of Rem Koolhaas, in 1980, 30-year-old Zaha Hadid founded her own architectural firm, Zaha Hadid Architects, in London. She teaches at the Architectural Association, designs a lot and participates in international competitions.

Zaha Hadid and Alvin Boyarsky in 1980. Photographer Andrew Higgott

We divided the work of Zaha Hadid into three periods:
1 period: 1977-1992 - "paper architecture";
2nd period: 1993-2003 - deconstructivist architecture;
period: 2004-2016 - recognition, corporate identity - brand "Zaha Hadid".

"Paper Architecture"

The work of Zaha Hadid was strongly influenced by the Soviet avant-garde artist, the founder of Suprematism in painting, Kazemir Malevich. Her graduation project was the transformation of Malevich's work into a 14-story hotel above the Thames. She admired Malevich, read and easily understood his works.

Zaha Hadid came to architecture through her paintings.

Malevich's Tectonics (1977) © Zaha Hadid Architects

And the painting "Residence of the Irish Prime Minister" (Dublin, 1979-80) is often compared with the graphics of another representative of the Soviet avant-garde - Kandinsky.

Irish Prime Minister's Residence © Zaha Hadid Architects

Paintings by Zaha Hadid

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"Peace (89 degrees)"© Zaha Hadid Architects

"London 2066"© Zaha Hadid Architects

"The Peak (Blue Slabs)".© Zaha Hadid Architects

"Trafalgar Square London, UK, 1988

Peak. Hong Kong, 1983© Zaha Hadid Architects

Tectonics by Malevich 1977

"Berlin 2000"© Zaha Hadid Architects

The beginning of the creative path of Zaha Hadid was quite difficult, many people call it "paper" - almost all the work remains on paper.

The inverted skyscraper for the English city of Leicester (1990) remained unrealized.

The project of the sports club "Peak" (1983) on a hill above Hong Kong won an international competition, but the customer went bankrupt.

Peak Sports Club Project© Zaha Hadid Architects

In 1994, Zaha Hadid won the competition for the design of the Opera House in Cardiff Bay, the developer was frightened by the original design and, as a result, he abandoned the project.

Design of the Opera House in Cardiff Bay, UK.© Zaha Hadid Architects

She takes on projects of small residential buildings and interiors.

Interior of Moonzun restaurant in Sapporo, Japan (1990)

Residential building in Berlin 1993.

Deconstructivist architecture

In 1993, the construction of the building of the fire department of the designer furniture manufacturer Vitra, shaped like a Stealth bomber, is completed. After this object, fame comes to the architect Zaha Hadid.

Vitra fire station in Weil Am Rhein, Germany (1993).© Zaha Hadid Architects

Photo: Wojtek Gurkttp

According to Hadid herself, a surge of interest in her work began after the building of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao was built in 1997, designed by Frank Gehry, which captivated everyone with its sculptural and eccentricity. Projects by Zaha Hadid cease to frighten customers with originality and bold execution.

LFOne, Germany, 1996-1999.

Terminal railway station in Strasbourg, France (1998-2001).

Bergisel Ski Jump (2002).

In 1999, construction began on the Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art in Cincinnati, USA (opened in 2003).

www.azahner.com

It was for this project that Zaha Hadid was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 2004 and became the first female architect in history to receive this high award. Since then, she has become one of the most sought-after architects in the world.

Corporate identity - brand "Zaha Hadid"

The next stage in her career begins. Zaha Hadid moves away from the "classic" deconstructivism, smooth lines and organic forms appear in her work. Her work no longer fits into any architectural genre, except for her own.

BMW Central Building, Leipzig, Germany (2005).

Phaeno Science Centre, Wolfsburg, Germany, (2005 ).

Maggie Center Kirkcaldy (2006)

photo Helene Binet

Hadid didn't like working on a computer, but she quickly realized the benefits of 3-D modeling. She goes to work on a computer and the architecture of her buildings changes. Smooth shapes have replaced sharp corners.

Hungerburg station, Innsbruck, Austria (2007).

www.urbanarchnow.com

Hong Kong Channel Mobile Art Exhibition Pavilion (2008).

Viktor Fraile / Reuters

MAXXI - Museum of Art of the XXI century, Rome (2009).

Guangzhou Opera House, China (2010).

Evelyn Grace Academy, London (2010).

Sheikh Zayed Bridge. Abu Dhabi, UAE (2010).

In 2011 the Riverside Transport Museum was built in Glasgow (Scotland, UK).

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In 2012, the construction of the Modern Art Gallery at the University of Michigan was completed.

The corner facade is made of glass and stainless steel folds.

Shopping and entertainment center Galaxy Soho, Beijing (2012).

Serpentine Sackle Gallery, London (2013)

Jockey club building of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (2013).

Heydar Aliyev Cultural Center in Baku (2013).

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DDP Design Center, Seoul (2014).

Messner Mining Museum, Italy. (2015)

Messner Mining Museum

Residential complex in New York (construction will be completed in 2017)

In 2016, Hadid became the first woman to receive a gold medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).

Brands and celebrities are lining up to work with Hadid. She collaborates with well-known brands of clothing, shoes, jewelry, furniture and decor, creates concepts for yachts and cars.

wooden vase

Stone vases www.dezeen.com

Triflow Faucet faucet designed by Zaha Hadid.