The presidential race is in full swing. On March 18, 2018, we will all go to vote for a candidate worthy to govern Russia. The result of the next elections is almost predictable, and, most likely, many will later recall that, in Russia, no one foresaw surprises. The expectations of the people are obvious, the lists of candidates are known for certain, and the majority of Russian citizens are unanimous in their opinion.

leader today

The Russian presidential post, established in 1991, was elected 6 times.

The current leader, Vladimir Putin, was first elected to the country's top post in March 2000, and since then has not remained aloof from big politics. After 4 years, he was re-elected. He did not leave the political arena during the reign of Dmitry Medvedev - from 2008 to 2012, working as prime minister. Since 2012, Putin has again become the head of state. Has been approved new term when the president is in power - 6 years. Fourth term? The second "six-year-old"? And who, if not him?

Everyone must be seen. In the years when there were presidential elections in Russia, all candidates tried to win as many hearts of the electorate as possible with their expedient plans and programs, they implemented their election campaigns within the framework of budget money, and 2018 was no exception. Grudinin goes to the "Bolshevichka", Sobchak goes to Washington, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin just follows the working rhythm.

In 1991, the president was elected for 5 years, while a few years later - in 1993, five years were reduced to four. This innovation came into force, respectively, from 1996, when a second round was needed to determine the winner. 2000, 2004 and 2008 - during these years, the elections were held in a normal mode, but later (in 2008) regular amendments were made to the legislation. According to them, since 2012, a six-year term of office has been set for the presidency.

Elections in 1991

First elections. The head of the Russian state was elected on June 12, 1991. The lists contained about 107 million people, 75% came to vote. Six pairs of candidates (president and vice president) took part - the data was recorded by the elected body (CEC).

Vladimir Zhirinovsky and Andrey Zavidiya (head of the Galand concern), Boris Yeltsin with Alexander Rutskoi, Nikolai Ryzhkov (former Union Prime Minister) with Boris Gromov, Aman Tuleev with the head of the Kuzbassshakhtostroy plant Viktor Bocharov were assigned to their own party.

Results: in 1991, when there were presidential elections, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was considered the leader in Russia. He got 57%, which corresponds to about 46 million votes. "Silver medal" was in the hands of Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky, who took part for the first time and scored about 8%.

The federal budget "lost weight" by 155 million rubles - such expenses were incurred for the election campaign.

Elections in 1996

The next election of the Russian leader was held on June 16, 1996, and the number of voters was about 109 million people. At the last moment, Aman Tuleev retired from the race. As a result, 10 candidates fought for the post along with the incumbent President Yeltsin, including Mikhail Gorbachev and Zhirinovsky, the communist Zyuganov, and Grigory Yavlinsky.

The first round passed, where the largest number of votes - 35%, turned out to be Yeltsin. But since half was not recruited (the elections took place if the candidate recruited more than 50%), a second round was held two weeks later. On July 3, 1996, it happened! Boris Nikolaevich was elected President of the Russian Federation, 54% of Russians voted for him.

Early presidential elections in the Russian Federation: March 26, 2000

In 2000, the next presidential elections in Russia were to be held, but the date was revised due to the voluntary resignation of the incumbent president on the last day of the outgoing 1999. In total, 11 candidates participated in the presidential race, most of whom were party nominees, and not independent units.

The date was determined on March 26, the winner was the acting head of the Russian state, Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich. He won 53% of the popular vote. The CEC of Russia has estimated the spending of the Russian budget at 1 billion 420 million rubles. Federal funds were well spent, a great era began.

Elections of the President of the Russian Federation: March 14, 2004

The number of citizens included in the lists exceeded 108 million Russians, six candidates appeared on the ballots. V. V. Zhirinovsky prudently skipped these elections (apparently, it did not make sense).

As a result, Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich was re-elected. 71% of citizens put down "for" for him in their ballots, the result at that time was obvious.

According to the report, 2.5 billion rubles were spent. And we can see a steady upward trend in federal spending on the country's main cause.

Russian presidential elections in 2008

According to the approved Constitutional order, the current leader did not have the right to take part in the struggle for the post of head of state for the third time, only four participated in it, and Dmitry Medvedev was elected to the post with 70%, which actually amounted to 52.5 million votes of Russians - excellent result!

Today, thinking about Ksenia Sobchak, we remember that since 2008, precisely since those elections, the line "against all" has disappeared from the ballots. A total of about 5 billion rubles of budget money was spent on the campaign.

Russian presidential elections in 2012

The first month of spring is elective. The Federation Council has set the date for the presidential elections in the Russian Federation. They became

Five presidential candidates were registered with the Central Election Commission. Including Zhirinovsky, Zyuganov, and businessman Mikhail Prokhorov.

The day when the presidential elections were held in Russia was a victory for Vladimir Putin, who was elected to the post of head of state with 64% of votes in favor.

10.3 billion budget rubles were spent on the election campaign. Russian presidential elections 2012 and 1991: feel the difference between the costs. But let's consider our personal expenses, if something is being done, then it should be so.

The formation of a presidential form of government in our country was not an easy process, it happened relatively recently. At first, Russia was a monarchical power, headed by the tsar, and power was inherited. After the Great October Socialist Revolution took place, power in the state, which received the name, began to belong to the Communist Party. The Secretary General became the head of the country.

This position lasted until Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev came to power, who introduced the post of president in the state. Soviet Union. He became both the first and the last president of this state. Later position head of state determined the presidential elections. Years in Russia, who participated and the results of the vote - the topic of this article.

The very first presidential elections in Russia

The very first presidential elections were held in June 1991, as a result of which Boris Yeltsin was elected to a high-ranking position. It should be noted that at that time Russia was a republic within the Soviet Union and was called the RSFSR. Mikhail Gorbachev did not take part in these elections. Presidential elections were scheduled according to the results of the referendum held in March of the same year.

There were six presidential candidates. Boris Yeltsin won with a margin of victory over the rest of the contenders, among whom were Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Nikolai Ryzhkov, Aman Tuleev, Albert Makashov, and also All these figures left their mark on political life country to some extent. For example, Zhirinovsky came to the State Duma in 1993 at the head of his party - the Liberal Democratic Party - and has remained there to this day. Ryzhkov was also elected to the State Duma, and Tuleev became the governor of the Kemerovo region.

Presidential election in 1996

The next presidential election took place five years after the very first election of the head of the country. Their result was the re-election of Boris Yeltsin.

Today, many are arguing about whether these elections were fair, whether there were frauds and falsifications. The fact is that at the time of 1995 the rating of the incumbent president was very low and amounted to about 3-6 percent. Also this year, elections to the State Duma were held, and the majority of votes was won by communist party(KPRF) headed by Zyuganov. It was expected that he would become the favorite of the 1996 presidential race. According to the results of the first round of elections, out of 11 candidates, two gained an advantage - Gennady Zyuganov and Boris Yeltsin. As a result, a second round was appointed, during which Yeltsin became president of Russia.

There is an opinion among some supporters of the communist idea that the elections were rigged, and Zyuganov won the real victory, refusing to "fight to the end."

During the New Year's greetings, Boris Yeltsin announced to the country that he was voluntarily resigning. Vladimir Putin was appointed acting.

Presidential elections at the turn of the century: 2000

Yeltsin's resignation resulted in early presidential elections held at the end of March 2000. At the start of the election campaign, 33 applications were submitted, among which 28 people were nominated by civil initiative groups, and the remaining five were political organizations, parties. Vladimir Putin was nominated not on behalf of a political party, but on behalf of an initiative group. Subsequently, 12 participants remained - the rest were not registered for one reason or another, but only 11 people took part in the elections. Shortly before voting day, one of the candidates withdrew his candidacy.

The presidential elections of 2000 brought victory to Vladimir Putin. The second place went to Gennady Zyuganov, the leader of the communists.

Elections-2004

After a four-year term, a new election campaign began to elect the country's president. In mid-March 2004, presidential elections were held. The candidates, in fact, did not represent any serious competition for the current leader of the country, Vladimir Putin, which allowed him to be re-elected for a second term. It should be noted that this time the Communist Party nominated Nikolai Kharitonov instead of the unchanged Gennady Zyuganov. The Liberal Democratic Party acted in the same way - instead of Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Oleg Malyshkin participated in the elections. There were also such candidates as Irina Khakamada, Sergei Mironov and Sergei Glazyev.

Elections-2008. New President

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the president does not have the right to run for a third term. In connection with this fact, the society discussed the opinion of which of the candidates would be the "successor" of Vladimir Putin. At first it was assumed that Sergei Ivanov would become "Putin's candidate", but then the figure of Dmitry Medvedev appeared on the political arena. He was nominated by the United Russia political party. In addition to him, Vladimir Zhirinovsky from the LDPR and Andrei Bogdanov, a representative of the Democratic Party of Russia, but who ran as an independent candidate, took part from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Thus, only four names appeared on the ballot.

At the very beginning of March, on the 2nd, presidential elections were held. The results were quite predictable - Putin's henchman, Dmitry Medvedev, won. The second place was taken by Zyuganov, the third - by Zhirinovsky, respectively, the last was Bogdanov.

Third term of Vladimir Putin

The next presidential election in Russia took place in March 2012. Vladimir Putin, who occupied the prime minister's chair during Medvedev's rule, decided to participate in them. The text of the Constitution was interpreted as follows, which states that the president cannot be elected for more than two consecutive terms. As a result, an opinion appeared that after Medvedev's presidency, the third term is obtained "not in a row", and Vladimir Putin calmly put forward his candidacy for the elections. In addition to him, four more candidates took part - Zyuganov, Zhirinovsky, Mironov, as well as Mikhail Prokhorov, who was nominated by way of self-nomination. The result was the victory of Putin, who is president to this day.

It should be noted that a number of public and politicians declared the elections illegal, including because Putin, who had already served as president twice, took part in them. On the eve of the inauguration, on May 6, a protest rally took place in Moscow, which grew into riots. However, this did not give any results, except for detentions and prison terms for the participants.

When will the next elections be?

In a law was passed, according to which the term was not 4 years, but as much as 6 years. As a result, the next presidential elections in Russia will take place only in 2018. On this moment it is not known who exactly will take part in them. Whether Vladimir Putin will run for a “second” term, whether the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party will nominate their leaders or choose new candidates are questions that have not yet been answered.

When will the next Russian presidential election take place?

In May 2017, the State Duma Russian Federation adopted amendments to the law "On the election of the President of the Russian Federation". As stated in the document, if the Sunday on which the election of the head of state is to be scheduled coincides with the day preceding a non-working holiday, or this Sunday falls on a week that includes a non-working holiday, or this Sunday is declared a working day in accordance with the established procedure, then the elections scheduled for next Sunday.

The year of presidential elections in Russia will be an important event and will affect the alignment of political forces in power

Thus, March 18, 2018 will become the official date for the presidential elections in Russia.

How will the next Russian presidential elections be held?

The package of amendments to Russian legislation, which was approved by the deputies, provides for the refusal to vote by absentee ballots, a simplified procedure for the work of observers at polling stations, as well as a reduced list of requirements for documents for registration.

As representatives of the Central Election Committee of Russia noted, about 40 people have already applied to “ hotline» with questions about the nomination of candidates and early voting in the upcoming 2018 Russian presidential elections.

“There are 42 people in the presidential election: how to run for president, how to vote early in the presidential election, people are already asking. That is, people are already interested in this topic, we assumed this, ”explained Maya Grishina, secretary of the CEC of the Russian Federation.

The entire population of the country will follow the results of the next presidential elections in Russia

According to the forecasts of the committee, in the elections in 2018 more than three million people should vote at the place of residence

“Russia is among the world leaders in terms of voter turnout… Our leadership is due to the fact that the legislation is constantly being modernized in order to create the greatest convenience for voters. And pioneers always have risks. Of course, we will face new threats of fraud. But we also have unconditional successes: the Vybory GAS system has become invulnerable to hackers and manipulations, it takes into account each voter and should not allow him to vote more than once,” stressed Igor Borisov, head of the Russian Public Institute of Electoral Law.

The Kremlin monitors the elections

The Administration of the President of the Russian Federation monitors the course of all elections. This was told by the official representative of the current head of state Dmitry Peskov.

As the press secretary of the current head of state Dmitry Peskov noted, the authorities are monitoring the elections in the Russian Federation

“The Kremlin monitors all elections. More precisely, he does not follow, but observes. We receive information on how they prepare for them, analyze this information from various sources, including about Moscow,” the spokesman explained.

How will Putin be able to take part in future elections?

According to Kommersant, the incumbent head of state, Vladimir Putin, plans to run for the presidential election in two stages.

The first stage (November 2017) is that the politician will give his consent in principle to participate in the elections.

“It is impossible to delay this issue until December, otherwise it will be perceived unnaturally,” representatives of the presidential administration of the Russian Federation noted.

Vladimir Putin may announce his participation in the presidential elections in the next few months

After that, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin hopes to go to the polls as a self-nominated candidate. At the same time, the election campaign will be as short as possible in terms of time.

Rejection of absentee ballots in the 2018 presidential election

After sharp criticism of the practice of using absentee ballots, it was decided to completely abandon them. Therefore, voters will be able to vote not at their place of residence.

To do this, he needs to contact a special data processing center three days before the date of the presidential election. For those who at the last moment found themselves in another place, special mobile stations will be provided on the basis of territorial election commissions.

When the presidential elections in Russia take place, the CEC representatives have a lot of work to do

According to Ella Pamfilova, head of the Central Electoral Committee, the innovations will help attract several million more citizens to the polls.

“The system that we propose solves two major problems: the accessibility of voting and the exclusion of all fraud during voting. We are building very serious barriers that exclude any carousels,” she explained.

The CEC proposed to restrict access to videos from the presidential elections

In August 2017, the Russian Central Election Commission proposed changing the procedure for conducting video surveillance as part of the country's presidential elections in 2018. Video cameras will be installed in polling stations where 85% of the population votes. In this case, the devices will appear directly in the territorial election commissions.

Experts estimate the cost of video surveillance at 2.7 billion rubles.

“The rules for placing video cameras in the polling stations remained practically unchanged. True, in addition to the prohibition for members of precinct commissions to change the pre-set position of the cameras and interfere with the data transfer process, there was added a prohibition to move the technological equipment of the commission from the observation zone of the cameras. The authors of the document made sure that the video surveillance zone was not limited solely to the freshly repaired ceiling," said Nikolay Bulaev, Deputy Head of the CEC of the Russian Federation.

Every Russian must remember the date of the presidential election

However, not everyone will be able to receive video recordings. The Central Election Commission and regional ECs will have unlimited access to them. Voters (if they voted there) and observers and proxies of the candidate, members of the election commission who were at the facility will also be able to see the video from specific polling stations. Directly, presidential candidates will be able to ask for recordings from any polling station.

On March 18, the next, the seventh in the history of our country, national elections of the head of state took place in Russia. The next major federal elections (unless, of course, something extraordinary happens to the newly elected president during this time and his early re-elections are needed) will be elections to the lower house of the Russian parliament - the State Duma. Many are already interested in when these elections will take place, so we give a brief information about them. Elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation - in what year will the next elections to the Russian parliament take place, is it possible now to talk about the prospects for its composition.

How often do elections to the State Duma take place and when were the last elections held

The State Duma in modern Russia (let's leave alone the experience of a hundred years ago) appeared 25 years ago, in 1993, with the adoption of the current Constitution. The first elections were held on December 12, 1993. Initially, the term of office of the Duma was four years, but the Constitution contained a special amendment regarding the first composition of the Duma - its term of office was two years and expired at the end of 1995.

The two-year term of office of the first composition of the modern Duma did not appear by chance. There were several reasons for this, one of them - the authors of the Constitution considered it desirable that the Duma be elected shortly before the next presidential election. Thus, firstly, it was possible to objectively understand the mood of the people six months before the election of the head of state, and this is a plus for all participants in the presidential election. Secondly, the elected president understood what kind of parliament he would have to work with throughout his entire term.

Thus, in December 1995, the second composition of the Duma was elected, and in the summer of 1996, presidential elections were held.

The term of office of both the State Duma and the President of Russia, according to the original text of the Constitution, was four years. Elections have always been held almost simultaneously.

In 2008, the first serious amendments in its history were made to the Constitution, and the terms of office of the State Duma and the President of Russia were extended. Moreover, for the State Duma, the term was increased by a year - and for the head of state by two years - up to six years.

Explaining this step, the Russian authorities spoke of the desire to get away from the provision that was originally provided for by the Constitution. If in the early 1990s it was convenient for parliamentary elections and presidential elections to be held simultaneously, 15 years later it was decided that this would lead to excessive politicization of society and it would be better if these elections were as far apart as possible in time relative to each other. .

The last elections to the State Duma in Russia were held in September 2016. At the moment, the seventh convocation of the modern State Duma is working, and this is the second convocation, the term of office of which is five years.

When will the next elections to the State Duma in Russia take place?

Thus, the next elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation will have to take place V September 2021 when the term of office of the current Duma expires.

Of course, the elections in 2021 will be held if the seventh composition of the Duma is finalized. Purely theoretically, according to the Constitution, the Duma can terminate its powers ahead of schedule if it is dissolved by the president. The Constitution gives the head of state such a right in the following cases:

• if the State Duma rejects the candidacy of the Chairman of the Government (Prime Minister) three times, which the President submits for approval;
• if the State Duma twice within three months expresses no confidence in the Government of Russia.

It is clear that such situations in the conditions of modern Russia are pure fantasy. Even in the 1990s, when the State Duma was really independent and oppositional, it never came to its dissolution by the president, all conflicts were somehow resolved without extreme measures. Now, when the Duma is absolutely obedient to the Presidential Administration, there is no doubt that its next composition will be finalized before the end of its term of office, all the more so. We can say with full confidence that the next elections to the State Duma will be held in 2021, in September.

What could be the next composition of the State Duma

Talking about the personal composition of the future Duma, which will be elected in the fall of 2021, is rather pointless at the moment. Three and a half years remain before these elections, and during this time the political situation in Russia can change very noticeably.

Even if we imagine the most conservative picture and assume that the same parties that are present in it today will enter the Duma, we should not forget at what age the leaders of some parties will be in 2021.

So, the head of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Gennady Zyuganov, will be 77 years old in 2021 (and by the end of the term of this Duma - 82). The leader of the Liberal Democratic Party, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, will be 75 years old in 2021, and by the end of the term of office of the eighth convocation of the Duma, he will be 80 years old. Even relatively young against their background, Sergei Mironov, who heads the Just Russia faction, will be 68 years old in 2021, and 73 years old by 2026.

Obviously, at least at the level of the leaders of the parties traditionally elected to parliament, we will have to face serious changes.

It is also not a fact that the Presidential Administration will be able to form the most loyal and obedient Duma in 2021. A lot can change in 3.5 years, and what political forces will have sufficient weight in society to get into parliament in 2021, now one can only guess.

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Experts predict that after the presidential elections in 2018, the reform of the political system will begin

Photo: Vladimir Afanasiev / Parliamentary Newspaper

Leveling the competitiveness of parties will become one of the main directions of the reform of the political system in Russia. And one of her vectors will be the consolidation of parties. This was stated by the participants of the meeting of the Parliamentary Newspaper Expert Club, which took place on October 12.

"Multisubjectivity" instead of manual control

The moderator of the Parliamentary Newspaper Expert Club, a political scientist, said that the reform of the political system is overdue, since the existing mechanism for forming the Russian parliament has successfully completed its task of cutting off populist groups from the legislative branch. And, according to him, the fall in the turnout in the elections, which was noted by political scientists on a single voting day on September 10, - “ reasonable behavior voter." The expert believes that the substantive difference of the future reform is that the regime of personal power with one, albeit an excellent leader, will be replaced by "multi-subjectivity".

“The mechanism for making collegial decisions will be stronger than manual control,” Markov said about one of the reform options.

Mikhail Emelyanov. Photo: Igor Samokhvalov / Parliamentary Newspaper

Also, according to him, a scenario is quite real when political parties in Russia become a platform for the integration of government and big business. For example, he explained, if in some city there is businessman No. 1, then there is also businessman No. 2, who will always be in conflict with the first. Each of them needs its own political support, its own party - such a system works in dozens of countries around the world. In Russia, for the time being, business is placing more emphasis on supporting governors or mayors than deputies. The political scientist believes that the situation should change in favor of the parties.

The voter does not go to the polls, because he is sure that all parties in Russia are the same, and voting is necessary "for show", said the first deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on State Building and Legislation, a deputy from the Just Russia faction. The parliamentarian is convinced that the reform of the political system in Russia is impossible without proposals from the parties themselves. According to him, some people in the systemic opposition have been talking about this for a long time, and there are more and more such people.

Ivan Abramov. Photo: Igor Samokhvalov / Parliamentary Newspaper

“No one will break parties over the knee - such a reform will not restore the trust of voters. I think the authorities will mark the path to reform, so that the parties move on it themselves,” the legislator noted.

And now, according to Mikhail Yemelyanov, it is necessary to create a coordinating council for opposition parliamentary parties - this will make it easier to promote initiatives. Especially since, for example, the introduction of a progressive tax scale in Russia is supported by all three opposition Duma factions. Therefore, the association Just Russia”, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the deputy believes, “the idea is not so fantastic.”

Towards bipartisanship

The reform of the political system will begin immediately after the presidential elections in Russia in March 2018, experts are convinced. And we will hear proposals on how to implement changes already during the pre-election statements of presidential candidates - the first deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Regional Policy and Problems of the North is sure of this and Far East, deputy from the LDPR faction.

“The demand for a strong opposition has already been formed in society. And the candidate who formulates it will have a great chance of winning,” he said.

Konstantin Babkin. Photo: Igor Samokhvalov / Parliamentary Newspaper

And the parliamentarian sees the essence of the reform in the enlargement of political parties. At the same time, the parliamentarian noted: if the current electoral legislation would work one hundred percent, then the question of the majority party would always be open.

Experts agree that the emergence of a “second major party” along with United Russia will make it possible to get away from a situation where the interests of a huge number of Russians are not expressed in any way during elections. A political strategist Andrey Kolyadin noted: the authorities will not give a signal for reform if there is no specific project to change the political system. As they say, there is no project - there are no solutions.

Andrey Kolyadin. Photo: Igor Samokhvalov / Parliamentary Newspaper

Meanwhile, not everyone is sure that the reform of the political system will begin in 2018. But in 2021, the State Duma will be formed according to a different principle - few people doubt this. In particular, this opinion was expressed to the Parliamentary newspaper by the head of the Party of Affairs Konstantin Babkin.

“Elections will become more competitive, there will be more competition. In any case, our party feels the desire to suppress our political activity, and we really hope for it,” he said.