We would like to start this article by telling you that the Passive Voice in English language not as difficult to understand as you might think. We actually sympathize with this poor passive structure, since many people hate it.
All you need is a good command and knowledge of the past participle to construct a beautiful sentence using Passive voice in English.

In this article, you can independently study the passive voice in English. You will also learn how the passive voice is formed in English and how to use it. Understand the difference between active and passive voice. Let's look at the table to compare the active voice and the passive voice, using the appropriate tense.

Active voice in English

Let's first find out what is pledge in English?

Pledge is a verb form that shows whether the subject performs an action (= active voice) or is influenced by it (= passive voice).

The active voice is the most commonly used voice in English. And if you think about it, it is usually much simpler than passive sentences.
We must see the characteristics of this form.

Active voice:

• The active subject is at the beginning of the sentence.
• After the subject comes , verb and object.
• We can say that the verb is active.
• Active voice clearly tells us who performed the action.

active voice sentence structure:

Subject+ Verb+ Object

Example with explanation:

- My daughter has won the prize - My daughter won the prize.

In the above sentence we have subject(my daughter) verb(has won) addition(prize).

Which sentence would you use in everyday speech?

- I ate breakfast / the breakfast was eaten by me - I ate breakfast / breakfast was eaten by me.

- They will buy a yacht/ the yacht will be bought - They will buy a yacht / the yacht will be bought.

The answer is obvious. However, in some cases it is better to use passive voice. A little later you will learn in what cases to use the passive voice in English.

What is the passive voice in English?

The passive voice in English is used when the person or thing taking the action is more important than the person or thing doing the action.

Simply put, when we say what a person or thing does, we use Active verb forms. When we say what happened to a person or thing, we often use Passive verb forms.

Let's start with how the passive voice is formed.

Formation of the passive voice

The passive voice is formed with the verb in the correct tense to be + past participle(past participle or regular verb ending in -ed). Let's look again at how the passive voice is formed.

Passive voice formula in English:

Passive voice - Table

The table shows the active and passive voice in English. Compare the two examples, paying attention to the highlighted words.

	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Simple	They take the photos in Belarus.	The photos are taken in Belarus.
Present Continuous	They are taking the photos in Belarus.	The photos are being taken in Belarus.
Past Simple	They took the photos in Belarus.	The photos were taken in Belarus.
Past continuous	They were taking the photos in Belarus.	The photos were being taken in Belarus.
Future Simple	They will take the photos in Belarus.	The photos will be taken in Belarus.
Present Perfect	They have taken the photos in Belarus.	The photos have been taken in Belarus.
Past Perfect	They had taken the photos in Belarus.	The photos were taken in Belarus.
Future Perfect	They will have taken the photos in Belarus.	The photos will have been taken in Belarus.
Infinitive + to	They used to take the photos in Belarus.	The photos used to be taken in Belarus.
Perfect Infinitive	They should have taken the photos in Belarus.	The photos should have been taken in Belarus.
-ing form	They talked about taking the photos in Belarus.	They talked about photos being taken in Belarus.
Modals + be +p.p	You must take the photos in Belarus.	The photos must be taken in Belarus.

The windows have been broken Not(the windows have broken).

• 3. Use Present Participle instead of Past Participle

— Someone has broken the windows —>
— The windows have been broken NOT (the windows has been breaking).

• 4. Confuse plural and singular.

Someone– units h so the verb comes after it has reported.
The windows is plural, so we have to say have been broken Not(the windows has been...).

Verbs that cannot be used in the passive

Not all verbs are used in the passive voice. Passive structures are not possible with , such as die, cry, arrive which do not have an addition (object).

- She died last year - She died last year.
- My baby cried - My baby cried.

Some are also rarely used in the passive. Most of these verbs express a state, not an action.

Examples: have, resemble, lack, etc.:

- I have a flat in the countryside - I have an apartment in the village. ( Not A flat is had by me).
- My jacket doesn’t fit me - My jacket doesn’t suit me. ( Not I’m not fitted by my jacket).

Some prepositional verbs are more often used in the active.

Examples: agree with and walk into:

— I walked into the room ( Not The room was walked into by me).
— He agreed with his mother ( Not He was agreed with by his mother).

When not to use Passive voice in English?

Many who study the passive voice begin to 'abuse' the passive. Here's an important point:

Don't use the passive voice unless you have a reason to.
For example, if you use passive, especially when writing, think about why you would use passive. Do you need to use it to highlight the beginning of a sentence? Or sound polite and formal? Do you want to highlight an action, but no one has done it? If not, then don't use Passive Voice.
By using the passive, your sentences will be long and complex.

Watch the passive voice video and listen to how the passive voice is used in TV series.

We have looked at what the active and passive voice is in English and when exactly to use it in speech. As you understand, active and passive voice in English have their own characteristics.
Of course, active voice is more common, but having learned the rules of the passive voice, now you can easily understand any text. Learning the passive voice will be difficult if you leave it aside for a long time. But if you repeat the table and usage from time to time and also use this rule in speech, then the rule will have no choice but to obey you and stay with you forever!

Passive voice exercises

Do passive voice exercises. Your task will be to open the brackets in the passive voice; if you have difficulty answering, do not hesitate to look at the table.

P.S.
Since many people may forget to put points in the test, we did not use them, so they do not need to be put. If you put a period, the point will not be counted.

1. The postbox (to empty) every day.
2. The letters (to deliver).

Answers: 1. is emptied 2. are postmarked. 3. are sorted. 4. is loaded. 5. are unloaded. 6. are taken. 7. are sorted. 8. are delivered.

Exercise 2. Open the brackets using verbs in the Past Simple Passive. (YESTERDAY)

1. The postbox (to empty) yesterday.
2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.
3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.
4. The mail (to load) into the train.
5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey.
6. The bags (to take) to the post office.
7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets.
8. The letters (to deliver).

Answers: 1. was emptied. 2.were posted. 3. were sorted. 4. was loaded. 5. were unloaded. 6.were taken. 7. were sorted. 8. were delivered.

Exercise 3. Open the brackets using verbs in the Future Simple Passive. (TOMORROW)

1. The postbox (to empty) tomorrow.
2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.
3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.
4. The mail (to load) into the train.
5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey.
6. The bags (to take) to the postoffice.
7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets.
8. The letters (to deliver).

Answers: 1. will be emptied. 2. will be posted. 3. will be sorted. 4. will be loaded. 5. will be unloaded. 6. will be taken. 7. will be sorted. 8. will be delivered.

Exercise 4. Open the brackets using verbs in the Present, Past or Future Simple Passive.

1. My question (to answer) yesterday.
2. Hockey (to play) in winter.
3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.
4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London.
5. His new book (to finish) next year.
6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.
7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.
8. Bread (to eat) every day.
9. The letter (to receive) yesterday.
10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week.
11. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday.
12. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday.
13. Many houses (to build) in our town every year.
14. This work (to do) tomorrow.
15. This text (to translate) at the last lesson.
16. These trees (to plant) last autumn.
17. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons.
18. This bone (to give) to my dog ​​tomorrow.
19. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday.
20. Lost time never (to find) again.
21. Rome (not to build) in a day.

Answers: 1. was answered. 2. is played. 3. are gathered. 4. were burnt. 5. will be finished. 6. are sold. 7. was founded. 8. is eaten. 9. was received. 10. will be sent. 11. was asked. 12. was given. 13. are built. 14. will be done. 15. was translated. 16. were planted. 17. are always played. 18. will be given. 19. were invited. 20. is never found. 21. was not built.

Exercise 5. Open the brackets, choosing the required form of the verb.

1. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau.
2. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs.
3. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room.
4. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift.
5. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloakroom downstairs.
6. They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs.
7. From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel.
8. Tomorrow he will (take, be taken) them to the Russian Museum.

Answers: 1. will be met. 2. will meet. 3. will bring. 4. will be brought. 5. may leave. 6. can leave. 7. will be taken. 8. will take.

Exercise 6. Transmit the following sentences in Passive Voice, paying attention to the place of the preposition.

E.g. We often speak of her. - She is often spoken of.

1. The senior students laughed at the freshman.
2. The group spoke to the headmistress yesterday.
3. Young mothers looked after their babies with great care.
4. Nobody lived in that old house.
5. They sent for Jim and told him to prepare a report on that subject.
6. We thought about our friend all the time.
7. The doctor will operate on him in a week.
8. The teacher sent for the pupil’s parents.
9. They looked for the newspaper everywhere.
10. Nobody slept in the bed.
11. The neighbor asked for the telegram.
12. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention.

Answers: 1. The freshman was laughing at. 2. The headmistress was spoken to yesterday. 3. The babies looked after with great care. 4. That old house was not lived in. 5. Jim was sent for and told to prepare a report on that subject. 6. Our friend was thought about all the time. 7. He will be operated on in a week. 8. The pupil’s parents were sent for. 9. The newspaper was looked for everywhere. 10. The bed was not asleep in. 11. The telegram was asked for. 12. The lecturer was listened to with great attention.

Exercise 7. Open the brackets using verbs in Active Voice or Passive Voice.

1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday.
2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow.
3. He (to give) me this book next week.
4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia.
5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation tomorrow.
6. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book.
7. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest.
8. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147.
9. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov.
10. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian aviation.

Answers: 1.saw 2. will be received. 3. will give. 4. be found. 5. shall show. 6.find. 7. is divided. 8. founded. 9. was founded. 10. call

Exercise 8. Say the following sentences in Passive Voice.

1. Not stole a lot of money from the shop.
2. By six o'clock they had finished the work.
3. At twelve o'clock the workers were loading the trucks.
4. By three o'clock the workers had loaded the trucks.
5. We send our daughters to rest in the south every year.
6. They will show this film on TV.
7. They are building a new concert hall in our street.
8. I bought potatoes yesterday.
9. We shall bring the books tomorrow.
10. They are repairing the clock now.
11. They sell milk in this shop.
12. I have translated the whole text.
13. They broke the window last week.
14. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets.
15. We shall do the work in the evening.
16. He wrote this book in the 19th century.
17. They were playing tennis from four till five.
18. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory.
19. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century.
20. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees.
21. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season.
22. They have forgotten the story.
23. Has anybody explained the rules of the game to you?
24. They haven't brought back my skates.

Answers: 1. A lot of money was stolen from the shop. 2. By six o’clock the work had been finished. 3. At twelve o’clock the trucks were being loaded. 4. By three o’clock the trucks had been loaded. 5. Our daughter is sent to rest in the south every year. 6. This film will be shown on TV. 7. A new concert hall is being built in our street. 8. Potatoes were bought yesterday. 9. The books will be brought tomorrow. 10. The clock is being repaired now. 11. Milk is sold in this shop. 12. The whole text has been translated.. 13. The window was broken last week. 14. When I came home, the sweets had been eaten. 15. The work will be done in the evening. 16. This book was written in the 19th century. 17. Tennis was being played.from four till five. 18. The number of important experiments K-we have been made in this laboratory. 19. Central Africa was explored by Livingstone in the 19th century. 20. By the middle of autumn all the trees had been planted. 21. This play will be staged at the beginning of next season. 22. The story has been forgotten. 23. Have the rules of the game been explained to you? 24. My skates haven’t been brought back.

Exercise 9. Send the following sentences into Active Voice. Enter any appropriate subjects.

1. The room was cleaned and aired.
2. Have all these books been read?
3. Whom were these letters written by?
4. The letter has just been typed.
5. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband.
6. I shall not be allowed to go there.
7. He has been told everything, so he knows what to do now.
8. All the questions must be answered.
9. The door has been left open.
10. Betty was met at the station.
11. The girl was not allowed to go to the concert.
12. She said that the new timetable had not yet been hung up on the notice board.
13. The roast chicken was eaten with appetite.
14. It was so dark, that the houses could not be seen.
15. The light has not yet been turned off.
16. The boy was punished for misbehaving.
17. By three o'clock everything had been prepared.
18. The dictation was written without mistakes.
19. Whom was the poem written by?
20. Her dress was washed and ironed.
21. I was not blamed for the mistakes.
22. The papers had been looked through and corrected by the next lesson.
23. This house was built last year.
24. The letter has just been sent.
25. This article will be translated at the lesson on Tuesday.
26. When will this book be returned to the library?

Answers: I. She cleaned and aired the room. 2. Have you read all these books? 3. Who wrote these letters? 4.The secretary has just typed the letter. 5. She showed me the picture which her husband had painted. 6. My parents will not allow me to go there. 7. We have told him everything so he knows what to do. 8. You must answer all the questions. 9. They have left the door open. 10. We met Betty at the station.
II. The girl’s mother did not allow her to go to the concert. 12. She said that they had not yet hung up the new timetable on the notice board. 13. We eat the chicken with appetite. 14. It was so dark that we could not see the houses. 15. They have not yet turned off the light. 16. She punished the boy for misbehaving. 17. By three o’clock we had prepared everything. 18. We wrote the dictation without mistakes. 19. Who wrote the poem? 20. She washed and ironed her dress. 21. They did not blame me for the mistakes. 22. The teacher had looked through and corrected the papers by the next lesson. 23.They built this house last year. 24. We have just sent the letter. 25. We shall translate this article at the lesson on Tuesday. 26. When will you return this book to the library?

Exercise 10. Translate into English using verbs in Passive Voice.

1. They showed us a very strange picture.
2. They are looking for you. Go home.
3. You will all be invited to the hall and told about all the changes in the school curriculum.
4. Why do people always laugh at him?
5. We were all given tickets to the exhibition.
6. The lectures of this famous professor are always listened to with great attention.
7. Someone is waiting for me?
8. They were asked three difficult questions.
9. The director has already been sent for. Wait a bit.
10. Everyone was invited to a big hall.
11. These letters have been viewed. They can be sent.
12. A guide met them at the station and took them to the hotel.
13. These magazines should be returned to the library next week.
14. In our classes, a lot of attention is paid to pronunciation.
15. Ivanov was told to explain why he was missing classes.
16. Will I be invited to your party?
17. The children were left at home alone.

Answers: 1. We were shown a very strange picture. 2. You are being looked for. Go home. 3. All of you will be gathered in the hall and told about all the changes in the school curriculum. 4. Why is he always laughing at? 5. All of us were given tickets to the exhibition. 6. The lectures of this famous professor are always listened to with great attention. 7. Am I being waited for? 8. They were asked three difficult questions. 9. The headmaster has already been sent for. Please wait a little. 10. Everybody was invited to a big hall. 11. These letters have been looked through. They can be sent. 12. At the station they were met by the guide and taken to the hotel. 13. These magazines must be returned to the library next week. 14. At our lessons much attention is paid to pronunciation. 15. Ivanov was told to explain why he missed classes. 16. Shall I be invited to your party? 17. The children were left alone at home.

WELL DONE!

Literature:

1. Pavlichenko O.M. English language. Grammar workshop. Level II. - 2nd ed., rev. and additional - X.: Ranok, 2012. - 304 p.
2. Golitsynsky Yu.B. Grammar: Collection of exercises. - 5th ed., - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2005. - 544 p. - (English for schoolchildren).

Hello friends! For many, the topic of active and passive voice in English is complex and incomprehensible. Some people encounter problems in forming the passive form, others do not know how to translate such sentences. If you know how to form PassiveVoice, learn to recognize and understand such sentences, these skills will make your speech more varied and richer, and your language competencies will become one step closer to proficiency at the level of a native English speaker.

What is passive voice?

In English, voice indicates whether the subject action is performed on its own by the active/active voice, or whether the action is performed on it by the passive/passive voice.

So there are two collaterals:

1. Active Voice - Active
2. Passive Voice - Passive

Passive voice in English table

Active voice in English table

• Active Voice: They usually visit their granny.— They usually visit their granny.
• Passive Voice: Their granny is usually visited.— Their grandmother is often visited.
• Active Voice: They are visiting their granny now.— Now they are visiting their grandmother.
• Passive Voice: Their granny is being visited now.— Their grandmother is being visited now.
• Active Voice: They have just visited their granny— They just visited their granny.
• Passive Voice: Their granny has just been visited. — Their granny just visited.

Remember, 3 uses of the passive voice in English

1. When we don't know who performed the action. For example: The bank was robbed (we don’t know who did it).
2. When it is not important to us who performed the action, but the action itself is important. For example: This house will be built next year (it doesn’t matter to us who does it, it’s important to us that it will be built).
3. When we don't want to say who exactly did it (if something bad happened and we don't want to blame anyone). For example: The holiday is ruined (we don’t want to say who ruined it).

Table with tense forms of the passive voice

Time	Education	When to use	Example
Present Continuous	am/is/are being ed)	action occurs at the moment of speech	Their plan is being considered by the members of the committee. Their plan is reviewed by committee members.
Past Continuous	was/were being+ III form of the verb (or regular verb with the ending - ed)	the action was in progress at a certain point in the past	While we were having lunch, the room was being cleaned . While we were having lunch, the room was being cleaned.
Future Continuous
Past Perfect	had been+ III form of the verb (or regular verb with the ending - ed)	past action preceding another past action	When her parents arrived, the problem had already has been solved . When her parents arrived, the problem had already been solved.
Future Perfect	will have been+ III form of the verb (or regular verb with the ending - ed)	an action that will be completed before a certain point in the future	This document will have been sent by 6 o'clock. This document will be sent by six o'clock.
Present/Past/Future Perfect Continuous	This form does not exist in the passive voice

Exercises with answers

Exercise 1. Open the brackets using verbs in the Present Simple Passive.

1. The postbox (to empty) every day.
2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.
3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.
4. The mail (to load) into the train.
5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey.
6. The bags (to take) to the post office.
7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets.
8. The letters (to deliver).

Exercise 2. Open the brackets to choose the required form of the verb.

1. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau.
2. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs.
3. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room.
4. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift.
5. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloakroom downstairs.
6. They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs.
7. From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel.
8. Tomorrow he will (take, be taken) them to the Russian Museum.

Exercise 3. Open the brackets using verbs in Active Voice or Passive Voice.

1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday.
2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow.
3. He (to give) me this book next week.
4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia.
5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation tomorrow.
6. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book.
7. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest.
8. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147.
9. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov.
10. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian aviation.

Today we will learn how to construct phrases in such a way as to emphasize the impact on any animate or inanimate object.

The article contains explanations of the rules and exercises.

Active, Passive Voice in English: definition

What are active and passive voices? Active and Passive Voice - grammatical forms that determine how an object relates to an action, or how the effect produced relates to the object in a phrase. Present in any language. Known in English as:

• Active Voice.
• Passive Voice.

The active, or so-called active, voice is used most often: the author of the act performed is the subject, and the action itself is the predicate. The noun is active because it itself makes an impact on someone or something.

Mike is doing his homework at the moment. - Mike is doing homework at the moment.

Passive Voice - passive, or so-called The noun is used as an object, and the action is used as a predicate, the influence is exerted on someone or something.

The homework is being done by Mike at the moment. - Mike is doing his homework at the moment.

Usage options

The passive voice complicates the perception of the statement too much, so the excessive use of such a grammatical form is not very welcome. However, there are certain options when it is impossible to do without using the passive voice:

• The author of the act carried out is unknown (the act was carried out anonymously, it is unclear who or what caused the impact):

This book was ripped yesterday. - This book was torn yesterday.

• The author of the impact is not significant (the person who performed the impact is not important):

The project will be finished by tomorrow. - The project will be finished tomorrow.

• The author of the action is already clear (obvious from the context):

The burglar was arrested last month. - The burglar was arrested last month.

• We care about the action itself, but not about the author (in news headlines and announcements, when we are interested in what happened, and not who arranged it):

The jazz concert will be held on Tuesday. - The jazz concert will be held on Tuesday.

• The action can be carried out by anyone (in recipes, instructions):

The milk is heated and added to the dough. - Milk is heated and added to the dough.

• In documents (in official announcements, abstracts):

This article is meant as an example of a research paper. - This article is presented as an example of a research paper.

Active and Passive Voice: Exercises

Task 1. Determine which rules of use are found in the following phrases, connect the number of the sentence with the letter of the rule. There may be several options, as can be seen from the picture.

Passive forms

Let us next consider the forms of the Passive Voice. The passive form of the predicate uses a part of speech denoting the action “to be” (“to be”) in the third person singular or plural a certain time (for example, “is”, “are”) and the main (semantic) part of speech, denoting the impact, in the third form.

The part of speech denoting the action “to be” changes to the corresponding form when the time in which the act of action is carried out changes. The semantic part of speech denoting the effect remains unchanged: it is always used as In English, this form of the part of speech denoting the action is called Past Participle or Participle II.

Parts of speech denoting the action performed are divided into two types: regular and incorrect. The latter are exceptions to the grammatical rule for the formation of certain tense forms.

The third form of regular parts of speech denoting action looks similar to the past tense: - ed is added at the end:

• to love - loved;
• to play - played.

Irregular parts of speech denoting action have a special third form that must be remembered in each particular case. At the initial stage, you can use a special exclusion table. But the most frequently occurring parts of speech, denoting the action performed, which are quickly remembered, are incorrect:

• to drink - drunk;
• to eat - eaten.

The part of speech denoting the action “to be” in the passive voice goes through the same changes as the predicate in the active voice. A good clue for determining the time of impact is adverbs of time (including adverbs of frequency).

When constructing questions, the part of speech denoting the action performed is placed before the subject. When asking a question, think first about the effect being carried out, and then about the object or subject on which it is being carried out.

In negatives, the particle “not” follows the auxiliary part of speech, denoting the action “to be”. Under no circumstances should you make the most common mistake and put the main part of speech denoting impact before “not”! In this case, “not” comes before the main verb, it divides auxiliary and main verbs.

Passive voice and tenses

As we can observe, only the part of speech that denotes the action “to be” changes. The main part of speech denoting action does not change.

Other important observation is that not all tense groups are present in the passive voice. In the following cases they need to be replaced:

• Present Perfect Continuous is replaced by:

He has been cooking this meal since 5 p.m. - This meal has been cooked since 5 p.m.

Translation: He has been preparing this food since 5:00 pm. - The food was prepared from 17:00.

• Past Perfect Continuous is replaced by Past Perfect:

Peter had been doing the research for 3 months. - The research had been done for 3 months.

Translation: Peter conducted the study for 3 months. - The study was carried out over 3 months.

• Future Continuous is replaced by Future Simple:

Tomorrow at 2 o’clock Helen will be cleaning this apartment. - This apartment will be cleaned tomorrow at 2 o’clock.

Translation: Helen will be cleaning this apartment at two o'clock tomorrow. - This apartment will be cleaned tomorrow at two o'clock.

• Future Perfect Continuous is replaced by Future Perfect:

Mike will have been driving the truck for 2 years by next week. - The truck will have been driven for 2 years by next week.

Translation: Mike will have been driving the truck for two years by next week. - The truck will have been in use for two years by next week.

Task 2. Put the verb “do” in the correct form.

Replacement of collateral

If you want to replace Active Voice - Passive Voice, that is, convert a phrase in the active voice to the passive form, you need to remember the features of the grammatical construction of voices.

In an active voice phrase, the subject comes first, the predicate comes second, and the object comes at the end. In the passive voice, the object takes the place of the subject.

Replacing Active Voice - Passive Voice is carried out in several stages:

• Determine which noun is the subject and which is the object:

Someone broke into their apartment yesterday.

• Determine at what time the impact occurs:

In our version - Past Simple.

• At the beginning of the phrase, put an object (instead of a subject), use the semantic part of speech denoting the effect in the third form, and place the part of speech denoting the action “to be” in front of it in the necessary tense form:

Their apartment was broken into yesterday.

The presence of two additions increases the number of options for constructing a phrase in the passive voice:

Nick brought Kate a book. - Nick brought Kate a book.

• Kate was brought a book. - A book was brought to Kate.
• A book was brought to Kate. - The book was brought by Kate.

Both options are acceptable, but it is better to use a form where the subject is an animate pronoun.

Task 3. Which voice is preferable to use in the following cases: Active Voice, Passive Voice?

Prepositions “by” and “with”

Additions are used in combination with these prepositions when it is necessary to mention who the author of the action is and in what ways the influence is carried out.

Sherlock Holmes was created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. - Sherlock Holmes was created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

The preposition “with” indicates by what means (auxiliary materials or tools) the influence is performed:

The soup is stirred with a spoon. - Stir the soup with a spoon.

The use of these prepositions is optional, with the exception of questions beginning with the words “who” (by whom?) and “what” (with what?).

Who was Hercule Poirot created by? - Who created it

What was the fire caused by? - What caused the fire?

In the formal style of speech, prepositions are often placed at the beginning of the phrase:

By what was the fire caused? - What caused the fire?

By whom was Hercule Poirot created? - Who created Hercule Poirot?

With what is the soup stirred? - What do you use to stir the soup?

Task 4. Put the verbs in the correct form Active and Passive Voice.

Modal verbs

How they work the Passive Voice and modal verbs - we will analyze further. Modal verbs are never used independently, but only in combination with a part of speech denoting the effect produced, in the indefinite mood. If they are present in the description of the impact made, in the passive voice the part of speech denoting the impact produced is transformed:

modal verb + “be” + Participle II

She might start research in July. (She can start research in July.) - Her research might be started in July.

We should fill in that form by hand. (We must fill out this form by hand.) - That form should be filled in by hand.

If the phrase contains the following parts of speech indicating impact:

• to hear (hear);
• to help (help);
• to make (meaning “to force”);
• to see (to see),

after the main and auxiliary verbs there is one more in the indefinite mood (with the particle “to”):

I was made to clean the house. - I was forced to clean the house.

Mary will be helped to bake this cake. - Mary will be helped to bake this cake.

There are two voices in English: active and passive. The passive voice (Passive Voice) in English is otherwise called passive, and the active voice (Active Voice) is called active.

When is it correct to use one or another collateral? It is important to understand the difference between passive and active voice.

How to distinguish between passive and active voice?

If subject denotes the thing or person doing the action , then the verb is used in the active voice form.

🔊 I write letters to my friend in Moscow.
I writing letters to my friend in Moscow.

If action is performed on the subject , then the verb is used in the passive voice.

Prepositions in the passive voice

Exist marker words highlighting the passive voice, are prepositions by And with. For details of their use, see table No. 1 below.

It is worth noting that the passive voice is used more often in English than in Russian. Tenses in the passive voice are chosen according to the same principles as in the active voice.. We will look at the formation of tenses in the following articles.

In what other cases is the passive voice used?

1. If the narrator does not know or does not care who performed the action.

🔊Some sculptures were stolen from an exhibition last weekend.
Sculptures were stolen from last weekend's exhibition.

1. When the subject of the action or process is more important than the actor.

🔊The forest was destroyed by fire.
Forest was destroyed fire.

1. If you deliberately don’t want to point out who performed the action.

🔊 The balloon has been burst.
The balloon burst.