MOU Vetluzhskaya secondary school №2

Control tasks

Item: "Russian history".

Topic: "Peter Ӏ".

Grade: 7

Target: boundary control of knowledge.

Developed by:

a history teacher

N.S. Levashova

Vetluga, 2012

Key:

		G, f, w
	1234
				1243
				1,3,4

1 option

1. main reason Northern War:

1) the struggle for access to the North Sea,

2) the invasion of the Swedes into the territory of Ukraine,

3) the defeat of Russia's allies in the struggle against Sweden.

2. Assemblies under Peter I were called:

1) meetings of the monarchs of European states to make important decisions,

2) meetings for rich and noble people with the obligatory participation of women,

3) theatrical performances.

3. What is known in Russian history in 1703?

1) there was a battle near Narva,

2) Russian troops captured the Noteburg fortress by storm,

3) St. Petersburg was founded.

4. The Northern War ended with the signing of:

1) Zborovsky peace 2) Andrusovsky truce

3) Nishtad peace 4) Bakhchisaray peace

5. Recruitment duty is:

6. The formation of the Holy Governing Synod led to:

1) church schism,

2) destruction of monastic land ownership,

3) subordination of the church to the highest secular authority.

1) Boyar Duma,

2) Near Office,

3) Governing Senate.

9. "Mother of the Poltava battle" Peter I called the battle:

1) near the village of Lesnaya,

2) near Narva,

3) near Derpt.

10. Restore the chronological sequence of events and write down the combination of letters in order from earliest to latest:

1. defeat of Russian troops near Narva,
2. foundation of Petersburg
3. battle of Grengam,
4. Poltava battle.

11. The following events are associated with the era of Peter I:

1) Proclamation of Russia as an empire,

2) Obtaining Russia's access to the Black Sea,

3) Establishment of the Council of State,

4) Establishment of the Governing Senate.

12. "Table of Ranks":

Option 2

1. In 1721 there was (about):

1) the conclusion of a truce with Turkey,

2) the conclusion of the Nystadt peace,

3) the defeat of the Swedish squadron at Cape Gangut.

2. The Northern War falls on the period:

1) 1700-1721

2) 1709-1720

3) 1701-1722

3. The document according to which the estates of the nobles were equated with the boyar estates:

1) Decree on single inheritance,

2) Table of ranks,

3) Decree on succession to the throne.

4. The European chronology has been introduced since January:

1. 1700
2. 1703
3. 1708
4. 1714

5. Document that determined in the first quarter of the XVIII century. the order of the rank system and the order of promotion in the state and military service:

1) decree of uniform inheritance 3) Table of ranks

2) General Regulations 4) Military Charter

6. During the reign of Peter I appeared:

1. zemstvos
2. orders
3. ministries
4. colleges

7. The main measures of Peter I to transform the army:

a) the transformation of the army into a regular one

b) the inclusion of foreign regiments in the Russian army

c) an increase in the number of archery regiments

d) the introduction of recruitment

e) the establishment of universal military service

f) the creation of state-owned manufactories for the production of military products

g) organization of institutions for the training of military specialists

8. By decree of uniform inheritance:

1. estates were granted to the nobles on the terms of service
2. boyar estates could not be split upon inheritance
3. the estates of the nobles were equated with the boyar estates

9. Specify the conditions under which peace was concluded between Russia and Sweden in northern war:

1. Finland retreated to Russia
2. Russia got access to the Baltic Sea
3. Sweden retained Novgorod and Pskov

10. The battle of Poltava took place in:

1. 1707
2. 1709
3. 1708

11. The establishment of the Holy Synod meant

1. Strengthening the role of the church in the country, strengthening its influence and power
2. The final subordination of the Church to the State
3. Introduction of religious freedom

12. The decree “On the succession to the throne” legislated:

1. Inheritance of power through the male line
2. The autocrat's right to appoint an heir
3. Election of the future ruler by the council of aristocrats.

3 option

1. During the reign of Peter Ӏ, the following was carried out:

1. introduction of the passport system,
2. introduction of house-to-house taxation,
3. adopted the Council Code,
4. introduction of the poll tax.

2. The purpose of the "Great Embassy":

1. find allies in the upcoming war against Sweden,
2. find allies in the upcoming war with the Ottoman Empire,
3. get acquainted with the state structure of Western countries.

3. Agricultural crop brought to Russia during the reign of Peter Ӏ:

1. radish,
2. potato,
3. corn.

1. enthronement of Peter and Ivan under the regency of Princess Sofya Alekseevna,
2. enthronement of Fedor Alekseevich,
3. the imprisonment of Princess Sophia in the Novodevichy Convent.

5. Mother of Peter Ӏ:

6. What institutions in the field of education and science were opened under Peter Ӏ?

7. The guards regiments, which were originally amusing, were intended for the military amusements of the young Peter Ӏ:

8. Peter Ӏ participated in the Great Embassy to Europe under the name:

9. Church policy of Peter Ӏ:

1. attaching parish clergy to churches and places of service,
2. liquidation of the patriarchy,
3. introduction of patriarchy
4. subordination Orthodox Church Pope of Rome
5. the establishment of the Theological College - the Holy Synod.

10. Prosecutor General, "the eye of the sovereign", who headed the Senate during the reign of Peter Ӏ:

1. V.V. Golitsyn,
2. P.I. Yaguzhinsky,
3. A.F.Adashev,
4. S. Yavorsky.

11. Name the work created by Peter Ӏ:

12. During the reign of Princess Sophia, Peter A lived with his mother in:

1. Treaty of Constantinople
2. Nerchinsk Treaty,

1. Prut Treaty,
2. Treaty of Nystadt.

2. A document in which the right of the reigning monarch himself to appoint his heir was secured:

3. What is the condition that was put forward by Peter Ӏ in the decree of 1714 for the nobles who want to marry:

1710.

6. Recruitment duty is:

1) the obligation of the peasants to work at the state-owned manufactory,

2) the state tax from the peasants for the maintenance of the army,

3) the obligation of the taxable class to expose a certain number of soldiers from their community.

7. The highest government institution under Peter I since 1711

1) Boyar Duma,

2) Near Office,

3) Governing Senate.

8. The most important outcome of the Northern War:

1) obtaining access to the North Sea,

2) obtaining access to the Baltic Sea,

3) the transition of Poland under the protection of Russia.

9. The document according to which the estates of the nobles were equated with the boyar estates:

1) Decree on single inheritance,

2) Table of ranks,

3) Decree on succession to the throne.

10. The European chronology has been introduced since January:

1. 1700
2. 1703
3. 1708

11. Restore the chronological sequence of events and write down the combination of letters in order from earliest to latest:

1. "Narva confusion",
2. foundation of Petersburg
3. Gangut battle,
4. Poltava battle.

12. Reforms of Peter Ӏ in the field of culture:

1. issue of the first printed newspaper Vedomosti,
2. beginning of printing
3. opening of the first museum - the Kunstkamera,
4. opening of the School of Navigational and Mathematical Sciences.

In foreign policy Peter inherited two tasks from his predecessors:

• 1. it was necessary to complete the political unification of the Russian people, almost half of which was still outside the Russian state;
• 2. It was necessary to correct the borders of the state territory, especially on the southern and western sides, which were too open for attack.

The resolution of these tasks was necessary to ensure Russia's external security in the south and west.

At the beginning of his reign, Peter directed his main efforts in the south with the aim of securing and securing the shores of the Black and Azov Seas. In 1695-1696. he undertakes two campaigns and captures the fortress of Azov. The first Russian fleet appears on the Sea of ​​Azov, shipyards and harbors appear there. The construction of the fortress and harbor of Taganrog began.

However, then they changed international relationships With Western Europe. Sweden began to dominate in northern and central Europe. Its predominance had a severe effect on the states close to the Baltic Sea: Denmark, Poland, Russia. From Poland, Sweden captured Estonia and Livonia. Russia has Ingria and Karelia. All this forced Peter to turn his efforts from the south to the Baltic Sea. The southern direction was abandoned for the sake of fencing the northwestern territories. A Baltic coalition was formed against Sweden: Poland. Denmark, Russia. The Northern War (1700-1721) was divided by the Battle of Poltava into 2 stages:

• 1. 1700-1709
• 2. 1709-1721.

The first stage was defensive for Russia, it began with the defeat of the Russian army near Narva. Peter created new army, liberated the ancient Russian city of Oreshek (Noteburg), in the spring of 1703 took possession of the mouth of the Neva. The laying of the Peter and Paul Fortress laid the foundation for St. Petersburg, which in 1712 became the capital Russian Empire. The Russian fleet appeared in the waters of the Baltic Sea. The sea fortress of Kronstadt was founded.

The Poltava victory made it possible to seize the initiative. Russian army occupied Livonia and Estonia, and then entered Germany. The Swedes were ousted from all their overseas possessions, supremacy in the Baltic Sea and in general in northern Europe passed to Russia. In 1716 the Swedish empire was finished forever.

Russia's military successes did not suit everyone in Europe. The activity of French diplomacy and the efforts of Charles XII led to a clash between Turkey and Russia. In 1710 Türkiye declared war on Russia. In 1711, Peter undertook the Prut campaign with the aim of defeating the Turkish Empire, but failed. Russia returned the Sea of ​​Azov to the Turks (the fortresses of Azov and Taganrog were destroyed). The failure on the Prut pushed back the resolution of the Black Sea issue for more than half a century.

Peter's efforts again turned to the Baltic Sea. He abandoned his previous promises to the allies to confine himself to the old Russian territories, torn away by the Swedes in the early 17th century. (that is, Ingria and Karelia). Estonia and Livonia in 1710 were included in Russia. Since 1712 Peter began to actively intervene in German affairs, fighting the influence of England, France and Denmark. In 1721, at a peace congress in Nystadt (Finland), an agreement was signed “on eternal peace between Russia and Sweden. Sweden ceded to Russia Livonia, Estonia, Ingria and part of Karelia (with Vyborg). Russia pledged to return Finland to Sweden.

In honor of the victory, the Senate presented Peter with the rank of admiral and the title of “Father of the Fatherland”, “Great”, and “Emperor of All Russia”. Thus, the Treaty of Nishtad legally formalized Russia's acquisitions in the Baltics and the birth of a new empire. After the Treaty of Nystadt, the interests of trade policy come to the fore in Russia's foreign policy. The result of the merger of the military-political and trade interests of the Russian Empire was Russo-Persian War 1722-1723 This war was also combined with attempts to penetrate Central Asia in order to seize the traditional trade routes with India and China. The conquest of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea was by no means conceived by Peter as a temporary measure. According to the Russian-Persian peace of 1723, significant territories of Persia were ceded to Russia. The creation of a foothold in the Caspian set the goal of preparing a campaign against India. Thus, during the reign of Peter there were serious changes in foreign policy. The essence of the changes was that Russia moved from solving urgent problems of national policy to posing and solving typical imperial problems.

The Treaty of Nystadt, which ended the long-term Northern War, was signed on August 30, 1721. Peter received news of this on September 3 on his way to Vyborg and immediately returned to the capital. On September 4, in St. Petersburg, the conclusion of peace with Sweden was announced. All day trumpeters and riders in ceremonial clothes rode around the city and announced the end of the war, and a few days later the capital celebrated the victory. A masquerade was arranged, which lasted for several days. The tsar himself, in the costume of a ship's drummer, walked at the head of the carnival column along Trinity Square and "performed his work excellently," as an eyewitness wrote. The king really did not hide his happiness, he sang songs, danced and said on this occasion: "This joy exceeds all joy for me on earth."

In October, the holidays in the capital ended with official acts. Peter declared an amnesty for all those convicted, forgiveness for state debtors. On October 22, a solemn ceremony of presenting the title of Peter the Great, Father of the Fatherland and Emperor of All Russia, was held at the Trinity Cathedral. An appeal to Peter with a request to accept this title was signed by all senators. At the beginning of the ceremony, a peace treaty was read, and then Feofan Prokopovich delivered a sermon.

He reminded everyone of the famous deeds of Peter, and argued that "the name of the Father of the Fatherland and the Emperor of All Russia is worthy to have." The oldest of the senators, Chancellor G.I. Golovkin, who noted that now the Russians "have been produced from non-existence into existence and added to the society of political peoples." Peter congratulated everyone on the end of a difficult war and said that "hoping for peace, one must not weaken in military affairs." To commemorate the event, the guns of the Admiralty, the Peter and Paul Fortress, and almost a hundred galleys stationed on the Neva rang out. On Trinity Square, barrels of wine and a platform were prepared in advance, on which the tsar climbed and addressed the crowd of thousands, congratulating everyone on the coming peace. Celebrations began - carnival, illumination. In the Senate building, a dinner was held for noble persons. The celebration ended with a magnificent display of fireworks, with lights soaring into the sky depicting various figures related to victory, the last was a ship with a Latin inscription "The end crowns the deed."

Peter the Great, Father of the Fatherland, Emperor of All Russia

Then the holiday moved to Moscow, and continued, as in St. Petersburg, for several weeks. Here, too, a grandiose masquerade was staged, which, according to Peter's plan, symbolized the transformation of Russia into a maritime power.

The Russian state began to be called an empire, and Peter the Emperor of All Russia. European countries, although not immediately, were forced to recognize the new status and new role of Russia in international affairs.

The text was prepared by Galina Dregulyas

For those who want to know more:
1. Pavlenko N.I. Peter the Great. - M., 1994
2. Mavrodin V.V. Foundation of Petersburg. L, 1983

On November 2 (October 22, O.S.), 1721, Tsar PETER I assumed the imperial title and became known as the Great. This event was preceded by the victorious end of the 21-year-long war with the Swedes and the conclusion of the Nishtadt Peace Treaty with them, which was beneficial for Russia. On this occasion, a mass was held in the Trinity Cathedral of St. Petersburg, after which the text of the peace treaty concluded with the Swedes was read, and then Feofan Prokopovich delivered a sermon in which he described all the famous deeds of the tsar, for which he deserves to be called the Father of the Fatherland, Emperor and Great.

Preparations for an important event took a couple of days. October 22, 1721 after the end of the service at the Trinity Cathedral, which was attended by royal family and the high society of the capital, Chancellor Count Golovkin addressed the monarch with a speech.

Noting the role of Peter I in the victory over the Swedes, the count, on behalf of all his subjects, asked the tsar "to accept the title of Father of the Fatherland, Peter the Great, Emperor of All Russia." After these words, all those present shouted “Vivat” three times, then the bells of churches rang throughout the capital, volleys of cannons and rifle salutes of the regiments lined up in front of the cathedral were heard.

Peter answered with a short word: “I strongly wish that our people would directly know what the Lord did to us by the past war and the conclusion of peace. It is necessary to thank God with all the strength; however, hoping for peace, do not weaken in military affairs, so that it does not happen with us as with the Greek monarchy. It is necessary to work for the benefit and the common profit, which God places before our eyes both inside and outside, from which the people will be relieved. At the end of the ceremony, Metropolitan Stefan of Ryazan held a thanksgiving service.

Safonov. Peter the Great announces to the people the conclusion of the Peace of Nystadt

From the cathedral, everyone went to the Senate, where tables were set for a thousand people. The ceremonial reception and dancing continued until three in the morning, interrupted by the festive fireworks, which glorified the victory in the Northern War with allegorical symbols. Soon, one with Latin text, the other with Russian. Peter on them was already titled emperor. This is the inscription that was engraved on one side of the medal with the Russian text: “V.I.B.Shch. Sovereign Peter I, in the name and deeds of the divine, the Great Russian Emperor and to the Father, after the twenty-year triumphs of the North, who died, this medal from the gold of the home is most zealously brought.

10/22/1721 (4.11). - Peter I took the title of Emperor of All Russia after the victory over the Swedes in the Northern War of 1700-1721.

The inferiority complex of Peter and his associates before the West made him consider the opinion of Europe in this matter extremely important. As the researcher of this topic O.G. Ageeva (although one can not agree with all of her justifying remarks):

This is also indicated by the texts of the sources. So, already in the first sentences of the Synod, and then in the Report of November 1, in decrees on the imperial title and in negotiations with foreign diplomats, the thought was constantly heard that “may Russia not appear in the gap to the whole world” (“and there is no gap for the Caesar’s title afraid"), and then went on to confirm the right of the Russian side to the imperial title of reference to the letters of Maximilian I and other "many potentants", including the kings of the French, Spanish and Venetian Republics. When justifying the presentation of the titles “Great” and “Father of the Fatherland”, it was also indicated that the title “Great” “is already applied by many in printed letters”, and the name “Father of the Fatherland” is given “according to the butt of ancient Greek and Roman singlites, which their monarchs offered."

The form of naming chosen by the Senate and the Synod also speaks volumes. His ceremonial, as already noted, consisted, firstly, in the public reading in the church of the text of the appeal to the Tsar on behalf of "all the ranks" of the state, while the senators and members of the Synod "appeared" before the monarch. Secondly, in a short response speech of the Tsar. And although Peter did not mention the title in any of its paragraphs - he spoke about the concluded peace, about “non-weakening” in military affairs and work “for the benefit and profit of the common”, nevertheless, the speech symbolized consent to accept the “offering” of subjects. Thirdly, collective triple exclamations “Vivat, viva, viva Peter the Great, Father of the Fatherland, Emperor of All Russia!”

All these three elements are very remotely, but still reminiscent of the tradition of investiture (induction) of the Roman and Byzantine emperors. Election of Roman emperors until the middle of the 5th century. carried out by the Senate, military leaders and representatives of the people. The emperor, in addition to other ritual actions (raising on a shield, laying a neck circlet on the head, etc.), gave a thanksgiving speech. A threefold proclamation was also obligatory, the content of which changed over time. The authors of the ceremony in 1721 were elected adopted at the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries. western version of the proclamation: "Vivat, emperor ..!"

Thus, when composing the ceremony in the St. Petersburg Trinity Cathedral, reminiscences of the early secular Roman coronation and the modern Western text of the proclamation were used. At the same time ... what was happening was justified by references to the practice of "ancient Greek and Roman synclites." In the early centuries of the Roman Empire, investiture was purely secular...

Orientation to the European tradition led to the fact that at the coronation of Catherine I, for the first time, new imperial insignia were adopted for the wedding to the Russian throne: an imperial crown, different from Russian ones, an imperial mantle (a golden damask with eagles, lined with ermines), complementing the European dress of the queen; as well as the imperial scepter with a double-headed eagle (“which has been used since ancient times during the coronation and anointing of the emperors of All Russia”) and a globe (power) “of the same style as Glaber mentions in his stories about ancient imperial globes. The matter of the globe is ancient Roman ... ". The imperial regalia seemed extremely important to contemporaries: their special description completed the printed report on the coronation of Catherine I.

Of course, in the report, the subjects of the Russian monarch were not informed about the abolition of the royal insignia of “Byzantine” origin, which had no Western analogue: St. a cross, a crown - Monomakh's caps and barm (tiaras), which were a mantle with images ... The abolition of the Byzantine-Russian signs of power meant the depreciation of the idea of ​​​​the Byzantine heritage and indirectly belittled the royal dignity of previous centuries ...

So the adoption of the imperial title by Peter I, on the one hand, reflected the strengthening of the power of Russia and its influence in European affairs, on the other hand, testified to the spiritual decline in the concept of the Empire as holding the Third Rome in Russia itself. In such an acceptance of the imperial title, one can see clear evidence that Peter " Great Russia covered Holy Rus'. In his view, Russia has ceased to be the only true Christian Kingdom that holds back the evil of the world. "True" in Peter's view were European states with advanced science and sophisticated secular art, courtly etiquette, powerful navies, colonial possessions, factory industries and global trade. In this "true" center of the world, Peter began to drive the Russian people with a whip, aggravating and creating a new split - cultural and social. So Russian patriots have nothing to rejoice at this day, much less celebrate it as a holiday.

Discussion: 7 comments

A little earlier, after 1666/7, half of Russia was burned for standing in the faith as it was originally transferred to Russia, for standing up against the defacement of liturgical books and changing the creed.
The other half was forcibly forced to be the new "Orthodox" who, as the Infallible Pope-Caesar-Patriarch said, should live like this.
And... you didn't notice that, did you? It seems like a trifle.
Satanic Peter came, arranging "the most joking councils", the blasphemy of which is far away for modern Satanists ... At the same time, the "holy" synod only touched Peter ..
And only then some of the heretics, I’m not afraid of this word, began to notice that - oh ... yes, we slightly ceased to be “holding back the evil of the world”, our holiness was “slightly obscured”, because the title of Caesar was changed!
Stunning spiritual and historical blindness!

Gracious sovereign with a true Orthodox Latin name rasergiy. Before accusing the Patriarch that "after 1666/7, half of Russia was burned for standing in the faith," you would first bother to find out at least three things: 1. What was the attitude of Patriarch Nikon to the old rite ("should not be declared heretical old, it will gradually die itself, for the disagreements are insignificant") and where, after 1666/7, the deposed Patriarch was located. ()2. Who, when and why started civil executions (what was the behavior of Avaakum and others -). 3. How many schismatics were executed (tens, maximum, with undocumented cases - hundreds http://jesuschrist.ru/forum/showthreaded.php?Cat=&Board=&Number=359191) and how many thousands burned themselves en masse, committing a mortal sin suicide. And even this was not "half of Russia" - so why throw empty words?

Your new response does not correspond to the topic of the article. If you want to argue about the Old Believers - we have a topic for this on the forum. You were unable to register on the forum because You have not read the registration rules. Read it, register with a Russian name (preferably full and real, in order to answer in Orthodoxy for your denunciations) and prove your point of view there.

Dear Administrator,
Read the rules, registered with full name and last name, in accordance with the rules, a letter was received: "Your account is not yet active, it must be activated by the conference administrator. As soon as this happens, you will be sent a letter."
It's been a month since it happened.

And then delete the first 2 reviews (mine and MVN), as not relevant to the topic of the article.