I will describe the manufacture and operation of a small reactor for processing waste tires, which was conceived by me as an experimental one for testing the parameters and examining the fuel.
The beginning of manufacturing is, of course, documentation, drawings and sketches that are tied to manufacturing capabilities, here I took such opportunities as plasma cutting and manufacturing parts using the shell method, quite well and of high quality, the only thing is not cheap. Some drawings and sketches:

So what do we see in the assembly shop after the finished parts have been delivered:

Assembly and preparation for launch:

Well, then tests and work:
Loading of raw materials after the shredder, a lot of very non-metallic cord, the percentage of rubber is less because part of the rubber is taken away, the raw materials were bought in Slantsy, ready-made, you can see them in bags, it gives a small amount of fuel, and all the raw materials are not processed, because there is not enough rubber.

you can see a “block” in the middle, the effect is not very good..
When loading cut tires... but here the experiment on solid tires is much better, and the fuel is normal in the area of ​​35 percent yield and is completely processed.

carbon burns in “crackers”, it can also be used as fuel, in principle, an analogue of hard coal with the same ash content... or wood, but in wood the ash content of 3 percent immediately reaches 12-20, and of course there is a lot of sulfur, the sulfur does not “go away” in the fuel... according to measurements, sulfur is up to 0.8 percent incomplete, sulfur remains in the carbon where it can be up to 4-something percent. This coal is a good raw material for the synthesis gas reactor, which is in the previous description.

here's the fuel, light -it's easy fraction, there is very little of it, it is closer to the gasoline fraction.

Well, here are various fuel tests obtained both at this installation and earlier at the first reactors.

Well, there is something about coal:

I'm adding another fuel test! Very interesting, yes, we obtained pyrolysis fuel in Perm at the installation that I designed, interesting data:

These tests came from the installation that I designed for Melitopol back in 2007, I think.
Several photos of the installation, its appearance is certainly not presentable, they were apparently made from what was at hand... but it worked well according to their reviews:

This is the carbon that comes from tires.

This is metal cord, it is usually sold as scrap metal, it is advisable, of course, to press it:

It's like general form that furnace in Melitopol, the same one according to my design was supposed to be built in Yekaterinburg... but the 2008 crisis prevented it, so to speak...
So everything was left unfinished, a few sad photographs from Yekaterinburg:

The only thing that in Yekaterinburg they did the project not in length but indoors:

Of course, many factories and different equipment have been designed during this time, but they are all the same for low productivity and I don’t want to go into descriptions... one thing is enough...
I got distracted a little, but let's continue, in fact, pyrolysis is not only valuable fur... sorry, not only the recycling of tires, for example, when experimenting with milk cartons and others like Tetropack:

the result is essentially ash and foil, it does not burn, the only question is where to put it and how to separate it, foil from ash... conclusion, using this technology it is possible to make equipment for annealing, say, wires, small-section electrical wires, while the insulation becomes plastic into carbon, and copper and aluminum and other metals can be turned into non-ferrous metal... that is, there is the use of pyrolysis technology not only in the recycling of tires but also in the processing of waste from the automobile industry, etc... It is possible to recycle cable and plastics, but for plastics here more complicated and this is a separate topic.
According to MPC, maximum permissible emissions, everything is normal.

I'll add a little:
So, a tire processing plant with a capacity of 12-14 tons of processing per day was designed and built, the productivity was taken at the rate of loading 400-450 kg of rubber (cut tires) per retort cube (retort 3.8 cubes, process - 12 hours), in fact, with In some modes, the installation results in higher performance than stated.
Well, maintenance. The installation is serviced by an operator and an assistant per shift, cutting tires and preparing retorts is the work of a team during the day shift; of course, a fleet of retorts is required. This distribution of labor gives good economics and work efficiency.
Well, a few more photos during the construction of this plant:

Well, a video of the installation in action in the photo above:

A rather small installation... but cost-effective... it can handle up to 5 tons per day and even more if the tires are cut and laid, possibly more, cost from 3 million rubles:

installation video of what is in the photo above:

Well, we tested a horizontal oven, small volume (1.5-2 cubic meters), but it copes in 4 hours, cost from 960,000 rubles:

Well, and a berry for the cake - the operation of lawn mowers using gasoline from tires and the operation of a diesel generator using pyrolysis fuel from tires:

Tel: +7-911-281-95-62 - main mobile phone.

Suslov Mikhail Borisovich. Ecosintez LLC
Email mail: [email protected]
Website: http://suslovm.ucoz.ru/

Pyrolysis of tires, tires, plastics and other waste allows the disposal and processing of toxic waste into fuel, carbon and steel cord. The pyrolysis plant is simple and effective. Investments in pyrolysis equipment pay off in less than a year; when purchasing equipment on lease, the payback period is reduced to several months. The pyrolysis plant does not require numerous personnel. To service a horizontal pyrolysis installation, 3-4 people are required at the time of loading (3 - 5 hours depending on the volume) and a person on duty during operation. The service life of a pyrolysis reactor made of heat-resistant steel with a thickness of 16 -18 mm is about 7-8 years. The reactor can be supplied from heat-resistant stainless steel. After 7-8 years of operation, the reactor is replaced with a new one. The remaining installation components do not require replacement. The installation uses automation Siemens.

It is possible to lease equipment for 2 - 5 years, down payment 10 -15%, increase in price 5 -12% per year, currency - rubles.

Pyrolysis of waste. Depending on the temperatures and materials, low-temperature pyrolysis and high-temperature waste pyrolysis plants are used.

Low-temperature pyrolysis is the process of waste decomposition without air access at temperatures of 300-600 ° C. This method is characterized by the maximum yield of liquid products. During the pyrolysis process we obtain fuel and other valuable waste. Our installations use a catalytic pyrolysis process to increase the efficiency and speed of the process. In the installations at the output we receive heavy and light fuel fractions, non-condensable fractions - gas is used to heat the pyrolysis furnace, therefore only initial heating is necessary for the pyrolysis furnace to operate. After the pyrolysis process begins, the released gas is used for heating. If you purchase 2 units and they work together, the excess gas in one pyrolysis unit is used to start the pyrolysis process in the second unit. There is no need for any additional type of fuel at all. The pyrolysis plant is equipped with a 4-stage gas purification system.

High-temperature pyrolysis occurs at temperatures of about 1000-1400 degrees and is characterized by maximum gas yield. High-temperature pyrolysis is one of the best ways to process municipal solid waste, solid waste, both in terms of environmental safety and the production of synthesis gas, slag, metals and other materials that can be widely used in the national economy. High-temperature gasification makes it possible to technically simply process municipal solid waste without its preliminary preparation, sorting, drying, etc.

Waste Equipment - Advantages of Pyrolysis:

• Pyrolysis equipment is the optimal solution for waste processing. Pyrolysis is little sensitive to the type of raw material and is capable of processing unsorted municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, oil residues, paper pulp, mixed plastics and shredded car residues, rubber and tires, wood waste, hospital waste, etc. The plant's automation adapts to changes in the composition of the waste .
• There is no combustion waste, the pyrolysis plant has excellent emissions of harmful substances such as dioxins, the level of which is lower than those established by the relevant legislation.
• The installation does not produce wastewater.
• No highly qualified personnel are required, the installation operates automatically.
• There is a large reduction in the volume of waste for disposal.
• Harmless production residues can be used in the future, in the production of tires, road construction, etc.
• The pyrolysis plant is easy to operate and maintain, and also the fact that the pyrolysis plant provides itself with the energy necessary for operation (required only for start-up), while the excess generated steam and/or electricity is supplied to an external consumer.

Pyrolysis machines are available in 2 versions: vertical and horizontal. From us you can purchase horizontal pyrolysis machines for processing waste tires, etc. and vertical machines for processing waste oil and petroleum products.

Advantages horizontal pyrolysis plants:

• The material is mixed in the reactor, which accelerates the pyrolysis process.
• No crane beams are needed to unload retorts.
• The workshop may have a smaller height.
• Large dimensions of the installation's loading doors.
• Possibility of automating loading; the loading device can have a diameter equal to the machine door.
• Fully automatic carbon unloading, a device for unloading steel cord, a small number of maintenance personnel (3-4 people), especially high savings are obtained with high installation productivity or the purchase of 2 or more units.

Pyrolysis of rubber and tires.

Rubber pyrolysis and recycling of car tires is the most popular area where horizontal pyrolysis plants are widely used. The large reactor volume from 12 m3 to 50 m3, large loading doors from 2.2 to 2.8 meters in diameter, automatic unloading of the installation, and a small number of maintenance personnel make horizontal installations the most profitable to use for these purposes.

Pyrolysis of plastic.

• Plastic pyrolysis is another popular area for using pyrolysis machines. What is especially important is that plastic decomposes in a pyrolysis machine without the formation of dioxins. In this case, the yield of pyrolysis fuel is about 65% of the weight of the plastic. When supplied with a dechlorination unit, it is possible to process plastics with PVC impurities.

• Pyrolysis of waste

• In pyrolysis plants it is also possible to process cable residues, leather (pre-treatment equipment is supplied),

• Pyrolysis of waste oil and petroleum products

• It is possible to process waste oil in horizontal pyrolysis units 10 -15% of the unit load volume, in distillation units or in oil regeneration units.
• We offer 2 types of oil processing plants.

A series of distillation plants that allow you to process 5 to 50 tons of oil per day into standard summer diesel fuel and AI 92 gasoline.

Installations for regeneration of oil properties with a capacity from 62 to 2000 liters per hour. These installations make it possible to obtain oil with properties close to the original oil.

• As a result of pyrolysis, the following products are obtained:

The working process:

Raw materials are loaded into the loading inlet, and depending on the volumes and material, a loading conveyor can be supplied. Then, the reactor of the pyrolysis machine is heated with a gas or diesel burner, at the customer’s choice. When the temperature reaches up to 350 ° C to 400 ° C, the pyrolysis reaction begins in the reactor. Light and heavy components will be separated from the resulting oil gas. The light component is cooled in the condenser and accumulated in the fuel tank; flammable gases also remain in the system, which cannot be liquefied; they are returned to the heating system for combustion. The pyrolysis machine is equipped with a gas purification system in the heat supply system of the machine. We can offer you the following size range of Pyrolysis machines with different capacities:

Prices and characteristics of pyrolysis plants with a capacity from 4 to 20 tons

№	Name	Power kW.	Volume reactor m3/hour	Volume downloads tons	Volume per day tons	Quantity downloads in a day
1	-2200-6000	11	22	5 - 6	8 - 10	3 in 2 days	87000	102000	115000	128000	149000
2	-2200-6000	11	22	5 -6	8 - 10	3 in 2 days	99000	115000	128000	140000	161000
3	-2200-6600	11	25	7	10 -11	3 in 2 days	89000	104000	117000	130000	151000
4	-2200-6600	11	25	7	10 -11	3 in 2 days	101000	117000	130000	142000	163000
5	-2600-6000	16	32	8 -10	8 -10	1 per day	98000	115000	128000	141000	163000
6	-2600-6000	16	35	8 - 10	8 -10	1 per day	110000	127000	140000	153000	175000
7	-2800-6000	17	37	10 -11	10 -11	1 per day	111000	129000	143000	158000	182000
8	-2800-6000	22	37	10 - 11	10 -11	1 per day	124000	142000	156000	171000	195000
9	-2800-6600	22	40	12 - 13	12 - 13	1 per day	128000	149000	164000	180000	209000
10	-2800-6600	22	40	12 -13	12 - 13	1 per day	137000	180000	177000	193000	221000
11	-2800-7500	22	46	15 - 16	15 - 16	1 per day	143000	168000	184000	203000	229000
12	-2800-7500	22	46	15 - 16	12 - 13	1 per day	158000	184000	199000	219000	245000

* - Heating of the reactor of the installation with gas, coal or wood.

** - Heating of the reactor of the installation with multi-fuel burners operating on diesel fuel, pyrolysis oil, fuel oil.

*** Heating of the reactor of the installation with multi-fuel burners operating on diesel fuel, pyrolysis oil, fuel oil. Plus automated loading of the installation reactor

**** Fully automatic material loading and unloading system

***** - price of a pyrolysis installation with a cooling system adapted to cold climates, without an outdoor pool and a cooling system that allows the use of heat generated by the installation for heating the workshop. Supply ventilation system. Heating of the installation with multi-fuel burners operating on diesel fuel, pyrolysis oil, fuel oil.

Standard operating cycle of a pyrolysis machine.

№	Machine operation hour.	Cooling down hour	Unloading hour.	Duty cycle hour.
1	LN-2200-5100	1,5-2	6-7	2	1,5-2	12
2	LN-2200-5100	1,5-2	6-7	2	1,5-2	12
3	LN-2200-5100	1,5-2	6-7	2	1,5-2	12
4	LN-2200-5100	1,5-2	6-7	2	1,5-2	12
5	LN-2200-6000	2	7	2	2	13
6	LN-2200-6600	2	8	2	2	14
7	LN-2600-6000	2-3	10	2 - 3	2-3	19
8	LN-2800-6000	3	12	4	3	22
9	LN-2800-6600	3	12	4	3	22
10	LN-2800-7500	4	12	4	4	24

We provide a 1-year warranty on the machine, and a 14 mm thick stainless steel reactor. 3 years, other parts of the machine do not need to be changed throughout its entire operating period, with the exception of wearable components and parts.

The composition of the pyrolysis machine includes

1. Reactor heating system
2. Thermally insulated pyrolysis machine body
3. The pyrolysis reactor is made of stainless steel 14 mm thick.
4. Machine control panel.
5. Catalytic column
6. Container for the heavy fraction of pyrolysis oil
7. Pyrolysis gas cooling system
8. Container for the light fraction of pyrolysis oil
9. Water seal
10. Water cooling system. It is possible to use the heat generated during the pyrolysis process to heat the air in the workshop in winter
11. Built-in fan and valve system.
12. Chimney
13. Smoke exhaust fan
14. Exhaust gas purification system
15. Gas burner
16. Speed ​​reducer
17. Automatic soot removal conveyor
18. Service platforms
19. Roller for unloading steel (cord)

It is difficult to imagine the modern world without cars. Their number is constantly growing, and at the same time the number of car tires that have become unusable is also increasing. Their disposal is problematic, since they are highly flammable and do not naturally decompose. Currently, only 20% of old tires are recycled. Therefore, this type of activity is very relevant, especially for large cities, so it is a good and modern business idea.

Why recycle old tires? In addition to the disposal of environmentally hazardous human waste products, this issue is relevant in the field of oil production. It is no secret that natural oil reserves are irreplaceable. And from 1 ton of tires, where the net weight of rubber is about 700 kg, you can produce 400 kg of finished raw materials. When processed, about 30-40% of the raw materials yield pyrolysis oil, used in boiler houses. By processing pyrolysis oil, we obtain high-quality fuel oil, diesel fuel, and gasoline.

A significant advantage of this business is that there are no expenses required to purchase raw materials. And in some cities, authorities also finance the recycling of car tires.

To organize this activity, it is necessary to find a suitable territory located at a sufficient distance from the residential sector (at least 300 m). On the territory it will be necessary to equip a warehouse for raw materials, a site for the preparation and processing of raw materials, and a warehouse for finished products.

Equipment will need to be purchased: a tire shredding unit (hydraulic shears), a reactor - pyrolysis unit, and tanks for the resulting products. The reactor is installed in an open area. It is possible to recycle about 5 tons of tires per day. During processing, gas is released on which the reactor operates. To work on it, two workers who have received special training will be required.

The cost of this installation varies depending on technical characteristics and varies from 1 to 10 million rubles. More expensive installations not only make it possible to obtain pyrolysis oil from recycled tires, but also process it further into diesel or gasoline distillate. The installations also differ in their processing capacity - 5-20 tons per day.

The average cost of opening this business is about 5 million rubles: purchase of a pyrolysis unit, hydraulic shears, 2 tanks per 10 thousand liters, other tools and materials, delivery and installation of equipment, and other associated costs.

When the equipment is fully loaded, the output is 60 tons of pyrolysis oil per month. The price on the wholesale market is 9.5 thousand rubles. per ton. With this volume, monthly revenue will be 570 thousand rubles. Business profitability – 50%. Provided the equipment is loaded to full capacity, the initial investment will pay off in 16 months.

For a very long time, the governments of many developed countries have been putting the environmental situation in modern cities on the agenda. Every year, hundreds of thousands of waste polymers are thrown into landfills, thereby polluting the environment. But many organic matter, in particular, car tires that have become unusable can be reused. By purchasing new or used equipment for processing rubber tires, everyone has the opportunity to build not only a profitable, but also extremely useful business. It is a mistake to believe that every processing enterprise is something large-scale and requires large investments. Not at all - having a clear plan, you can meet a minimum of funds, while organizing an effective workshop that generates a stable income.

Our business assessment:

Starting investments – from 6,000,000 rubles.

Market saturation is low.

The difficulty of starting a business is 7/10.

Opening a mini plant for processing car tires in Russia is not very difficult; the main thing is to know which way to approach the implementation of the planned project. As in any other market segment, there are nuances here that are extremely important to pay attention to. And the initial task of anyone who has seriously decided to organize their own business is to draw up a business plan for processing car tires, which would reflect the important stages of launching a production enterprise.

We can distinguish 2 areas of business - processing raw materials into crumbs and into liquid fuel. Each of these options is good and profitable in its own way. The only difference here is the size of the starting investment and the technological process.

Why is recycling old tires profitable?

Tire recycling as a business has become so interesting to investors and entrepreneurs not even because of the usefulness of the idea itself, but because of the positive aspects that can be noted when talking about this direction.

Why is it profitable to recycle used tires?

• Available raw materials. Material for further processing will be supplied to the workshop either at a very low price or completely free of charge.
• Simplicity of technology. Despite the fact that obtaining fuel from tires, from the point of view of physical and chemical processes, is a rather complex process, modern equipment makes technological scheme extremely simple.
• Huge market. With established sales channels, finished processed products will be immediately shipped to customers.
• Environmental friendliness. It would seem that recycling old car tires should be a very dirty process, but no - in the end, only the final product and some associated components that are not hazardous to human health are obtained. The only harmful factor is increased level noise.
• Opportunity to receive preferential business conditions. The state today encourages innovators in every possible way and provides businessmen with subsidies and loans with “pleasant” interest rates.

But recycling of used tires is characterized by more than just positive aspects– there are also negative ones. For example, it will be very difficult to find regular wholesale customers. Therefore, in order to avoid equipment downtime, you should launch an advertising campaign at the business planning stage and begin producing products immediately “for a ready buyer.”

The business idea for recycling used tires is very promising, and all the difficulties that arise when preparing to launch a workshop are completely solvable.

Recycling tires into crumbs: what is needed for this?

Having decided to choose this line of business, the entrepreneur must solve the primary problem - buy equipment for processing tires into crumbs. There are a lot of machines on the market that can perform the task - grind tires into powder and crumbs of various sizes.

This business development scenario is especially good due to its simple technology and huge market.

Production line for processing tires into crumb rubber

Each line operates using a specific technology:

• Removing the seat ring and metal from the tire.
• Cutting tires into strips of a certain width.
• Removing the second seat ring.
• Cutting the tape into blanks.
• Grinding of tapes to obtain crumbs or powder.
• Cleaning up the crumbs.
• Removing textile cord.
• Warehousing of the finished product.

There is another way to grind worn tires - cryogenic technology. It consists of freezing the raw material and further crushing it. And despite the extremely high efficiency of the method, it is not used in our country, since the equipment for carrying out the process is prohibitively expensive - about 30,000,000 rubles.

The equipment presented on the market differs from each other in many respects - configuration, power, degree of automation. But the “average” line for processing tires into crumb rubber consists of the following list of machines and devices:

• Seal ring cutter.
• Seat ring squeezer.
• Tire cutter into strips and blanks.
• Abrasion machine.
• Vibrating sieve.
• Seperators.
• Transporters.

It will be quite problematic to independently assemble such a line from separate machines; it is much more practical to buy a ready-made one. But here the priority for a novice entrepreneur will be the issue of cost, since the price of equipment for processing tires into crumbs is quite high. Even the simplest device with minimal power (up to 100 kg/h) will cost an entrepreneur no less than 1,500,000 rubles. And the cost of more productive (up to 1000 kg/h) lines is much higher - 3000000-10000000 rubles. The following brands of equipment are popular among entrepreneurs: ATR 500, RDK 500, EcoStep 500, Eldan lines.

To equip a “young” workshop, it is hardly worth buying an expensive, high-performance tire processing machine. To start a business, an average power (200-500 kg/h) will be quite sufficient - this way, the equipment will not be idle in the absence of raw materials or customers.

When organizing a tire recycling enterprise, many entrepreneurs are faced with the problem of finding premises. The fact is that the line, despite the absence of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, is very noisy. And therefore, the supervisory authorities have quite strict requirements for the location of the enterprise - away from residential areas.

Recycling tires into liquid fuel: what is needed for this?

The entire technology based on pyrolysis is carried out automatically, and the process is divided into the following stages:

• Sorting of raw materials received into the workshop.
• "Cutting" tires.
• The crushed raw materials decompose in a reactor under the influence of high temperatures.

After all the technological stages, the output is several semi-finished products - gas, steel cord, liquid fuel.

Each product obtained during the processing process finds its own application. The gas is reused during subsequent cycles, thereby saving on fuel. And steel cord and diesel are sent for storage with subsequent shipment to customers.

Processing by pyrolysis is carried out using special lines, the standard equipment of which is as follows:

• food storage containers,
• pyrolysis unit,
• conveyors,
• separators for cleaning steel cord.

Pyrolysis line for processing tires and rubber goods

And the most expensive equipment of all is the pyrolysis plant. This is what the entrepreneur pays for when he equips a workshop for converting tires into diesel fuel.

The price of a line for processing car tires to produce diesel oil, depending on productivity, may be different. On average, to purchase a high-quality line with a capacity of up to 5 tons per day and its commissioning, a minimum of 5,000,000 rubles will be required.

There are few ways to save on equipping a workshop - either get equipment from China or buy used machines.

A powerful pyrolysis plant for tire recycling can operate in continuous mode, showing the following output for final products:

• For fuel – 2 t/day.
• For steel cord – 0.5 t/day.
• For gas – 1 t/day.

If the line is fully loaded, the exit liquid fuel will be 40% of the mass of the original rubber raw material.

Considering that the standard line is quite large in size, some difficulties may arise when choosing a suitable room.

Where to get raw materials?

Tire processing technology allows the use of raw materials of any degree of wear. But these tires still need to be obtained somewhere. And in the absence of well-established supply channels, a beginner in this business may encounter certain problems.

What are the possible options here?

• Buying tires from auto repair shops, services, and private owners.
• Collecting tires from landfills.
• Organization of collection points for waste tires from the population.
• Removal of used tires from the territory of enterprises.

It turns out that the processing of used rubber tires can be carried out both from free raw materials and from purchased ones. Moreover, there is much more free material - hundreds of kilograms of raw materials can be collected daily from the city landfill alone. But this is not enough for the uninterrupted operation of the equipment, so buying tires for recycling also has a place. The raw materials are inexpensive - many companies, realizing that a certain type of enterprise is today interested in worn-out tires, began to ask for a certain amount for them, albeit purely symbolic. And accepting used tires for recycling for a small compensation from the private population will not only stock up on raw materials, but also attract the attention of city residents to the environmental situation.

Problems of marketing crumb rubber and liquid fuel

As in any other line of business, it is important to establish distribution channels as quickly as possible. And the priority, of course, is wholesale customers.

In fact, there are a lot of consumers of the resulting products. Crumb rubber is actively used in many industrial sectors - construction, automotive and even textiles. And the resulting fuel oil will be taken to production workshops, where recycled technical oil can be used as fuel.

And if you have already found reliable sales channels, know who benefits from selling the resulting products, and have established your own stable enterprise, share your experience of processing tires into crumbs with newcomers who plan to develop in the same direction.

How much can a business earn?

Practice has already shown that mechanical and pyrolysis processing of tires and rubber goods, when done correctly, brings a stable profit.

When calculating expected income, you need to estimate how much initial investment will be required. To organize a “medium” workshop, it is imperative to provide for:

• purchase of equipment and its commissioning,
• preparing the premises for production,
• preparation of the raw material base,
• hiring.

The monetary minimum that you need to focus on when opening a workshop is 6,000,000 rubles.

The price of a mini plant will pay off the faster the sooner reliable sales channels are found. To calculate profits, the following figures are taken: the wholesale price for crumbs is from 15,000 rubles/t, the wholesale price of processed diesel is from 6,000 rubles/t.

When purchasing new car tires, drivers are often faced with the question: what to do with a “corroded” tire that is not suitable for further use. IN modern world, where the number of cars is steadily growing, recycling tires has a huge environmental and economic importance for all developed countries of the world, including Russia. The recycling problem is primarily due to the fact that used tires do not decompose and, as a result, are a source of long-term environmental pollution. Secondly, rubber is flammable and does not biodegrade. Thirdly, a huge number of rubber tires provide a convenient habitat for numerous rodents and insects, many of which are a source of dangerous infectious diseases. To avoid or prevent this, one option is to build a plant for recycling and processing tires into crumbs, from which new material can be made.

This article raises the question - what to do with used tires? To do this, it is necessary to compare tire recycling in Russia with other developed countries of the world, analyze the processing of tires into crumbs and fuel, and also analyze the possibilities of using new materials obtained from waste tires.

To solve these problems, you must first understand the following concepts:

Recycling implies the action of the verb “recycle”, use, application of something. Waste disposal.

Processing is a production process to which raw materials are subjected.

The rapid growth of the vehicle fleet observed in Russia over the past decade has become a natural reason for the aggravation of the problem of recycling used tires. If in most of the most developed countries of Europe and in the United States they have been familiar with this problem since the 70s of the last century, then in Russia it began to be fully felt only in the year 2000, when the level of motorization of the population reached quite noticeable volumes in the country. In Russia, the number of registered cars at the end of 2014 was 58.95 million units, which is 4.9% more than in 2013.

IN developed countries The recycling rate of used tires is approaching 100%. According to the European Tire Recycling Association, in 2008, about 3.3 million tons of used tires were generated in EU countries. And only 6% of the total volume of waste was sent to landfill. In Japan in the same year, as a result of operation, 96 million pieces of worn tires were generated (1056 thousand tons). The processing level for the same period was 88.5%.

If we talk about the scale of such a phenomenon as tire waste in Russia, then, it is estimated that today the volume of discarded used tires is about 1 million 850 thousand tons per year. The estimated volume of mechanical recycling of tires in Russia does not exceed 2% of the total volume of annual tire waste, and the processing of tires into fuel using the pyrolysis method does not exceed 3%. Another 20% of worn tires are burned. The remaining volume goes to landfill. Moreover, by 2015, the volume of tire waste generated annually in Russia may reach more than 2 million tons per year.

One of the alternatives to burning car tires is the processing of used tires into crumbs or fuel ( pyrolysis). Moreover, tires contain a significant amount of “useful” components that can be reused.

Volume Russian market crumb rubber at the end of 2014 is 51.5 thousand tons, which is 28.4% more than in 2013. Thus, in 2014, crumb production increased by 15.8 thousand tons compared to 2013 (by 0.02%).

Pyrolysis plants

The processing of tires into fuel by pyrolysis, on the contrary, decreased in 2014 by 15 percent compared to 2013. This is associated with low profitability and low demand for fuel obtained by pyrolysis.

According to data for 2014, the largest volume of retail crumb production in Russia falls on: the Central Federal District - 12.8 thousand tons (64.06%); followed by the Volga Federal District - 3.2 thousand tons (17.24%); The Northwestern Federal District closes the top three - 1.9 thousand tons (10.16%).

In 2014, imports of crumb rubber increased sharply. At the end of 2014, 4.7 thousand tons of crumb rubber were imported into Russia, which is 27.2 times higher than the level of the previous year. The leader in supplies in 2014 in physical terms is Lithuania, accounting for 88.52% of imports. The volume of imports from Lithuania amounted to 4.16 thousand tons. Significantly smaller volumes of imports are occupied by China (5.87%, or 276.0 tons) and Greece (4.26%, or 200.4 tons). In 2014, imports of crumb rubber increased sharply. At the end of 2014, crumb rubber worth $1.66 million was imported into Russia, which is 11.1 times higher than the previous year.

In the Moscow region there are about 10 of the most famous enterprises producing crumb rubber. They have their own websites, warehouses and an established sales market, including their own facilities for the production of rubber tiles from crumbs. Prices for rubber tiles vary from 14 to 18 rubles per kg. Moreover, the price often depends on the fraction of crumb rubber. Packaging is carried out in bags, the size of which varies from 25 to 30 kg.

Recycling and recycling of used car tires is a necessary area of ​​activity in the environmental component of our region. Since used car tires are stored at the places of their use (in motor transport, agricultural, industrial and other enterprises), and are also transported to landfills, landfills and other unauthorized disposal sites. The name of this type of waste has a detrimental effect on environment; Taking more than 100 years to decompose, discarded tires cause irreparable harm to the environment. When tires are burned, more than 250 kg of soot and more than 400 kg of toxic gases per ton are released into the atmosphere.

By processing car tires, we obtain crumb rubber, which is used in many industries and human activities. Main uses of crumb rubber - production of safety floor coverings. Crumb rubber is also used for the production of high-quality road surfaces (asphalt), for the construction of children's and sports grounds, and for the improvement of streets and courtyards.

Crumb rubber has wide and extensive applications in various fields. Many Russian enterprises experience the need for crumb rubber and its shortage.

The following products are produced from the resulting crumb rubber:

Reclaimed rubber (40%);

Production of new tires (as a filler up to 10-15%);

Crude rubber (30%);

Production of rubber parts for cars (up to 25%);

Foaming rubber (15%);

Production of rubber hoses (up to 40%);

Carpets for sports fields and football fields (90%);

Filled seamless rubber coatings (80%);

Shoe soles (up to 70%);

Lining for railway rails and railway fittings (70%);

Plumbing gaskets (25%);

Rubber roofing (up to 40%);

Asphalt additives (15-70 tons per 1 kilometer of pavement);

ERDM granules (100%);

Rubber paving stones (100%);

Tread tape for wheel restoration (up to 45%);

Gaskets and seals for doors and windows (up to 25%);

Mooring fenders (up to 70%);

Oil well plugging (70%), etc.

Recycling of used car tires