The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is destructive to all living things. To find a compromise between useful and harmful properties Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What kind of UV radiation from the sun is there?

Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

• UVA. Long-wave radiation range
  315–400 nm

  The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV-B. Medium wave range radiation
  280–315 nm

  The rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range radiation
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these life-saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

At what UV index values ​​is there a danger?

The UV index provides an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from a safe 0 to an extreme 11+.

• 0–2 Low
• 3–5 Moderate
• 6–7 High
• 8–10 Very high
• 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points throughout the year.

What are the benefits of the sun?

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, and vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between the beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such aggressive influence. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain

How the Sun affects people

Sensitivity to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are the most sensitive to the Sun - for them, protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most influenced by the Sun?

People with fair hair
skin tone

People with many moles

Residents of mid-latitudes during a holiday in the south

Winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People having family history skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous?

It is a common misconception that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can also get sunburned in cool, cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of getting sunburned, which cannot be said about traditional places beach holiday. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow simple rules:

Spend less time in the sun during midday hours

Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreen varies in degree of sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7 %) of the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2 %, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 or higher. However, for fair-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to Apply Sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please check the cream instructions for the required volume for application.

How to Apply Sunscreen When Swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after swimming. Water washes away the protective film and, by reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when swimming, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and wiping with a towel are also reasons to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide complete protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflected from water, snow or sand can cause painful burns to the retina. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with a UV filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5 %.

Snow reflects up to 85 % of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80 % of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is reflected again by clouds.

Thus, in the mountains the Sun is most dangerous. It is necessary to protect your face, lower chin and ears even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you get sunburned

Use a damp sponge to moisten the burn.

Apply anti-burn cream to the burned areas

If your temperature rises, consult your doctor; you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (the skin swells and blisters greatly), seek medical attention

01 hours 57 minutes ago at the weather station (~ 66 km) the thermometer stopped at +1.3 °C, it was mostly cloudy, northeast calm wind (1 m/s), atmospheric pressure was 713 mmHg ., air humidity was 96%, and horizontal visibility was 4 km. Light rain or drizzle.

Thursday, March 05

Today in the afternoon the thermometer will rise to +5 °C, it will be mostly cloudy, with a chance of rain. Atmosphere pressure will be at 742 mmHg, southwest calm wind 1 m/s with gusts up to 1 m/s.

	Cloudiness	Weather patterns	Temperature, °C	Feels like, °C	Pressure, mmHg	Air humidity, %	Wind, m/s
Morning		cloudy, rain	+2	0	743	94	2 / 2
Day		cloudy, chance of rain	+5	+5	742	79	1 / 1
Evening		Mainly cloudy	+3	+2	742	91	1 / 1

Friday, March 06

On Friday night the air temperature will warm up to +2 °C, and the daytime temperature will be +9 °C, it will be mostly cloudy. Atmospheric pressure will be 737 mmHg, there will be a southeast light wind of 2 m/s with gusts of up to 4 m/s.

	Cloudiness	Weather patterns	Temperature, °C	Feels like, °C	Pressure, mmHg	Air humidity, %	Wind, m/s
Night		partly cloudy	+2	+1	741	93	1 / 1
Morning		significant cloudiness	+2	0	739	90	2 / 2
Day		Mainly cloudy	+9	+8	737	56	2 / 4
Evening		cloudy	+6	+6	738	64	1 / 2

Saturday, March 07

On Saturday night the air temperature will warm up to +6 °C, and the daytime temperature will be +7 °C, it will be mostly cloudy and heavy rain. Atmospheric pressure will be 739 mmHg, there will be an easterly light wind of 2 m/s with gusts of up to 3 m/s.

	Cloudiness	Weather patterns	Temperature, °C	Feels like, °C	Pressure, mmHg	Air humidity, %	Wind, m/s
Night		Mainly cloudy	+6	+6	738	77	1 / 1
Morning		cloudy, light rain	+6	+6	738	82	1 / 1
Day		cloudy, heavy rain	+7	+6	739	90	2 / 3
Evening		cloudy, rain	+6	+5	742	93	2 / 5

Sunday, March 08

On Sunday night the temperature will be around +5 °C, and the daytime temperature will be +9 °C, it will be mostly cloudy. Atmospheric pressure will be 745 mmHg, there will be a light north wind of 3 m/s with gusts of up to 4 m/s.

	Cloudiness	Weather patterns	Temperature, °C	Feels like, °C	Pressure, mmHg	Air humidity, %	Wind, m/s
Night		cloudy, light rain	+5	+3	744	95	2 / 3
Morning		cloudy, chance of rain	+5	+3	745	92	2 / 3
Day		Mainly cloudy	+9	+7	745	59	3 / 4
Evening		cloudy	+5	+3	747	75	2 / 3

Monday, March 09

Monday night temperatures will be around 3°C, with daytime temperatures at 8°C and mostly clear. Atmospheric pressure will be 747 mmHg, there will be a calm western wind of 1 m/s with gusts of up to 1 m/s.

	Cloudiness	Weather patterns	Temperature, °C	Feels like, °C	Pressure, mmHg	Air humidity, %	Wind, m/s
Night		significant cloudiness	+3	+2	747	85	1 / 2
Morning		partly cloudy	+2	+1	747	91	1 / 1
Day		It's clear	+8	+8	747	55	1 / 1
Evening		It's clear	+5	+5	748	73	1 / 2

Tuesday, March 10

On Tuesday night the temperature will rise to +2 °C, and the daytime temperature will be +9 °C, it will be mostly clear. Atmospheric pressure will be 751 mmHg, there will be a light westerly wind of 2 m/s with gusts of up to 2 m/s.

	Cloudiness	Weather patterns	Temperature, °C	Feels like, °C	Pressure, mmHg	Air humidity, %	Wind, m/s
Night		It's clear	+2	+1	749	80	1 / 1
Morning		It's clear	+3	+2	751	79	1 / 1
Day		It's clear	+9	+8	751	54	2 / 2
Evening		It's clear	+5	+5	751	79	0 / 1

Wednesday, March 11

On Wednesday night the air temperature will warm up to +3 °C, and the daytime temperature will be +5 °C, it will be mostly cloudy and rain. Atmospheric pressure will be 751 mmHg, there will be a southwestern calm wind of 1 m/s with gusts of up to 2 m/s.

	Cloudiness	Weather patterns	Temperature, °C	Feels like, °C	Pressure, mmHg	Air humidity, %	Wind, m/s
Night		It's clear	+3	+2	751	90	1 / 1
Morning		partly cloudy	+4	+4	751	88	1 / 1
Day		cloudy, rain	+5	+5	751	88	1 / 2
Evening		cloudy, rain	+5	+5	751	95	1 / 1

Thursday, March 12

On Thursday night the air temperature will warm up to +5 °C, and the daytime temperature will be +6 °C, it will be mostly cloudy with light rain. Atmospheric pressure will be 747 mmHg, there will be a southeast calm wind of 1 m/s with gusts of up to 2 m/s.

	Cloudiness	Weather patterns	Temperature, °C	Feels like, °C	Pressure, mmHg	Air humidity, %	Wind, m/s
Night		Mainly cloudy	+5	+5	751	94	1 / 1
Morning		cloudy	+5	+5	750	92	1 / 1
Day		cloudy, light rain	+6	+6	747	92	1 / 2
Evening		cloudy, rain	+6	+5	747	95	2 / 3

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is destructive to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What kind of UV radiation from the sun is there?

Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

• UVA. Long-wave radiation range
  315–400 nm

  The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV-B. Medium wave range radiation
  280–315 nm

  The rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range radiation
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these life-saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

At what UV index values ​​is there a danger?

The UV index provides an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from a safe 0 to an extreme 11+.

• 0–2 Low
• 3–5 Moderate
• 6–7 High
• 8–10 Very high
• 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points throughout the year.

What are the benefits of the sun?

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, and vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between the beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such aggressive influence. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain

How the Sun affects people

Sensitivity to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are the most sensitive to the Sun - for them, protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most influenced by the Sun?

People with fair hair
skin tone

People with many moles

Residents of mid-latitudes during a holiday in the south

Winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous?

It is a common misconception that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can also get sunburned in cool, cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of getting sunburned, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow simple rules:

Spend less time in the sun during midday hours

Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreens vary in their degree of sun protection and are labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7 %) of the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2 %, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 or higher. However, for fair-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to Apply Sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please check the cream instructions for the required volume for application.

How to Apply Sunscreen When Swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after swimming. Water washes away the protective film and, by reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when swimming, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and wiping with a towel are also reasons to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide complete protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflected from water, snow or sand can cause painful burns to the retina. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with a UV filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5 %.

Snow reflects up to 85 % of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80 % of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is reflected again by clouds.

Thus, in the mountains the Sun is most dangerous. It is necessary to protect your face, lower chin and ears even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you get sunburned

Use a damp sponge to moisten the burn.

Apply anti-burn cream to the burned areas

If your temperature rises, consult your doctor; you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (the skin swells and blisters greatly), seek medical attention