At the end of 2017, according to EcoStandard group, Zelenograd is the cleanest area in Moscow. The name "green city" is well known, but in addition to landscaping, the presence of industrial zones, air purity, and much more affect the environment. What does the ecology of Zelenograd depend on, and what problems does the city have?

Illustration: Valeria Pankova

What is ecology and with what it is eaten

In a broad sense, ecology is the science of the interaction of living organisms with each other and with the environment. We will consider ecology as the state of the environment of our city, which consists of air, water, mineral, bio- and energy resources. In a superficial assessment of the environment, they look at the area of ​​​​forest parks, other green areas, the presence of highways and airfields, sources of electromagnetic fields and the noise level of the city. Also take into account major sources negative impact in neighboring areas.

As we said before environment- these are five components, on the state of which the ecological situation depends. There are monitoring systems for each of them: some evaluate air pollution, others assess soils, and so on for each component. However, these systems do not have unified approaches for assessing the state of the environment: they do not have a unified set of indicators, methods for zoning territories and monitoring frequency. Because of this, the obtained values ​​are sometimes interpreted ambiguously and biased. This happens for a simple reason: ecologists interpret the results in such a way that they confirm the desired hypotheses. This approach is clearly visible in the case of global warming: proponents claim that carbon dioxide levels have increased by a quarter over the past hundred years, while their opponents say that it has risen by only one percent.

Some environmental violations can be seen even without special monitoring tools and sophisticated instruments. To assess the state of the atmosphere, you can, for example, look at the color of snow in the city. If it is white, then everything is fine, but a blue, yellow or reddish tint may indicate the presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere. The same thing works with rain, for example, black indicates the presence of heavy metals in precipitation.

It used to be better?

On this, we will finish with the theory and move on to the ecology of Zelenograd, the city of microelectronics, in which there is more than one plant. In the eighties, waste from enterprises merged into the Skhodnya River, which spoiled the Zelenograd reservoirs. During the years of perestroika, the factories stopped. When they were launched again, the waste began to be disposed of less dangerous methods. Now the waste from the production of microelectronics is taken to several landfills, including Volokolamsk and Solnechnogorsk.

The anomalous heat in 2010 and 2011 affected the landscaping of the city and its environs - the temperature reached 36 degrees. These conditions turned out to be favorable for the reproduction of bark beetles. Due to drought and pests, about 20 percent had to be cut down forest areas cities. This was necessary so that the bark beetle did not move to neighboring healthy trees. Almost eight years later, trees are still being planted to restore the city's former landscaping.

One of the problems appeared a long time ago, during the laying of the water supply system in the city. Previously, most of the water came from artesian springs in Zelenograd. Their water contains a lot of fluoride. Its excessive consumption had a detrimental effect on the condition of the teeth and kidneys of the townspeople. Fluorosis especially affects children. Rospotrebnadzor gradually solved this problem: according to statistics for 1980-2015, the incidence of fluorosis among children decreased tenfold - from 9 to 0.89 percent. The reason for this improvement is the transition from artesian water to river water - on this moment Only 3% of the water from artesian sources flows in Zelenograd's water pipelines.

Currently, the main problem of the city is garbage, especially polyethylene. Its turnover is huge all over the world. And although most of the plastic waste is taken out of the city and delivered to the burial sites, we can still observe the littering of the forest. One of the most promising ways to solve this problem is biodegradable polyethylene, bags from which you can buy in some supermarkets. However, by solving the problem of clutter with the help of such polyethylene, we create another one: the production of biodegradable bags is even more harmful to the environment than the production of conventional bags from oil. Ordinary bags can be used over and over again, while biodegradable bags will have to be produced in large quantities in order to meet the needs of people.

A radical solution to the waste problem will be a waste incineration plant, which will be built 40 kilometers from Zelenograd near the Solnechnogorsk landfill. Construction will begin in June 2018 and end in October 2020. The difference between this incineration plant is a different technical process: the garbage will be burned with plasma at a temperature of 1260 degrees, this will destroy almost all harmful combustion waste. The volatile waste will then be filtered and neutralized by grouting. From the solid residues, ferrous and non-ferrous metals will be selected for processing, and the remaining garbage will be sent to road construction. The heat obtained during combustion will go to the turbogenerator, which will produce electricity.

Who is involved in ecology in our city? The Mosecomonitoring service is responsible for identifying and resolving environmental issues and informs the public. For example, it controls household waste emissions and leaves notches on trees suitable for felling. The service receives part of the data from automatic air pollution monitoring stations. There are three of them in Zelenograd: in the 11th and 15th microdistricts and not far from Pine Alley.

MIET also does not remain aloof from environmental problems. The Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies cooperates with environmental activists, supplies specialized equipment, conducts trainings, open lessons and other events. MIET also regularly organizes organized campaigns to collect plastic caps and batteries. The collected garbage is taken for recycling or disposal.

Despite the fact that Zelenograd is already recognized as the cleanest district of Moscow, it is still taking measures to improve the state of the environment. First of all, the ecology of the city depends on us. Do not be lazy and take the garbage to the nearest trash can, hand over the batteries and covers to the collection point. Together we can make Zelenograd even cleaner and more beautiful.

Alexander Lukanov

Being at home or in the office, we have to inhale air saturated with the fumes of furniture, working equipment, plastic, etc. In order to somehow smooth out all the negative influences on the atmosphere of the room of surrounding objects, you can start houseplants with the ability to purify and improve the air. Well-chosen living plants not only delight the eye with a harmonious combination of shape and color, but also improve the composition of indoor air. All green plants, absorbing carbon dioxide, release oxygen into the surrounding space, this has been known since school days. But many of them, in addition, destroy pathogenic bacteria, purify the air from harmful gases and odors for a very short time. A unique indoor plant in this respect is chlorophytum. In just a few hours, it is able to clean the air in the kitchen from the products released during the combustion of gas. For a day, chlorophytum purifies the air in a 10-12 meter room by 80%. Monstera, ivy, asparagus, spurge, aloe, spathiphyllum are also effective in this regard.

To reduce the dryness of the air, especially in winter, and to enrich it with oxygen, sansevier will help - a real oxygen factory. In general, all houseplants with large leaves - monstera, arrowroot - moisturize the air well. Cyperus, whose homeland is Africa, evaporate a lot of water through the leaves. The pot with this plant should be placed in a pan or aquarium filled with water.

The air that we breathe while working at a computer for a long time is the air devoid of phytoncides, live aromas, negative ions. To “revive” such air will help placed next to the working equipment coniferous plants- araucaria, cryptomeria, juniper, thuja, cypress. Cereus and Croton will restore the ionic composition of the air. Familiar to all of us, geranium and violet are also able to enrich the air of the room with negatively charged ions. cacti filter different kinds radiation.

The air of our apartments contains large quantities of microorganisms, among which there are clearly pathogenic ones, such as staphylococci, pores of mold fungi. Getting on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract of a person, they can cause various serious diseases, including asthma and allergies. Microbes in the air die under the influence of phytoncides secreted by certain types of plants. Phytoncides are gaseous and easily evaporating substances. complex composition. They have a positive effect on the air environment in already very small doses. Especially generously saturate the air with these substances are plants such as myrtle, various citrus fruits, rosemary, geranium, azalea, dieffenbachia, anthurium, sansevera, begonias, tradescantia, lavender, mint, and this happens especially intensively during the day. The common laurel cleans the air very well. Volatile secretions of this plant inhibit harmful microorganisms in the air. With a long stay of such plants in the room, the bacterial background gradually levels off, approaching the minimum value.

It is no secret that our furniture emits substances that are very harmful to health - formaldehydes and phenols. Dracaena, chlorophytum, aloe, philodendron, ficus, sheffler, spathiphyllum will partially rid the air of these poisons, and asparagus can absorb salts of heavy metals. It is not necessary to have a lot of plants at home, especially if there is no time to properly care for them. It is enough to grow a few well-groomed plants that will significantly improve the condition of the air we breathe in our apartment.

Nature cannot be caught sloppy and half-dressed, she is always beautiful.

Ralph Emerson

Why is it necessary to protect nature? I think, probably, everyone has ever asked this question.

From birth, a person touches the living world and inanimate nature. In childhood, we are more attached to the wonderful world of nature: we admire the bright petals of flowers, we run with delight on the green grass. I am no exception, from early childhood I like to relax in nature: go to the forest, swim in the river. IN Lately river banks and forests are so polluted that it hurts to look.

It's all the fault of us humans.

Now there is a lot of talk about the deterioration of the environmental situation. Ecological circles and groups are organized in schools. I care about our future, the future of our generations, so I signed up for the environmental squad. At the lessons of the ecological circle, we are told about the situation in the world around us, about how easy it is to disturb the balance in nature and how difficult it is to restore it. Fortunately, nature is very intelligently arranged, it can recover itself, only slowly. Time is the only thing missing in nature unreasonable behavior person.

Mankind in pursuit of new technologies, their improvement, profit exterminated many animals, some species of which are lost forever, or only a few remain. The predator, chasing the animal, wants one thing - to eat. He won't kill more than he needs to. And there is harmony and balance in this. Man destroys everything he sees, he needs more and more. And as a result, he will destroy all living things.

We breathe like all living beings, inhaling oxygen from the air and exhaling carbon dioxide. But the oxygen content in the atmosphere largely depends on plants. It is plants that enrich the air with oxygen during photosynthesis! How long has mankind not thought about this, destroying forests, plowing up steppes, draining swamps.

It is impossible to teach everyone to take care of nature in one day. It takes time, perhaps generations. If now every person observes cleanliness, at least in his yard, in the forest where he walks, at the place of study or work, how much everything around will change!
I hope that the time will come when people will come to their senses and move on from the destruction of the earth. We must not forget that we are part of nature. And our planet is not a one-time use.

Why you need to protect nature.

The nature of our Motherland is very beautiful. Its forests, fields, groves and meadows are beautiful. Trees and shrubs grow in the forests of central Russia, some of which are listed in the Red Book. They are very useful not only for animals, but also for humans. In forests Far East, for example, sea buckthorn grows. In reference books twenty years ago, it was listed as wild. At present, it can be considered a cultivated plant, it is bred in gardens, the most useful is made from sea buckthorn medicinal oil. Sea buckthorn is bred to strengthen the soil in vegetable gardens, and for decorative purposes - golden-yellow "cobs" of its ripe fruits are very beautiful. Scientists know that this berry is rich in active substances: oil, carotene, vitamins. Is it one sea buckthorn! Nature has given us many useful plants.

Not all people take care of nature: they make fires in the forests, cut down Christmas trees for the New Year, throw garbage into rivers and lakes, waste from factories and factories often also end up in water bodies. And because of this, many fish die, sometimes very valuable species.

If people do not understand that nature needs to be protected, then not only fish will die, but also animals and birds. Plants will not be healthy. As a result, cows, sheep, goats will have nothing to eat.

There will be no dairy and meat products in shops. People will have nothing to breathe, as the environment will be spoiled. Therefore, it is very important to protect nature, to properly organize the work of factories and factories.

Protect the environment!

Why you need to protect nature.

Nature is necessary for man to live. If we do not take care of nature, then people will begin to die from various diseases and even environmental disasters.

During their lives, people heavily pollute forests, seas, rivers, lakes. Some people think that nothing bad will happen from their bag of garbage thrown into a pond. What if 100 people think so? And it turns out that at the bottom of the rivers you can find fragments of broken bottles, pieces of torn bags and other garbage unnecessary for nature. People breathe environmentally polluted air from plants and factories, drink polluted water. Do we really want to live like this?

Vice versa. We want to come for mushrooms and berries in a clean forest. Listen to birds singing. Birds are part of our nature. They add charm to forests, gardens and groves, they are the best decoration of city parks. Birds transform the landscape and make it joyful and pleasant with their singing. However, people should remember that birds, fish, and animals will not be able to live in a dirty environment. Therefore, the Red Book was created, protecting the flora and fauna of our Motherland from destruction.

It cannot be said that humanity does nothing at all to preserve the ecology on the planet. People are building treatment facilities, creating nature reserves, planting trees. It is simply necessary that there be more such people, so that each of us, according to his abilities, makes at least a small contribution to nature protection. Nature is the most important wealth given to mankind.

Let's take care of her!

In an ultramodern city in an ultramodern country lived ultramodern people. They lived in multifunctional, ultra-modern houses, where the lights turned on at the click of a button, and the appliances started with one word.

Along with people, robots walked and drove along the streets of the city. The same ultra-modern and heaped up, like everything around. All plants in this city were artificial, created according to the most complex schemes. Animals - were the result of the work of designers.

But there was one trouble that the scientists of the ultra-modern city could not solve in any way. Life in the human biological body did not last very long. Ultramodern drugs did not help. It was not possible to invent a universal fuel for human body. People could not be "refueled". Moreover, they had to buy oxygen and water, which affected the budget of an ultramodern state.

For some reason, modern man strives for such a fictional life. He forgot that HE is a biological being, a living being, a part of NATURE. And only a living environment can provide him with a long painless life. NATURE.

Man is often called the creator, the crown of nature. What kind of creator is he? He can only create thanks to nature. From what nature gives him. What kind of crown is he? Weak, small, sick... He is unable to protect himself from natural disasters or deadly disease. He knows the history of the emergence of states and countries, the emergence of terrible infections; knows why it is necessary to study viruses, how to preserve external youth. He knows a lot of things ... But he does not begin to live longer.

Why is it necessary to protect nature?

Air

Clean, fresh. For a man, he is better than expensive perfume fragrance. Every cell in the human body needs oxygen. Without a breath of air, a person dies.

People living in huge industrial centers are more likely to experience fatal diseases, age faster, and more often give birth to genetic freaks. After all, they breathe smog, smoke from factory chimneys, exhaust fumes from millions of cars.

Clean air requires green forests. And a person forgets about this, thoughtlessly harvesting wood for his needs.

Fresh air must be protected from factories and plants. And the entrepreneur does not want to spend money on expensive treatment equipment.

The air cannot remain clean in the presence of a large amount of exhaust gases. And motorists buy low-quality cheap fuel, save on the repair of their cars. Moreover, there are no restrictions on the quantity of equipment, no requirements for its quality.

Water

Man needs pure water on par with clean air. And where can I get it?

If enterprises dump their waste into natural water bodies.

If a person drains swamps and lakes for his own purposes.

If, due to human activity, the ozone holes are so large that the climate has changed. Springs, streams, rivers dry up on their own.

If thoughtless spending groundwater leads to the disappearance of these sources of drinking fluid.

Food

Healthy food is already very expensive. But consumer use natural resources, soil will soon make natural food inaccessible.

We will eat GMOs and synthetic products. Health from them does not increase.

We are like those fools on a ship on the high seas who themselves poisoned all the food, threw all the water overboard, and then made a hole in the hold of their ship.

Thinking about tomorrow

Why is it necessary to protect nature? The stories are known and mass extinctions, And global warming, and ice ages, and volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. But all this obeyed the natural natural processes. Therefore, the Earth survived and survived.

A person spends the blessings granted to him unreasonably, thoughtlessly. It looks like he forgot about it altogether. tomorrow. After the evil brought by a human being, nature cannot recover on its own.

Yes, the wind carries the seeds of plants, the birds help him. And soon a forest will grow in a new place. But it takes time. But Nature does not have this time. Man too quickly cuts down forests and cultivates soils, uprooting "extra" trees. Therefore, to grow a new forest is already his task, the Man.

Keep the air clean.

Since a person drives cars and builds factories and plants.

And after all, much is not required of a Human. You don't even have to give up the blessings of civilization. You just need to THINK about the future.

Agree, you don’t really want to walk when it’s cloudy outside. Everyone knows that thanks to the sun we get vitamin D, but few people know that this happens even when the sun is not visible behind the clouds. We have collected as many as 6 benefits of walking on fresh air that literally push for a walk!

First, let's understand what happens when you are indoors for a long time. Firstly, you breathe the same air, in which the amount of oxygen decreases. Breathing in this stale air does not provide your body with enough oxygen. This can lead to physical and psychological health problems such as dizziness, nausea, headaches, fatigue and exhaustion, irritability, anxiety, depression, colds and lung disease. Not a particularly attractive set, right?

Fresh air is good for digestion

Probably, you have often heard that after eating it is good to go for a light walk. Not only movement, but also oxygen helps the body to better digest food. This benefit of fresh air is really important if you are trying to lose weight or improve your digestion.

Improves blood pressure and heart rate

If you have problems with blood pressure, you should avoid a polluted environment and try to stay in a place with clean and fresh air. A dirty environment forces the body to work harder to get the oxygen it needs, so blood pressure can rise. Of course, it is difficult for residents of megacities to find clean air, but try to get out into nature at least once or twice a week.

Fresh air makes you happier

The amount of serotonin (or joy hormone) depends on the amount of oxygen you breathe in. Serotonin can significantly improve your mood and promote feelings of happiness and well-being. Fresh air helps you feel more relaxed. This is especially important for those who are used to raising their spirits with sweets. The next time you feel down, just go for a walk in a park or woods and see how it affects you.

Strengthens the immune system

This is especially important in the spring, when immunity is significantly reduced. Mud, dullness, rain are not particularly attractive for a walk, so at this time of the year we go out for a walk less often. However, the white blood cells that fight bacteria and germs need enough oxygen to do their job properly. Therefore, make it a habit to go out for at least a half-hour walk to help your immunity strengthen.

Clears the lungs

When you breathe in and out through your lungs, you release toxins from your body along with the air. Of course, it's important to breathe really fresh air so you don't absorb additional toxins. Therefore, we again advise you to go to nature as often as possible in order to restore lung function.

Increasing the amount of energy

Fresh air helps you think better and boosts your energy levels. The human brain needs 20% of the body's oxygen, can you imagine? More oxygen brings greater clarity to the brain, improves concentration, helps you think more clearly, and has a positive effect on energy levels.

And now we give specific advice on how to absorb more fresh air, and some of them can be done without leaving the city.

Try running outdoors. Find a wooded area or a park with lots of trees in your city and go for a run there. The combination of cardio and oxygen has a good effect on the respiratory organs and increases the endurance of the body.

Go hiking in the woods once a week or two. In addition to providing your body with oxygen, it can also become an enjoyable pastime and even a family tradition. And it is always good to combine business with pleasure!

Keep at home and at work a large number of plants to improve air quality. Plants produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide (remember school curriculum?), and some of them can even remove toxic pollutants in the air.

Do physical exercises every day. If possible, do it outside. Sports help to start blood circulation more powerfully and supply the body with oxygen.

Ventilate the bedroom before going to bed and, if possible, sleep with the window open. But this item should be performed only for those who do not live in the center of the metropolis.

Ekaterina Romanova

The idea of ​​improving the planet's ecosystem with the help of vertical gardens and gardens on the roofs of houses has long been embodied in many cities around the world.

But you can add even more greenery to the streets of our cities with green roofs in public transport.

A phyto-kinetic project for greening the roofs of buses was proposed by biologist Marc Grañén from Spain. This project is reported by the environmental news site urbangardensweb.com

Photo by Marc Granen

Marc Grañén calls himself a landscape painter. His concept of clean air in cities - the free roofs of buses should be bright from flowering vegetation and saturate the air with oxygen, and not just exhaust gases.

Two years ago, a similar project was already proposed by NYU graduate student Marco Antonio Castro Cosio’s. But Marc Grañén is more successful than his predecessor.

The idea of ​​the Spanish biologist Marc Grañén received the approval and support of leading scientists and engineers in the field of environmental projects.

Mark's Phyto-Kinetic Project is more practical, his way of planting rooftop gardens on buses is more advanced, though it will take the test of time.

For styling rooftop gardens The Marc Grañén bus uses 7 cm thick hydroponic foam, which is much lighter than soil. This significantly reduces the load on the roof of the bus.

Photo by Marc Granen

The hydroponic system is supported on the roof with a perforated stainless steel grid. Waterproofing is also well thought out, it seals the roof and does not allow moisture to leak.

Photo by Marc Granen

for irrigation rooftop gardens condensate from the air conditioning systems in the bus will be used.

Usually the condensate is wasted, and in the case of a green roof, the water will water the plants. The hotter the weather, the more condensation will occur.

On cool days, you can drive through special car washes, where there are no top brushes and soap suds, so as not to damage the plants, or water by hand.

Green carpets on the roofs may have a unique design for different kind transport, and will also take into account climatic conditions regions and plant plants that grow in this climate.

Photo by Marc Granen

For many skeptics, Mark's project is utopian because there are too many "buts" in the implementation of this idea. And first of all, it concerns the safety of vehicles with green roof in case of emergencies and unforeseen situations.

But Mark thinks that more people support his idea, the cleaner the air in our cities will be, and green roofs will become part of urban culture.

rooftop gardens, green roofs urban transport, vertical gardens, and as a result of common efforts - a revived green planet. It sounds optimistic, perhaps it will be, but there is a long way to translate the phyto-kinetic project into everyday life.