Many children dream of becoming president. And this is natural, because the position is especially honorable and, having received it, it will be possible to become one of the most influential people in the world. What is needed in order to do this? How to become president?

It depends on what form of government and type of political culture we are talking about. For example, in parliamentary republics, the president is usually elected by the parliament. If we talk about political culture, then the classical theory of leadership types is the theory of Max Weber. He singled out the traditional, rational-legal and charismatic (special personality traits that cause a desire to follow her) types of leadership. Accordingly, what type of leader will be elected President depends on the type of political culture of the society. For example, if you think about how to become the president of Russia, most likely, you need to rely on traditional values ​​and charisma than on following the letter of the law.

How to become President of the Russian Federation According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, a citizen of Russia who has reached the age of 35 years can become President. At the same time, he must reside permanently in the country for at least 10 years.

How Putin Became President

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin was elected President Russian Federation for the first term in 2000. In 1999, he was appointed Prime Minister of the Russian Federation by Boris Yeltsin. Up to this point, 4 ministers have been replaced in this post in two years. None of them, unlike V.V. Putin was not named by the then President Yeltsin as his successor. This step former President RF became a landmark event. So Vladimir Putin got into public politics. However, his rating at that moment was not high. He rose after Boris Yeltsin retired ahead of schedule on December 31, and Putin became acting President. A broad election campaign was carried out. The internal political situation also helped Vladimir Putin become President. The acute problem then was the terrorist threat, a number of explosions of residential buildings were carried out in Volgodonsk, Moscow, Buynaksk. The number of victims reached 300 people. Public consciousness demanded a "firm hand" that would put things in order. To the second presidential term Putin came up with a high rating.

How did Medvedev become president?

The candidacy of Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev in the 2008 elections was supported by Vladimir Putin, which largely ensured his victory in the first round of the presidential election.

How to become a presidential candidate

In order to become a presidential candidate, one has to go through a series of legal procedures. So in Russia, a candidate must be nominated either by a political party or by way of self-nomination. In the second case, it is necessary to support an initiative group of at least 500 voters and collect 2 million voter signatures in support of the candidate. Next comes the period of the election campaign, where the candidates present their political programs. According to the voting results, the candidate who receives 50% of the votes + 1 vote in the first round is considered elected. If none of the candidates receives such a number of votes, a second round of voting is held, in which two candidates with the highest percentage of votes cast in the previous round participate.

How to become President of the USA

In order to become a candidate for the President of the United States, you must also meet a number of requirements. Namely: be a US citizen by birth, be over 35 years of age, and have resided in the country for at least 14 years. Elections for the President of the United States are not direct. Citizens first elect electors, and then the electoral college votes for the presidential candidate.

Paying attention to the procedural features, we note that, of course, a strong, intelligent, ambitious person can, as a rule, become president. Do not forget about the huge potential of manipulative technologies that are used in the election of the head of state.

Good day, dear readers! Today you are offered an article that is not quite usual for my site. We all know that presidential elections in Russia will be held next March. Presumably they will take place on March 18, but the exact date has not yet been officially announced. Now in the print media, on the Internet and on television, there is a very active discussion of future elections, the identity of contenders for the presidency of Russia and their real chances. So I thought that the readers of my site would also be interested in learning about how the elections are held, what requirements candidates must meet, what is needed to become the president of Russia.

Who can become the president of Russia

Every citizen of Russia can nominate his candidacy for the presidency of the country. At the request of Art. 81 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, for this it is necessary to live in Russia on a permanent basis for more than 10 years. Also, the applicant must be at least 35 years old, a well-thought-out program of action and a clear idea of ​​​​the goal to which he will lead the country. You need to be a competent, fair, honest and responsible person, because in addition to being president, he becomes the supreme commander of the Russian Armed Forces and receives a control panel for nuclear forces.

How to nominate a presidential candidate

The date of the presidential elections is set by the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation. Political parties may nominate their candidates at party congresses. A citizen who wants to independently become a presidential candidate organizes an initiative group of at least 100 people. They sign a petition for their support of the candidate, and he himself submits an application about his desire to run. Documents are submitted to the Central Election Commission. Not later than 5 days after receiving the papers, the CEC of the Russian Federation registers a group of voters, as well as its authorized representatives, hands in registration certificates or a decision to refuse.

Whoever nominated a candidate must form his own election fund, which will finance his election campaign. A competent program of action will help him first get the required number of signatures, and then votes.

Candidates can be campaigned from the date of submission to the CEC of an application for consent to run until 00:00 on the day preceding the voting.

How are signatures collected in support of a candidate?

After the Central Election Commission makes a positive decision, the citizen who nominated his candidacy must prove that he enjoys the support a large number voters. Therefore, self-nominated candidates must collect and submit to the commission the signatures of at least 300,000 citizens supporting them. It is important to remember that only 7,500 signatures can be collected in one region of Russia. Candidates from political parties must collect the signatures of 100,000 people.

The protocol on the collection of signatures, the financial report of the candidate and his written statement about the absence of bank accounts abroad must be submitted to the CEC. The commission checks the signatures, whether the documents are correctly executed and within 10 days a decision is made on the registration of the candidate.

Preparation and conduct of elections

In order to prepare and conduct the election of the President of Russia, election commissions are created: Central, regional, territorial and precinct.

Decisions of higher election commissions must be carried out by lower commissions. In the course of their work, they inform voters:

• on the procedure and terms for the implementation of electoral actions;
• about registered candidates;
• on the political parties from which candidates are nominated;
• how the election campaign is going.

Voting in the election of the President of Russia takes place at polling stations, which are formed in accordance with the requirements of the electoral legislation. At each precinct, precinct commissions draw up voter lists. Their form is established by the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation.

How the president is elected

In accordance with Article 82 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the President of Russia is elected by secret ballot of the citizens of the Russian Federation for a term of six years. You can only be president of the country for two six-year terms in a row. Elections are appointed by the Federation Council, and the decision is made not earlier than 100 days and not 90 days before they are held.

The candidate wins the election, for whom more than half of the voters cast their votes. If none of the candidates managed to gain 50% of the votes, then repeat elections are called. They will be attended by two candidates who received the majority of votes in the first round.

So we figured out what needs to be done to become the president of Russia. And how do you feel about the upcoming elections and those people who have already declared their desire to join the struggle for the main post in the country. State your opinions and questions in the comments. And now, bye!

Many citizens of the country have the right to become president of the Russian Federation - the current legislation provides for the opportunity to run for the post of head of state for almost every person. However, there are a number of restrictions and fairly strict requirements for candidates for the presidency of Russia, which a person must meet before being admitted to the popular vote. Find out who can become the President of the Russian Federation and how to do it.

Table of contents:

President from the point of view of Russian legislation

The rights, powers and duties of the President of the Russian Federation are fixed, first of all, in the provisions of Chapter 4 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The main document also sets out the main requirements for applicants for the post of President. In addition, the mechanism in accordance with which elections are held is indicated - a secret popular vote of capable citizens. However, the Constitution regulates only the most basic requirements for candidates for the President of the Russian Federation, which include:

• Candidate age. Article 81 of the Constitution provides that only a candidate who has reached the age of 35 can be elected as President. At the same time, it is necessary to reach the age of 35 by the time of registration as a candidate, and not by the time of the popular vote or taking office.
• Citizenship. Only persons who are full-fledged citizens of the Russian Federation are allowed to participate in the elections of the President of the Russian Federation.
• term of citizenship. Candidates must not only have Russian citizenship, but also have been in it for at least 10 years before voting.
• legal status. A person who has already occupied the presidency for the previous two terms of the presidency in a row cannot submit his candidacy for participation in the elections.

In more detail, the current regulations regarding the procedure for registering candidates for the President of the Russian Federation, as well as holding such elections and the requirements for candidates, in accordance with the provisions of Article 81 of the Constitution, are determined by the relevant Federal Law. Such is the Federal Law No. 19 of 10.01.2003. This law is regularly updated and supplemented with regulations in order to ensure effective protection of the national security and independence of the Russian Federation in general and the President in particular.

note

The status of the President in accordance with the law, as well as the presidential candidate, endows both with a certain spectrum additional rights and powers in comparison with other citizens and officials of the Russian Federation, as well as the corresponding restrictions. In particular, these may include a mandatory renunciation of doing business, keeping funds in accounts in foreign organizations, and so on.

Detailed requirements for a candidate for the President of the Russian Federation

The current Federal legislation carefully regulates the procedure for registering candidates for the President of Russia and the mechanisms by which the refusal to register a candidate is ensured. Thus, only persons who meet both the constitutional requirements and the provisions of the aforementioned Federal Law “On Presidential Elections” may be allowed to register as a presidential candidate. The general list of requirements according to which one can understand who cannot be a candidate for the presidential nomination is as follows:

note

All of the above restrictions apply to both self-nominated Presidents and those nominated by political parties.

The procedure for self-nomination of candidates or their nomination from political parties is different. At the same time, a political party does not have the right to nominate candidates who are members of other parties, but may propose non-partisan persons for nomination. To register as a presidential candidate, it is necessary to confirm the presence of popular support for such a candidate.

Procedure for registering a candidate for the President of Russia

In general, any person who meets the above requirements can apply for registration as a candidate for the President of the Russian Federation. However, before a person is included in the electoral lists, a number of additional actions must be taken in accordance with the strict regulations of the current legislation. The procedure for registering a candidate for the President of the Russian Federation will be as follows:

Important fact

All refusals of the Central Electoral Commission regarding the registration of candidates at any stage must be issued no more than two days from the date of submission of documents. In addition, any refusal must be motivated. Challenging such refusals is carried out exclusively in the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, and consideration of such claims is no more than five days from the date of their filing.

In general, an additional significant list of restrictions on rights applies to the registration of a candidate. In particular, it is not allowed to exceed the established federal level the maximum cost of conducting an election campaign and election campaigning by more than 5 percent. Such standards are designed to ensure equal rights for the participants in the election race, regardless of their finances.

How to become the president of Russia?

What does it take to become president of Russia? (There is a video with a detailed story at the bottom of the page)

The future president of Russia must meet the following criteria.

He should not be declared legally incompetent by a court decision.

He must not be less than 35 years old.

He must be a citizen of Russia and have lived in our country for 10 years or more.

The candidate for the presidency must not have a second citizenship or residence permit in another country.

A person who has already held this post for the second consecutive term cannot apply for the presidency of Russia.

If you have an outstanding conviction for extremism or for grave and especially grave crimes (or 10 or 15 years have not passed since the date of repayment, depending on the severity of the offense), then you will be denied registration as a presidential candidate ( it is on this point that Navalny does not pass).

In the event that a potential candidate was arrested for promoting Nazism or manufacturing extremist materials, then by the time of voting, the period of arrest must end, or you must have paid all administrative fines.

presidential candidate can not become a prisoner.

How to become the president of Russia? Step one.

The entire registration procedure is divided into two main stages.

For any applicant the next course of action is to follow.

For applicants from parliamentary parties, the nomination procedure has been simplified.

If you are not a member of a party, then you can be nominated by a group of voters. There must be at least 500 of them. They also hold a meeting and at least 5 days before it notify the CEC, which can send its representative. This decision, together with the candidate's consent to run, is submitted to the CEC no later than 20 days after the date of announcement of the election.

Among the required documents are also information about the income of the candidate and his spouse for 6 years (in the case of the 2018 elections for the period 2011-2017), expenses for three years and property ownership, even if it is registered with minor children and is located abroad.

In addition, the candidate must not have foreign bank accounts at the time of nomination. Before submitting documents, you also need to open a special electoral account.

The first stage ends with the registration of authorized representatives of the candidate. The CEC must register them within five days after the submission of documents, or refuse with a reason.

If you do not agree with the refusal, complain to the Supreme Court.

The second stage of registration of a presidential candidate. Collection of signatures.

Our candidate for registration needs to collect from 300 to 315 thousand signatures of voters in his support. At the same time, there should be no more than 7,500 signatures from each region.

Competing parties will need from 100 to 105 thousand signatures - up to 2500 thousand in each region. Parties included in State Duma(and we have 4 of them) signatures can not be collected.

The protocol on the collection of signatures, together with the financial report and a written notice of the absence of accounts in foreign banks, are submitted to the CEC. The CEC checks the signatures and execution of documents, and within 20 days makes a decision on the registration of the candidate.

How are signatures verified and why are they considered invalid?

Candidate signatures are checked randomly.

The signature lists, which are subject to verification, are determined by lot. They must be at least 20% of the total number of candidates required for registration, and their number must be the same for everyone, according to the federal law "On the Election of the President of the Russian Federation." Previously, when all candidates collected about 2 million signatures, it was true - 400,000 signatures were checked.

Signature on the signature sheet may be invalidated in the event that you incorrectly indicated your last name, first name or patronymic, and also provided the wrong address of residence. Also, the signature is considered invalid if you made it twice for the same candidate, regardless of whether on the same signature list or on different ones.

But you can put your signature for another candidate without fear that your first signature for another presidential candidate will be considered invalid.

How many will be tested in 2018 is still unknown, since the old version of the CEC resolution on the random sampling procedure is still in effect.

To verify information, the voter register and electronic system GAS "Vybory". Each signature in the sample is either valid or invalid.

If 5% or more are invalid, then another 10% of signatures are additionally verified. If even then the total share of invalid signatures is at least 5%, then the candidate is denied registration.

How much money can you spend on an election campaign and where can you get it?

400 million rubles is the maximum that, according to the law, a candidate can spend. Of these, no more than 40 million can be personal funds, 200 million - party funds,

and the maximum donation legal entities or a citizen cannot exceed 28 million and 6 million rubles, respectively.

Anonymous donations must be transferred to the federal budget within 10 days after receipt.

Contribute money to the candidate's fund can not:

foreigners, foreign organizations and Russian organizations with a share of foreign capital of more than 30 percent;

state and municipal bodies and institutions;

charitable and religious organizations;

military units and law enforcement agencies.

All money goes to a special electoral account, which the candidate opens before registration. It also pays for all campaign costs.

Conducting election campaigning and propaganda

Campaigning can start right from the moment of nomination, but your appeals can appear on television, radio and in print only 28 days before the vote.

Free time should be given to candidates equally and during prime time. In addition, up to a third of the total airtime is provided to parties whose candidates won more than 2% of the vote in the previous presidential elections.

Campaigning stops at midnight the day before voting day, when the day of silence comes.

Restrictions on campaigning in elections

Have no right to campaign for candidates:

federal, regional and municipal authorities and employees, with the exception of candidates;

military units and organizations;

charitable and religious organizations, as well as members and participants of religious organizations when performing rituals and ceremonies;

Foreigners, international organizations and social movements;

media representatives in the course of their professional activities;

Violation of the rules of campaigning threatens with a fine: up to 1.5 thousand rubles for a private person, up to 3 thousand - for an official and up to 30 thousand rubles - for a legal entity.

Who is recognized as the winner in the presidential elections in Russia?

The winner is the candidate for whom more than half of the voters who came to the polling stations gave their votes.

The winner of the election takes office six years after the previous president, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, took office, that is, not earlier than May 7, 2018.

The term of office of the president elected in 2018 will expire in 6 years, that is, in 2024.

On this moment there are the following presidential candidates, some of which have not yet publicly expressed their desire to participate in the elections.

What you need to run for president of Russia - video

That he will participate in the presidential elections in 2018 in the order of self-nomination. In this capacity, Vladimir Putin ran for the highest state post in 2004 (he won the election with 71.31% of the vote). In 2000, he participated in the elections from a group of voters (52.94%), in 2012 - as a candidate from the party " United Russia" (63,60%).

Self-nominated - a candidate who participates in elections independently, without the support of a political party. The rule on self-nomination in presidential elections has been applied in the Russian electoral legislation since 2003. Previously, applicants who wished to independently run for the highest state post were nominated by initiative groups of citizens.

Most of the self-nominated candidates were registered in the elections in 2004: in addition to Vladimir Putin, the head of the Motherland faction in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, Sergei Glazyev (4.10%; third place) and the co-chairman of the Union of Right Forces party in 2000- 2003 Irina Khakamada (3.84%; fourth place out of six candidates). In 2008, only one self-nominated candidate participated in the elections - the leader of the Democratic Party of Russia Andrei Bogdanov (1.30%; the last place out of four), in 2012 - an entrepreneur, the president of Onexim Group Mikhail Prokhorov (7.98%; the third place out of four). five candidates).

Conditions for self-nomination of candidates

For registration, self-nominated individuals must organize an initiative group of citizens in their support of at least 500 people. All its members must have active suffrage (i.e., have the right to vote) and not be members of other similar associations. The initiative group must hold a meeting in support of the candidate, notifying the Central Election Commission (CEC) of the Russian Federation or the election commission of the subject of the Russian Federation (at least five days before the meeting).

Within 20 days from the date of calling the elections, an independent candidate must personally apply to the Central Election Commission with a request to register his initiative group. To the application, he must attach a statement of consent to run for president, information about the presence or absence of a previous conviction, copies of the passport, documents on education and place of work.

In addition, information about the income of the candidate and his spouse for the previous six years, about their property, bank deposits, securities and property obligations is transmitted to the CEC. If a candidate (his spouse or minor children) has foreign real estate, he must also submit to the Central Election Commission information about this property and information about the sources of funds for its acquisition. If, in the past three years, the applicant has purchased real estate, securities, or vehicles in excess of the total income of his family for three years, then he must also report each such purchase.

In addition, the candidate at the time of nomination should not have accounts and valuables in foreign banks. Before submitting documents, he is also obliged to open a special electoral account.

Within five days, the CEC of the Russian Federation decides on the registration (or refusal to register) of the initiative group in support of the self-nominated candidate. In case of a positive decision, the group gets the right to start collecting voters' signatures in support of their candidate.

Collection of signatures

Self-nominated candidates are required to submit to the Central Election Commission at least 300,000 signatures of voters in their support, with no more than 7,500 signatures per constituent entity of the Russian Federation. For comparison: candidates from political parties must collect at least 100 thousand signatures in their support - up to 2.5 thousand in each region. Applicants from parliamentary parties are exempted from collecting signatures. In the 2012 elections, self-nominated candidates had to provide the CEC with at least 2 million signatures of voters, but no more than 2.1 million (no more than 50,000 for one subject of the Federation).

The protocol on the collection of signatures, together with the financial report and a written notice of the absence of accounts in foreign banks, are submitted to the CEC. The Central Election Commission makes a decision on the registration of candidates within 10 days from the date of submission of documents by them. During this period, the authenticity of the information submitted by the candidates is verified (for this, the CEC applies to the relevant executive authorities) and signature sheets.

Registration of CEC Candidates

The Central Election Commission checks at least 20% of the submitted signatures (in 2012 - 400 thousand), while the signatures for verification are selected randomly, by lot. The percentage of marriage should not exceed 5%. The signatures of persons who do not have active voting rights, who live outside the respective constituent entity of the Russian Federation, who have indicated false information about themselves, etc., are recognized as invalid. Candidates are also denied registration if the number of signatures in support of which, after deducting the invalid ones, will be less than required by law.

Other grounds for denial of registration include bribing voters and using one's official position in campaigning. Also, the CEC does not register candidates who, in addition to their own electoral fund, used money (over 20 million rubles) from other sources.

The decision of the Central Election Commission can be appealed to Supreme Court RF. The complaint must be considered within five days.