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Nature of the Urals

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Ural
The Urals is located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia and is the border between these regions. The stone belt of the Urals and the adjacent elevated plains of the Cis-Urals stretch from the shores of the Arctic Ocean in the north to the semi-desert regions of Kazakhstan in the south: for more than 2500 km they separate the East European and West Siberian plains.

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It is customary to distinguish five regions
Southern Urals Middle Urals Northern Urals Subpolar Urals Polar Urals

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Region boundaries
The Polar Urals is located on the border of Europe and Asia, on the territory belonging to the Komi Republic and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The conditional border of the parts of the world coincides with the border of the regions and runs mainly along the main watershed of the ridge separating the Pechora (in the west) and Ob (in the east) basins. Part of the runoff of the northern slopes falls directly on the Baidaratskaya Bay of the Arctic Ocean. The prevailing heights of the ranges are 800-1200 meters with individual peaks up to 1500 meters (Mount Payer).

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Polar Ural
The Polar Urals has a very severe, sharply continental climate. Located on the border of the Siberian anticyclone and European cyclonic activity, the region is famous for its cold and at the same time exceptionally snowy winters and strong winds. Since wet cyclones usually move towards the mountains from the west, the western slopes usually receive 2-3 times more precipitation than the eastern slopes. In winter, the air temperature can drop to -55 degrees. In clear, frosty weather, temperature inversion is sometimes observed, when the air temperature on the plain is 5-10 degrees lower than in the mountains. Spring and autumn are short, summer is also short, with unstable weather. Snow in the mountains mostly disappears by the end of June, and already in early September it falls again. Several days of hot weather (up to +30) can suddenly change into a sharp cold snap, accompanied by strong winds, heavy rains and hail.

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Polar Ural
The valley of the river Sob divides the Polar Urals into two parts, different in their geological structure. To the north, the width of the mountainous region reaches 125 km, at the same time, it is more intensively dissected by transverse valleys with pass heights of 200-250 meters above sea level. The western slope is steeper than the eastern one and descends more sharply to foothill depressions. To the south, the ridge sharply narrows (up to 25-30 km), the heights of the passes reach 500 m, and individual peaks almost 1500 m (Payer - 1499 m, Lemva-Iz - 1473 m).

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Hydrography
There are many lakes in the Polar Urals, most of which are concentrated in cirque valleys or are of thermokarst origin. As a rule, such lakes have a small area and - due to the shallow occurrence of permafrost - shallow depth. Most large lakes in the northern part of the region - Big and Small Khadata-Yugan-Lor, as well as Big and Small Shchuchye. Big Shchuchye, located in a tectonic basin, has an unprecedented depth of 136 meters for the region.

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Lake Khadata-Yugan-Lor

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Bolshoe Shchuchye is a lake in the Polar Urals in the upper reaches of the Bolshaya Shchuchya River. It is the largest lake in the region in terms of area and depth.

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Since 1997, the Pike Lakes, as well as the entire territory adjacent to them, have been assigned to the territory of the Gornokhadytinsky biological reserve.

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In the polar Urals, traces of the descent of the glacier have been preserved
"Lamb foreheads"

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glacial shading

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Often there are snowfields - accumulations of snow below the snow line

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Typical landforms - karts and troughs
car

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Car with a lake

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The highest peak of the Polar Urals is Mount Payer. It is a mountain range consisting of several peaks: Western (South) Payer (1330 m), Payer (1499 m) and Eastern Payer (1217 m).

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The name comes from the Nenets words pe, pay - "stone, rock" and erv - "master". On this occasion, it is worth quoting the words of E. Hoffmann, a researcher of the Ural Mountains: “This mountain, due to its height, received from the Samoyeds the magnificent name Pai-Er “Lord of the Mountains”. Indeed, Payer in this part of the Urals visually stands out among other mountains.

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Payer reaches a height of 1499 meters above sea level

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The mountain is unusual for its plateau-like peak, from which sharp ridges extend to the side. On the slopes there are several glaciers and snowfields that do not have time to melt during the short and cold polar summer.

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Pre-existing animals are introduced and acclimatized in the Polar Urals
musk ox
Buffalo

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The inhabitants of the polar Urals
The vegetation of the Polar Urals is scarce. Taiga forests are found only in the southern part, where they grow: in the Trans-Urals - spruce and larch, in the Cis-Urals - fir and birch. In the valleys of the rivers Synya, Voikar and their tributaries, deadwood is found. Rare birch and deciduous forests can be found in the northern part of the region on the eastern slope along the river valleys. The banks of the rivers of the western slope - Pechora, Kara and their tributaries are overgrown mainly with willow bushes, polar birch, grasses and flowers. Often there are blueberries, lingonberries, cloudberries, as well as mushrooms. The only relatively common animal of the Polar Urals is the reindeer. Most of the local deer are a domestic form, which is the main wealth of the local population and overgrazing local pastures as a result of excessive breeding and overgrazing. Wild reindeer in the Polar Urals are almost exterminated today. Today there are also hares and partridges. A number of brown bears have survived.

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Subpolar Urals
Subpolar Urals - the most elevated part of the Ural Mountains with sharp peaks and ridges

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The border of the Subpolar Urals - Maksimovsky Stone

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Most of the Subpolar Urals - Reserve
National Park "Yugyd va" (in the first place with the Komi " pure water”) was established on April 23, 1994 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 377. It is located in the Northern and Subpolar Urals in the southeast of the Komi Republic. The total area of ​​the park is 1,891,701 ha, including the water area of ​​21,421 ha. As of 2006, it is the largest national park in Russia. The territory of the park is included in the object world heritage UNESCO "Virgin forests of Komi". On South national park Yugyd va borders on the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve

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The northern border of the Yugyd-va Park is the Kozhim River

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Yugyd-va in autumn

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Northern Ural
The Northern Urals - part of the Ural Mountains, extends from Kosvinsky Kamen and neighboring Konzhakovsky Kamen (59 ° N) in the south to the northern slopes of the Telposis massif, or rather, to the banks of the Shchuger River, enveloping it from the north. The Ural Range here runs strictly from south to north in several parallel ridges and ridges with a total width of up to 50-60 km. The relief is mid-mountain, with flat tops - the result of the uplift of ancient leveled mountains and the impact of subsequent glaciations and modern frosty weathering.

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Northern Ural
The Northern Urals is one of the most remote and inaccessible regions of the Urals. Bear Corner - this is the name of one of its peaks. There are almost no north of Ivdel, Vizhay and Ushma settlements and therefore expensive. Impenetrable forests and swamps approach the mountains from the east and west. The climate here is already quite severe. There are many snowfields in the mountains that do not have time to melt over the summer. There are also spots of permafrost, and up to the latitude of Konzhakovsky Stone. And although there are no glaciers in these areas, two small glaciers were found in the Telposiz mountains - the highest massif of the Northern Urals. The Northern Urals is rich in minerals.

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Peaks of the Northern Urals

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Telposiz - the highest mountain range

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On the slopes of Telposiz - the tarn lake of the same name

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The infamous Dyatlov Pass, where nine tourists from the Ural Polytechnic Institute died for unknown reasons in 1959

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Mount Mooningtamp (Stone City)

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Unique monuments of nature - weathering pillars - one of the seven wonders of the world in Russia

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Man-pupu-ner
Weathering pillars (Mansi blockheads) - a geological monument in Russia in the Troitsko-Pechora region of the Komi Republic on the territory of the Pechoro-Ilychsky reserve on Mount Man-Pupu-ner (which in the Mansi language means "Small Mountain of Idols"), in the interfluve of the river. Ichotlyaga and Pechory. Ostantsev 7, height from 30 to 42 m. Numerous legends are associated with it, before the Pillars of Weathering were objects of the Mansi cult.

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The history of the formation of the remnants
About 200 million years ago, there were high mountains in the place of stone pillars. Millennia passed. Rain, snow, wind, frost and heat gradually destroyed the mountains, and first of all the weak rocks. Hard sericite-quartzite shales, of which the remnants are composed, were destroyed less and survived to this day, while soft rocks were destroyed by weathering and carried by water and wind into relief depressions. One pillar, 34 m high, stands somewhat apart from the others; it resembles a huge bottle turned upside down. Six others lined up at the edge of the cliff. The pillars have bizarre outlines and, depending on the place of inspection, either resemble the figure of a huge man, or the head of a horse or a ram. In the past, the Mansi deified the grandiose stone sculptures, worshiped them, but climbing the Manpupuner was the greatest sin.

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Natural conditions largely determine the direct impact on the resettlement of people, their lives, occupations, health, and the location of production. Due to its large meridional extent, the Urals are distinguished by contrasting natural conditions. Degree of auspiciousness natural conditions Tsymbalyuk Alexandra Anatolyevna MOU "Secondary School No. 6", Gai, Orenburg Region

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Element Hurricane winds Return of frosts Avalanches and landslides The contrasting nature of the Urals contributes to the emergence of various natural disasters on its territory. Fires Severe frosts Flash floods Drought Exit 1. Happen annually in summer in forests and steppes 2. Happen almost everywhere in winter 3. Spring element on rivers 4. Often in summer in the Southern steppe Urals 5. This element blows roofs and breaks trees 6. Can happen in summer , when no one is waiting anymore 7. Possible in the highlands of the Urals Determine the natural phenomena in the Urals according to the prompts: Students are asked to determine what natural phenomena are possible in different regions of the Urals. To do this, alternately click on the hint rectangles. Pictures and clues will open

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exit Resources http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/UralOb.png - map of the Ural Mountains http://www.gazetairkutsk.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/holodno.jpg - photo of severe frost http://foto-runeta.ucoz.ru/_ph/22/113260687.jpg - photo of fire http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGC/StaticFiles/Images/Show/25xx/254x/ 2540_Most_Extreme_Jobs-2_04700300.jpg - avalanche photo http://lib.a-grande.ru/navig/inzer1/in9.jpg - Ural mountain photo http://www.alpclub.ur.ru/alp/uvk/2009/tag /gg.jpg - photo of climbers at the top http://www.photocity.ru/Album147/00006.jpg - photo of Ural Mountain http://www.contreinfo.info/IMG/arton1662.jpg - photo of drought http:// wroom.ru/userimg/forum/1278273100.jpg - photo squally wind http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/3006/tatianatr.b/0_2496c_1a045047_XL - photo return of frosts http://zstore.zman.com/ images/2008/03/16/9fd827703845db588e70e4f0e9e6c4fc.jpg - flood photo http://selhozpostavka.com.ua/pic/catalog/catalog_info_3_473.jpg - harvester photo http://geo-ural.narod.ru/IMG_4. JPG - photo mountain river http://www.naftan.by/img2/gallery/15.jpg - photo of the Ural plant http://pregions.od.ua/upload/images/img_1238494807.jpg - photo in the mine http://www.southural. ru/photos/photos/3549.jpg - photo of the meander of the river http://img-2006-12.photosight.ru/01/1794666.jpg - photo of the southern Urals http://www.polarural.narod.ru/ural/ mount/m15.jpg - photo of Cis-Urals http://festival.1september.ru/files/articles/55/5598/559823/f_clip_image002.jpg - photo of Trans-Urals http://img-2003-10.photosight.ru/06/ 316340.jpg - photo northern Ural Atlas Physical Geography of Russia Grade 8. - M .: "AST-Press", 2001

Natural features of the Middle Urals. Educator: Starinets O.N.

• The Middle Urals is the lowest part of the Ural Mountains, bounded by the latitudes of Konzhakovsky Stone in the north and Mount Yurma in the south - from Mount Oslyanka to the latitudinal section of the Ufa River.
• The Middle Urals are well separated geographically: the Ural Mountains are lowered here, and the strictly meridional strike of the mountain belt is replaced by a south-southeast one. Together with the Southern Urals, the Middle Urals forms a giant arc, with its convex side turned to the east, the arc goes around the Ufimsky plateau - the eastern ledge of the Russian platform.

Map of the MIDDLE Urals. Mount Azov peak.

• River valleys in the Middle Urals are relatively wide and developed. Only in some places picturesque steeps and cliffs hang right above the riverbed.

stone tents

• Winter lasts about 5 months, from November to April, and begins with the appearance of a stable snow cover. With a clear sky and calm, when strongly cooled air comes from the Arctic, very coldy(from -20 to -40 °C). Winter is the most stable season of the year. Thaws and rain in the middle of winter are a rare occurrence and are more often observed in the southwestern regions of the Middle Urals. IN winter period a lot of snow accumulates in the mountains. It melts in the southeast of the Middle Urals in mid-April, and in the northeast - at the end of April. On mountain tops and in dense forests, melting continues into May.

The nature of the Urals is unique in its diversity and is able to amaze with its beauty and richness.

Being at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, the Ural Mountains stretched from north to south for more than 2.5 thousand kilometers. The border of the two parts of the world runs along the watershed.

Features of the nature of the Urals.

• The Urals are divided into zones: Polar, Subpolar, Northern, Middle and Southern. The nature of each of these zones varies greatly, but within the same zone natural features may differ markedly. For example, the nature of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals is different. The Ural Mountains are a kind of barrier to the spread of certain species of plants and animals. The difference in climate is also noticeable (for example, more precipitation falls on the western slope of the Urals than on the eastern one).
• The climate of the Urals is continental. Winter is usually frosty, snowy and long. Snow-capped mountains with frost-covered trees are even more beautiful in winter than in summer.

• Summer is moderately warm.
• The further north, the colder the climate
• . Precipitation is unevenly distributed, depending on the latitude and slope of the Urals.

Animal and vegetable world Ural.

• Animals in the Ural forests are rare. The largest Ural animals are the brown bear and the elk. There are squirrel, chipmunk, hare, fox, wolf, wolverine, badger, roe deer, etc. In the north you can see reindeer. Beaver, otter, muskrat live in the rivers.
• On the territory there are the boundaries of the distribution of some trees. For example, the southern one is Siberian cedar, the northern one is Norway maple, the eastern one is common oak, elm, and elm. The most common are pines, spruces, birches. In summer, there are many berries and mushrooms in the forests.

Chusovaya river.

• In the Ural Mountains, you can observe a pronounced altitudinal zonality, that is, starting the ascent in the mountain-forest zone, you can get into the mountain tundra.
• In some places in the Urals, there are relic plants (glacial and post-glacial) and endemics that live in a relatively limited area.
• Dangers in the Urals are represented by ticks that transmit many dangerous infections, including encephalitis (there are especially many of them in May-June), and Poisonous snakes, of which in the Urals there are only vipers. There is also a danger of meeting with the owner of the taiga - a bear.

natural attractions.

• In the Urals, there are many diverse natural attractions. There are mountains and rocks, caves, rivers and lakes, waterfalls and even fountains.
• Far beyond the Urals, such unique natural attractions of the Urals as weathering pillars on the Manpupuner Plateau, Kapova Cave (Shulgan-Tash) with ancient rock paintings, underwater gypsum Orda Cave, Kungur Ice Cave, Chusovaya River, Narodnaya Mountain, Taganay National Park and many other places.
• In the east of the Komi Republic and in the west of the YNAO and KhMAO are the highest mountains of the Urals (including the highest point of the Ural Mountains - Mount Narodnaya in the Subpolar Urals, 1895 m). Here, in hard-to-reach places, almost virgin Ural nature is still preserved in some places.

• IN Perm region most of the rivers, including those suitable for tourist rafting. There are many caves here (including the Divya cave, the longest in the region). Very rich in caves and Bashkiria. And the Chelyabinsk region is the most lake. There are also many beautiful mountains that are relatively easy to visit.
• The rivers flowing from the western slope of the Urals carry their waters to the Caspian Sea, and from the eastern slope to the Arctic Ocean.
• A unique feature of the Urals is that almost every river has factory ponds. Now the energy of water is no longer used in factories, the ponds have been used mainly for recreation.

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Nature of the Urals Presentation for a geography lesson Grade 8

The Urals is a geographical region in Russia and Kazakhstan, stretching between the East European and West Siberian plains. The main part of this region is the Ural mountain system. The Urals is located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia and is the border between these regions. The stone belt of the Urals and the adjacent elevated plains of the Cis-Urals stretch from the shores of the Arctic Ocean in the north to the semi-desert regions of Kazakhstan in the south: for more than 2500 km they separate the East European and West Siberian plains.

Of the natural resources of the Urals, its mineral resources are of paramount importance. The Urals has long been the largest mining and metallurgical base of the country. And in the extraction of some mineral ores, the Urals ranks first in the world. Placers of gold and deposits of platinum were found in the mountains, and precious stones were found on the eastern slope.

A couple of centuries ago, the animal world was richer than it is now. Plowing, hunting, deforestation have displaced and destroyed the habitats of many animals. Disappeared (hamsters, field mice) In the north you can meet the inhabitants of the tundra - reindeer, and in the south of the typical inhabitants of the steppes - marmots, shrews, snakes and lizards. Forests are inhabited by predators: brown bears, wolves, wolverines, foxes, sables, ermines, lynxes. Ungulates (moose, deer, roe deer, etc.) and birds are found in them various kinds. Otters and beavers are found along the river valleys. In the Ilmensky Reserve, the acclimatization of the sika deer was successfully carried out, and the muskrat, beaver, deer, muskrat, raccoon dog, American mink, and Barguzin sable were also settled.

The Ural Mountains consist of low ranges and massifs. The highest of them, rising above 1200-1500 m, are located in the Subpolar (Mount Narodnaya - 1895 m), Northern (Mount Telposiz - 1617 m) and Southern (Mount Yamantau - 1640 m) Urals. The massifs of the Middle Urals are much lower, usually not higher than 600-800 m. The western and eastern foothills of the Urals and the foothill plains are often dissected by deep river valleys, there are many rivers in the Urals and in the Urals.

Rivers and Lakes Rivers belong to the basins of the Arctic Ocean (on the western slope - Pechora with Usa, on the east - Tobol, Iset, Tura, Lozva, Northern Sosva, belonging to the Ob system) and the Caspian Sea (Kama with Chusovaya and Belaya; Ural River) .

Cities of the Urals There are many versions of the origin of the toponym "Ural". An analysis of the language contacts of the first Russian settlers in the region indicates that the toponym, in all likelihood, was acquired from the Bashkir language. Indeed, of all the peoples of the Urals, this name has existed since ancient times only among the Bashkirs, and is supported at the level of the language, legends and traditions of this people (epos Ural-batyr). Other indigenous peoples of the Urals (Khanty, Mansi, Udmurts, Komi) have other traditional names for the Ural Mountains, assimilating the name "Ural" only in the 19th-20th centuries from the Russian language.

Ural Mountains - mountains of medium height (m) The highest point - Narodnaya, 1895 m In terms of height, the Urals are divided into 5 natural regions: Polar Ural - m. Max. height - Mt. Payer - 1472 m Subpolar Urals - m. Max. height – Narodnaya town – 1895 m Northern Ural – m. Max.height – Telpoziz – 1617 m Middle Urals – m. Max.height – Mt. Kachkanar – 878 m South Ural – m. 1638 m

Relief of the Ural Economic Region Russian Plain West Siberian plain Ural mountains 1. Russian plain: -Verkhnekamskaya upland -Bugulma-Belebeevskaya hill. -Common Syrt 3. West Siberian Plain: -Kondinskaya lowland -Ishimskaya plain 2. Ural Mountains: -Northern Urals -Middle Urals -Southern Urals

Relief of the Ural Economic Region Russian Plain West Siberian Plain Ural Mountains Russian Platform Hercynian folding area West Siberian Platform Minerals occur in the platform cover Minerals occur in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Minerals lie in the platform cover

Resources 1. Mineral: Fuel and energy (oil, gas, peat, coal) Ore (iron rolls, copper-nickel, aluminum), but they are depleted. 2. Hydropower - Kama, Ural, Chusovaya, Sosva and others (there are many rivers, but most of them are the upper reaches of the rivers) 3. Forest resources of the Perm and Sverdlovsk regions 4. Soil resources of Boshkortostan, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions 5. Recreational resources ( mineral water, nature, archaeological sites, etc.)

The climate of the Cis-Urals of the Urals of the Trans-Urals is temperate continental with excessive moisture. Altitudinal zonality Continental with insufficient moisture 1. Changes from north to south: subarctic temperate continental with excessive moisture Continental with insufficient moisture 2. Barrier role of mountains CLIMATE
Homework 1.Paragraph 2. Analyze the thematic maps of the atlas on the population of the region (p.10-19). 3. Write out information in a notebook: Features of natural population growth (P, C and Epr). Sex and age composition of the population. Demographic burden of the population. Migration, standard of living of the population Ethnic and religious composition of the population Formulate general conclusions.