The final test in the discipline of experimental psychology. Test in experimental psychology. Scientific system of knowledge. The result of the awareness process
Exam test in experimental psychology
Option 1
FI______________________________date______group________
Number of correct answers _________ mark _____________________
1. Describe schematically the classification of methods according to Ananiev B.G.:
2. Choose the correct answer.
The system of principles for constructing and organizing scientific research is called ...
c) scientific worldview; d) research methodology;
e) philosophical outlook.
3. Choose the correct answer.
d) all of the above.
4. Choose the correct answer.
The property of a test to measure exactly the characteristic for which it was created is ...
a) reliability; b) stability; c) validity; d) accuracy;
e) standardization.
5. Complete.
refute your hypothesis.
a) the placebo effect; b) the Hawthorne effect; c) facilitation/inhibition effect;
d) expectation effect; e) the Pygmalion effect.
10. Choose the correct answer.
The concept of " perfect experiment» put into use:
hell. Campbell. b) W. Wundt c) V. V. Druzhinin d) F. J. Mac Guigan
11. Give a name to the scales in accordance with the definitions:
The scale obtained by assigning "names" to objects-__________________
The scale formed if the set implements one binary
relation - order (relationships "no more" and "less")-______________________________
12. Choose the correct answer.
A dialogue between two people in which one person reveals psychological features another -…
A) conversation B) interview C) testing d) survey
13. Define the concept.
Validity is ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. Complete.
It is purposeful, organized and determined
way fixed perception of the object under study.
15. Insert the correct answer.
It is carried out in order to simultaneously test all possible hypotheses.
a) “pilot study” b) field study c) critical experiment
FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION
State educational institution
"Far Eastern State University for the Humanities"
Test tasks
in "Experimental Psychology"
specialty 020400 - "Psychology"
Khabarovsk 2008
Developer:
Job title: Art. Teacher
Chair: Psychology signature ____________
Test tasks are reviewed and approved at the meeting of the department _______________________
Protocol No. _______
Test tasks
020400 "Psychology"
"OPD. F.3 "" Experimental psychology ", 180 hours
federal component,
EXPLANATORY NOTE
1. Compliant with GOS
2. Purpose – introduce students to the rules scientific thinking, which involves knowledge of the way psychologists reason when testing hypotheses, changes in the criteria of scientific thinking and modern approaches to the organization of empirical research.
Discipline tasks:
Consider the principles and structure scientific research;
Empirical methods in psychology psychology
psychological experiment;
The procedure and main characteristics of the experiment, its types and
psychological measurements;
· Presentation of results.
3. These test materials are intended for 3rd year students of the specialty "Psychology"
4. 44 test tasks, 60 - 90 minutes
5. The following types of test tasks are presented: closed, open, for compliance
6. Tasks of all degrees of difficulty are presented
7. up to 50% of completed tasks - unsatisfactory, 50% - 60% - satisfactory, 61% - 80% - good, 81% - 100% - excellent.
8. Compliance of test tasks with didactic units
Name of didactic units of SES | Task topic |
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Theoretical and empirical knowledge in psychology. | Basic concepts of experimental psychology. Scientific research, principles and structure. |
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Methodology of experimental psychological research. | Theory and its structure. Types of theories. Construction methods. scientific problem. Dependent and independent variables. |
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Classification of research methods in psychology. | Classification of research methods. |
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Theory of psychological experiment. | Experiment as a method of psychological research |
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Design of the experiment and control of variables. | 18 – 21 | Organizing and conducting a pilot study |
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Quasi-experiment. | 22 – 25 | Quasi-experiment. |
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Correlation studies. | 26 – 29 | Correlation studies. |
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Measurement in psychology. | 30 – 33 | Specificity of measurements in psychology. |
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Systematization and specifics of experimental research in various areas of psychology (sensory, perceptual, mnemonic processes, attention). | 34 – 38 | Procedure and main characteristics of types of psychological experiments |
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Analysis and presentation of the results of psychological research. |
1 option
1. An independent scientific discipline that develops the theory and practice of psychological research and has as its main subject the study of the system psychological methods, among which the main attention is paid to the empirical method is ………
2. Establish a correspondence between the types of research by nature and their definition:
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P/ P | Type of study |
P/ P | Definition |
Fundamental | Conducted in order to obtain knowledge that should be used to solve a specific practical problem |
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Applied | Conducted using a system of methods and techniques by which scientists seek to cover the maximum possible number of significant parameters of the studied reality |
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Monodisciplinary | Aimed at identifying one, the most significant aspect of reality according to the researcher |
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Comprehensive | Aimed at the knowledge of reality without taking into account the practical effect of the application of knowledge |
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Single factor | Conducted within the framework of a separate science |
3. This study is carried out in order to refute the existing theory, model, hypothesis, law, or to check which of the two hypotheses more accurately predicts reality - this is ...
4. The classification of studies by purpose includes:
A. Search engine
B. Critical
C. Interdisciplinary
D. Clarifying
E. Multifactorial
F. Reproducing
G. Applied
5. The highest form of scientific knowledge is ……………………
6. The structure of the theory includes:
B. Patterns
C. Initial empirical basis
H. Hypotheses
J. Postulates
K. The logic of the theory
L. Approvals
M. Axioms
7. Highlight ways to build theories:
A. Axiomatic
B. Hypothetico-deductive
C. Hypothetical
D. Deductive
E. Inductive
8. Establish a correspondence between the types of theories and their definition:
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P/ P | Type of study |
P/ P | Definition |
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quality |
D. Reliability of results E. Structural failure 26. Specify the main characteristics of a real experiment: A. Control of the independent variable, the dependent variable remains unchanged B. Control dependent variable independent remains unchanged C. Internal validity D. Reliability of results E. External validity F. Generalization of the obtained results G. Representativeness of results H. Reliability of findings 27. What elements does Campbell refer to the group of sampling factors: A. Breeding C. Experimental screening D. Natural development E. Group equivalence F. Subject's condition G. External validity H. Internal validity 28. What elements does Campbell refer to the group of factors side elements: A. Story effect B. Testing effect C. Instrumental error D. Interaction of factors E. Properties of the individual F. Test Reliability 29. Establish a correspondence between the concept and its definition:
30. Indicate what types of samples are distinguished: A. With one subject B. With two subjects C. With two groups D. With one group E. With groups of - pair design F. As many groups as you want 31. What types of sampling criteria are distinguished: B. Equivalence test C. Randomization D. Stratometric selection E. Pair selection F. Operational Validity Criteria 32. The object of study is ……………… A. Fragment of the real world B. The form of the given objective reality to the subject C. Actual issue to be resolved 33. The subject of the study is ……………. A. Aspect of the study of the selected object B. Study Specifics C. The form of the cognizable object being given to the cognizing subject 34. P. Fress highlights such a concept as a “good” hypothesis and highlights its features. Specify these signs. A. Relevance to the problem B. Presence of elements of new knowledge C. Credibility D. Consistency with scientific evidence E. Verifiability 35. The image of the future result to which the research should lead is………. 36. Establish a correspondence between the concept of types of goals and their definitions:
37. Highlight the grounds for classifying data: |
even in ancient times (6-5 centuries BC)
Alcmaeon, Hippocrates, Galen in the Arab East. Ibn al-Haytama, Ibn Rosh.
2The principle of determinism in psychology:
the principle of causality means that all psychological phenomena are determined, i.e. caused by some external or internal factors. Orients the researcher to the search for these connections.
3The idea of determinism was first expressed by:
Democritus in the 6th century BC. It all started with physics (Galileo, Newton) of the 16th-18th centuries.
4. Supporters of the empirical trend in the philosophy and psychology of the New Age were:
Galileo, Newton, Descartes, Bacon, Hobbes, John Locke, Hartley, Hume.
For the first time the idea of a reflex mechanism was expressed by:
Prochazke, Magendie, Bell.
Experimental psychology refers to:
a field of psychology that organizes knowledge about research problems common to most psychological areas and how to solve them. Experimental psychology is called a scientific discipline about the methods of psychological research.
Theory means:
Scientific system of knowledge. The result of the process of awareness.
in a broad sense - a system of views, representations of ideas aimed at explaining the phenomena of any area of the environment. Peace.
In a narrow sense, it is the highest form of organization of scientific knowledge, which gives a holistic view of the patterns and relationships of a certain area of reality, the object of this theory.
Methodology means:
Doctrine of Methods scientific knowledge.
(path + word) a system of principles and methods of organizing and constructing theoretical and practical activities, as well as the doctrine of this system.
methodology is understood as: a set of research methods used in a given science (narrow sense), the doctrine of the methods of scientific knowledge and how to build a system of this knowledge.
The experiment is:
An empirical study is conducted to identify cause-and-effect relationships.
scientifically established experiment, observation of the phenomenon under study under precisely taken into account conditions that make it possible to follow the course of the phenomenon, measure and record changes and repeatedly reproduce it when these conditions are repeated.
Observation is:
method, method, process of purposeful, organized perception of the registration of the behavior of an object. The oldest psychological method.
Content analysis is:
What is the difference between the term "psychology of experiment" and "experimental psychology"?
experimental psychology- area psychology ordering knowledge about common to most psychological directions of research problems and ways to solve them.
The psychology of experiment is the psychology of experience, observation, a specific object in this case - experiment. The difference in the object of science))
The main methods of psychological research are:
Observation
Experiment
Psychological dimension
Methods of mathematical-statistical processing and interpretation of data.
The main principles of experimental psychology include:
the principle of determinism and the principle of causal relationships.
The essence of the experimental method is:
differs from observation by active intervention on the part of the researcher, systematically manipulating one or more variables and recording concomitant changes in the behavior of the object.
The main forms of experimental research include:
-laboratory
Natural
Traditional
factorial
Aerobatic
Decisive
Control
Formative
The main structural elements of the experimental method include:
Studying the state of the problem, identifying the relevance of its research. Definition of goals and objectives, subject and object of research. Review of available publications on this issue.
Development and refinement of the original research concept. Building a model of the phenomenon. Putting forward hypotheses.
Plan. Definition of stages, sampling of subjects. Choice of methods and techniques. Organizational and methodological support for psychological examinations, experiments.
Conducting psychological examinations, experiments. Collection of empirical data and their systematization. Compilation of pivot tables, their verification, transformation of the form of information, if necessary - its coding.
Data processing, including using mathematical and statistical methods. Presentation of results.
Discussion and interpretation of the results within the framework of the original research concept. Evaluation of the results of testing hypotheses.
Correlation of results with existing concepts and theories. Formulation of general conclusions, which indicate: the theory was confirmed or refuted, whether the goal was achieved and how the tasks of the study (experiment) were solved, what results were achieved. Where necessary, practical recommendations are developed. The prospects for further development of the problem are assessed. (On their own and not only)
What statement characterizes the concept of "causal" approach in research?
Interdependence.
Cause-and-effect dependence.
The essence of causality is the production of the cause of the effect.
Hypothesis in psychological research:
A hypothesis is a scientific representation in the form of a statement, the truth or falsity of which is unprovable deductively, is unknown, but can be verified empirically (empirically) in the course of an experiment.
Hypothesis - A system of inference, through which, on the basis of a number of facts, a conclusion is made about the existence of a connection phenomenon, a cause. Moreover, this conclusion cannot be considered absolutely reliable.
Psychological hypothesis - scientific assumptions formulated regarding psychological reality within the framework of certain psychological ideas. Concepts corresponding to theoretical ideas act as hypothetical constructs in a hypothesis.
The essence of the experimental hypothesis is:
It serves to organize the experiment.
It is a hypothesis about causal relationships.
The experiment allows you to test hypotheses:
1) connection hypotheses
2) causal hypotheses
Which judgment relates to the definition of the concept of "independent variable"?
Experimental influence and experimental factor - controlled variable, actively changed by the researcher
Which judgment relates to the definition of the term "dependent variable"?
A variable (any mental phenomenon, characteristic) of change, which is considered as a consequence of a change in the experimental impact. Simply put, this is the so-called reaction or response to experimental exposure.
24. What type of experimental variables are "additional" and "side" variables?
(managed - existing system learning, aspects of the social environment. physiological variables)
Minor, arising in addition to the will and desire of the experimenter and the subject.
But also requiring careful recording, measurement and processing.
What type of sample of subjects does the following judgment refer to: "The sample of subjects on which the experimental influence is directed ..."?
It's called the experimental group.
What type of sample of subjects does the following statement refer to: "A sample of subjects that is not affected by the independent variable ..."?
It is called the control group.
What type of sample of subjects does the following judgment refer to: "A sample of subjects reflecting the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the general population is ..."
A group of objects limited in number, specially selected from the gene. Aggregates for studying its properties.
Randomization is a sampling strategy that is defined as:
Simple random selection. Each member of the general population has equal rights with others to be included in the sample.
Representative sampling modeling is a sampling strategy that is defined as:
The ability of the sample to represent the phenomena under study as fully as possible (in terms of their variability in the general population).
The essence of the experiment is:
In identifying the cause-and-effect relationships of the phenomenon.
It is the most important component of psychological examination.
First of all, the control group is used:
To check the results obtained on the experimental sample.
How does a quasi-experiment differ from an experiment:
Quasi-experiment - with limited forms of control of the conditions of the independent variable.
Use as exp, and counter, non-equivalent groups.
Implementation of control after the study.
How to interpret a negative test result:
As well as the positive ones.
This is an explanation of the psychological meaning of the obtained quantitative and qualitative results of the study, based on the put forward theoretical positions.
What limits the transfer of the conclusions of the experiment to the general population:
The representativeness of the sample. From the point of view of the variability of the studied phenomena in the general population.
"L" -, "O" -, "T" - data in the psychological study of personality differ:
Depending on their reliability and reliability.
"L" - data:
Data obtained by recording a person's real life behavior. Progress, discipline, going to the doctor, etc.
external criterion.
"O" - data:
Data of personality questionnaires, self-assessment methods.
Minnesota Multidisciplinary Personality List.
Catell's sixteen-factor personality questionnaire.
Gilford-Zimmerman test (temperament)
Eysenck's personality questionnaire.
"T" - data:
Skill test data. Relate to the subjects in relation to something.
Physical tests.
Physiological tests.
Parametric statistics methods are used in case of:
If the nature of the distribution of indicators of a psychological trait is normal or close to the normal form of the distribution of the trait described by the Gaussian curve.
Method examples:
Comparative analysis
Calculation of the reliability of the differences between the samples by Student's t-test, Fisher's t-test.
Methods of non-parametric statistics are used in the case of:
If the distribution curve of indicators is far from normal.
Method examples:
Calculation of the reliability of differences according to the Q-Rosenbaum criterion
According to the UMann-Whitney test
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
Factorial, multifactorial, cluster and other methods of analysis.
Curve normal distribution(Gaussian curve)
Model of variation of some random variable, the value of which is determined by a set of simultaneously acting independent factors.
Kurtosis and skewness of the distribution curve:
Secondary Characteristics of the distribution of trait indicators.
Kurtosis is an indicator of sharpness. Curves that are high in their middle part are excessive.
The coefficient of asymmetry is an indicator of the skewness of the distribution to the left or to the right along the x-axis.
Assessment of the significance of differences according to the parametric 1-student criterion:
It is intended to find out how significantly the indicators of one sample differ from another. Has two forms: 1) unrelated t-test - to find out if there are differences between the scores obtained when using the same test to test two groups of different people.
2) associated t-test - for 2 groups between which there is a specific relationship.
Assessment of the reliability of differences by non-parametric criterion. About Rosenbaum, Mann-Whitney 1L criterion:
When the data does not follow a normal distribution, non-parametric tests are used. You can compare the results of two groups obtained using the same test.
Correlation analysis (correlation coefficient of Mr. Pearson, Mr. Spearman):
Revealing the relationship between two or more data sets. Provides an accurate quantitative assessment of the degree of consistency of changes in two or more features.
Pearson is a measure of the correlation between two variables distributed according to the normal law.
Spearman - the possibility of carrying out not very complex mathematical calculations with a calculator for small samples.
The level of statistical significance shows:
The probability that a given result correctly represents the population from which the sample was studied.
The procedure for standardizing the scales of methods is used:
To evaluate an individual test result by comparing it with test norms.
When it becomes necessary to compare the performance of the subject, obtained by different methods.
Encoding and transformation of the form of information is used:
In studies conducted to compare the psychological characteristics, features of prof. activities of employees of state spheres and commercial organizations.
In order to simplify and correlate with different sectors.
Rank operation:
grouping into different classes so that within the group they are identical in terms of the measured property, attribute, quality. Each class is given a name and designation.
Rank or ordinal scale is the result of ranking.
A priority,rank or operation precedence or operator- a formal property of an operator/operation that affects the order of its execution.
Some abstracts from the work on the topic Experimental psychology
1. Science is:
1. the sphere of human activity, the result of which is the acquisition of new knowledge about reality;
2. conducting experiments in the laboratory;
3. discussing various problems with someone;
4. observation of human behavior.
2. The stages of scientific research do not include:
1. problem statement;
2. formulation of the hypothesis;
3. hypothesis testing;
4. experiment;
5. interpretation of the results of the study.
3. The type of scientific research is not:
1. pilot study;
2. experimental study;
3. critical study;
4. clarifying research;
5. reproducing study.
4. Research methods are divided into:
1. theoretical and empirical;
2. theoretical, empirical and descriptive;
3. theoretical, empirical, descriptive and experimental;
4. theoretical, empirical, descriptive, experimental and speculative.
5. Theoretical methods do not include:
1. deduction;
2. induction;
3. transcendence;
4. modeling.
6. Empirical methods do not include:
1. non-experimental;
2. experiment;
3. measurement;
4. structural and functional modeling.
7. Observation is:
1. non-experimental method;
2. method of structural-functional modeling;
3. measurement method;
4. does not belong to any of the listed groups.
8. Observation is different from experiment:
1. immediacy of perception of the object under study;
2. greater passivity of the observer;
3. greater passivity of the experimenter;
4. is no different.
9. A variety of conversation as a research method is not:
1. clinical conversation;
2. interview;
3. testing;
4. Questioning.
10. Content analysis is:
1. standardized survey method;
2. a standardized method for studying texts;
3. standard statistical method analysis of the results of the experiment;
4. The correct definition of content analysis is not given here.
11. The measurement scale is:
1. graduated ruler;
2. numerical axis;
3. range of changes in the studied trait;
4. the rule on the basis of which a symbol (number) is assigned to the object under study.
12. Arithmetic operations cannot be performed with data obtained at the level:
1. nominal scale;
2. ordinal scale;
3. interval scales;
4. relationship scales.
13. The independent variable is:
14. The dependent variable is:
1. the conditions for the existence of the object under study, which the experimenter cannot influence in any way;
2. conditions for the existence of the object under study, which fundamentally remain unchanged during the entire experiment;
3. conditions for the existence of the object under study, varied by the experimenter;
4. fixed behavior of the studied object.
15. If temperament is an independent variable, then it has levels of significance:
1. 1;
16. An external variable is:
1. conditions that undesirably affect the behavior of the independent variable;
2. conditions that undesirably affect the behavior of the dependent variable;
3. conditions that do not affect the behavior of the variables studied in the experiment;
4. none of the given definitions is suitable.
17. In an experimental study of the effect of gender on aggressiveness, gender acts as:
1. external variable;
2. internal variable;
3. independent variable;
4. dependent variable.
18. The internal validity of an experiment is:
1. the absence in the experiment of the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable;
2. absence of distorting effects of external variables in the experiment;
3. the impact in the experiment of only the dependent variable on the independent;
4. absence of distorting effects of internal variables in the experiment.
19. The external validity of an experiment is:
1. the possibility of extrapolating the results of the experiment into the future;
2. the possibility of statistical processing of the results of the experiment;
3. the possibility of a meaningful interpretation of the results of the experiment;
4. the possibility of transferring the results of the experiment to the behavior of real objects.
20. One of the methods to increase internal validity is:
1. elimination;
2. exaltation;
3. illumination;
4. segregation.
21. The idea of the method of constant conditions, which is used to increase the internal validity of the experiment, is:
1. in the invariance of the impact of the external variable during the transition from one level of influence of the independent variable to another;
2. in the invariance of the influence of the independent variable during the transition from one level of influence of the external variable to another;
3. in the invariance of the influence of the independent variable when moving from one level of influence of the dependent variable to another;
4. in the invariance of the influence of the dependent variable when moving from one level of influence of the external variable to another.
22. The balancing method to increase the internal validity of the experiment is used when:
4. in the experiment, the number of external variables less than number independent variables.
23. The counterbalancing method to increase the internal validity of the experiment is used when:
1. in the experiment, the number of external variables exceeds the number of independent variables;
2. in the experiment it is impossible to select all external variables and control them;
3. in the experiment it is necessary to overcome the effect of sequence;
4. in the experiment, the number of external variables is less than the number of independent variables.
24. A sample is:
1. general population;
2. the set of those objects that can potentially be included in the experimental study;
3. a group of objects to which the results of the experimental study are transferred;
4. a random group of objects on which the experimental study is carried out.
25. The main condition for the external validity of the experiment is:
1. equivalence of the experimental sample to the control sample;
2. representativeness of the experimental sample;
3. the vastness of the general population;
4. narrowness of the general population.
26. Methods for increasing the external validity of an experiment do not include:
1. randomization method;
2. certification method;
3. stratometric method;
4. the first and second of the indicated methods.
27. Experiment planning is:
1. drawing up a schedule for the implementation of research work;
2. organization of the experiment in order to facilitate research work the experimenter and the work of the subjects;
3. organization of the experiment in order to increase its external and internal validity;
4. work on financial, organizational and logistical support of the experiment.
28. Factorial designs are used for experiments:
1. with several independent variables;
2. with one independent variable;
3. both are true;
4. there are no correct answers.
29. In factorial experiments, hypotheses are tested:
1. only about the interaction of independent variables with the dependent one;
2. only about the interaction of independent variables with each other;
3. only about the interaction of independent variables with the dependent one and about the interaction of independent variables among themselves;
4. there are no correct answers.
30. The types of interaction of independent variables in a factorial experiment do not include:
1. converging interaction;
2. divergent interaction;
3. zero interaction;
4. diagonal interaction.
31. Standard optimal factorial designs do not include:
1. latin square;
2. Greek-Latin square;
3. Greek square;
4. first and second plans.
32. The method of positional equalization in experiments with one subject is used in order to overcome:
1. placebo effect;
2. sequence effect;
3. illusory effect;
4. facade effect.
33. Specific factors affecting the validity of a psychological experiment and related to the personality of the subject do not include:
1. placebo effect;
2. Pygmalion effect;
3. audience effect;
4. Hawthorne effect.
34. An optional introduction to a scientific article describing the results of an experiment is:
1. substantiation of the relevance of the research topic;
2. statement of the research problem;
3. formulation of the research hypothesis;
4. description of the results obtained in the study.