Tests of 15 minutes and an exam of 20 minutes Questions for the exam 1. Definition of the subject experimental psychology. 2. Features and problems of experimental psychology. 3. The main directions of the methodology of scientific research. 4. Science as a specific type of human activity. 5. Principles of scientific research. 6. Scientific research and its characteristics. 7. Types of scientific research by nature. 8. Types of scientific research by purpose. 9. Ideal scientific research, and its characteristics. 10. Real scientific research, and its characteristics. 11. Scientific paradigm and its main components. 12. The concept of a scientific problem, its characteristics and main levels. 13. Problem statement and hypotheses. 14. Types of experimental hypotheses and their characteristics. 15. Classification of research methods. 16. Empirical methods in psychological research. 17. Features of the experimental research method. 18. The concept of scientific theory. Structure and components of scientific theory. 19. Psychological experiment as Team work subject and experimenter. 20. Experimental communication, its features. 21. Experimental effects manifested at the level of the subjects. 22. The influence of the personality of the experimenter on the result (the Pygmalion effect). 23. Typical mistakes of the experimenter, ways to control them. 24. Methods for controlling experimental effects manifested at the level of the subjects. 25. Methods for controlling experimental effects manifested at the level of the experimenter's personality. 26. Types of subjects, their motivation to participate in the experiment. 27. The norm of the experiment. Instruction. 28. Description of the experimental situation. 29. Types of experimental situations. 30. Types of experimental research. 31. Stages of conducting a holistic experimental study. 32. The main structural components of scientific research. 33. Validity: external, internal, operational. 34. Experimental sample and methods of its creation. 35. The concept of experimental and control groups. 36. Planning an experiment on one subject. 37. Pre-experimental plans and their specifics. 38. Main experimental plans, their specifics and schemes. 39. Basic quasi-experimental plans. 40. Correlation research and its planning. 41. Theory of psychological measurements. 42. Types of scales and types of admissible transformations. 43. Types of scale transformations. 44. The main types of psychological measurements and their classification. 45. Results of empirical research and their presentation. 46. ​​Generalization of experimental results. 47. Presentation of the results of the study: tabular, graphic, symbolic, verbal. 48. Requirements for scientific text.

Some abstracts from the work on the topic Experimental psychology
1. Science is:
1. the sphere of human activity, the result of which is the acquisition of new knowledge about reality;

2. conducting experiments in the laboratory;

3. discussing various problems with someone;

4. observation of human behavior.

2. The stages of scientific research do not include:
1. problem statement;

2. formulation of the hypothesis;

3. hypothesis testing;

4. experiment;

5. interpretation of the results of the study.

3. The type of scientific research is not:
1. pilot study;

2. experimental study;

3. critical study;

4. clarifying research;

5. reproducing study.

4. Research methods are divided into:
1. theoretical and empirical;

2. theoretical, empirical and descriptive;

3. theoretical, empirical, descriptive and experimental;

4. theoretical, empirical, descriptive, experimental and speculative.

5. Theoretical methods do not include:
1. deduction;

2. induction;

3. transcendence;

4. modeling.

6. Empirical methods do not include:
1. non-experimental;

2. experiment;

3. measurement;

4. structural and functional modeling.

7. Observation is:
1. non-experimental method;

2. method of structural-functional modeling;

3. measurement method;

4. does not belong to any of the listed groups.

8. Observation is different from experiment:
1. immediacy of perception of the object under study;

2. greater passivity of the observer;

3. greater passivity of the experimenter;

4. is no different.

9. A variety of conversation as a research method is not:
1. clinical conversation;

2. interview;

3. testing;

4. Questioning.

10. Content analysis is:
1. standardized survey method;

2. a standardized method for studying texts;

3. standard statistical method for analyzing the results of the experiment;

4. The correct definition of content analysis is not given here.

11. The measurement scale is:
1. graduated ruler;

2. numerical axis;

3. range of changes in the studied trait;

4. the rule on the basis of which a symbol (number) is assigned to the object under study.

12. Arithmetic operations cannot be performed with data obtained at the level:
1. nominal scale;

2. ordinal scale;

3. interval scales;

4. relationship scales.

13. The independent variable is:

14. The dependent variable is:
1. the conditions for the existence of the object under study, which the experimenter cannot influence in any way;

2. conditions for the existence of the object under study, which fundamentally remain unchanged during the entire experiment;

3. conditions for the existence of the object under study, varied by the experimenter;

4. fixed behavior of the studied object.

15. If temperament is an independent variable, then it has levels of significance:
1. 1;

16. An external variable is:
1. conditions that undesirably affect the behavior of the independent variable;

2. conditions that undesirably affect the behavior of the dependent variable;

3. conditions that do not affect the behavior of the variables studied in the experiment;

4. none of the given definitions is suitable.

17. In an experimental study of the effect of gender on aggressiveness, gender acts as:
1. external variable;

2. internal variable;

3. independent variable;

4. dependent variable.

18. The internal validity of an experiment is:
1. the absence in the experiment of the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable;

2. absence of distorting effects of external variables in the experiment;

3. the impact in the experiment of only the dependent variable on the independent;

4. absence of distorting effects of internal variables in the experiment.

19. The external validity of an experiment is:
1. the possibility of extrapolating the results of the experiment into the future;

2. the possibility of statistical processing of the results of the experiment;

3. the possibility of a meaningful interpretation of the results of the experiment;

4. the possibility of transferring the results of the experiment to the behavior of real objects.

20. One of the methods to increase internal validity is:
1. elimination;

2. exaltation;

3. illumination;

4. segregation.

21. The idea of ​​the method of constant conditions, which is used to increase the internal validity of the experiment, is:
1. in the invariance of the impact of the external variable during the transition from one level of influence of the independent variable to another;

2. in the invariance of the influence of the independent variable during the transition from one level of influence of the external variable to another;

3. in the invariance of the influence of the independent variable when moving from one level of influence of the dependent variable to another;

4. in the invariance of the influence of the dependent variable when moving from one level of influence of the external variable to another.

22. The balancing method to increase the internal validity of the experiment is used when:

4. in the experiment, the number of external variables less than number independent variables.

23. The counterbalancing method to increase the internal validity of the experiment is used when:
1. in the experiment, the number of external variables exceeds the number of independent variables;

2. in the experiment it is impossible to select all external variables and control them;

3. in the experiment it is necessary to overcome the effect of sequence;

4. in the experiment, the number of external variables is less than the number of independent variables.

24. A sample is:
1. general population;

2. the set of those objects that can potentially be included in the experimental study;

3. a group of objects to which the results of the experimental study are transferred;

4. a random group of objects on which the experimental study is carried out.

25. The main condition for the external validity of the experiment is:
1. equivalence of the experimental sample to the control sample;

2. representativeness of the experimental sample;

3. the vastness of the general population;

4. narrowness of the general population.

26. Methods for increasing the external validity of an experiment do not include:
1. randomization method;

2. certification method;

3. stratometric method;

4. the first and second of the indicated methods.

27. Experiment planning is:
1. drawing up a schedule for the implementation of research work;

2. organization of the experiment in order to facilitate research work the experimenter and the work of the subjects;

3. organization of the experiment in order to increase its external and internal validity;

4. work on financial, organizational and logistical support of the experiment.

28. Factorial designs are used for experiments:
1. with several independent variables;

2. with one independent variable;

3. both are true;

4. there are no correct answers.

29. In factorial experiments, hypotheses are tested:
1. only about the interaction of independent variables with the dependent one;

2. only about the interaction of independent variables with each other;

3. only about the interaction of independent variables with the dependent one and about the interaction of independent variables among themselves;

4. there are no correct answers.

30. The types of interaction of independent variables in a factorial experiment do not include:
1. converging interaction;

2. divergent interaction;

3. zero interaction;

4. diagonal interaction.

31. Standard optimal factorial designs do not include:
1. latin square;

2. Greek-Latin square;

3. Greek square;

4. first and second plans.

32. The method of positional equalization in experiments with one subject is used in order to overcome:
1. placebo effect;

2. sequence effect;

3. illusory effect;

4. facade effect.

33. Specific factors affecting the validity of a psychological experiment and related to the personality of the subject do not include:
1. placebo effect;

2. Pygmalion effect;

3. audience effect;

4. Hawthorne effect.

34. An optional introduction to a scientific article describing the results of an experiment is:
1. substantiation of the relevance of the research topic;

2. statement of the research problem;

3. formulation of the research hypothesis;

4. description of the results obtained in the study.

Examination test in experimental psychology

with the basics of psychodiagnostics

Option 1

FI______________________________date______group________

Number of correct answers _________ mark _____________________

1. Describe schematically the classification of methods according to Ananiev B.G.:

2. Choose the correct answer.

The system of principles for constructing and organizing scientific research is called ...

a) research methodology; b) research method;

c) scientific worldview; d) research methodology;

e) philosophical outlook.

3. Choose the correct answer.

The main methods of psychological research are:

a) test method and conversation method; b) observation and experiment;

c) the method of studying documents and clinical conversation;

d) all of the above.

4. Choose the correct answer.

The property of a test to measure exactly the characteristic for which it was created is ...

a) reliability; b) stability; c) validity; d) accuracy;

e) standardization.

5. Complete.

It is a method of refuting plausible hypotheses.

6. Match:

B) are carried out to confirm or refute the hypothesis of a statistical relationship between several (two or more) variables.

3. Correlation studies

C) studies that have been carried out andare still carried out according to certain schemes, do not take into account the requirements for the plan of a classical experimental study.

Answer:____________________________________________

7. Complete.

As a system of knowledge and as a result of human activity, it is characterized by completeness, reliability, and systematicity.

8. Choose the correct answer.

The effect, expressed in the fact that changes in the behavior of the participants in the experiment arise as a result of the attention that is paid to them, and not due to experimental influences - ...

a) the placebo effect; b) the Hawthorne effect; c) facilitation/inhibition effect;

d) expectation effect; e) care effect; f) influence effect.

9. Choose the correct answer.

The desire effectinvestigator to confirm (or

refute your hypothesis.

a) the placebo effect; b) the Hawthorne effect; c) facilitation/inhibition effect;

d) expectation effect; e)Pygmalion effect.

10. Choose the correct answer.

The concept of " perfect experiment» put into use:

hell. Campbell. b) W. Wundt c) V. V. Druzhinin d) F. J. Mac Guigan

11. Give the name to the scales in accordance with the definitions:

The scale obtained by assigning "names" to objects-__________________

The scale formed if the set implements one binary

relation - order (relationships "no more" and "less")-______________________________

12. Choose the correct answer.

A dialogue between two people in which one person reveals psychological features another -…

A) conversation B) interview C) testing d) survey

13. Define the concept.

Validity is ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Complete.

It is purposeful, organized and defined

way fixed perception of the object under study.

15. Insert the correct answer.

It is carried out in order to simultaneously test all possible hypotheses.

a) “pilot study” b) field study c) critical experiment

16. Complete.

These are external manifestations of the individual formed during life.

17. Answer the question.

Which scientist proposed the genealogical method? __________________________________

Examination test in experimental psychology

Option 1

FI______________________________date______group________

Number of correct answers _________ mark _____________________

1. Describe schematically the classification of methods according to Ananiev B.G.:

2. Choose the correct answer.

The system of principles for constructing and organizing scientific research is called ...

c) scientific worldview; d) research methodology;

e) philosophical outlook.
3. Choose the correct answer.

d) all of the above.

4. Choose the correct answer.

The property of a test to measure exactly the characteristic for which it was created is ...

a) reliability; b) stability; c) validity; d) accuracy;

e) standardization.
5. Complete.

refute your hypothesis.

a) the placebo effect; b) the Hawthorne effect; c) facilitation/inhibition effect;

d) expectation effect; e) the Pygmalion effect.
10. Choose the correct answer.

The concept of "ideal experiment" was introduced by:

hell. Campbell. b) W. Wundt c) V. V. Druzhinin d) F. J. Mac Guigan
11. Give the name to the scales in accordance with the definitions:

The scale obtained by assigning "names" to objects-__________________

The scale formed if the set implements one binary

relation - order (relationships "no more" and "less")-______________________________

12. Choose the correct answer.

A dialogue between two people, during which one person reveals the psychological characteristics of the other - ...

A) conversation B) interview C) testing d) survey

13. Define the concept.

Validity is ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. Complete.

It is purposeful, organized and determined

way fixed perception of the object under study.

15. Insert the correct answer.

It is carried out in order to simultaneously test all possible hypotheses.

a) “pilot study” b) field study c) critical experiment

Topic 1. Introduction to experimental psychology. The history of its formation.

1. Galton F		One of the founders of psychological testing. Developed a psychophysiological method of paired comparisons. He discovered the phenomenon of anticipation during tachyscopic presentation of an object.
2. James McKean Cattell		One of the first used variational - statistical methods in the field of experimental psychology. Application pioneer psychological tests, questionnaires, questionnaires.
3.Chelpanov G.I.		The first psychologist to study "memory and learning through experimental method.
4. Ebbinghaus G.		The founder of the experimental study of personality in Russia. Developed a procedure for conducting a natural experiment.
5. Lazursky A.F.		He developed a scheme for an experimental study of touch, for which he designed the device "esthesiometer".
6. Ernest Heinrich Weber		He created the "Institute of Experimental Psychology" in Moscow in 1912.

Introspective psychology is:

A. The field of psychology, which organizes knowledge about research problems common to most psychological areas and methods for solving them, is called the scientific discipline of psychological research methods.

B. a number of trends in psychology that use the subject's observation of the content and acts of his own consciousness as the only method of studying the psyche.

B. the science of the laws governing the formation and development of social systems, communities, groups, and individuals.

G. branch of psychology that studies the psyche of animals, its manifestations, origin and development in onto- and phylogenesis.

1. Fill in the gaps (****) in the sentences:

1.**** is a scientific assumption that follows from a theory, which has not yet been confirmed or refuted.

2. **** A hypothesis is put forward to eliminate internal contradictions in the theory or to overcome discrepancies between theory and experimental results and are a tool for improving theoretical knowledge.

3. **** The hypothesis must satisfy the principles of falsifiability (if it is refuted during the experiment) and verifiability (if it is confirmed during the experiment).

4. The hypothesis about **** is formulated as an assumption about the presence of certain phenomena, events.

5. The hypothesis about **** is formulated as an assumption that some indicators are related (are in certain ratios with each other).

6. **** is formulated as an assumption that one phenomenon affects (changes) another phenomenon.

2. Establish a correspondence between the terms (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and their definitions (A, B, C, D, E)

		This is a form of scientific reflection of the problem situation. On the one hand, it expresses real objective contradictions, on the other hand, it indicates the contradiction between the awareness of the need for certain practical action and ignorance of the means and methods of their implementation.
2. Research problem		a system and sequence of research actions, means (tools, devices, environment), which allows solving a research problem. With its help, the characteristics of behavior are fixed and the object is affected.
3. Paradigm		this is the way scientific knowledge object or practical activities, realizing the cognitive position of the subject to the object of study.
4.Method		a set of values, methods, technical skills and tools adopted in the scientific community within the established scientific tradition in a certain period of time.
5. Ideographic approach		approach to the study of personality, in which the uniqueness of each person is the primary goal of the study. First introduced by Allport.

3. Fill in the gaps (****) in the sentences (names scientific research):

**** research conducted in order to obtain knowledge that should be used to solve a specific practical problem.

2. **** research is carried out within the framework of a separate science (in this case, psychology).

3. **** the study is aimed at understanding reality without taking into account the practical effect of applying knowledge

4. **** These studies require the participation of specialists from various fields and are carried out at the intersection of several scientific disciplines.

5.**** Research is carried out using a system of methods and techniques, through which scientists seek to cover the maximum (or optimal) possible number of significant parameters of the reality under study.

6. **** The study is aimed at identifying one, the most significant, in the opinion of the researcher, aspect of reality.

4. Choose from the proposed answers (A, B, C, D) only one is correct.

Exploratory research includes:

A. Research carried out in order to refute an existing theory, model, hypothesis, law, etc., or to test which of two alternative hypotheses more accurately predicts reality, research is carried out in those areas where a rich theoretical and empirical stock of knowledge has been accumulated and proven methods are available to carry out the experiment.

B. By this research is meant an attempt to solve a problem that no one has posed or solved in a similar way. Sometimes similar studies are called “poke method” studies:

B. Studies within which theory predicts facts and empirical patterns. Usually, in comparison with the initial experimental sample, the conditions for conducting the study, the object, and the methodology change.

D. Exact repetition of the experiment of the predecessors to determine the reliability, reliability and objectivity of the results.

Topic 3. Theory of psychological experiment.

1. The founder of the study of the socio-psychological aspects of the psychological experiment was R. Zayonts. In 1933, he published an analytical review on this problem, where he identified the main factors of communication that can distort the results of the experiment.

2. The effect of social facilitation (gain), or the effect of the audience, was discovered by Hawthorne.

3. The joint activity of the subject and the experimenter, which is organized by the experimenter and is aimed at studying the characteristics of the psyche of the subjects, is a psychological experiment.

4. The placebo effect was discovered by doctors: when the subjects believed that the drug or the doctor's actions contributed to their recovery, they experienced an improvement in their condition. The effect is based on the mechanisms of suggestion and self-hypnosis.

5. A properly delivered conversation allows you to test hypotheses in causal causal relationships, not limited to ascertaining the connection (correlation) between variables. Distinguish between traditional and factorial plans for conducting a conversation.

6. This method was first proposed in 1910 by A.F. Lazursky at the 1st All-Russian Congress on Experimental Pedagogy. A laboratory experiment is carried out under normal conditions within the framework of the activities familiar to the subjects, for example, training sessions or games.

7. One-dimensional and multidimensional experiments are distinguished by the number of variables studied.

The formative experiment aims not to simply ascertain the level of formation of this or that activity, the development of certain aspects of the psyche, but their active formation or upbringing. In this case, a special experimental situation is created, which allows not only to identify the conditions necessary for organizing the required behavior, but also to experimentally carry out the purposeful development of new types of activity, complex mental functions and to reveal their structure more deeply.

9. The basis of the ascertaining experiment is the experimental genetic method for studying mental development.

10. The experimental genetic method for studying mental development was developed by A.N. Leontiev and is associated with his cultural-historical theory of the development of higher mental functions.

11. A pilot experiment is when the area under study is unknown and there is no system of hypotheses. The results of the pilot experiment may help clarify the direction of further analysis.

12. A group of subjects who are not exposed to any experimental influences, since it serves as a comparison during the experiment - the control group

13. The group of subjects subjected to experimental exposure (as opposed to the control group) - experimental group

2. Choose from the proposed answers (A, B, C, D) only one is correct.

"Double blind method" is the method:

A. Conducting a study of people's reactions to any impact, which consists in the fact that the subjects are not initiated into important details of the study being conducted (the influence of the independent variable is masked). The method is used to exclude subjective factors that may affect the result of the experiment.

B. Designing an experimental situation in such a way as to exclude any presence of an external variable in it.

B. When not only the subjects, but also the experimenters remain in the dark about the important details of the experiment until its completion. This method eliminates the unconscious influence of the experimenter on the subject, as well as subjectivity in assessing the results of the experiment by the experimenter.

D. Systematized quantitative evaluation of the content of texts. It was first used by K. Jung in the analysis of the results of an associative experiment. It is widely used in psychological diagnostics (projective methods), special psychology, psycholinguistics, etc.

D. Random selection or distribution of subjects, in which all subjects have an equal chance of being included in the group. It is used in the selection of members of the population in the experimental sample, as well as in the distribution of subjects into experimental and control groups.

3. Choose from the proposed answers (A, B, C, D) only one is correct.

An external variable is called a variable:

A. Which is changed by the experimenter

B. Which changes under the influence of the dependent variable

B. Which is not available for control by the experimenter

D. Which remains constant throughout the experiment

4. Fill in the gaps (****) in the sentences (characterizing ways to control external variables).

1. (****) – i.e. conditions are created when external variables do not change and equally affect all subjects. (For example: street noise outside the window is considered as a constant variable).

2. (****) is the construction of an experimental situation in such a way as to exclude any presence of an external variable in it. (For example: a room that is maximally isolated from the outside world).

3. (****) - creation of a control sample, which is in the same conditions as the experimental one, and differs from it only in the absence of the influence of the independent variable.

4. (****) - a way to control the effect of order by alternating influences. Each group of subjects receives the same set of influences, only their sequence in the series changes. Each set of actions is presented the same number of times.

5. (****) - i.e. random selection of subjects in a group. This makes it possible to exclude the influence of both the individual psychological characteristics of the subject, and to exclude the influence of the preferences of the one who recruited the group.

6. (****) - consisting in the fact that the subjects are not initiated into the important details of the study (the influence of the independent variable is masked).

7. (****) - this method allows you to mask the influence of the independent variable from the subjects and from the experimenter.

5. Match the names of the research plans (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and their versions: (A, B, C, D, E).

1. True "experimental plan.
2. Pre-experimental plans
		1. plan with preliminary and final testing and CG
4. Plan of correlation research.		2. plan 3x2 3. Plan Zx3
5. factor plans.		1. Comparison of two groups 6.

6. Choose from the proposed answers (A, B, C,) only one is correct.

The pre-experimental plans are:

1. And these are plans in which it is required to identify the impact of two or more WIPs on one RFP. At the same time, WIP can have several levels of intensity,

are to create conditions under which all levels would be combined with each other. The number of EGs is taken equal to the number of combinations of levels of all WIPs.

2.B are plans in which all measured variables are dependent. The factor that determines this dependence can be one of the variables or a hidden, unmeasured variable.

3. In this, studies conducted according to certain schemes, without taking into account the requirements for the plan of a classic experimental study. The reason is the impossibility of taking them into account when conducting a real study under specific conditions.

1. Answer whether each of the following statements is true or false:

1. A conversation is understood as a purposeful, organized and in a certain way fixed perception of the object under study

2. Using the method of observation, one can detect only phenomena that occur under ordinary, "normal" conditions, and in order to cognize the essential properties of an object, it is necessary to create special conditions that are different from "normal".

3. The main features of the testing method are:

Direct connection between the observer and the observed object

Partiality (emotional coloring)

Difficulty (sometimes - impossibility) of repetition

4. The interview is called a targeted survey.

5. The test method is a time-fixed test designed to establish quantitative (and qualitative) individual psychological differences.

6. The pioneer of using the questionnaire in psychological research was K. Lorenz. Exploring the influence of heredity and environment on the level of intellectual achievement, he designed a questionnaire and interviewed 100 of the largest British scientists with its help.

7. Studies in which the psychologist does not measure and does not observe the actual behavior of the subject, but analyzes diary entries and notes, archival materials, products of labor, educational or creative activity, etc., are called the history of an individual case.

8. The psychological verbal-communicative method, which consists in the implementation of interaction between the interviewer and the respondents by obtaining answers from the subject to pre-formulated questions, is a survey method.

2. Choose from the proposed answers (A, B, C, D) only one is correct.

The measuring scale is:

A. a sequence of bars, each based on one split interval, and the height of the bar is the frequency or number of occurrences.

B. is a property of frequency distribution.

B. metric systems that model the phenomenon under study by replacing the direct designations of the objects under study with some features, the presence or degree of severity of which is presented and evaluated by the subjects in the form of numerical values, a graphic image, or verbal.

D. This value in the set of observations that occurs most often. The difficulty is that a rare collection has a single mode.

3. Establish a correspondence between the terms (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and their definitions (A, B, C, D, E), types of measuring scales.

1. Interval scale		this is a scale that classifies by name and establishes the correspondence of a feature to a particular class. The name is not measured quantitatively, it only allows you to distinguish one object from another or one subject from another.
relations		this is a scale that classifies according to the principle "more by a certain number of units - less by a certain number of units", the first metric scale that determines the magnitude of differences between objects in the manifestation of a property. At the same time, using a scale, they find out how more or less a certain property is expressed in one object than in another.
3. Ordinal scale		it is a scale that classifies objects or subjects in proportion to the severity of the measured property, it has a significant zero point, which is not arbitrary, but indicates the complete absence of the measured property.
4. Scale of differences		This is a scale that classifies according to the principle "more - less". Here, the subjects may be ranked, for example, by weight or height.
items		has a natural scale unit. It corresponds to the additive group of real numbers. The classic example of this scale is historical chronology.

1. Choose from the proposed answers (A, B, C,) only one is correct.

Artifact is:

A. The result of the study, which is the result of a change in the dependent variable under the influence of side variables, is the result of errors or insufficient control of the conditions of the study.

B. a method of controlling the action of external variables, in which each group of subjects is presented with various combinations of independent and additional variables.

B. a sequence of bars, each based on one split interval, and the height of the bar is the frequency or number of occurrences.

2. Fill in the gaps (****) in the sentences:

1. (****) a hypothesis that is mutually exclusive with the main working hypothesis.

2. (****) a sequence of bars, each based on one split interval, and the height of the bar is the frequency or number of occurrences.

3. (****) this is a histogram, but lines connect the midpoints of the columns of each bit interval. Since on the bits to the right and left of the bits of the frequency distribution, the frequency has a value of zero, therefore, continue to the horizontal axis in the middle of the interval below the lower estimate and above the highest estimate.

4. (****) a graph in which the results of observations are displayed in the form of columns.

5. (****) strict mathematical rule, according to which one or another statistical hypothesis is accepted or rejected, is the choice of an appropriate function from the results of observations, which serves to identify the measure of discrepancy between empirical values ​​and hypothetical ones.

6. (****) is an indicator of the nature of the mutual stochastic influence of a change in two random variables, denoted by the Latin letter R.

3. Establish a correspondence between the terms (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and their definitions (A, B, C, D, E) characterizing the measures of variability, measures of the central tendency

1.Mean deviation		is the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​in the group.
		this is a set of deviations of each value from the mean, taken modulo.
3.Dispersion		a measure of dispersion (deviation from the mean). In statistics, the arithmetic mean of the squared deviations of the observed values ​​(x1, x2,...,xn) random variable from their arithmetic mean.
		the most common indicator of the variation of a quantitative variable, measures the "average" spread of the values ​​of a variable relative to its arithmetic mean in the same units as the variable itself; is equal to the square root of the variance.
5.Standard deviation		this is the value in the set of observations that occurs most often.
6. Arithmetic mean		is the sum of all values ​​divided by their number

Topic 1. Introduction to experimental psychology. Her story

becoming.

1B, 2A, 3E, 4C, 5D, 6D.

Topic 2. Science and scientific research.

Hypothesis

Theoretical hypothesis

scientific hypothesis

Fact hypothesis

Hypothesis about the relationship between phenomena

causal hypothesis

1. Applied

2. Monodisciplinary

3. Fundamental

4. Interdisciplinary

5. Complex

6. Analytical

Topic 3. Theory of psychological experiment

wrong (S. Rosenzweig)

wrong (R. Zayonts)

5. wrong (experiment)

6. False (Natural Experiment)

9. Wrong (Formative Experiment)

10. wrong (L.S. Vygotsky)

1. Create constant conditions

2. Elimination

3. Balancing

4. Counterbalancing

5. Randomization

6. Blind method

7. Double blind method

Topic 4. Non-experimental methods of psychological research.

wrong (observation)

wrong (observations)

wrong (Galton.)

7. wrong (“archival method”)

Topic 5. Using the methods of mathematical statistics in psychological research.

1. Alternative hypothesis

2. Histogram

3. Distribution polygon

4. Bar chart

5. Statistical test

6. Correlation coefficient

Species, Varieties research square. and their purpose	Research area and their purpose	Plan Variant Versions
1. Pre-experimental plans These are studies carried out according to certain schemes, without taking into account the requirements for the plan of a classic experimental study. The reason is the impossibility of taking them into account when conducting a real study under specific conditions. Research according to the scheme of pre-experimental plans was carried out even before the emergence of the theory of experimental planning. These plans include:	1. any scientific work usually begins with it. This kind of research, as a rule, is carried out at the first stages of scientific activity in order to compare their results with ordinary ideas about reality. But they do not carry scientific information. (Control of EP and WIP is completely absent.) 2. often used in sociological, socio-psychological and pedagogical research, there is no control sample. therefore, changes in the RFP during testing are caused precisely by a change in the WIP. In addition, this plan does not allow you to control the effect of "natural development", other "background" events. 3. Plan for two non-equivalent groups with post-exposure testing. makes it possible to take into account the effect of testing due to the introduction of CG, as well as to partially control the influence of "history" - background influences on the subjects and a number of other external variables. it is impossible to take into account the effect of natural development. This plan is applicable in a correlation study.	1.single case study plan 2. plan with preliminary and final testing of one group 3.comparison of statistical groups
2. True "experimental plan. signs: 1. randomization 2. the presence of EG and min. 1 CG. 3.completion exp. testing and comparing the behavior of the EG and CG groups.	1. Popular with psychologists. The "history" ("background") factor is controlled, since in the interval between the first and second testing, both groups are exposed to the same ("background") influences. 2. The plan includes two EGs and two CGs. is a combination of two plans. Solomon, with the help of his plan, reveals the effect of experimental exposure with four different ways: when compared. To avoid testing effect *** design for 4 randomized groups with pre-testing in 2 groups and final testing in 4 groups. Check for changes over time in the effect of the experiment *** plan for 4 randomized groups with preliminary testing in all groups and final testing at different times. 3. It is recommended to use in the case when it is not possible or necessary to conduct preliminary testing of the subjects. With good randomization, this plan is the best, it allows you to control most of the sources of artifacts. 4. Sometimes a comparison of two groups is not enough to confirm or refute an experimental hypothesis. In implementing this plan, only one level of WIP is presented to each group. It is also possible that the number of EGs increased in accordance with the number of IWP levels. *** plan for 3 groups and 3 levels of WIP.	1. plan with pre-test and post-test and control group 2.Solomon's plan for 4 groups 3. plan for two randomized groups with post-exposure testing Plans for one independent variable and several groups.
factor plans. They are used if it is required to identify the impact of two or more WIPs on one WIP. At the same time, WIP can have several levels of intensity, are to create conditions under which all levels would be combined with each other. The number of EGs in the factorial plan is taken equal to the number of combinations of levels of all WIPs.	1. to identify the effect of the impact of two WIPs on one ZP. To draw up this plan, the principle of balancing is applied. 2. is used in cases where it is necessary to establish the type of dependence of one RFP on one WIP, and one of the WIPs is represented by a dichotomous parameter. 3. is used if both WIPs have several levels and it is possible to identify the types of relationship between the dependent variable and the independent ones. This plan allows you to identify the impact of reinforcement on the success of completing tasks of varying difficulty. 4. plan for organizing a multilevel experiment, in which the second experimental factor is the order of presentation different conditions WIP. is used when it is necessary to investigate the simultaneous influence of three variables that have two or more levels. The principle of the "Latin square" is that two levels of different variables occur in the experimental plan only once. can significantly reduce the number of groups.	1.plans for two WIPs and two levels of 2x2 type 2. plan 3x2 3. Plan Zx3 4. 2x2x2 plans: "three independent variables - two levels. Simplified version - "Latin square"
3. Quasi-experimental plans created specifically with a deviation from the "true experiment" scheme. The researcher is aware of those sources of artifacts - external variables that he cannot control. is any study aimed at establishing a causal relationship between two variables (“if A, then B”), in which there is no preliminary group equalization procedure or “parallel control” involving the control group is replaced by comparing the results of repeated testing of the group (or groups) before and after exposure.	1. are aimed at establishing a causal relationship between two variables, in which there is no preliminary procedure for equalizing groups. The participation of the CG is replaced by a comparison of the results of repeated testing of the group (or groups) before and after exposure. these are plans that take into account the limitations of the forms of control before the implementation of the experimental exposure. Testing is carried out by one group, and the final (after exposure) is the equivalent (after randomization) group that has been exposed. The disadvantage is the inability to control the "influence of the" history "factor 2. Plans built according to the time series scheme for one group are similar in structure to the experimental plans for one subject. Its essence lies in the fact that initially the initial level of RFP is determined for a group of subjects using a series of successive measurements. Then the researcher influences the subjects of the EG, varying the WIP, and conducts a series of similar measurements. Compared levels, RFP before and after exposure.	1-.plans with non-equivalent CG Plan for non-equivalent groups 2. discrete time series plans
Correlation study plan. all measured variables are dependent. The factor that determines this dependence can be one of the variables or a hidden, unmeasured variable.	1. The plan is used to establish the similarity or difference between two natural or randomized groups in terms of the severity of a particular psychological property or condition. 2. The plan is close to the experiment, since the conditions in which the group is located differ. In the case of a correlation study, we do not control the level of WIP, but only state a change in the individual's behavior in new conditions. 3. This plan is used in the study of twins by the method of intra-pair correlations. Dizygotic or monozygotic twins are divided into two groups: in each group - one twin from a pair. In twins of both groups, the mental parameters of interest to the researcher are measured. Then the correlation between the parameters is calculated ( ABOUT-correlation) or twins (P-correlation). 4. A group is selected, which is either the general population or the population of interest to us. Tests tested for reliability and internal validity are selected. Then the group is tested according to a specific program. 5. The researcher reveals not the absence or presence of significant correlations, but the difference in the level of significant correlations between the same indicators measured in representatives of different groups. 6. The study is built according to the plan of time series with testing of the group at specified intervals. In addition to the effects of learning, consistency, etc., the effect of dropout should be taken into account: not all subjects who initially took part in the experiment can be examined after a certain period of time. time.	1. Comparison of two groups 2.One-dimensional study of one group under different conditions. 3. Correlation study of pairwise equivalent groups. 4. Multivariate correlation study. 5. Structural correlation study 6. Longitudinal correlation study

Moscow Regional Institute

Higher Socio-Economic Education

Test tasks

Subject: "Experimental psychology"

Lecturer: Arzhakaeva T.A.

Student: Brichkovskaya M.N.

group: 3PS-07/U