A generalizing word with homogeneous members of a sentence. A generalizing word is a word that is general in relation to homogeneous members of a sentence. Homogeneous members of the sentence clarify, concretize the generalizing word. The generalizing word can be definitive pronouns and adverbs (everything, always, everywhere, everywhere), as well as other members of the sentence and whole phrases. Generalizing words are the same member of the sentence as homogeneous members. Depending on the position, three types of constructions are distinguished (with examples): ... generalizing words (os): Ο, Ο, Ο. Arbuzov liked everything about him: a cheerful character, generosity, refined delicacy. Ο, Ο, Ο - os ... A cheerful character, generosity, refined delicacy - Arbuzov liked everything about him. os: Ο, Ο, Ο - ... Everything: a cheerful character, generosity, refined delicacy - Arbuzov liked him.

Associative compound sentence. Parts of an asyndetic complex sentence are connected only with the help of intonation. UNION between grammatical bases NO. Semicolons, colons, and dashes can be used between parts of a non-union sentence.

The most common classification of non-union complex sentences is the classification by meaning.

BSP with sequence value:

A strong and sharp wind blew, the sky was covered with clouds.

BSP with explanation value:

Something incomprehensible happens to me: I worry for no reason.

In such sentences, the conjunction viz. can be mentally substituted. The second sentence clarifies the first.

BSP with padding value:

I entered the house: it was clean and cool.

The second sentence complements the first, it contains additional information.

BSP with reason value:

I was offended by him: he was guilty before me.

The second sentence gives the reason for the first. From the first sentence, you can ask why?

BSP with condition value:

I want - everything will be in my opinion.

The first sentence contains a condition, the union if can be substituted.

BSP with the meaning of the consequence:

It was freezing rain - so many trees were broken.

The second sentence contains a consequence of the events referred to in the first part. Unions can be added to the second sentence as a result of which or so.

BSP with time value:

The rain stopped - the children ran outside.

The union when can be substituted in the first sentence.

BSP with mapping value:

Business time - fun hour.

The conjunction a can be substituted into the second sentence.

Examples of BSP schemes:

[ ... ], [ ... ] - non-union complex sentence, for example:

It got warmer in the evening, / the frogs croaked in the garden.

[ ... ] - [... ] - non-union complex sentence, for example:

I went up to the third floor and went to the door - / suddenly, because of it, a desperate dog barking was heard.

[ ... ] : [ ... ] - non-union complex sentence, for example:

Hearing the noise, I lowered my eyes: / A hedgehog ran right in front of me.

Exercise.

Closer to sunset, the frost returned stealthily: at night it was still lord.

1) The generalizing word comes before homogeneous members offers.

2) The second part of the sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first. 3) The first part of the non-union sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.

We find the grammatical basis: the frost returned and he was the lord. The colon is between parts of a complex sentence. Answer option number 1. This option disappears, since it characterizes the relationship between the generalizing word and the homogeneous members of the sentence. Answer option number 2. The meaning of the reason is conveyed through the union why. Let's remake the sentence: Closer to sunset, the frost crept back, because at night it was still king. Union really fits. Answer options No. 3 and 4. They characterize a non-union sentence in which a dash is used between grammatical bases. So the correct answer is #2.

How do you explain the use of a colon in this sentence?

The legacy of Marina Tsvetaeva is great: the poetess created seventeen poems, eight poetic dramas, memoirs, historical-literary and philosophical-critical prose.

1) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.

2) The second part of the non-union complex sentence explains, reveals the content of the first part.

How do you explain the use of a colon in this sentence? A special stage in the fate of Kazemir Malevich was 1905: on August 5 of this year, he applied for admission to the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

1) The second part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first part.

3) The second part of the non-union complex sentence contains an indication of a quick change of events.

4) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.

How do you explain the use of a colon in this sentence?

In the 20th and 21st centuries, Korean cities built in mountainous areas no longer followed the Chinese pattern: their streets were not straight, and ensembles of palaces and temples, watchtowers and fortifications fit into the surrounding landscape, forming a single whole with it.

1) The second part of the non-union complex sentence explains, reveals the content of the first part.

3) The generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence.

4) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the time of doing what is said in the second part.

In the non-union complex sentence, one of the main means of communication is missing - unions and allied words. The function of linking and expressing the relationship between the parts is performed mainly by intonation. In separate constructions, additional means are used: 1) demonstrative pronominal words (so, such, one, etc.); 2) words with a general meaning (first, first, because, this, therefore, for this, etc.); 3) the ratio of aspectual-temporal forms of the verb, mood forms.

The absence of allied means makes it difficult to express certain types of relations, such as concessions: Chin followed him - he suddenly left the service (Tr.); comparative: He says the word - the nightingale sings some others. However, the flexible structure of intonation makes it possible to overcome these difficulties.

In non-union complex sentences, the role of punctuation marks is more important than in allied ones; the rules for their use are more complex. Thanks to signs, sentences of the same structure are distinguished, but with different types relationships; cf., for example: The car stopped, the engine stalled (enumeration); The car stopped: the engine stalled (the reason is in the second part); The car stopped - the engine stalled (a consequence in the second part); These sentences have different structure of intonation.

Unionless complex sentences, like allied ones, have equivalent or unequal parts. In this they are similar to complex or complex. However, in non-union states, neither the independence nor the dependence of the parts is formally expressed.

Sentences of equivalent type can express two kinds of relations: enumeration and comparison.

Enumeration is expressed by intonation ("enumeration intonation"), which is characterized by a uniform rise in tone at the end of each movement; the number of parts is not limited; for example: It began to dawn, the river was foggy, our fire went out (Kor.). When enumerating, simultaneity (verbal forms of an imperfect form) or difference in time (perfect form) is expressed; for example: Thick dew lay on crumpled grass, heavy drops fell from linden leaves (A.T.); Dnieper became dark shore sloping; a shadow of the night pours from the east (P.).

When listing, commas are placed between the parts of an asyndetic complex sentence.

The juxtaposition is expressed by intonation (“opposite”), a feature of which is a higher tone in the first predicative part, a lower one in the second, a pause is maintained between the parts. Comparison is usually based on the use of antonyms; for example: Darkness does not love light - the evil one does not tolerate the good (Last); You are rich - I am very poor; you are a prose writer - I am a poet (P.). The number of parts is limited to two. The punctuation mark is a dash.

Sentences of an equivalent type can be rebuilt into compound ones, that is, they allow the introduction of coordinating conjunctions and, a.

In sentences of an unequal type, a logical connection of events, positions is expressed.

Conditional relationships reflect the conditionality of one event by another; condition is in the first part. The main character is a dash; for example: They go ahead - they do not spare hair (Last); the meaning of the condition can be based on the form of the subjunctive mood; for example: If there was a field, we would find a bipod (Last).

Cause-and-effect relationships: 1) cause in the second predicative part; for example: The joys of life cannot be kept forever: joy comes and goes like a guest (Prishv.); 2) consequence in the second part; for example: Learn good - evil will not come to mind (Last).

In sentences with the meaning of cause, the main character is a colon, with the meaning of the effect, a dash.

Explanatory relations are expressed in the second part of a non-union complex sentence in the following cases: 1) in the first part there is a demonstrative word; for example: This voice has always meant only one thing: other people need your immediate, urgent help (Sol.); 2) in the first part, a verb is used that needs to be completed; for example: So, you were not mistaken: three treasures in this life were my joy (P.); 3) in the first part, a word with a metaphorical or too broad meaning is used, which needs clarification, clarification; for example: Weather and gratitude are relatives: one was born in nature, the other in the human soul (Prishv.).

In sentences with explanatory relations, the main sign is a colon.

Sentences of an unequal type can be rebuilt into complex ones using the appropriate conjunctions (if, because, so, etc.).

In addition to proposals of an equivalent and unequal type, the union-free structure has connecting structures. They are not similar to compound and complex ones; they do not allow the introduction of the corresponding unions.

Firstly, these are sentences where in the first part verbs are used that name actions associated with perception: looked out, looked around (to see), froze, hid (to hear), etc., or which denote perception that is not directed directly at the object: listened, looked, peered and under. The second part of the non-union complex sentence denotes an event, a situation that is perceived; for example: Samghin looked around: a young girl was sitting on the sofa behind him and sobbing sobbing (M. G.); Suddenly everyone was silent and raised their heads: a neighbor (B.) appeared from behind the hut.

These sentences use colons.

Secondly, the first part is complete, does not need to be added; the second part expresses the content is also quite independent. The main character is a semicolon; for example: But five o'clock struck on the belfry of the monastery; evening was fast approaching (T.).

Modern Russian literary language / Ed. P. A. Lekanta - M., 2009

1. What is the main means of communication between simple sentences in a non-union complex sentence?

Unlike compound and complex sentences, the parts of which are connected with the help of conjunctions and allied words, the parts (sentences) in the composition of an union-free complex sentence are connected with the help of intonation and in meaning. Graphically, semantic and intonational relations are expressed with the help of punctuation marks.

2. Give examples of non-union complex sentences with enumerative, warning, explanatory and comparative intonation.

A strong wind blew, it rained, ice crunched underfoot. - enumerative intonation.
We were very tired: the mountain turned out to be steep, and the road was broken. - warning tone.
I was upset: a friend went on vacation to the village. - explanatory intonation.
They plow the arable land - they don’t wave their hands. - comparative intonation.

3. What punctuation marks are placed between parts of non-union complex sentences? When is each of these signs placed? Give examples for each case.

A comma is placed in a non-union complex sentence with enumerative intonation. The sentence then has the meaning of simultaneity or succession.
The moon shone brightly, the lake was as if covered with silver.
A semicolon is placed in the same cases, but if there are already commas in parts of the complex.
The moon, round and sparkling like new money, shone brightly; the lake, striking in its smoothness and immobility, was as if draped with silver.

A colon is used in a non-union complex sentence in the following cases:

If the second part contains a reason (you can insert a union because): We are cold: it was already real frost on the street;
if the second part reveals the meaning of the first (you can insert words namely): He looked terrible: his nose was broken, there was a bruise under his eye;
if the second part explains the first (you can insert (and felt) that, etc.): I turn around: he is standing behind me.

A dash is placed in the following cases:

if there is a contrast (you can insert but): We come to the club today - the meeting was canceled for some unknown reason;
if the first part calls the condition: The claw is stuck - the whole bird is abyss;
if the first part names the reason: It got very cold - the water in the well froze;
if the first part calls the time: It became dark in the park - we went for a walk on the boulevard;
if the second part contains a comparison: Look - he will give a ruble.

4. Give examples of non-union complex sentences in which various semantic relationships are possible between simple sentences: enumerations or causal; enumeration or opposition. What punctuation marks should be used in each of the following sentences?

Sometimes the same sentence can have different meanings. It is revealed in the context, and it can also be understood by the punctuation mark.
For example, the sentence It became cold twilight began. can have the meaning of enumeration, if these events are not connected with each other, but simply happened one after the other, then you need to put a comma: It became cold, twilight began. If it gets colder because of twilight, then the intonation and relationships are causal and you need to put a colon: It became cold: twilight began.
In the proposal the room was cleanly cleaned in the very center they put a pillow. maybe the meaning of the enumeration, if the place of the pillow is in the center of the room, then you should put a comma: The room was cleanly cleaned, a pillow was placed in the very center. Or maybe the meaning of the opposition, if the pillow violates the cleanliness, then you need to put a dash: The room was cleanly cleaned - a pillow was placed in the very center.

A non-union complex sentence (BSP) is a complex sentence, the parts of which are connected intonation without the help of unions and allied words. BSP are often found in fairy tales, in artistic and colloquial speech, among proverbs and sayings.

Associative compound sentences differ from allied ones in that the syntactic connection of parts of a complex sentence is expressed in them without the help of unions and allied words. The syntactic connection is expressed in them intonationally. Intonation also helps determine the meaning of sentences, which can often be defined differently out of context.

In non-union complex sentences, the means of connecting sentences-parts of the BSP are:

• intonation;
• order of arrangement of proposals in the composition of the BSP;
• the ratio of the form and tense of verbs in sentences.

In this way, BSPs differ from compound and complex sentences in which unions play this role.

Non-union sentences can consist of two or more simple or complex sentences, between which, depending on the meaning, a comma, colon, dash or semicolon is placed.

The teacher got sick and the class was postponed.

(sequencing)

The teacher fell ill and classes were postponed.

(explanation)

The teacher fell ill and classes were postponed.

(causal relationship)

It is customary to designate non-union complex sentences as BSP.

Classification of non-union proposals

The most common classification of non-union complex sentences is the classification by meaning.

1. BSP with sequence value:

A strong and sharp wind blew, the sky was covered with clouds.

2. BSP with explanation meaning:

Something incomprehensible happens to me: I worry for no reason.

1. In such sentences, the union can be mentally substituted namely. The second sentence explains the first

3. BSP with complement value:

I entered the house: it was clean and cool.

1. The second sentence complements the first, it contains additional information.

4. BSP with the meaning of reason:

I was offended by him: he was guilty before me.

The second sentence gives the reason for the first. From the first sentence, you can ask why?

5. BSP with condition value:

I want everything to be my way.

The first sentence contains a condition, a union can be substituted If.

6. BSP with the meaning of the consequence:

It was freezing rain - so many trees were broken.

The second sentence contains a consequence of the events referred to in the first part. Unions can be added to the second sentence as a result or So.

7. BSP with time value:

The rain stopped and the children ran outside.

Union can be substituted into the first sentence When.

8. BSP with match value:

Business time - fun hour.

The union can be substituted into the second sentence A.

Examples of BSP schemes:

[ ... ], [ ... ] - non-union complex sentence, for example:

It got warmer in the evening, / the frogs croaked in the garden.

[ ... ] - [... ] - union-free complex sentence, for example:

I went up to the third floor and went to the door - / suddenly, because of it, a desperate dog barking was heard.

[ ... ] : [ ... ] - non-union complex sentence, for example:

Hearing the noise, I lowered my eyes: / A hedgehog ran right in front of me.

Associative compound sentence

Associative compound sentence - this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of unions or allied words: [Habit over us given]: [replacement happiness she](A. Pushkin).

The semantic relations between simple sentences in allied and are expressed in different ways. In allied sentences, unions take part in their expression, therefore the semantic relations here are more definite and clear. For example, union So expresses the consequence because- the reason If- condition, however- opposition, etc.

The semantic relations between simple sentences are less clearly expressed than in the union. In terms of semantic relationships, and often in terms of intonation, some are closer to complex ones, others to complex ones. However, often the same non-union compound sentence in meaning, it can be brought closer to both a complex and a complex sentence. Wed, for example: Searchlights lit up- it became light around;Searchlights were lit, and it became light around; When the spotlights came on, it became light all around.

Meaningful relationships in non-union complex sentences depend on the content of their simple sentences and are expressed in speech by intonation, and in writing various signs punctuation (see the section "Punctuation marks in non-union complex sentence»).

IN non-union complex sentences The following types of semantic relations between simple sentences (parts) are possible:

I. enumeration(lists some facts, events, phenomena):

[I_ did not see you for a whole week], [I didn't hear you for a long time] (A. Chekhov) -, .

Such non-union complex sentences approach compound sentences with a connecting union And.

Like their synonymous compound sentences, non-union complex sentences can express the value 1) simultaneity enumerated events and 2) their sequences.

1) Bemep howl plaintively and quietly], [in the darkness neighing horses], [from the tabor floated tender and passionate song- thought] (M. Gorky) -,,.

stirred], [fluttered half asleep birdie] (V. Garshin)- ,.

Associative compound sentences with enumerative relations may consist of two sentences, or may include three or more simple sentences.

II. Causal(the second sentence reveals the reason for what the first says):

[I unhappy]: [every day guests] (A. Chekhov). Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with complex subordinate causes.

III. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the first one):

1) [Items were lost form]: [ everything merged first into gray, then into a dark mass] (I. Goncharov)-

2) [Like all Moscow, your father is like that]: [samelal would he is a son-in-law with stars and ranks] (A. Griboyedov) -

Such non-union sentences are synonymous with sentences with an explanatory conjunction. namely.

IV. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the word in the first part that has the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or perception, or the word that indicates these processes: listened, looked, looked back and so on.; in the second case, we can talk about the omission of words like see, hear and so on.):

1) [Nastya during the story remembered]: [she has from yesterday remained whole intact cast iron boiled potatoes] (M. Prishvin)- :.

2) [I came to my senses, Tatyana looks]: [bear No]... (A. Pushkin)- :.

Such non-union sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with explanatory clauses. (remembered that ...; looks (and sees that) ...).

v. Comparative-adversative relations (the content of the second sentence is compared with the content of the first or opposed to it):

1) [All happy family looks like and each other], [eachYes I unhappy family unhappy but in its own way] (L. Tolstoy) - ,.

2) [Chin followed to him]- [he service suddenly left] (A. Griboyedov)- - .

Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with compound sentences with adversative conjunctions ah, but.

VI. Conditionally temporary(the first sentence indicates the time or condition for the implementation of what is said in the second):

1) [Do you like to ride] - [love and sleigh carry] (Byproverb)- - .

2) [see you with Gorky]- [talk with him] (A. Chehov)--.

Such sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with subordinate conditions or tense.

VII. Consequences(the second sentence names the consequence of what the first says):

[Small the rain sows since morning]- [it's impossible to get out] (I. Turgenev)- ^TT