Hyphenation

• Adverbs formed by repeating words or stems: barely, for a long time, for a long time, firmly, after all, willy-nilly.
• If an adverb is formed from two synonyms: unexpectedly, unexpectedly, in a good time.
• Adverbs with the prefix PO- and suffixes –OMU, -EMU, -SKI,- KI, -I: kindly, kindly, friendly, German, birdlike.
• With prefixes VO-, V- and suffixes –ИХ, -Их : Firstly Secondly.
• With the suffixes -TO, - EITHER, - ANYTHING, the prefix SOME-: somewhere, somewhere, someday, somewhere.

Continuous writing

The combined and separate writing of adverbs causes certain difficulties. This is because although there are rules for writing, there are many exceptions to them. Therefore, there are a lot of words you just need to remember how they are written.

• If the adverb is formed from adverbial combinations: in two, on the right, end to end, on display. BUT: on the run, at a swoop, at the joint, to laugh.
• If formed by combining prepositions with adjectives, pronouns, adverbs: slowly, hard-boiled, in four, in two, with might and main, completely, everywhere, forever.
• Adverbs with the meaning of circumstances of place and time, containing nouns: top, bottom, before, back, height, depth, distance, width, century, beginning. For example: up, forward, behind, at the beginning.
• If an adverb without a prefix into which the preposition is transferred is not used: plenty, after all, to pieces, completely, familiarly, from under the brows, on the sly, by the way, on one side, down the drain, on an empty stomach, by hearsay, one by one, early in the morning, half asleep, too much.
• Combination of the preposition B and nouns with a vowel: in exchange, point-blank, in an armful.
• Combinations of prepositions WITHOUT and DO with nouns: to no avail, until I drop.
• Combinations of nouns with other prepositions: on the fly, on a grand scale, abroad, at home.
• Some combinations that have figurative meaning: fundamentally (wrong), (this is) to our advantage, (to get) into a dead end.

Separate writing

Distinguish adverbs from combinations of prepositions with nouns, ask questions, look at the meaning of words:

perform out of spite - complain about evil

stand to death - go to death

break it completely - put it on your head.

These are the rules for writing adverbs. However, there are many exceptions, words that need to be remembered.

Remember the spelling of adverbs

Continuous writing

Fording	At the same time	In reality
Up	Familiar	Unknown
Plenty	Often	By chance
Catch up	From the inside	Not for nothing
Shattered	From under his brows	Not at all
Borrow	from time immemorial	Partly
At launches	Since ancient times	Nearby
In the end	Lay down	Platoon
Briefly	Topsy-turvy	Serves it right
Overlay	untucked	Truly
Draw	At attention	For now
Truly	Ready	By hearsay
Back home	To the ground	Involuntarily
Afterwards	By heart	One by one
Racing	Light	Afternoon
Swim	Backhand	Simply
	Flatly	Equally
Half turn	Vying with each other	To the extent
In a hurry	In defiance	In the heat of the moment
Squat	On the spot	Foolishly
Out of order	Directly	From a young age
Unwind	Chanting	I'll go blind
Taken aback	On an empty stomach	Early in the morning
Scattered	At random	Woke up
Hand to hand	Run away	Akin
Dry	On alert	Syzmala
Vyav	Frankly	Immediately
Dry	By heart	Too
Clean

Separate writing

Without knowledge	Indiscriminately	Without stopping
Carelessly	Without asking	Tirelessly
To failure	Uselessly	Side by side
Without clearance	Without restraint	As
Out of the ordinary	To death	On hand
Finally	Till I drop	At the trot
In moderation	For eyes	At a gallop
In mockery	After midnight	To the glory
In leg	From under the arms	For a laugh
In trade for	Just	Conscientiously
Hugging	At random	On guard
Just barely enough	On the run	With a bang
Skin-tight	To the side	On tiptoe
In girth	Forever and ever	On the clock
Fully armed	By weight	Out of sorts
Out loud	By the look	Not in moderation
By oneself	Taste	Unlike the example
A hundred times	By eye	Not good
Openly.	Amazingly

Spelling of adverbs is a section in spelling. Difficulties in correct use In writing, this part of speech often appears. Hyphenation of adverbs is the topic of this article.

Prefix "by"

One of the common spelling errors is the separate spelling of adverbs formed from adjectives or pronouns and ending in -emu, -om, -i, -ki. If schoolchildren rarely make mistakes in words such as in Russian, differently, in other cases even adults experience difficulties.

Hyphenated spelling of adverbs is appropriate when the prefix “by” is present. Examples:

1. In your opinion, everything you do should not be criticized?
2. In a good way, this essay on the work of Alexander Kuprin needs to be completely rewritten.
3. She hugged him like a friend which he didn't like at all
4. French In this aristocratic house, even the maid spoke.
5. The girl resembled a cat: she walked like a cat, her movements were distinguished by softness and incredible plasticity.
6. He still he returned home at dawn and preferred not to answer all sorts of questions from his wife.
7. The girl went into the apartment of her future stepmother and like a businessman looked around.
8. She went to the pool three times a week for a year, but only learned to swim Like a dog.

It is important not to confuse such cases with words such as little by little, for a long time, less, more.

Possessive pronouns

You should also name examples that are found, as a rule, in works of art. Hyphenated spelling of adverbs is used if parts of speech are formed from Examples:

1. The poet immensely loved the work of the prose writer Dovlatov, and therefore the highest praise from his lips were the words “It sounds Serezha's way».
2. She imitated her sister in everything. I even quarreled with my mother differently.

Compound adjectives

Hyphenated spelling of adverbs also occurs when these parts of speech have the prefix “by” and are formed from two stems. But this does not mean that two spelling marks should be placed in such words. The word social democrat is written with a hyphen. An adverb formed from this noun and the prefix “by” will have only one spelling sign. Examples:

1. They held meetings as they thought in a social democratic way, and therefore they shouted socialist slogans and loudly argued about issues of the labor movement.
2. His father and grandfather were non-commissioned officers. He also had this rank. That's why he always behaved in non-commissioned officer's style and, that is, he played a lot of cards and started intrigues with cabaret singers.

Prefix "in"

Hyphenated writing of adverbs, examples of which are given above, involves the use of one sign. But there are adverbs consisting of several particles and two or more hyphens. For example: twenty-fifths, one-hundred-thirty-fourths.

Simpler designs are known to everyone. Hyphenated spelling of adverbs (the spelling rule is included in the seventh grade curriculum) is always used with the prefix “v”. Examples:

1. Firstly, the student was late for the exam.
2. Secondly, during the semester he did not attend a single seminar.
3. Third, he failed the exam again.

Affix "that"

Hyphenated spelling of adverbs (a table of rules and examples is presented below) is appropriate in words such as once, somehow, somewhere, from somewhere, for some reason. Examples:

1. For some reason it seemed to him that if he left today, he would lose her forever.
2. Somewhere Cannons thundered in the distance and shells exploded.
3. Somehow he returned home furious and told her everything that had haunted her for many years.
4. They tried their best to hide from the public everything that happened in the house, but from somewhere information, despite all efforts, still leaked out.

Affix "either"

Adverbs from somewhere, ever are also written with a hyphen. Examples:

1. Vasiliev is the most gifted student of all who ever she had.
2. Maybe anyone and would have played this role, but the director needed an actor of this exact type.

Other cases

Adverbs with the affixes “something” or “something” are not written together or separately. The writing of such parts of speech can only be hyphenated. Examples:

1. Some day you will remember these words.
2. She wrote an essay somehow.

Words formed by repetition are also written with a hyphen. Examples:

1. He clearly remembered that the night light in her room was on that evening barely.
2. There was a bit of flattery in his new book, a little lies, and immeasurable pathos.
3. The boy was spoiled, completely unadapted to everyday life, and at the age of seven he did not know how to tie his shoelaces criss-cross.
4. Mother tight I tied a thick woolen scarf over the girl’s coat and sent her outside.
5. Little by little he learned to write in German simple uncomplicated phrases.
6. Unexpectedly his beloved aunt came to visit from a deep Saratov village.
7. Hearing these rude and unfair words, his father advised him to get out I'll say hello.
8. WITH floundering bays such serious decisions are not made.
9. From then on he sat in mathematics lessons quietly o and even sometimes answered the teacher’s questions.
10. At the very least the three of them were able to complete this task.

The article sets out the rules and explanations for the topic “Consolid and hyphenated writing of adverbs.” The table below contains the information in a more condensed form.

Na-mountain is a word from technical terminology. This adverb is always written with a hyphen.

Written with a hyphen:

1) adverbs with the prefix po- and suffixes -om,

Him, -i, formed from full forms of adjectives

and pronouns: still, apparently,

bearish, in my opinion, in our opinion, in another way;

2) adverbs with the prefix v- (vo-) and suffixes -х,

Them, formed from ordinal numbers: firstly

first, second, etc.;

3) indefinite adverbs with suffixes -to, -or,

Somewhere and a prefix: somewhere, somewhere, from-

somewhere, somewhere;

4) complex adverbs formed by repeating one

of the same word, same root or synonymous

words: a little bit, quietly-quietly, a long time ago, just-

just, little by little, firmly. With two black

It is written exactly in dots.

§ 110. Vowels and a soft sign at the end of adverbs

Adverbs with prefixes with-, from-, to-, formed from

short adjectives, written at the end with the letter a

(again, long ago, red-hot), with prefixes in; on-, for- -

with the letter o (to the left, tightly, easily).

In adverbs formed from adjectives, after

hissing under stress the letter o is written, without stress -

nia - e: general, fresh, hot, powerful, melodious.

At the end of adverbs after sibilant ch and shch, as well as

after f in the adverb wide open it is written ь: gallop, on-

attentively, helplessly, backhand, completely.

Scheme of morphological analysis of an adverb

1. Rank by value.

2. Method of education.

3. What member of the sentence is it.

Sample morphological analysis

Everyone approaches autumn differently. (Prosk.)

In its own way - a defining adverb (of image and method of action).

Formed from a pronoun in a suffix-prefix way

(using the prefix po- and the suffix -em). In the sentence is-

This is the circumstance of the image and method of action.

Questions and tasks for self-control

1. What is called an adverb?

2. How does an adverb differ from other significant parts of a sentence?

3. Name the categories of adverbs by meaning.

4. What features characterize predicative adverbs?

5. How do predicative adverbs differ from equally sounding adverbs?

What short neuter adjectives are there?

6. How are adverbs formed in modern Russian?

7. What adverbs are written together?

8. What adverbs and adverbial combinations are written separately?

9. What adverbs are written with a hyphen?

10. In what adverbs are k and nc written?

11. How are adverbs ending in hissing written?

12. In what adverbs with prefixes is written a at the end, in ka-

Functional parts of speech

Prepositions

§ 111. General characteristics of the preposition

The preposition is service part speech that

indicates the grammatical dependence of the substantive

different from other words and expresses different relative

communication between them in sentences and phrases.

These relationships are very diverse:

1) spatial (from, to, from, on, around)

lo, near, behind, from under): My childhood passed by the Black Sea

I studied and lived in Moscow, worked on the Bug,

basked on the Volga. (M. Lis.);

2) temporary (from, from, to, in, during, in pro-

due): During the night, invitees arrived.

3) causal (due to, due to, as a result of, due to)

du): And the old man doesn’t seem to listen out of habit.

4) target (for, for the sake of, in the name of): He

I didn’t fight for glory. (Tward.);

5) comparative (s. like, like):

The fontanel is just the size of a child’s palm. (R.R.);

6) objective (about, by, pro. for. in, on. with, about): When-

then in the young heart the dream of happiness sang loudly.

Prepositions convey relationships not by themselves, but in

connection with significant words. Depending on

depending on the meaning of the word with which the preposition is used,

one and the same preposition can express different relations

solutions (go in the morning - go from class - go from

joy - to go with a friend; spoke with excitement

I coped with my anxiety.) In turn, different

prepositions can express the same relationships (with

this creates whole synonymous series): pro-

wandering (near the shore, near the shore, near

shore, near the shore, near the shore, next to the shore),

causal (due to illiteracy, due to illiteracy

ness. due to illiteracy, due to illiteracy

due to illiteracy, due to lack of

power), etc.

Prepositions can clarify the meaning of indirect forms

cases (on the table - under the table - in the table - at the table), and

sometimes be the only formal indicators -

mi case (from depot - R. p., to depot - D. p., with de-

by - P. p; near the line - R. p., along the line - D. p., on the line -

NI - P. p.).

Most prepositions are combined with one

with R. p. - from, to, from. because of, without, for the sake of, around, around,

by, during, in continuation, as a consequence, etc.;

with D. p. - to, thanks to, in agreement with, contrary to, towards

chu, contrary, etc.;

with V. p. - about, through, through, after, despite and

with T. p. - above, before (before), in connection with, etc.;

with P. p. - at.

Some prepositions are used with two or even

three cases:

with R. and T. p. - between (between): between the rocks, between the slopes

with V. and T. p. - behind, under: beyond the river, beyond the river; under the table,

under the table;

with V. and P. p. - in, on, about (about): in the garden, in the garden; to the lake,

on the lake; about the earth, about the earth;

with R., V. and T. p. - with: from the mountain, from the mountain, from the mountain;

sD., V.i.p. - by: walking along the shore, water. according to

Leno, telegraph upon arrival.

The preposition po in Russian is used with the form

mami dative case nouns for expression

knowledge of spatial relations (sail along rivers,

walk through virgin soil), objective (missing your mother, su-

based on the results), causal (absent

due to illness, say by mistake). Expressing temporary

relations, the preposition by combines with nouns

singular in the form of the prepositional case (by

graduation from the institute, upon arrival at the place of appointment

meanings), and with plural nouns -

in the dative case (work in the evenings, leave-

press on weekends).

In the Belarusian language the preposition pa, corresponding to

in Russian, with plural nouns

number always requires the prepositional case (cf.: swim

along the rivers - swim and laugh. to be sad for relatives -

sumavat for relatives), and with nouns the same

of the real number - predominantly (cf.: walk along

garden - walk in sadze, talk on the phone - gava-

knight on the phone; but: build according to the project - will-

let's go to the project).

Prepositions on, in, expressing spatial

relations, in Russian the prepositions s are antonymous,

from (to go to Ukraine - to come from Ukraine, by-

to go to Belarus - to come from Belarus). IN

in the Belarusian language it is used to express

of these relations there is only one preposition - z, therefore in

Russian speech of Belarusians is sometimes observed to be incorrect

correct use of the preposition with instead of (they say: true-

back from vacation, back from school, we are from Belarus

Instead of returning from vacation, we came from school. from

Written with a hyphen:

1. Adverbs with the prefix po-, formed from adjectives and pronouns and ending in -oom, -emu, -ki, -i, for example: still, in your opinion, in German, fox-like.

Notes

1. The prefix is ​​written together in adverbs formed from short adjectives and from pronouns: in vain, because, etc.

2. The colloquial adverb in Latin and the technical term na-mountain are written with a hyphen.

3. If an adverb with a prefix is ​​formed from compound adjective with a hyphen spelling, then the hyphen is written only after the prefix: social-democratic (cf. social-democratic), etc.

2. Adverbs with the prefix v- (vo-), formed from ordinal words, for example: firstly, thirdly.

3. Adverbs formed by repeating the stem and combining synonymous or associated words, for example: barely, a long time ago, unexpectedly, at the very least.

Exercise 216. Explain the spelling of adverbs. Words whose spelling was previously poorly understood or completely unknown, write them down in dictionaries and try to remember them.

Close, close, back and forth, apparently, invisible, secondly, firstly, just about, lastly, fifthly, just, thirdly, fourthly, a long time ago, far away far away, day after day, for a long time, barely, barely, after all, criss-cross, little by little, on the mountain, unexpectedly, not today or tomorrow, in English, in combat , in a Bolshevik way, in your way, in a spring way, apparently, in a military way, in a wolf way, kindly, in a friendly way, in a foolish way, in a winter way, in a snake way, in a different way, according to - Cossack, communist, Latin, summer, fox, human, completely, bearish, in my opinion, truly, ours, German, new , in a special way, in an autumnal way, as before, in a bird's way, in an empty way, in a Russian way, in their own way, in a nightingale way, in a social democratic way, in a student way, in your way, in a Turkish way, according to -Turkmen, in Uzbek, in non-commissioned officer, in French, in turtle, simply, from the bay-floundering, weakly-weakly, quietly-quietly, quietly-quietly, exactly, tightly-tightly, back and forth, at the very least, black and black, a little bit.

Exercise 217. Rewrite, opening the parentheses.

1. Alexander Mikhailovich (long ago) retired a long time ago. (T.) 2. The underground was concerned, (firstly) with the fate of its comrades in prisons, (secondly) with the growing events in the villages of Podluzhye and, (c) thirdly, with the need for communication with the white barracks. (Bakhm.) 3. Each puddle underfoot crunched (in) its own way. (Smirn.) 4. “The Lieutenant General (is) about to return,” said the lieutenant colonel. (Sim.) 5. Time then already (slightly), just a little, began to turn towards a lull in arrests. (Sim.) 6. In the courtyard, where it is quiet (like) night, Katya’s figure moves quickly. (Trif.) 7. Time is running, like water, (quietly) quietly and unnoticeably. (Trif.) 8. Stepan Ivanovich once again looked at his new comrades. (Apparently) experienced underground fighters. (Koptel.) 9. Krzhizhanovsky, his closest friend, wrote that the police officer allowed him to come to Shushenskoye. Amazing! The first guest is (specially) dear and pleasant! (Koptel.)

Exercise 218. Re-saw, opening the brackets.

1. All that remained for the vicars was to get away from certain prison and hard labor as quickly as possible (yes) in good health. (Hertz.) 2. “Come (out) here (to get) well,” - as if everything had already been decided, (c) a friend calmly said Anatoly. (Dem.) 3. The night was (like) autumn dark. The thin moon overturned over the rocks of the mountainous shore, and their jagged edge, illuminated from behind, emerged as a bizarre serpentine stripe. (Polev.) 4. In any case, if Budulai and Claudia (still) had not met each other, then through Vanya they had already managed to learn a lot about each other that they did not know before. (Kalin.) 5. There were no tickets, but the administrator, having learned that the comrade general needed (only) one seat, but certainly (for) today, wrote him a pass to the directorate box. (Sim.) 6. (C) the conversation began about collective farm news. The store manager stubbornly strives to speak (in) Turkmen, but Ataniyaz just as stubbornly interrupts him, forcing him to speak (in) Russian so that I don’t act like a fool. And yet they sometimes forget about me and all three of them begin to speak briskly (in) their own way. (Trif.) 7. Father shook his head and stopped asking questions. And Shurka was the first (really) afraid for Yashka. What will happen to them, to the Rooster and his sister, if their mother (and) friend dies? (Smirn.) 8. “Exactly. And (by) God and (by) simple, (by) human, all this is ours, not someone else’s,” Nikita Aladin (confidently) firmly concluded. (Smirn.) 9. Svetka and Kostya - he was then in his last year - very soon found themselves defeated. But they were not at all offended - (on) the contrary, Anatoly’s victory brought them closer, and they (like) students began to look up to him (from below). (Dem.) 10. Laughed loudly, with all my heart, (to the point of) tears in my eyes, at the funny remarks of Yakov Borisych. With gentle condescension, even kindness, as if he were the first to see a person in him, he said to Vygodsky: “You, Kolya, try to treat life at least a little like an adult.” (Dem.)

The peculiarity of the adverb in the Russian language is that this part of speech has no conjugation and does not change according to gender, case and number. The spelling of adverbs depends on several factors, each of which is described in this article. In addition, there are available examples for each rule, as well as exceptions to them.

Features of spelling adverbs

Adverb in Russian- this is an independent part of speech that does not change in numbers, gender and cases and has no conjugation. In phrases it can be adjacent to other adverbs, verbs, adjectives and nouns. The spelling of adverbs depends on the method of their formation and which syllable is stressed in the word.

Integrated and separate writing of adverbs

Table Integrated and separate writing of adverbs includes rules, examples and exceptions.

They write together		Written separately
Adverbs formed from adverbs, pronouns or adjectives using prefixes	Completely, forever, why, because, rashly, completely, manually, directly	Adverbs with prepositions formed from words that begin with a vowel	In the morning, in the open, crazy
Adverbs formed from nouns not used in modern speech	To pieces, to pieces, to the ground, early in the morning	Adverbs formed from prepositions without, before, with, under and nouns	On the run, without holding back, to the fullest, in a big way Exceptions: completely, to the bottom, to the top, from time to time, foolishly, shoulder-to-shoulder, in a row, sometimes
Adverbs with prefixes in-, on-, formed from collective numerals	Three, four, seven	Adverbs formed from collective numerals and prepositions By	Four at a time, a hundred at a time
Adverbs with the meaning of space and time	Forward, upward, first	If a noun as part of an adverb has retained its case form	On bail (on bail), under the armpits (under the armpit), on conscience (according to conscience)
Adverbs in which a noun cannot be questioned	Out loud, half way, in the morning	Adverbs in which a qualifying word can be added between the preposition and the noun	At a gallop (at full gallop), at a dead end (at a dead end in life)
Adverbs formed with a preposition V, particles floor and noun	Exceptions: half a face, half an apple, half an egg	Adverbs consisting of prepositions in, on and nouns with endings -ah(s)	In our hearts, in our heads, in joy Exceptions: in a hurry, in the dark, in a hurry

Hyphenated (semi-continuous) spelling of adverbs

The following adverbs are written with a hyphen:

• Formed from pronouns and full adjectives using a prefix in- (in Japanese, differently, in your way).
• Formed from ordinal numbers using a prefix in-(in-) (secondly, thirdly, fifthly).
• Adverbs with particles -something, -or, -that, still-, something- (from somewhere, someone, something).
• Complex adverbs formed by repeating the same word or two synonyms (little by little, a long time ago, a little bit).

Need to remember: on-mountain(term), exactly, side by side, one by one, because, therefore, therefore.

Writing suffixes at the end of adverbs

1. At the end of adverbs formed from full adjectives the following is written:

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• suffix -O after hard consonants (cold - cold, strong - strong, loud - loud);
• suffix -e after soft consonants (brilliantly - brilliantly, internally - internally, sincerely - sincerely).

2. At the end of adverbs after sibilants, in an unstressed position it is written -e (brighter, louder, stronger). Under stress - -o (hot, good, light). Exception - more.

3. At the end of adverbs formed from short adjectives it is written:

• suffix -O in-, behind-, on (to the left, again, for a long time);
• suffix -A, if the adverb has prefixes to-from-(-is), from-(co-) (from afar, to the right, completely).

4. At the end of adverbs after sibilants h And w is written ь (jump, backhand, all over). Exceptions: wide open, already, married, unbearable.

Spelling NOT and NOR with adverbs

NOT written together with adverbs in the following cases:

• if the adverb is without NOT not used (inconspicuous, unbearable, impossible);
• if adverb with NOT can be replaced by a synonymous adverb without negation (not bad - good, inexpensive - cheap, slightly - weak);
• If NOT is under stress (no need to do it, no time to call, nowhere to get it).

NI written together with adverbs only in unstressed position and used with a second negation (I’ll never finish, I won’t be able to cope with anything, I won’t be surprised by anything).

The topic “Spelling adverbs” is studied in Russian language lessons in 7th grade.

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