Located on Sretenka, this church seemed to be in a lowland: from the street you have to go down the stairs to get to it, a significant difference in heights is clearly visible - an excellent illustration of how the cultural layer has “grown” over 350 years! But this temple is famous not only for its age, but also for its direct connection with the Sukharev Tower, which was located next door until 1934.

The temple was mentioned in sources for the first time in 1635 as a wooden one. Its popular nickname - in Listy - is not accidental: the typographers who lived in the neighborhood used handicraft methods to create popular prints on sheets of paper, which they sold here, hanging their goods on the church fence along Sretenka. However, first of all, the Trinity Church cared for the Streltsy regiment, stationed next to the Sretensky Gate. The local road was of particular importance for Moscow: it led from the capital to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery and therefore was called “royal” in the 17th century, since the royal family traveled along it to the famous monastery on pilgrimage.

It was the archers who were the main builders of the stone temple in 1655–1661. From the order of the Great Treasury they were given 150,000 bricks, and later they were also granted utensils and the royal doors captured in Belarus as a trophy during the war with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - this was a gift to the archers from Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich for the capture of Stepan Razin. Subsequently, many renovations and expansions in the temple took place on the occasion of new achievements of the Streltsy regiment. So, in 1680, after returning from the successful Chigirin campaign, a refectory with a chapel of the Intercession was built, and in 1689, Peter I, for the capture of Fyodor Shaklovity, granted the archers 700 rubles to repair church domes. But the greatest merit belonged to the Streltsy Colonel Lavrentiy Sukharev, who in August of the same 1689 was the first of the Moscow colonels to send his Streltsy to protect Peter I at the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, which decided the outcome of the political struggle of that time. The young tsar generously rewarded Sukharev for his loyalty, and a special sign of the royal attention was the construction of a new stone Sretensky Gate with a tower, which in honor of the colonel became known as Sukharevskaya.

The temple was built according to the cathedral type: squat, but at the same time wide and spacious. In general, the decor of the facades is very austere; only the entrance portals from the north and south, decorated with white stone carvings, add variety. Initially, a bell tower was adjacent to the temple on the western side, but in the 1780s it was dismantled, and instead a separate one was built on the southeast along the red line of Sretenka.

In addition to the main Trinity altar and the Intercession chapel, there was also a chapel in the refectory in honor of John of Damascus. This dedication was chosen in honor of the patron saint of his son by a local resident, Pankraty Kolosov, a manufacturer who owned a weaving factory in the nearby Bolshoi Sukharevsky Lane. In 1774, at his expense, a new refectory was built, which has survived to this day, and a little later it was allowed to create a new chapel. Later, however, it was reconsecrated in the name of Metropolitan Alexy.

Vladimir Gilyarovsky recalled the sexton of the Trinity Church in Listy and his tobacco: “The best tobacco that was in fashion was called “Pink.” It was made by a sexton who lived in the courtyard of the Trinity-Leaf Church and died as a hundred-year-old man. This tobacco was sold through a window in one of the tiny shops that settled deep into the ground under a church building on Sretenka. After his death, several bottles of tobacco and a recipe were left..." The recipe is given in full on the pages of the famous book “Moscow and Muscovites”.

In 1931, the rector of the church, Archpriest Vladimir Strakhov (the last rector of the Moscow Theological Academy), was arrested, after which services stopped. After some time, the chapters were dismantled, then the bell tower was completely destroyed, a refectory was built on a second floor, and the entire space was divided into floors and rooms occupied by sculpture workshops. During the construction of the metro in 1972, the walls became covered with cracks and the building almost collapsed. Only in the 1980s, after restoration, the outside of the temple began to look almost like it did before the revolution. And since 1991, in parallel with the restoration process inside the temple, there has been a gradual revival of divine services within its walls. In the early 2000s, the work was completed, and the bell tower was also recreated.

In 2017, near the Trinity Church in Listy, during the opening of the road surface of Sretenki Street, opposite house No. 28, an inspection water well belonging to the Mytishchi water supply system was discovered at a depth of one meter. Experts believe that the well was installed in the 1820s–1830s, when the first modernization of Moscow’s oldest water supply system, built in the 18th century, began. The well was transferred for temporary storage to the Museum of Moscow. It is planned to be exhibited in an urban environment, not far from the discovery site, which will be one of the first examples of the placement of individual archaeological finds in the space of modern Moscow.

Based on the find, a full range of restoration work was carried out. The head of the well, made of sandstone blocks, was cleaned of various contaminants, rust stains were chemically weakened, cracks and peelings were strengthened, and hydrophobization was carried out. The cast iron well cover was cleaned of corrosion products and contaminants, the corrosion was stabilized, and painted.

In 2018, the Mytishchi water supply well became a laureate of the Moscow Government competition "Moscow Restoration" in the "young restorers" category.

Photo from the 1890s.

The temple was located near the Sretensky Gate of the Zemlyanoy City. Based on its origin, it can be called Streltsy, since it was built in Streletskaya Sloboda by Streltsy loyal to the Tsar. The path to the Trinity-Sergeev Lavra passed through the temple, which is why it was dedicated to the Holy Trinity. The distinctive name “on the Sheets,” according to the most common version, comes from popular prints, amusing sheets, which were exhibited around the fence of the Trinity Church by printers from a neighboring settlement.

Photo from the early 1900s. View of the Sukharev Tower from Trinity in Listy.

The names of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Patriarch Nikon are associated with the construction of the temple. In 1657, 150 thousand bricks were loaned from the Order of the Grand Palace for its construction, which were later granted by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich “without refund” in gratitude for “catching and bringing the rebel Stenka Razin to Moscow.” And for the successful participation of the archers in military campaigns, the royal doors, icons and utensils were presented to the church. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich had such zeal for this church that he not only contributed to the completion of its construction, but also supervised it himself. Patriarch Nikon consecrated the laying of the foundation and the already built temple in 1661.

Photo from 2009 from the temple website.

The temple was built by the Streltsy and consecrated by Patriarch Nikon in 1661. The name “sheets” came from the printers who lived nearby, who produced popular prints, which were then called sheets. Printers then sold them near the Trinity Church, hanging its fence with sheets.

In 1704, by decree of Peter I, the temple was given the status of the Admiralty and parish Sukharev Tower. In 1671, a refectory was built, in 1678 - a chapel of the Intercession of the Mother of God, a bell tower - in 1788, a chapel of St. Alexis - in 1805. The temple is a monument to the Trinity, Vilna, Nizovsky, Chigirinsky Streltsy campaigns. Within its walls the memory of Tsars Alexei and Feodor, Emperors Peter I and Alexander III, Patriarchs Nikon and Joachim, and Metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov) is immortalized.

The temple was closed in the 30s, beheaded, and the bell tower was dismantled in 1957. Divine services were resumed in 1991.

The main altar is consecrated in honor of the Holy Trinity, the chapels - in honor of the Intercession of the Mother of God and St. Alexis, Metropolitan of Moscow.

The wooden church has been known since 1635 as a cemetery church. The stone church was built by the archers in 1661, the refectory in 1680. The bell tower was rebuilt in 1788. Thrones: Trinity of the Life-Giving, Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Alexia, Metropolitan Moscow. In the same 17th century, the modest Trinity Church experienced its most fateful times. Since 1651, Moscow archers lived here under the command of Colonel Vasily Pushechnikov. Streltsy were then settled near Zemlyanoy Val to guard the borders of Moscow and the passage gates to the city. So the archers of this regiment became parishioners of the local Trinity Church, and this wooden church received the official status of a regimental church. Of course, the military parishioners wanted to have a stone temple. At that time, Moscow was made of wood, and getting your own stone church was, although honorable, but difficult. The Sretensky archers received the stone for their temple for military service: having distinguished themselves in the Smolensk campaign, they received more than 100 thousand royal bricks, branded with a double-headed eagle. There were not enough of them, construction dragged on for years. Since 1704, by decree of Peter I, the temple was given the status of the Admiralty and parish Sukharev Tower. In 1774, at the expense of brocade manufacturer P.V. Kolosov, the Pokrovsky chapel was rebuilt, in the end. XVIII century a second chapel appeared - St. John of Damascus, soon reconsecrated in 1805 in the name of St. Alexis, Metropolitan of Moscow. At the same time, in 1788, the old one was demolished and a new bell tower was built. In 1857, through the efforts of Archpriest Pavel Sokolov, the refectory was rebuilt, the interior decoration of the temple was updated - new iconostases, wall paintings, and wooden floors appeared. This work was highly appreciated by Metropolitan of Moscow Filaret (Drozdov), expressing gratitude to the priest and artist A.M. Varlamov.
The temple was closed in 1931 due to the arrest of priest N.I. Yakushev, the domes were demolished. In the 1930s At first, a dormitory for tram drivers was located there, and then sculpture workshops; in 1957, the bell tower was blown up. Restorers began working on the temple in 1972; by 1990, the temple had acquired its original appearance of the 17th century. In 1991, the temple was consecrated. In 1998, a cast iron fence was erected. The bell tower was restored. The church operates: a Sunday school, a parish library, and a group for helping the elderly. Discussions are being held.

hram-troizy.narod.ruarchi.ru/events/news/news_current_press.html?nid=2097&f...drevo.pravbeseda.ru/index.php?v=10904

The church on the corner of Sretenka and the Garden Ring appeared in the 17th century at the intersection of the Trinity Road - the main pilgrimage route to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and the peripheral defensive line of Skorodoma-Zemlyany Town. Sretenka Street became part of the Trinity Road, after here in 1395 Muscovites met the Vladimir Icon, which saved Moscow from Khan Timur, and founded the Sretensky Monastery in memory of that meeting. The wooden Trinity Church, known since 1632, was first a cemetery, because then, according to custom, Muscovites were buried at their parish churches, and local residents were buried in its graveyard. The dedication of the Trinity Church is explained by the fact that it was founded on the Trinity Road, along which pilgrims went to venerate the Holy Trinity at the St. Sergius Monastery. The now obscure nickname “in the Sheets” appeared much later than the temple. Since the end of the 16th century, the sovereign's printers, workers of the Sovereign Printing House, founded by Ivan the Terrible nearby, on Nikolskaya Street, lived in a suburban settlement on Sretenka. The Pechatniki left the name of Sretensky Pechatnikov Lane and the nickname of their parish Assumption Church “in Pechatniki,” which still stands on the corner of Sretenka and Rozhdestvensky Boulevard. According to legend, one of the 30 pieces of silver that were paid to Judas for betraying Christ was kept in it.

Printers made not only books at the Sovereign's courtyard, but also engravings, and especially beloved by the people, painted popular prints, called sheets, with scenes from sacred, Russian and ancient history or satirical ones, on the topic of the day. They were made handicraft, at home, that is, not on Nikolskaya, but on Sretenka, and the printers themselves sold them nearby - near the Trinity Church, hanging sheets of paper on its large fence as an exhibition stand. These pictures not only amused the people - they were bought to decorate the house, hung on the walls and admired. At first they were called not lubok, but sheets and simple sheets, made relatively simply and for the common people. Only in the 19th century, Moscow historian I. Snegirev called them lubok, probably based on the method of production: the image of the future picture was first cut out on a lub, a soft linden board, and then printed from it. This required printing technology and the skill of the sovereign's printers, who lived near the Trinity Church. Although Sretenka was a continuation of Nikolskaya - the “street of enlightenment”, it was not famous for its special aristocracy, but became the craft and trade center of Moscow. That's why V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko called it Moscow Montmartre. Butchers, carpenters, rag makers, shoemakers, gunners, furriers and representatives of other working professions settled here, densely covering Sretenka with a cobweb of its famous alleys. By the way, in one of them, Kolokolnikovovo, there was F.D.’s bell factory. Motorin - the same one who made the Kremlin Tsar Bell. However, the famous master not only cast his bells here, but also sold kvass in his own shop on Sretenka. Apparently, the bargaining somehow fit particularly into this area.

In the same 17th century, the modest Trinity Church experienced its most fateful times. Since 1651, Moscow archers lived here under the command of Colonel Vasily Pushechnikov. Streltsy were then settled near Zemlyanoy Val to guard the borders of Moscow and the passage gates to the city. So the archers of this regiment became parishioners of the local Trinity Church, and this wooden church received the official status of a regimental church. Of course, the military parishioners wanted to have a stone temple. At that time, Moscow was made of wood, and getting your own stone church was, although honorable, but difficult. The Sretensky archers obtained stone for their temple through military exploits: having distinguished themselves in the Smolensk campaign, they received more than 100 thousand royal bricks, branded with a double-headed eagle. There weren’t enough of them, construction dragged on for years, until an event happened that shook Russia, and the echo of this shock was echoed in Moscow. In 1671, Pushechnikov’s archers went on a campaign to the Volga to suppress the rebellion of Stepan Razin and returned with the captured chieftain. For the capture and bringing to Moscow of the hated Stenka, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich gave the archers another 150 thousand bricks - they were used to build the walls of the temple, which became a monument to this victory. Finally, for yet another valor shown in the Chigirin campaign of 1678, the Streltsy received the opportunity to build a chapel in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, and the sovereign presented the Streltsy church with icons and utensils. Then a significant story happened. The temple was built during the period of the ban on hipped-roof architecture, when Patriarch Nikon ordered a return to traditional Byzantine architecture. The Streltsy conscientiously erected their regimental church in the old way, in the form of a five-domed cross-domed church, as Nikon demanded. However, even this completely traditional temple aroused the displeasure of the patriarch. The fact is that he himself issued a charter for the construction of the temple, which indicated the exact dimensions of the temple, but the archers deviated from the given norm so that the temple would be more spacious. The angry patriarch ordered the foundation to be “swept away” and the headman and his family to be excommunicated from the Church for 10 years. Perhaps Patriarch Nikon thus asserted the priority of spiritual power over secular power, because this was the regimental temple of the sovereign archers. One way or another, the headman soon died a brave death in battle, and the excommunication was lifted from the hero’s family. And the archers resorted to an innocent technical trick - for the “legitimate” temple they still used the old, already laid foundation, managing to erect a smaller building on its basis. And then, at the stone walls of the Trinity Church, a new drama of Russian history played out, again favorably influencing its fate: Peter I also thanked his faithful servants by renovating this church.

In 1689, after a fire, the dome of the temple cracked and again required expensive repairs. The local rifle regiment was already headed by a new commander - Colonel Lavrenty Sukharev. It was he who built a church in those parts in the name of St. Pancras, the heavenly patron of his father, from which now only the name of the local Pankratievsky Lane remains. In that year 1689, the break between Emperor Peter and Princess Sophia reached its climax. In August, Sophia prepared a new Streletsky revolt, dreaming of overthrowing her younger brother from the throne, and attracted the head of the Streletsky Prikaz, Fyodor Shaklovity, to her side. On behalf of the princess, he announced to the Streltsy colonels that Peter intended to Germanize Rus', change his faith, kill his co-ruler brother John and all the Streltsy loyal to the Fatherland. As a result, the Streltsy forces decided to go to Preobrazhenskoye. And only a few archers warned Peter, secretly sending messengers to him, and at night the sovereign managed to gallop off to the Trinity Lavra. The next day, his mother and wife arrived there, the amusing regiments and all the forces loyal to Peter gathered together, among which was the only Streltsy regiment of Sukharev, who arrived at the Lavra in full force. And then the Sukharevites helped catch the traitor Fyodor Shaklovity. Having brutally dealt with all the conspirators, Peter generously thanked the faithful colonel and his valiant archers with two deeds. Firstly, he gave 700 rubles for the repair of the Trinity Church, and in 1699 it became a church, that is, it received support from the treasury. The royal favors did not end there.

To commemorate and perpetuate the feat of the Streltsy regiment, Peter ordered the construction of the famous Sukharev Tower. Now historians have some doubts about this traditional version. Among other possible reasons for its construction, they name this: having saved himself in the Holy Trinity Monastery, Peter decided in this way to commemorate his deliverance from the danger that threatened him, and to make a luxurious monumental entrance to the city in the Dutch style on the Moscow road that led to the Lavra. The enormous height of the tower (more than 60 m) emphasized the status of the Russian capital and was at that time the largest work of civil architecture in Moscow. Muscovites nicknamed her the bride of Ivan the Great - both for her “relative” height, and for the fact that the globe of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, previously kept in the main Kremlin bell tower, was transferred to her, as if as a gift. However, the tower became a close “relative” of the Trinity Church in Listy. The tower began to be called Sukhareva later, and at that time it was called Sretenskaya. From the very beginning of its appearance, it gave rise to many different legends. One of them says that the architectural drawing of the famous tower was drawn up by Peter I himself, although its actual author was Mikhail Choglokov, who may have built it according to Peter’s instructions and the sovereign’s sketches. According to scientists, the tower was built not just on the model of Western European town halls, but like a symbolic ship with a mast: its eastern side meant the bow of the ship, the western - the stern, all this could well have come from Peter’s plan. Like the Kremlin towers (Spasskaya and Troitskaya), it was decorated with a clock, and its head was crowned with a double-headed eagle, but not the traditional one: its powerful paws were surrounded by arrows, possibly meaning lightning. According to legend, the day before Napoleon entered Moscow, a hawk with its paws entangled in ropes appeared from somewhere above the Sukharev Tower: it caught on the wings of an eagle, struggled for a long time, trying to free itself, but, exhausted, died. The people interpreted this as a sign that Bonaparte would also become entangled in the wings of the Russian eagle. But this was still far from happening. In the meantime, Peter I determined a new fate for the Trinity Church. The destinies of the church and the Sukharev Tower were intertwined in the most unexpected way.

At first, the tower premises were occupied by guard archers of the Sukharevsky regiment. Peter remained grateful only to him. Having finally hated the Streltsy after another riot at the very end of the 17th century, he completely liquidated the Streltsy regiments. They were disbanded, and in the Sukharev Tower, Jacob Bruce, by decree of Peter, founded the first astronomical observatory. Most importantly, in 1701, the famous Mathematical and Navigation School, or simply the Navigation School, opened in the Sukharev Tower: not only the first higher specialized educational institution in Russia, but also the first naval school, the predecessor of the St. Petersburg Maritime Academy. Indeed, at the time when the Navigation School was created, there was no northern capital yet, although only two years remained before its foundation. And the first center for training Russian sailors was Moscow. The creation of a naval school in Russia was the idea fixe of Peter, who wanted to train and recruit all his land nobility into naval service, dreaming of making Russia a great maritime power. “If a country has an army, it has one arm, and if it has a navy, it has two arms,” said Peter. The navigation school had the goal of training a variety of naval specialists: from sailors and navigators to competent clerks of the Admiralty offices. Children of all classes, except serfs, could enter it, and poor schoolchildren even received “feed money.” At the same time, everyone studied in the lower classes, and only the most talented ones studied in the higher “seafaring” or “navigation” classes, where they trained shipwrights and navigators, since it was very difficult to study here.

First of all, the exact sciences taught were difficult: arithmetic, trigonometry, astronomy, geodesy, geography, navigation. The “Number Course” was taught here by Leonty Magnitsky himself, the author of the first Russian mathematics textbook, which Lomonosov called “the gates of learning” and about which the author himself said in verse with pride: “Zane has gathered all the mind and rank / Natural Russian, not German.” Foreigners invited by Peter also taught here, but soon, thanks to this school, the Russians became quite comfortable on the water on their own. And it was not even the burden of the teaching, and not the very harsh discipline, but precisely the subsequent fate that brought melancholy to many of the forcibly assembled students of the Navigation School. The young “juniors” dreamed of any land service, fearing that here they were being trained “for the role of drowned people.” Peter demanded that all children of boyars and nobles study maritime affairs, and noble parents tried to rid their offspring of this as a recruiting task, although they were mercilessly fined for every absence of their beloved child. Then the sovereign ordered that anyone who evaded go to drive piles on the banks of the Neva, where a new capital was being built. Things got funny. Once, a whole crowd of dejected nobles enrolled in the Zaikonospassky religious school in order to at least escape from the Navigation school. They were nevertheless sent to drive piles at the Moika River. They said that one day Admiral Apraksin, who was passing by, saw these “hard workers,” took off his uniform and joined them. Surprised Peter asked why he was doing this? “Sir, these are all my relatives, grandchildren and nephews,” he answered, hinting at his noble origin. Talented graduates were sent to complete their studies abroad, and then immediately sent to the Baltic Fleet. One of them was Konon Zotov, the son of the same Nikita Zotov who taught young Peter to read and write under a shady oak tree in Kolomenskoye. The first address of the Navigation School in Moscow was the English Courtyard on Varvarka. Then she moved from the cramped chambers to the Zamoskvoretsky Kadashi on the Sovereign Linen Courtyard, and from there to the Sukharev Tower, where she soon found herself connected by close ties with the neighboring Trinity Church. The fact is that in 1704, by a personal royal decree, the Trinity Church was given the official status of the Admiralty: it was designated the Admiralty Church of Moscow (under the Admiralty Order) and the parish for the Navigation School and all the inhabitants of the Sukharev Tower. Thus, it was the first home church of Russian sailors, the first naval church in Moscow and the predecessor of such St. Petersburg churches as the Admiralty Cathedral in the name of St. Spyridon and St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral on the Kryukov Canal. The Navigation School itself was initially subject to the administrative jurisdiction of the Armory Chamber, and then, by royal decree, transferred to the Admiralty Prikaz, created in 1700 under the leadership of Apraksin. In 1715, the Navigation School was transferred to St. Petersburg, where, of course, there were more favorable conditions for studying maritime affairs, and Admiralty units remained in the Sukharev Tower, and the Admiralty Collegium was in charge of it. Until 1806, the presence of the Moscow office of the Admiralty Collegium was located here. In addition, the Moscow school under the leadership of Magnitsky, which was a preparatory school for the St. Petersburg Maritime Academy, was preserved here. Therefore, the Trinity Church still remained the Admiralty Church, where all Russian sailors were remembered and honored. In 1752, the school in the Sukharev Tower was closed. But even after that, the Moscow people continued to cover the Sukharev Tower with legends. They assured, for example, that it was here that the head of the Secret Expedition, Stepan Sheshkovsky, on the orders of Catherine II, interrogated the enlightener N.I. Novikov, who published Radishchev’s famous book about the journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. In fact, this happened at Lubyanka, where the Secret Expedition was located. Catherine's era partly influenced the Trinity Church: at the end of the 1780s it had a new bell tower, placed on the eastern side in violation of the canons. This was caused by the empress’s decree on the red lines of Moscow streets, according to which all buildings had to stand in a row. And in the 19th century, the Trinity Church, through the efforts of the rector, Archpriest Pavel Sokolov, was so splendidly renovated that the priest and artists received personal gratitude from St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow. At that time, opposite the temple there was already a Sheremetev hospital with its own Trinity Church. Russian officers were treated there after the Patriotic War of 1812. Then another legacy of 1812 appeared - the Sukharevsky market, which probably gained worldwide fame.

Sukharevka crowned the centuries-old tradition of local bargaining. And before, peasants traded here with carts of all sorts of village things, so as not to pay customs duties for entering Moscow. Sukharevka’s “father” was the Moscow mayor Count Rostopchin himself. After the war, when complete confusion with property reigned in burnt and looted Moscow, many rushed to look for their missing things. Rostopchin issued a decree that “all things, no matter where they are taken from, are the inalienable property of the one who currently owns them.” And he ordered them to be traded freely, but only on Sundays until dusk and only in the square near the Sukharev Tower. Soon Sukharevka, like Khitrovka, became a criminal hotspot in Moscow, where stolen goods were traded and, as is generally known, sold “for pennies.” Here one could also find valuable antiques, sold for pennies by sellers who had no idea of ​​their actual value. Pavel Tretyakov bought paintings by Dutch masters here; the “theatrical collection” of A. Bakhrushin began with Sukharevka, who acquired portraits of serf actors Count N.P. here. Sheremetev. For 2-3 rubles, authentic landscapes by A. Savrasov were sold here, who painted them especially for Sukharevka in the most desperate, tragic times of his life. Sukharevka also appeared on the pages of War and Peace - Pierre Bezukhov bought a pistol here, with which he wanted to kill Napoleon. Another local legacy of the Patriotic War was the newly built Sadovaya Street, laid along the border of Zemlyanoy Val. When restoring post-fire Moscow, it was decided, in order to streamline development and urban beauty, to create a ring street for festivities, Sadovaya, along the line of the former defensive fortification. The plan was sent from St. Petersburg. The street was 15 km long and could not be provided with adequate lighting or cleaning. Then the plan was changed and it was decided to build neat houses of the same type on Sadovaya, obliging their owners to create front gardens in the courtyards and, in general, to landscape the street as much as possible in order to justify its new name. The plan of the Moscow Sadovaya again turned out to be consistent with the classical traditions of the northern capital: the many kilometers of this street caused incredible difficulties in identifying its houses with police stations and for the formation of local church parishes. Then Sadovaya Street was divided into 29 independent street segments, to designate which the name of this section of it was added to the common name Sadovaya: Sadovo-Kudrinskaya, Sadovo-Spasskaya and, accordingly, the names of the squares.

Sukharevskaya Square remained Sukharevskaya for Muscovites. The Trinity Church also became famous for its trade, and in a rather unexpected way. In the second half of the 19th century, her old sexton made the best snuff in Moscow - after all, this very popular remedy was used to treat both headaches and runny nose. The sexton's tobacco was called "Pink", and when the recipe was discovered after the sexton's death, they marveled at it for a long time. “Rose” tobacco was a complex mixture of shag, ash from aspen stakes and fragrant rose oil, simmered in the oven. It was sold, of course, not in the church, but in one of the Sretensky shops. And in the house near the Sukharev Tower, which belonged to the Trinity Church, before the revolution, the Moscow Society of Aquarium and Houseplant Lovers was located, created on the initiative of the scientist-enthusiast N.F. Zolotnitsky. Vladimir Gilyarovsky became its honorary member. This society disseminated “ichthyological” knowledge among amateurs, held exhibitions in the Zoological Garden, and at them Zolotnitsky distributed free fish, simple aquariums and plants to poor schoolchildren. The future puppeteer Sergei Obraztsov studied with him during his high school years and became forever addicted to the aquarium business. After the revolution, the Trinity Church was not touched. The first eagle to fall here in 1919 was on the Sukharev Tower - much earlier than on the Kremlin towers. In December of the following 1920, Lenin signed a decree on the closure of the Sukharevsky market, teaching about the liquidation of that “Sukharevsky”, “which lives in the soul and actions of every small owner,” while the Sukharevsky market itself lives. But the New Economic Policy immediately struck, and the Sukharevsky market, renamed Novosukharevsky, was decorated with shopping pavilions designed by the famous constructivist architect K.S. Melnikov, becoming the largest trader in Nepman Moscow. The Sukharev Tower was also lucky at first. In 1926, the Moscow Communal Museum was established there, and the prominent Moscow historian P.V. became its director. Sytin. This museum was the predecessor of the Museum of the History of Moscow. The temple continued to live its own life, no longer in any way connected with its neighbors. In the spring of 1919, the holy martyr Archimandrite Hilarion Troitsky, who had just been released from prison after his arrest, and the future last abbot of Sretensky Monastery, settled in the apartment of the priest of the Trinity Church Vladimir Strakhov. Father Vladimir was his longtime acquaintance. In the early 1920s, another priest, John Krylov, served in the Trinity Church. Already in prison, the arrested pastor prepared for holy baptism one Tatar who wanted to convert to Christianity. Having no other opportunity to perform the sacrament, the priest baptized him in the shower... The funeral service for the famous Moscow archpriest Valentin Sventsitsky was held in Trinity Church. At first he did not accept the Declaration of Metropolitan Sergius, but then he repented and before his death he wrote him a letter of repentance asking for forgiveness and a return to the fold of the Church. The response telegram with forgiveness became the last earthly joy of the dying shepherd. Having said: “That’s when I acquired peace and joy for my soul,” he died quietly, and his funeral service was held in the very Trinity Church where he once performed his first service. And then tragic events occurred almost simultaneously.

In 1931, the Trinity Church, which seemed to protect this old Moscow town, was closed. Then the Sukharevsky market was demolished. In 1934, the sad turn of the Sukharev Tower came, which “interfered” with traffic along the Garden Ring highway. In official letters to the government, the most eminent scientists and honored cultural figures I.E. Grabar, I.V. Zholtovsky, A.V. Shchusev, K.F. Yuon justified the need to preserve this monument and proposed other quite effective solutions to the transport problem of Sukharevskaya Square. The public’s pleas were in vain, since, as Kaganovich put it, in architecture the “fierce class struggle” simply continued. Everything was useless, because Stalin wanted that destruction. “It must be demolished and the movement expanded,” he wrote to Kaganovich. “Architects who object to demolition are blind and hopeless.” And the leader expressed confidence that “Soviet people will be able to create more majestic and memorable examples of architectural creativity than the Sukharev Tower.” In June 1934, the Sukharev Tower was demolished. An eyewitness to this crime, Gilyarovsky, wrote heartbreaking lines in a letter to his daughter: “They are breaking her!” According to legend, Lazar Kaganovich, who was present at the demolition, allegedly saw a tall old man in an old camisole and wig, who shook his finger at him and disappeared... In November 1934, after collectivization, a monumental honor board of collective farms of the Moscow region was installed with pomp on Sukharevskaya Square. In honor of this event, Sukharevskaya Square was renamed Kolkhoznaya. It bore this name until 1990. The Trinity Church, given over first to a dormitory for tram employees, and then to sculpture workshops, again found itself on an extremely important road - the road of socialism, namely: on the main capital's highway leading to VDNKh. The temple survived miraculously, only in 1957 the bell tower was blown up. Then it was saved by the architect Pyotr Baranovsky.

In 1972, an exit from the Kolkhoznaya metro station was built near the walls of the temple, and during work on the ancient building, dangerous cracks appeared. The temple was restored by the architect Baranovsky and his student Oleg Zhurin - the same one who in our time restored the Iverskaya Chapel and the Kazan Cathedral on Red Square. They managed to strengthen the temple. And soon, before the 1980 Olympics, they began to restore the appearance of the temple standing in the center of Moscow: it was completely decapitated, uglyly built on, no different in appearance from an ordinary old house, and resembled a barn. Then the architects removed all the Soviet extensions, restored the vaults, domes and domes, although, they say, V.V. Grishin himself encroached on the Trinity Church, wanting to demolish it altogether. And then Mosconcert made an attempt on her life in order to set up a concert hall with a museum in the temple building, but there was not enough money for the bold project. The return of the temple to believers took place in 1990. According to Oleg Zhurin, who restored the temple, he was like a man standing knee-deep in sand. For believing Muscovites, it is also gratifying that the Orthodox scientist, the late architect M.P. Kudryavtsev, the author of the brilliant work “Moscow - the Third Rome,” dedicated to Moscow medieval urban planning, took part in the restoration of the temple. Now the temple is returning to its former maritime traditions: every significant event in the life or history of the Russian fleet is celebrated under its arches. Services were held here in memory of the righteous warrior Admiral Fyodor Ushakov, canonized in August 2001, who has now become the patron saint of Russian sailors. The 200th anniversary of the birth of the famous admiral P.S. was also celebrated here. Nakhimov. All Russian sailors who died for their faith and Fatherland are remembered here. And in February 2004, the church celebrated the centenary of the heroic deed of the cruiser “Varyag” with a solemn prayer service.

The temple remains an ordinary parish church in Moscow, in which services, christenings, weddings, funerals, prayer services are held in their turn... Thus, in October 2005, the funeral service for the famous jazz musician Oleg Lundstrem was held there. Here, with the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II, members of the Russian scientific expedition headed to Ararat in search of Noah’s Ark received church farewell.

Elena Lebedeva http://worldwalk.info/ru/catalog/239/

May 4th, 2016

Total 42 photos

What’s interesting is that I never know exactly what I will write about in my journal, except, of course, for large-scale projects, for example, about large exhibitions that are prepared in advance. And this amazing, bright and sublime temple near the Sukharevskaya metro station has always made me want to photograph it and someday tell about it on my blog. And only now, returning, I suddenly remembered that in the first Easter week in all churches there is an opportunity to ring the bells and, at that very moment, I heard a strange and uncertain church ringing from the bell tower of this temple. No sooner said than done, I immediately adjusted my plans and went to the temple bell tower to ring the church bells with my own hands and personally announce the great and, not only, church holiday, which, by the way, I had never done in my life.

It turned out that this action had just ended, and from the bell tower there was already a slender, solid and rolling iridescent bell ringing. I didn’t listen to the women standing at the bell tower, who said that it was “like” “impossible” to go there, and I climbed the steep spiral metal staircase to the very top. The young bell ringer rang the bell with concentration, detachment and inspiration. The manager, who was right there, fairly tired, apparently tired of the persistent and specific Easter free “ringers,” waved his hands, making desperate negative gestures, saying that the ringing was already starting for the evening service. Realizing that it was clearly not possible to “ring”, I simply asked him for permission to take a couple of shots from the bell tower under the humming and swaying huge bass bells... And so, unobtrusively, this post about the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Listy was born. And the time, as they say, has come - to write about this church - obviously I had to do it right now, which is why you are reading it on May 4, 2016, since it is clearly relevant in terms of time)

I just want to note that the photographs accompanying the text were taken at very different times, at different times of the year and, also, using different photographic equipment... After all, it will probably be interesting to look at this temple in photographs over the past five years!?

The exact date of the start of construction of the stone church is unknown, but in 1657, construction of a stone one was already underway next to the wooden church. The Church has always been under the patronage of the kings of the Romanov dynasty and patriarchs. His Holiness Patriarch Nikon consecrated the foundation of this stone temple.
02.

The temple was built during the period of the ban on hipped-roof architecture, when Patriarch Nikon ordered a return to traditional Byzantine architecture. The Streltsy conscientiously erected their regimental church in the old way, in the form of a five-domed cross-domed church, as Nikon demanded. However, even this completely traditional temple aroused the displeasure of the patriarch. The fact is that he himself issued a charter for the construction of the temple, which indicated the exact dimensions of the temple, but the archers deviated from the given norm so that the temple would be more spacious.
03.

The angry patriarch ordered the foundation to be “swept away” and the headman and his family to be excommunicated from the Church for 10 years. Perhaps Patriarch Nikon asserted the priority of spiritual power over secular power, but this was the regimental temple of the sovereign archers. One way or another, the headman soon died a brave death in battle, and the excommunication was lifted from the hero’s family. And the archers resorted to an innocent technical trick - for the “legitimate” temple they still used the old, already laid foundation, managing to erect a smaller building on its basis.
04.

For the construction of the church in 1657, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich granted the archers 150 thousand bricks for the capture of Stepan Razin, and also allocated images, royal doors and a silver chalice taken from Orsha. The consecration of the temple took place with the participation of the same Patriarch Nikon in 1661.

Here, in the photo below, you can clearly see how the level of the city land has changed in comparison with the 16th-17th centuries.
05.

The church received the name “in sheets” because of the printers selling their works near it, employees of the Sovereign Printing House, founded by Ivan the Terrible nearby, on Nikolskaya Street. They hung handmade popular prints on the church fence, thereby demonstrating their goods.

Initially, the church was a cemetery, and by the middle of the 17th century it became the regimental church of the archers of Colonel Vasily Pushechnikov, who initiated the construction of a new stone building.
08.

In 1680, a refectory and a chapel were added to the church in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, in honor of the end of the Chigirin campaign.
09.

In 1689, there was a fire in the building, as a result of which the dome of the church was cracked. In the same year, Peter the Great, for participating in the suppression of the Shaklovity rebellion, granted the archers 700 rubles to restore the damaged building.
10.

Trinity Church can rightfully be called a monument to military glory - the Trinity, Vilna, Nizov and Chigirin campaigns. Here the rifle regiment kissed the cross and took the oath of allegiance to the Tsar. According to a vow, in honor of the successful participation of the archers in the Chingirin campaign (1677-1678), which largely determined the outcome of the Russian-Turkish war and the reunification of the lands of Ukraine with Russia, the Pokrovsky chapel was erected (consecrated in 1680). The first bell tower was erected after the Azov campaign.
11.

In 1704, the temple was given the status of the Admiralty - next to it, in the Sukharev Tower, where at that time the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences was located.
13.

In 1770, the dilapidated bell tower was dismantled, and in 1774, the refectory and chapel were dismantled. Around 1796, a chapel was built in the name of John of Damascus. In 1805 it was reconsecrated in the name of St. Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow.
14.

In 1774, the Pokrovsky chapel was rebuilt and consecrated at the expense of the manufacturer P.V. Kolosova. A new fence and a stone bell tower were erected - in 1788, while, unlike most Moscow churches, the new bell tower was erected on the eastern, and not on the western side of the temple due to the decree of Catherine II on the “red lines” of the city. In place of the old bell tower, a porch was erected on a white stone platform.
15.

In December 1825, during the Decembrist uprising in the northern capital, the temple found itself at the center of events related to the taking of the oath to the new emperor. The military team of the Sukharev Tower was the first in Moscow to swear allegiance to Tsar Nicholas the First. She was sworn in by the rector of the church, Gregory of the Epiphany. This happened at night, there was no way to delay. All Moscow regiments followed the Sukharevites.
16.

In the middle - second half of the 19th century, the temple was renovated several times. Under Archpriest Pavel Sokolov in 1857, the refectory underwent a new alteration, a new iconostasis was installed and wall paintings were made. At the consecration of the temple, Saint Philaret (Drozdov) highly appreciated these works, especially thanking the rector and the author of the paintings, the artist A.M. Varlamova. In 1878, the temple's paintings were updated, the iconostasis was replaced, and in the same year the temple was insulated and the walls were decorated with marble. The temple was consecrated on April 2, 1978 by Metropolitan of Moscow Innokenty (Veniaminov). In 1882, the heirs of St. Innocent donated to the temple particles of holy relics, which were always with the saint on his trips.
17.

Initially, the temple was built like a cathedral - a monumental cubic volume, a large scale of wall divisions, massive drums with large helmet-shaped domes. It is made in the form of a four-pillar, five-domed temple from the Grozny era, which is completely atypical for the time of its construction.
18.

Among many other details, the ancient Russian tradition is referred to as a multi-broken profiled cornice, arched perspective portals on the side facades and large drums with helmet-shaped domes. Under Peter the Great, they decided to cover the temple with bream (white stone) in the European fashion. Then this idea was abandoned and the temple received the usual hipped roof.
19.

In 1930, the rector of the temple V.N. Strakhov was arrested, and in 1938 he was shot. In 1939, the church was closed, the domes were demolished, and another floor was erected above the refectory. Initially, the building of the former church housed a dormitory for tram depot workers, then sculpture workshops, for which the walls were partially dismantled, and pits were dug in the floor for storing clay and plaster. In the 50s, the upper tiers of the temple's bell tower were demolished, and in the 60s, its entire building was demolished.
21.

In 1972, during the construction of the Kolkhoznaya metro station (now Sukharevskaya), one of the exits of which began to be built right under the walls of the former temple, the waterproofing was broken - water appeared in the basements, and cracks appeared on the vaults. Architects-restorers O.I. Zhurin and P.D. Baranovsky achieved a decision to suspend work and restore the church building for the 1980 Olympics. In 1979, sculpture workshops were evicted from the building, and under the leadership of O.I. Zhurin began work to restore the original appearance of the temple. It was according to his designs that the Iversky Gate with the chapel and the Kazan Cathedral on Red Square were later recreated.
22.

The main part of the restoration work was carried out in 1979-1980: the built-on floor was demolished, the vaults were restored, domes and domes were built on, crosses were installed, and window decor was restored. Then the work stopped - the idea arose to arrange a concert and rehearsal hall for the Mosconcert in the building. A reconstruction project was developed, which, however, was not implemented.
23.

The complete restoration of the building was completed in 1990, and the temple was returned to its original appearance of the 16th century. In the same year it was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1991, the temple was re-consecrated and regular services began there. In 1998, the area was landscaped and a new cast-iron fence was installed.
24.

In 2004, a new bell tower was erected, the proportions of which were calculated on the basis of surviving photographs and foundations discovered during excavations. 10 new bells, cast in Tutaev, were installed on the bell tower. According to O.I. Zhurin, the main merit in recreating the bell tower belongs to his student A.V. Fedorov.
25.

For a long time, the temple belonged (since the time of the Streltsy) to a fairly extensive adjacent territory with trading shops. At the beginning of the 19th century, new houses for trade shops were built. Part of the income went to the maintenance of the church with the clergy. The construction of tenement stone houses continued in the second half of the century on Sretenka, which have survived to this day.
26.

As we remember, the church (since 1635) was a cemetery - after all, then, according to custom, Muscovites were buried at their parish churches, and local residents were buried in its graveyard and it was large enough for the city cemetery. I tried for a long time to understand where the boundaries of this cemetery were and, in one source that I have now lost, I learned that the cemetery was located on the north-western side of the temple - a large shopping and office center has now been built there, facing Sadovoye with its facade - near the Sukharevskaya metro station. As you know, in the basement of this shopping center there is a large bookstore - previously it seemed to be the “New Bookstore”...

In the photo below - this is it...)