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Gun 2A28 "Thunder" smoothbore. It shoots unusual ammunition - jet shots with the addition of a short sleeve at the end of the tail. The roots of the Thunder gun and its ammunition stem from the rather successful SPG-9 "Spear" infantry mounted grenade launcher (recoilless gun) The tank gun uses concentric-type hydraulic recoil devices. To reduce the gas contamination of the fighting compartment, the locking and unlocking of the bore is wedge-shaped. The automation of the gun works on the principle of barrel recoil. At the end of the roll-over, the spent cartridge case is ejected from the gun chamber. In the event of a semi-automatic failure, the gun has a manual loading mode. When fired from a gun, the electric primer of the shot ignites. Ignition is produced from the onboard network of the combat vehicle. It also provides for the use of an additional power source in the form of a backup generator. The barrel of the 2A28 gun is a monoblock. The barrel is screwed into the breech, in which a wedge gate is installed. To hold the bolt in the open position and extract spent cartridges from the chamber, ejectors are installed in the breech. In this case, the sleeves with the help of a cutter are sent to a special sleeve collector. To carry out the rollback of the gun during the shot and the subsequent rolling of the rolling parts, a hydraulic knurler is installed on the 2A28. The hydraulic pump consists of two cylinders between which fluid is pushed through with the help of a special piston.

For the 2A28 Grom gun, a loading mechanism is used, thanks to which the technical rate of fire is 8-10 rds / min (actual 6-7 rds / min). The loading mechanism is semi-automatic with an electromechanical drive and a mechanized conveyor-type ammunition rack. It provides storage, transportation and removal of shots to the issuing line. After the introduction of OG-9 fragmentation rounds into the BMP-1 ammunition, the mechanism for feeding shots was excluded, since the loading of the OG-9 can only be done manually. In this regard, loading with PG-9 cumulative shots was also carried out manually. But in the game, since fragmentation shots for the Thunder gun are not actually used, it was decided to leave them with a loading mechanism for the sake of decent anti-tank combat capability (because cumulative shots are mainly used).

Vehicles equipped with these weapons

Main characteristics

Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of a gun or machine gun.

Cumulative anti-tank grenade

Internal organization

Available projectiles

The range of ammunition includes PG-9 rounds (cumulative) and OG-9 rounds (high-explosive fragmentation). PG-9 shots consist of two parts: a grenade with a shaped charge and a powder charge. With the help of a powder charge, a grenade is fired from a gun at a speed of 400 m / s, then the grenade engine is turned on, which accelerates it to 665 m / s. Upon impact with a target, the grenade pierces armor with a directed cumulative jet. With a target height of 2 meters, the direct range of a PG-9 grenade is 765 meters, and the maximum range is 1300 meters. To combat enemy infantry and unarmored vehicles, the OG-9 high-explosive fragmentation round (without a sustainer jet engine) with an initial projectile velocity of 290 m/s and a maximum range of 4400 meters is used.

Thunder Gun (73mm)

The progenitor of the Thunder gun is the SPG-9 mounted anti-tank grenade launcher Spear (73 mm)

Use in combat

The Soviet gun Grom (73 mm) in War Thunder can really (especially in skilled hands) fall on enemies like thunder from heaven. She's showing pretty good combat properties. A good muzzle velocity (665 m/s, familiar to many in the T-34) + penetrating cumulatives + excellent rate of fire - contribute to effective use against almost any enemy tanks. Many are hit even in the forehead, occasionally it may only be necessary to make detours from the flank, usually against 8.3 sconce tanks (with powerful armor), as a tactical element of surprise for the enemy. I am glad that the cumulative does not need to be pumped at all - it is already open in stock. But in the conditions of the game, fragmentation shots of the OG-9 are almost useless - with a miserable initial speed of 290 m / s, even an airplane cannot be shot down (in reality, fragmentation shots were used against enemy infantry). Although they can hit enemy ZSU with aluminum (bulletproof) armor. It is better to use the gun from medium close distances (justified by the average initial speed of the cumulative), it is rarely possible from long distances.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

• A cumulative with good penetration (open already in stock).
• Excellent reload speed.

Flaws:

• The initial velocity of the projectile is still worse than that of other guns (average compared to other guns).
• No feathered subcalibers.

Historical reference

Loading ammunition into the BMP-1

2A28 "Thunder" - Soviet smoothbore gun, included in the armament of the BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle. Created on the basis of SPG-9M. Developed in the Tula TsKIB SOO under the leadership of Silin V.I., before being put into service, it bore the internal designation TKB-04.

For the first time, the opportunity to evaluate the anti-tank capabilities of the BMP-1 weapons presented itself during the next Arab-Israeli conflict in 1973. Although the Egyptians lost unnecessarily many BMP-1s due to incorrect tactics and poor crew training, these vehicles made a strong impression on the Israelis. So, during the fighting in the Kantara region, light and passable BMP-1s were able to cross the salt marshes and shot stuck Israeli tanks. Quite effectively, the armament of the BMP-1 against tanks was used by the Syrians in 1982. It is believed that the gunners-operators accounted for several destroyed Israeli Magah-3 tanks during a night battle in the Sultan Yaakub area. The Syrians also announced the destruction of the Magah-6 and Merkava tanks in other combat episodes. But by the mid-80s, after the appearance of remote sensing and new generation tanks, the armament capabilities of the BMP-1 no longer met modern requirements. In this regard, instead of ATGM 9K11 "Baby" BMP-1 in 1979 was re-equipped anti-tank complex 9K111 "Bassoon". The upgraded vehicle received the designation BMP-1P. To this level, during the overhaul, most of the early release BMP-1s available in the troops were finalized. The BMP-1 with the Thunder cannon is used to this day in different armies of the world.

• The ancestor of the Grom gun is the SPG-9 Spear anti-tank grenade launcher (recoilless gun).
• On the basis of the 2A28 gun, the 2A41 Zarnitsa gun with an elongated barrel was developed for installation in experimental infantry fighting vehicles Object 768 and Object 681.
• The Thunder gun was also armed with an airborne BMD-1 ( Fighting machine landing-1).

Media

Weapons of the twentieth century. BMP-1

History of Soviet infantry fighting vehicles

see also

• link to an article about the cannon/machine gun variant;
• links to approximate analogues in other nations and branches.

And the like.

Links

• SPG-9 grenade launcher. Anti-tank "Spear". Military review.

· Soviet tank and anti-tank guns
20mm	TNSh
45 mm	20-K
57 mm	ZiS-2 ZiS-4 ZiS-4M Ch-51M
73mm	2A28
76mm

The CPG-9 "Spear" grenade launcher was adopted by the USSR Armed Forces in 1963.

Its appearance led to the desire to increase the range of effective fire of anti-tank weapons of motorized rifle units.

The initial speed of the grenade at departure is 435 m / s.

After the shot, the jet engine accelerates the grenade to 700 m / s. High speed provides better flatness of the trajectory, reduces the flight time of the grenade, which makes it possible to reduce the magnitude of corrections for side wind and target movement.

The armor penetration of the cumulative grenade of the PG-9V round is 300 mm, and the grenade of the modernized PG-9VS round is 400 mm.

This is quite enough to destroy tanks of all types that do not have dynamic protection, as well as any other armored vehicles.

The reliability of action and high armor penetration with a small caliber of a grenade (only 73 mm) served as the basis for the development of the 73-mm 2A28 Grom gun and the PG15V round, which were included in the BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle armament complex.

The calculation of SPG-9 consists of four people: commander, gunner, loader and carrier. This calculation is able to carry a grenade launcher in a disassembled (stowed) position over long distances, as well as move the SPG-9 in a combat position when changing firing positions.

The largest mass of the grenade launcher (with a night sight) reaches 57.6 kg. The defeat of tanks and other armored targets, as well as enemy fire weapons in structures and shelters, is ensured at ranges up to 1300 m.

SPG-9
when shooting

Fire on tanks is most effective within the range of a direct shot - 800 m. At this range, the height of the grenade's flight path does not exceed 2 m, i.e. tank height.

The presence of a PGO-9 optical sight with a 4.2-fold increase ensures high accuracy of pointing the grenade launcher.

To increase the fire capabilities of motorized rifle units in the fight against enemy manpower, a shot with a fragmentation grenade - OG-9V was developed for the SPG-9 a little later. Unlike the PG-9V, the new shot does not have a jet engine. Under the novelty, the grenade launcher itself was also modernized, which received the name SPG-9M.

SPG-9
when reloading

For airborne units, it is equipped with a removable wheel drive. This option is called SPG-9DM.

Modifications:
- SPG-9 - basic, with a tripod machine and a PGO-9 optical sight.
- SPG-9D - landing version of the basic modification with a wheeled machine weighing 15.9 kg.
- SPG-9N - basic version, equipped with a 1PN52 night sight.
- SPG-9M (N) - an upgraded version of the base model with: PGOK-9 sight, folding carrying handles, telescopic (sliding) front leg of the machine-tripod.
- SPG-9MD (N) - landing version of the SPG-9M with a wheeled machine. Total weight - 64.5 kg.

• Weapons » Grenade launchers » Russia / USSR
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When a grenade meets an obstacle sideways (at meeting angles up to 8 °), the inertial ring, moving in a lateral direction, squeezes out the guide bushing towards the sting, which pricks the detonator cap and triggers the firing chain.
When firing with the fuse cap not removed, the inertial action device is activated, causing the sleeve with the detonator cap to move towards the sting.
245
3.5.1. General arrangement of shots
The 73-mm round of the active-reactive type PG-15V is equipped with an ITG-9 cumulative anti-tank grenade and an IGG-15IT propellant charge.
The 73-mm OG-15V active type shot is equipped with an Ol "-9 fragmentation grenade and an OG-1511 propellant charge.
Shooting is carried out from the 73-mm smooth-bore gun 2A28 "Grom", mounted on infantry fighting vehicles BMGI-1 and landing BMD-1.
Shots PG-15VS, PG-15VS1 are equipped with grenades PG-9S, PG-9S1. Shots 0G-15VM, 0G-15VM1 are equipped with grenades 0G-9M, 0G-9M1.
Propelling powder charge PG-15P is designed to communicate the initial speed of the PG-9 grenade. He has:
- a short steel bottle-shaped sleeve with a protruding flange;
- a central perforated tube with a rusk mount;
- charge of nitroglycerin tape gunpowder NBL-50 weighing 160 g;
- a cartridge case with an igniter charge DRP-2 weighing 16 g;
- electrocapsule sleeve EKV-23A in the bottom part of the sleeve.
3.5.2. The action of the propellant charge PG (OG) -15P
When an electrical signal is applied from the on-board network of a combat vehicle or from a backup generator to the contacts - the bottom of the sleeve and the EKV-23A sleeve, the beam of fire from the sleeve electric igniter causes ignition of the black powder charge placed in the central perforated tube, and then nitroglycerin band powder. Under the pressure of the resulting gases, the attachment unit breaks away from the nozzle and the grenade begins to move along the barrel with acceleration and is ejected at an initial speed of 400 m/s.
At a distance of 40 ... .20 m from the muzzle, the pyro-retarder ignites the sustainer charge of a jet engine, the combustion of which brings the grenade flight speed to a maximum of 665 m / s. Further, the grenade flies but of inertia, stabilizing with the opened stabilizer feathers, until it meets an obstacle.
When the barrel rolls back, the sleeve with the mount is ejected by the bolt.
The propellant charge OG-15IT is designed and operates similarly to 1TT-1511. The initial velocity of the OG-15V fragmentation grenade is 290 m/s.
3.5. Shots PG(0G)-15V
246
3.6. Disposable grenade launchers
3.6.1. General arrangement of disposable grenade launchers
grenade launchers disposable designed to destroy armored targets, as well as to suppress and destroy enemy manpower located in buildings, structures, shelters and located openly.
Almost all reactive single-use systems are designed according to the same concept of a reactive-type shot with an unloaded barrel.
The main parts of a reactive one-time system are:
- rocket-propelled grenade;
- starting device;
- sighting device and trigger mechanism.
A rocket-propelled grenade has a warhead, a fuse and a jet engine with a stabilizer.
The head part can be equipped with a shaped charge BB, thermobaric or incendiary mixture.
The fuse of a cumulative grenade is a headless, piezoelectric, shock-instant action, with a long-range cocking and a self-liquidator. The fuse of the tandem and thermobaric grenades has a device that provides two consecutive firings.
The solid propellant jet engine serves to give the grenade the required flight speed. Reactive charge monoelement or "brush" type. An element of a jet engine is a feather stabilizer, which is necessary for a stable flight of a grenade. The operation of the engine begins and ends in the starting device, which prevents the shooter from being hit by powder gases of a grenade that has flown out of the barrel.
The launcher is designed to direct the flight of the grenade, as well as to store and transport the shot. A sighting device and a trigger mechanism are attached to the pipe of the trigger.
A mechanical sighting device, as a rule, is diopter-adjusted for air temperature and the ability to determine the range to the target. Aiming is carried out by sighting the slot, front sight (mark) and target.
A striker-type trigger mechanism generally has a firing pin with a mainspring, a sear, a cocking mechanism, a release key, an igniter cap and a gas conduit - a plastic or rubber tube for transmitting the fire beam to the reactive charge igniter.
On the wall of each launcher there is a bulletin on handling a shot, which briefly outlines the handling rules, which include preparation for use (transfer from traveling to combat position), firing a shot and safety measures.
247
3.6.2. Single RPG-18 grenade launcher
The 64-mm disposable grenade launcher RPG-18 "Fly" (according to the Manual - a reactive anti-tank grenade) is designed to destroy armored targets and enemy manpower located in light shelters at ranges up to 200 m.

SPG-9 "Spear" (in military jargon "Boot") is a Soviet mounted grenade launcher, designed primarily to destroy enemy armored vehicles. Later, a fragmentation grenade was developed for this weapon, which could be used to defeat enemy manpower. Caliber "Spears" is 73 mm.

The SPG-9 grenade launcher is a powerful weapon for motorized rifle units and paratrooper units. The development of the grenade launcher was carried out by a group of designers GKSB-47 (today it is NPO Bazalt).

The SPG-9 mounted grenade launcher was adopted in 1963, and it is still in operation. Russian army. This weapon was used in many military conflicts of the second half of the last century, it was successfully used by both regular troops and various partisan units. The production of LNG-9 was launched in China, Egypt, Bulgaria and Pakistan.

The SPG-9 anti-tank grenade launcher is a simple and reliable weapon, the effectiveness of which has been repeatedly confirmed by practice. SPG-9 belongs to the second generation of domestic anti-tank weapons. During the period of mass production, several modifications of the grenade launcher were developed. On the basis of one of them, the SPG-9M, a 73-mm gun was later created for the BMP-1 and BMD-1 combat vehicles.

The main disadvantage of the SPG-9 can be called its very "solid" weight, which significantly reduces the mobility of this weapon. However, despite this, as well as the presence a large number more modern grenade launchers, "Boot" constantly flashes in reports filmed in local conflicts.

History of creation

The first grenade launchers began to be mass-produced during the Second World War. "Faustpatrons" and "Bazookas" showed themselves perfectly on the battlefield and gave the infantry an excellent tool for fighting enemy armored vehicles - light, simple and very effective. Soviet soldiers enjoyed using the captured " Faustpatrons" and "Panzershreks", they were especially deadly for enemy armored vehicles in urban combat conditions.

Already during the war, work began on the creation of the first Soviet RPG-1 hand grenade launcher, but it was never adopted for service. But in 1949, the more successful RPG-2, which had been in operation for several decades, began to enter the troops.

In the 50s, the Soviet military cooled somewhat towards hand-held anti-tank weapons. It was believed that the next conflicts would be of global proportions, and the main role in them would be played by aviation, missiles and thermonuclear weapons. However, along with this, local wars constantly arose in which it was necessary to fight the enemy’s armored vehicles, and grenade launchers were best suited for this. In addition, in the Soviet Union, much attention was paid to the airborne troops, and anti-tank guns were too heavy to arm them.

Already in the late 50s, the USSR began to develop two grenade launchers at once, which in the future became one of the most famous examples of these weapons - RPG-7 and SPG-9. The creators of the SPG-9 were initially tasked with creating a simple and unpretentious grenade launcher weighing no more than 30 kilograms, which could penetrate up to 300 mm of armor.

The development of the grenade launcher ended in 1962, then tests followed, and a year later the SPG-9 was put into service. Until now, a lot of questions are raised by the strange caliber of weapons - 73 mm. There was a legend that this size is associated with the diameter of a bottle of vodka, the most popular in the USSR at that time. But this, of course, is fiction. Initially, the SPG-9 caliber was 70 mm, but the gunsmiths had to add a thin leading belt to the design of the grenade, which not only fixed it better, but also cleaned off the powder deposits in the gun barrel. It was he who added the "non-standard" three millimeters.

Immediately after being put into service, the SPG-9 grenade launcher had only one type of ammunition - the PG-9V shot, later the list of grenades was significantly expanded:

• PG-9V. Shot with anti-tank cumulative grenade PG-9, its mass is 4.4 kg, the weight of the grenade itself is 1.3 kg. It is equipped with a piezoelectric fuse and can penetrate 300 mm of armor.
• PG-9VS. This is a modification of the basic ammunition PG-9V. The grenade has better armor penetration (400 mm), but the firing range and muzzle velocity of the grenade are the same for the PG-9V and PG-9VS.
• OG-9V. Shot with a high-explosive fragmentation grenade OG-9, designed to destroy enemy infantry. It has more weight (5.35 kg) compared to cumulative ammunition. OG-9V was created much later than anti-tank rounds. The initial speed of the grenade is less (315 m / s), but it flies further - 910 m.
• OG-9VM. Improved high-explosive fragmentation shot with an OG-9M grenade.

Later, on the basis of the basic model of the grenade launcher, a wheeled landing modification of the SPG-9D was created.

Design description

SPG-9 is a smooth-bore, recoilless, gas-dynamic weapon. After the shot, part of the powder gases is ejected through a nozzle located in the breech of the grenade launcher, which significantly reduces the recoil.

The grenade launcher shot includes a grenade (cumulative or high-explosive fragmentation) and a small starting powder charge, with which it leaves the bore and receives initial acceleration. After a few tens of meters of flight, the grenade's own engine starts to work, which accelerates it to the optimum speed. The grenade has a caliber warhead and a six-bladed stabilizer, as well as two tracers.

The starting charge of a shot is a metallic Charger(in the form of a perforated tube), a sample of nitroglycerin powder, an igniter charge with an electric igniter and a forcing unit. The charge is easily and quickly attached to the grenade.

SPG-9 consists of a barrel with a bolt, a tripod (in the landing version it has a wheel drive), sights and a mechanism for firing a shot.

The barrel of the weapon is a 73 mm smooth-walled tube with an expansion chamber and a breech. On the barrel is a shutter with a mechanism for unlocking and locking. In addition, the SPG-9 barrel has a handle for carrying a grenade launcher, a front sight with a base, a bracket for attaching sights, a bar with a mechanical sight, a special shield that protects the weapon operator from burns, an ejection mechanism, an electric firing mechanism and a conductive wire. The shutter with the nozzle is opened by turning to the left.

With the help of two trunnions (front and rear), the barrel is mounted on a tripod machine. The SPG-9 machine has horizontal and vertical aiming mechanisms, thanks to the adjustment of the position of the legs, the height of the line of fire varies from 390 to 700 mm.

When firing direct fire, the PGO-9 optical sight is used, its magnification is 4.2.

SPG-9 is designed to destroy enemy tanks, its self-propelled artillery mounts, other armored vehicles, as well as manpower located openly or in shelters. The calculation of the grenade launcher includes four people: a carrier, loader, gunner and gun commander.

In the stowed position, the SPG-9 is dismantled into a machine tool, barrel and sights. The weight of the grenade launcher is almost 50 kg (49.5), therefore, in the assembled state, it can only be moved over short distances by the forces of all members of the calculation.

The shot is fired as follows: with the help of the handle, the bolt opens and a grenade with a powder starting charge is sent into the breech of the weapon. Closing the shutter closes the electrical launch circuit, and the gunner cocks the trigger using a special handle. This design eliminates the possibility of launching a grenade when the shutter is not fully closed.

After pressing the trigger, an electrical impulse through the igniter ignites the starting charge, which ejects the grenade from the barrel and gives the initial speed. In this case, the tail of the shot is separated from the grenade and remains in the breech.

The grenade, due to the forcing of powder gases through inclined holes, acquires a rotational motion, which stabilizes its flight, and a few meters after leaving the barrel, its stabilizers open. At a distance of 15-20 meters from the muzzle cut, the main engine of the ammunition is turned on, and its speed increases to the maximum.

To make a second shot, you just need to open the bolt and send a new ammunition. Elements of the previous shot are removed from the breech of the grenade launcher automatically. SPG-9 has a significant rate of fire, it reaches six rounds per minute and significantly outperforms anti-tank missile systems first and second generation. The fact is that the gunner does not need to direct the grenade and wait until it hits its target. It should be added that firing from the SPG-9 is not too difficult and does not require long preparation.

The high speed of the grenade allows you to make minimal adjustments when firing, or even do without them.

Modifications

During serial production, several modifications of the SPG-9 grenade launcher were developed:

• SPG-9D. Landing modification of the grenade launcher, it is equipped with a wheeled machine;
• SPG-9M. An upgraded version of the basic modification with a new sight PGOK-9. It allows you to fire both standard cumulative ammunition and high-explosive fragmentation.
• SPG-9DM. Upgraded version of the landing version of the grenade launcher. It features a PGOK-9 sight.
• PGN-9. Modification with a night sight.

Characteristics

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