13:30 20.02.2014

Drawing does not require any special complex devices. Which of us did not make the simplest drawings on an ordinary piece of paper in childhood with felt-tip pens, pencils, or even an ordinary fountain pen. But if we are talking about skill, ways of artistic expression, transmission of movement, implementation of creative ideas, then we cannot do without the use of art materials and knowledge of how to work with them.

The most widespread and accessible materials are colored or graphite pencils, ink, felt-tip pens, colored crayons, charcoal, sanguine, pastels, watercolors. Let us consider in more detail each of these artistic materials and the technique of working with them.

graphite pencil

It is used both in teaching drawing and already experienced artists. A pleasant gray tone, a slight sheen combined with the possibility of correction with an eraser. The pencil allows you to perform both linear, line drawings, and tone-painting. The advantage of graphite is that it adheres well to paper. Different effects can be achieved by choosing how artistic material, different grades of paper for pencil work.

Colored pencils have similar properties. It is especially possible to distinguish from them watercolor pencils, which are smeared with water, thus creating special effects.

drawing charcoal

It has been used by artists since ancient times. Allows for portraits, landscapes, plot compositions and still lifes. It has a rich black color with a wide range of tonal transitions. The shape of the charcoal makes it possible to draw lines of various thicknesses. The side surface can quickly paint over a large area of ​​the sheet. Charcoal is also easy to wash off. When drawing with charcoal, such art materials like cardboard, canvas, wall, paper, as well as various surfaces. Depending on the tasks of the artist, the basis of the drawing, the shape and method of sharpening the drawing coals are selected. With a special shading, a cloth or a hand, you can rub the coal. Drawings made with charcoal are fixed with hairspray or a special fixative.

felt-tip pens

They require work with a confident, firm hand, as they are not erased. Give smooth beautiful lines. They vary in thickness and colors. They are mainly used for decorative or design purposes, but they can also be used for landscapes and sketches from nature.

Sanguina

It is a reddish brown chalk. Produced in the form of square and round sticks. Allows you to draw on cardboard, paper, canvas. With it, you can draw a line, stroke or make a shading. When drawing, it is often combined with others art materials. Due to the complexity of use, it is not recommended for beginners to work. In the technique of sanguine, such masters of the past as Rubens, Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, Michelangelo, Chardin, Titian created their works.

pen drawing

It requires the firmness of the hand and the clarity of the eye, since it cannot be erased later. The thickness of the line is controlled by pressure, but at the same time it is necessary to ensure that the pen does not scratch the paper. Feathers differ in the material from which they are made. Goose or reeds give a more lively line, while steel ones give a clearer line. It is optimal to use smooth coated paper for drawing with a pen, then the mistakes made can be corrected with a sharp blade. Also, choosing paper of different tone, you can achieve the impression of picturesqueness of the picture.

brush painting

Use as art material brushes allows you to perform very thin drawings, as well as widely tinted planes, use the effect of modeling with a stroke. Brushes are used for drawing with ink, watercolor, oil paints, gouache, grisaille.

pastel crayons

The pastel technique is distinguished by fragility and tenderness in color. When working, the technique of a stroke or wide pasty strokes is used. Unusual effects are also achieved by rubbing color into color, which gives the pattern a special softness, accuracy of tonal transitions. A rough surface holds the pastel better, so it is preferable to use velvet paper or specially sanded cardboard for work. It also requires fixing the pastels and careful storage of the drawing.

In addition to those described, there are a great many types of needlework (for example, embroidery kits) and each of them has its own expressive properties and features. Therefore, anyone who is interested in drawing will find something for themselves, in accordance with their preferences.

PASTEL

Pastel (from Latin pasta - dough) is one of the oldest artistic materials used in graphics and painting. It has vibrant colors and a velvety texture. Artists of the 16th century, including Leonardo da Vinci, called the method of drawing with a black Italian pencil and red sanguine "a pastello" at the same time, from which the pastel got its name.

There are three main types of pastels:

Dry pastel

Ultra soft pastel

Contains 35% more pigment than soft pastels. It looks like shadows, comes in small jars, mixes perfectly, which allows you to achieve the most accurate color reproduction. It is applied with special applicators with microporous sponge nozzles.

PANPASTEL

soft pastel

Contains more pigment and less binder. Because of this composition, soft pastels crumble easily, but are ideal for shading or wide strokes.

pastel pencils

Outwardly, they resemble ordinary pencils, with the only difference being that they have a pastel core. They are mainly used for working out small details.

oil pastel

Contains pigment with mineral oil. Colors are less matte. Works created with oil pastels are easier to store, colors do not smear and do not require additional fixation. Soft varieties of oil pastels can be blended with your fingers, and hard varieties can be blended with a solvent, special or for oil paints. It must be borne in mind that some types of thinner can make the pastel more faded, and linseed oil, on the contrary, will give shine.

wax pastel

Also known as watercolor. It contains wax and water-soluble components, which is why the drawing created by watercolor pastels, when interacting with water, looks more like a drawing with watercolors.

Read more about pastels in the article: Pastels

PASTEL PAPER

To draw with pastels, you need paper with a special textured surface that will hold the pigment. Usually pastel paper is colored, its tone is selected individually for each drawing. It should be taken into account the fact that on white paper, light shades of pastels do not look as clean as on tinted paper, but saturated colors pastels, such as blue, green, red look more juicy.

In addition to texture and color, it is also important to consider the density of the paper: the pastel drawing technique often requires shading with fingers or tools, which means that sometimes the pigment will have to be rubbed with a force that can wrinkle very thin paper. In addition, the higher the density, the higher the moisture resistance of the paper.

Paper is produced in various formats: separate sheets, in rolls, albums and gluing (notebooks with adhesive on one edge).

Read more about pastel paper in the article: Pastel paper

PASTEL TOOLS

Before starting work, the sheet must be fixed on tablet. For this it is better to use masking tape which can then be easily removed.

For better storage of drawings made in the pastel technique, you can place the image under glass in a frame, after laying the drawing on a passe-partout.

Fixatives

To preserve dry pastel drawings, many use special fixative varnishes in aerosol cans. The most famous producers are Royal Talens and Koh-i-Noor. To fix the pastel, you need two or three layers.

In addition to special fixatives, you can try to fix the pattern with regular hairspray. The disadvantage of this method is that when exposed to ordinary varnish on pastel, some colors may change, become darker.

Went to drawing school. Everyone, in order to master the secrets of a realistic image, needs to learn.

This drawing course helps to master the features of the image of the shape and proportions of objects, their texture, the transfer of volume using light and shadow, and linear perspective.

To learn how to draw, it is not enough just to read a book, you must carefully perform special exercises and lengthy drawings, strive to succeed.

Of course, you will gradually learn the art of drawing, step by step, mastering the secrets of mastery in theoretical and practical classes in the process of classroom and homework.

Drawings from the book showing the sequence of the image can be repeated, but remember that the training should be based on drawing from life.

Observing the surrounding reality, making sketches and sketches from life, learn the basics of a realistic image. Use this knowledge and skills in the process of drawing from memory and imagination, in creative compositions.

To complete the drawing, as a rule, no complex devices are required. Everyone had to draw with pencils, felt-tip pens or pens on paper, but it is not easy to achieve mastery in accurately conveying movement, character, texture.

Knowledge of art materials and techniques will help you best realize your creative ideas in a small sketch or a finished drawing. The finer you learn to understand the features of drawing techniques, master them, the more fully you will feel the features of their artistic expressiveness.

Educational practice has shown that graphite and colored pencils, felt-tip pens, watercolors, ink, colored crayons, as well as charcoal, sanguine, and pastel are most commonly used to complete drawing assignments in a general education school.

A graphite pencil is equally convenient for both educational and creative work. It has a pleasant gray tone and some sheen, can be easily corrected, erased with an elastic band. With this pencil, you can create drawings of a linear, line-line and tonal-painting plan. Of all drawing materials, graphite pencil is the simplest and most available remedy. Graphite, combined with other art materials, holds great potential for every artist.

Graphite fits well on any paper and does not crumble. You need to choose a pencil and paper in accordance with the tasks. First you need to learn how to work with one pencil and try to extract from it everything that it can give. Line and stroke work well on thick, smooth paper, while grainy paper is suitable for tone work.

Pencil drawings look good on paper, yellowed from time to time. In general, if we talk about paper, then try various grades for your drawings. Don't be embarrassed if something doesn't work out for you. The main thing is that you will gain invaluable experience that you can use in your work.

When working with a graphite pencil, one should not be particularly fond of shading, since this often creates the impression of a worn and greasy drawing.

Lightening the tone of the picture can be achieved with the help of bread crumb. You need to put the picture horizontally, crumble finely White bread and wipe the drawing with it.

A graphite pencil is good for drawings in an album, on a paper sheet, but if you need to close large planes, then charcoal is usually used.

Colored pencils can also achieve a variety of graphic or painterly effects, especially watercolor pencils, which can be blurred with water, achieving painterly techniques.

Coal as a drawing material has been used by artists since ancient times. Drawing charcoal has great expressive possibilities, it can be used for landscape, portrait, still life and subject composition.

With charcoal, you can draw both the thinnest lines and wide ones, you can quickly shade large surfaces with the side. Charcoal gives a deep velvety black color and a wide range of tonal transitions. They can make quick sketches, sketches and long drawings. It is very comfortable to use and easy to wash. Coal clearly reveals the shape of the object, makes it possible to convey light and shadow. You can draw with charcoal on paper, cardboard, canvas, wall and other surfaces suitable for drawing. It is better to use rough paper, you can also use thick drawing paper, which should be lightly rubbed with fine sandpaper. Interesting charcoal drawings are obtained on a colored background of soft tones.

Drawing charcoals should be different in size and shape. To draw thin lines, the coal is sharpened obliquely, since the middle part (core) of coals made from twigs is looser. When working on canvas, the charcoal sharpens itself.

A combination of charcoal with other materials is allowed - with sanguine, chalk, pastel, colored pencils, watercolors, a special charcoal pencil "Retouch".

Charcoal can be worked in two ways: with an ordinary graphite pencil, using lines and strokes, and using tonal shading. You can rub the charcoal with a cloth, hand or a special shading, which is made of suede, kid leather or thick paper and is a tightly twisted roller with pointed ends. You should not use an elastic band for this, as after it the coal lies unevenly.

You can lighten the tone by brushing off excess charcoal with a cloth or bristle brush. It is recommended to walk along the illuminated places of the form with a soft roll or work them with chalk.

Charcoal drawings should be fixed. You can use a special fixative or hairspray for this. Fix by spraying the varnish gradually, in several steps, from a distance of about one meter, avoiding the formation of drops. Keep in mind that even the most careful fixing will darken the drawing.

Everyone who draws with a felt-tip pen must take into account its capabilities. The felt-tip pen glides easily over the paper and leaves behind a beautiful smooth line that cannot be erased, so you need to work with a firm and confident hand. Felt pens are thin and thick, different colors, which expands their artistic possibilities. They can be worked using a line, stroke or decorative spots. Good felt-tip pens for sketches from nature, sketches of landscapes, decorative and design work.

Sanguine, a red-brown material, was used in the drawing by Leonardo da Vinci. Another name for this material is red chalk. Sanguina is produced in the form of round or square sticks and comes in different shades. You can draw with sanguine with a line, a stroke, using shading, on various paper, cardboard, primed canvas. Often artists combine sanguine with charcoal, chalk, and pencil. Those who have not acquired the first skills in drawing are not recommended to work with sanguine. Mastering the technique of working with this material should begin in sketches, and continue in longer drawings from nature or from a representation.

The works created by sanguine by outstanding masters - Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Rubens, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Titian, Chardin and many others - are diverse in technique.

Pen drawing is an excellent school for educating the hand and the eye. Feathers come in different sizes and materials. First of all, it is important for work that the pen does not scratch the paper. By changing the pressure on the pen, you can achieve a variety of line thicknesses. A steel pen gives a clear, thin line, while a goose or reed pen gives a lively and expressive one.

When working with a pen on a large sheet, you need to ensure that the line and stroke are varied. It is better to draw with a pen on smooth coated paper, where sometimes mistakes can be corrected using a razor blade. Expressive works are obtained when the line and stroke are combined with the tone of the paper (gray, blue, yellow, greenish, etc.) and create the impression of a picturesque manner of drawing.

The technique of drawing with a brush on paper has become widespread. It allows you to perform the finest drawings and broadly lay large planes in tone, achieve molding with a stroke. good materials for drawing with a brush - black and colored ink. Artists can only choose gray or Brown color working with watercolors. Monochrome painting - grisaille was widely used by the old masters. It is useful to complete grisaille assignments for drawing still lifes and landscapes from nature for educational purposes.

Since watercolor, like pastel, can be attributed to graphics and painting, then be careful when classifying works made with these materials, rely heavily on intuition and common sense, follow what the artist prefers - a line or tone, one color or richness of color shades.

The technique of pastel is multifaceted and simple. Pastel crayons are fragile and delicate in color. They can be worked with a stroke or wide pasty strokes. Rubbing color into color gives an unusual effect of softness and precision of tonal transitions.

Pastel loves a tinted base; it can be used on colored velvet paper, cardboard treated with fine-grained sandpaper. Pastel adheres better to a rough surface. It requires fixing and careful storage. It is better to protect the paint layer of the pastel from shedding with a thin sheet of paper, attaching it with a flap on the back of the picture. Then the pastel retains its color, which gives great technical possibilities to the artist. But you can also use hairspray for this, in which case the pastel colors will darken a little.

The execution of drawings with any artistic material, as a rule, is carried out from the general to the particular, in order to return to the general again at the end. First, the compositional solution of the drawing is thought out, the objects are placed on a sheet of the selected format, their general shape is drawn, proportional relationships are observed, and details are worked out. Then they move on to the cut-off modeling of the form, achieving the integrity of the picture.

If you learn how to draw a cube, cylinder, sphere, pyramid and cone, you will be able to convey all the diversity of the world in your creative work. It is easy to verify that at the heart of all complex shapes are simple geometric bodies. In the process of drawing, you need to be able to measure and compare distances, determine the proportions of your model, convey volume using light and shadow.

Drawing simple geometric bodies separately and as part of a still life, drawing a jug, a plaster ornament, a variety of thematic still lifes, figures and heads of a person, animals, objects of technology and architecture should be mastered by every draftsman.

You also need to be careful, the drawing must be protected from everything that can stain it, including from your hand. Cleanliness is a must when doing the job. Remember to keep your hands and work area clean.

Remember that all drawing lessons should be supported by your own thoughts, only then educational process can be considered complete.

Sokolnikova N.M., Visual arts. Drawing Basics: A Textbook for Uch. 5 cells - Obninsk: Title, 2008. - 96 pages: tsv.il.

Lesson content lesson summary support frame lesson presentation accelerative methods interactive technologies Practice tasks and exercises self-examination workshops, trainings, cases, quests homework discussion questions rhetorical questions from students Illustrations audio, video clips and multimedia photographs, pictures graphics, tables, schemes humor, anecdotes, jokes, comics parables, sayings, crossword puzzles, quotes Add-ons abstracts articles chips for inquisitive cheat sheets textbooks basic and additional glossary of terms other Improving textbooks and lessonscorrecting errors in the textbook updating a fragment in the textbook elements of innovation in the lesson replacing obsolete knowledge with new ones Only for teachers perfect lessons calendar plan for the year guidelines discussion programs Integrated Lessons

What are art materials? This is all that helps to create a work of art. These are tempera, acrylic, alkyd, aerosol, oil paints, watercolor, paper, cardboard and primer, airbrushes, modeling clay, pencils, gouache, brushes, pastels, varnishes and thinners, sauce, gilding compositions, ink, sanguine, various auxiliary liquids and more. The variety of materials and ways of using them has led to the creation of an exceptional variety of artistic and technical techniques.

The agony of choice

How to cope with all the diversity of the range of departments where everything is presented for artists and decorators? In painting, as in many other art forms, the issues of wholesale and retail purchases are relevant. Tools can be single and strictly defined for each master, but, for example, there should be a lot of paints, different, most incredible, all of them are needed to create an accurate shade. Sequins, markers, felt-tip pens, pencils is sad for an artist, even a beginner, to have only one pencil, at least you need a different thickness of the rod and the softness of the stylus. If an experienced artist visits art supplies to buy paint “acquired” over the years, then for those who have not yet decided, everything is much more complicated. How to choose "your" material? Only by trial method, other methods have not yet been invented. I will have to experiment with many types of materials before the moment of understanding comes: here it is, this is “mine”, it is this material that conveys my feelings as accurately as possible, the torments of creativity and work with it give me the greatest fullness of sensations.

Subtleties of some processes

Before finally establishing yourself in the choice and buying materials for artists, it is worth remembering a few mistakes that can spoil the impression of the process and the already completed project.

Hard pencils do not change the thickness of the line when pressed and with the wrong position and high-quality sharpening, they can scratch the paper, while soft pencils allow you to adjust the fullness of the color by pressing on the tool and make multidirectional movements. On large sheets of paper, small drawings are lost and under a series of small sketches it is worth taking smaller paper. Drawing on colored paper is very difficult, almost any drawing loses its expressiveness. Watercolor paints do not accept drawing corrections, they lose saturation and transparency. Charcoal pencils, sanguine, pastel crayons are very fragile and it is better to have a replacement in case of breakage in several places. Plasticine should not be left in the sun, it risks melting and becoming temporarily unusable. When painting with gouache, you need to monitor the thickness of the paint layer, too thick can simply crumble when it dries.

Many people are interested in the topic "alien creative cuisine” and in this article I will tell and show my wealth. Processing photos, I got the impression that this is a report from thin. shop. But, believe me, there are never too many art materials and there is always something you want 🙂
So I show those who are interested in my hamster stocks of paints, brushes and other good things.
I want to note that new materials inspire creative research. And trying ourselves in new unusual techniques, we discover something new and unknown in ourselves. Don't be afraid to push your limits and try new things!

As I said, I have very little good stuff, but I constantly use (and take with me on trips) a box of watercolors and a pencil case. What fits in the pencil case below.

Here is such artist's travel kit(but I don't consider myself an artist :)):

Everything that lives in a pencil case in detail
Top left:

• a bag of feathers (I rarely use them, but they risk getting lost anywhere else);
• scissors, adhesive tape (to stick any rubbish in notebooks) and another glue stick, which did not get into the frame because it was lying on the table;
• an automatic pencil (I couldn’t fall in love with the usual ones, they are sharp only for the first two seconds), rods for it, an eraser and a sharpener for everyone.

On the top right are three white gel pens (they are rare and even more rare good) and a white pastel pencil (the only thing I can carry over from pastels).
Bottom left to right:

• pen (which you have to disassemble to put in a pencil case);
• set of Faber Castell liners (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7)
• two more long-lived UniPin liners, I haven’t drawn with them for a long time, but they live in a pencil case for veteran merit;
• and again the liners, Copic, had a range from 0.1 to 1.0, then gave four, only 0.3 and 1.0 remained;
• two water brushes for watercolor - an indispensable thing when traveling;
• a stub of a straw for cocktails (used to create highly artistic blots);
• gray Copic markers;
• and a bunch of brushes (squirrels) cut to fit the pencil case.

And after each trip, a bunch of pebbles, twigs and leaves are raked out of the pencil case.

All liners and markers are larger and with a "breakdown". Kopikov’s liners have a “thinner” line (theirs are 0.3 like Faber-Castell’s 0.1), but for some reason I liked them less. They seem to end faster and the line is a little rough.
And gray copies from C1 to C7 plus black (100). They look different (oval and round in section) because I first had odd ones, and then even ones. Some say ciao, others have sketch, but I still don’t understand how they differ functionally (maybe just a different amount of ink?). And then they gave me more kopecks for my birthday, and they were already square in section. And here they are, yes, others, the part where the brush is smaller and more rigid. But more about markers.

In the photo there are also brushes, a tube and a larger watercolor (I have a watercolor from St. Petersburg "White Nights" and have not tried another yet). On paper, you can see just the blots that are made with a tube.
Water brushes of two sizes - water is poured into the tank and the brush is wet all the time. This is convenient for sketching while traveling, but limits in techniques.

This was my "working" set. And now about the rest of the wealth. Much of this has only recently appeared.
Tassels. With them, everything is just not very good. A bunch of squirrels in varying degrees of scab (and one gorgeous one they gave me), a few synthetics and a couple of bristles. My brushes often die from a more frequent activity than drawing - decoupage. Everyone wants to be good.

Markers and markers. There is a set of Faber Castell, which turned out to be too bright for me (but I still do not lose hope of making friends with them) and Copic, which I really like, but cost like a wing from an airplane. It’s good that almost all of the markers and felt-tip pens were given to me as a gift, otherwise I would have been completely crushed by a toad that such materials are lying around, and I rarely use them.

Kopics have a huge stretch of color and have very light, watercolor colors. And in those that I got first (gray, oval and round) a wide soft brush that can be painted like watercolor - strokes are not visible. With square copies, you can also achieve this effect, but there the brush itself is thinner and harder. And with Faber-Castell felt-tip pens, you can see every stroke. And the colors are very vibrant.
The Internet, of course, is full of masterpieces made by them, but so far my hands are not branching out from the right place for them. I will study 🙂
Here are the color samples. In Kopiks, even gray is not just gray, but it can be warm and cold.

Because of such a thin spectrum, shadows can be worked out well. Above in the photo is a drawing with Faber-Castell felt-tip pens (color), below - with copies (4 shades of gray + black).

Acrylic. I somehow don’t have enough of it (but I already ordered a gift from my husband for March 8 :)), but now I want to deal with it more closely.

In the meantime, a large tube of white, a few individual colors and a semi-dry set of some acidic shades.

Favorite spread - sepia ink on craft paper

And the last - outsiders - watercolor pencils and oils. I got the first pencils and I used them as a watercolor, diluted with water until I bought a watercolor set. Now they are rarely used for some reason.
And I'm still afraid to approach the oil. There was only one experience of an unfinished film about the Crimea, but I'm still gathering my courage and dreaming of taking it on. It's kind of serious and detailed. And unusual.

Tell me about your favorite art materials?