Poem Bronze Horseman was written in 1833, but during Pushkin’s lifetime it was never published because the emperor banned it. There is an opinion that the Bronze Horseman was supposed to be only the beginning of a long work conceived by Pushkin, but there is no exact evidence on this matter.

This poem is very similar to Poltava, its main themes are Russia and Peter the Great. However, it is deeper, more expressive. Pushkin actively uses such literary techniques as hyperbole and grotesque (the animated statue is a prime example of this). The poem is filled with typical St. Petersburg symbols: statues of lions, a monument to Peter, rain and wind in the autumn city, floods on the Neva...

Here, more than in other poems, vivid emotional vocabulary is used, thanks to which the reader understands what exactly is happening in the souls of the unfortunate heroes.

Images in the poem “The Bronze Horseman”

The introduction to the poem talks about Emperor Peter: he built St. Petersburg without thinking about ordinary people, not thinking that life in a city in a swamp could be dangerous... But for the emperor, the greatness of Russia was more important.

The main character of the poem- a young man named Evgeniy, an official. He wants little: just to live his ordinary life in peace... He has a fiancée - Parasha, ordinary girl. But happiness does not come true: they become victims of the St. Petersburg flood of 1824. The bride dies, and Evgeny himself manages to escape by climbing onto one of the St. Petersburg lions. But, even though he survived, after the death of his bride, Evgeny goes crazy.

His madness is caused by the awareness of his own powerlessness in the face of the disaster that happened in St. Petersburg. He begins to be angry with the emperor, who allowed such troubles in the city of his name. And thus he angers Peter: one fine night, when he approaches the monument to the emperor, he imagines that the Bronze Horseman (the equestrian statue of Peter the Great on Senate Square) comes down from his pedestal and chases him all night through the streets of St. Petersburg. After such a shock, Evgeniy cannot stand it - the shock was too strong, and in the end the poor fellow died.

In this poem, Pushkin compares two truths: the truth of Eugene, a private person, and the truth of Peter - the state. In fact, the entire poem is their unequal conflict. On the one hand, it is impossible to make an unambiguous conclusion about who is right: both are pursuing their own interests, both positions have the right to exist. However, the fact that in the end Evgeny still gives up (dies) makes it clear that, in the opinion of Pushkin himself, Peter is right. The greatness of the empire is more important than the tragedy of little people. A private person is obliged to submit to the will of the emperor.

It is interesting that in addition to Peter, Alexander the First also appears in the poem. He looks at the flood from the palace balcony and understands: the kings cannot cope with God’s elements. Thus, Pushkin builds a hierarchy: the emperor is higher common man, but God is higher than the emperor.

“The Bronze Horseman” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799 - 1837) is a poem or poetic story. In it, the poet combines philosophical, social and historical issues.

“The Bronze Horseman” is, at the same time, an ode to the great St. Petersburg and its creator Peter I, and an attempt to determine the place of the common man in history, and reflections on the hierarchy of the world order.

History of creation

“The Bronze Horseman,” written like “Eugene Onegin” in iambic tetrameter, became Pushkin’s last poem. Its creation dates back to 1833 and the poet’s stay on the Boldino estate.

The poem was read by the chief censor Russian Empire Nicholas I and was banned from publication by him. Nevertheless, in 1834, Pushkin published almost the entire poem in the “Library for Reading,” omitting only the verses crossed out by the Emperor. The publication took place under the title “Petersburg. Excerpt from the poem."

In its original form, The Bronze Horseman was published in 1904.

Description of the work

The introduction paints a majestic image of Peter I, who created a beautiful new city on the banks of the Neva - the pride of the Russian Empire. Pushkin calls it the best city in the world and praises the greatness of St. Petersburg and its creator.

Evgeny, an ordinary resident of St. Petersburg, a petty employee. He is in love with the girl Parasha and is going to marry her. Parasha lives in wooden house on the outskirts of the city. When the historic flood of 1824 begins, their house is washed away first and the girl dies. The image of the flood was given by Pushkin with an eye to historical evidence from magazines of that time. The entire city was washed away, many were killed. And only the monument to Peter proudly rises above St. Petersburg.

Evgeny is crushed by what happened. He blames Peter for the terrible flood, who built the city in such an inappropriate place. Having lost his mind, the young man rushes around the city until dawn, trying to escape the pursuit of the bronze horseman. In the morning he finds himself at the destroyed house of his bride and dies there.

Main characters

Eugene

The main character of the poem, Eugene, is not described by Pushkin with detailed accuracy. The poet writes about him “a metropolitan citizen, the kind you meet in the darkness,” thereby emphasizing his hero’s belonging to the type little man. Pushkin only stipulates that Evgeny lives in Kolomna and traces his history back to a once famous noble family, which has now lost its greatness and fortune.

Pushkin pays much more attention inner world and the aspirations of his hero. Evgeniy is hardworking and dreams of providing himself and his fiancée Parasha with his work a decent life for many years.

The death of his beloved becomes an insurmountable test for Eugene and he loses his mind. Description of Pushkin the insane young man full of pity and compassion. Despite the humiliation of the image, the poet shows human compassion for his hero and sees a true tragedy in his simple desires and their collapse.

Bronze Horseman (monument to Peter I)

The second hero of the poem can be called the Bronze Horseman. The attitude towards Peter I as a global personality, a genius, slips throughout the entire poem. In the introduction, Pushkin does not mention the name of the creator of St. Petersburg, calling Peter “he.” Pushkin gives Peter the power to command the elements and bind them with his own sovereign will. Moving the action forward a century, Pushkin replaces the image of the Creator with the image of a copper statue, which “raised Russia on its hind legs with an iron bridle.” In the author’s attitude towards Peter I, two points are observed: admiration for the will, courage, and tenacity of the first Russian Emperor, as well as horror and powerlessness before this superman. Pushkin poses an important question here: how to determine the mission of Peter I - the savior or tyrant of Russia?

Another historical figure also appears in the work - the “late emperor,” that is, Alexander I. With his image, the author strives to bring his poem closer to documentary.

Quotes

(Monument to Emperor Peter I "Bronze Horseman", St. Petersburg. Photo credit: Lee)

"...I love you, Petra's creation,

I love your strict, slender appearance..."

And all night long the poor madman, where he didn’t turn his feet,

The Bronze Horseman galloped behind him everywhere with a heavy stomp.”

Analysis of the work

“The Bronze Horseman”, despite its small scale (about 500 verses), connects several narrative plans at once. Here history and modernity, reality and fiction, details of private life and documentary chronicles meet.

The poem cannot be called historical. The image of Peter I is far from the image of a historical figure. Moreover, Pushkin sees in the Petrine era not so much the time of Peter’s reign, but rather its continuation into the future and its results in the modern world for him. The poet examines the first Russian emperor through the prism of the recent flood of November 1824.

The flood and the events described in connection with it constitute the main outline of the narrative, which can be called historical. It is based on documentary materials, which Pushkin discusses in the Preface to the poem. The flood itself becomes the main plot of the conflict in the poem.

The conflict itself can be divided into two levels. The first of them is factual - this is the death of the main character’s bride in the house demolished by the waters, as a result of which he goes crazy. In a broader sense, the conflict involves two sides, such as the city and the elements. In the introduction, Peter fetters the elements with his will, building the city of Petersburg on the swamps. In the main part of the poem, the elements break out and sweep away the city.

In the historical context, there is a fictional story, the center of which is a simple St. Petersburg resident Evgeniy. The rest of the city's inhabitants are indistinguishable: they walk the streets, drown in the flood, and are indifferent to Eugene's suffering in the second part of the poem. The description of the inhabitants of St. Petersburg and the ordinary course of its life, as well as the description of the flood, is very detailed and imaginative. Here Pushkin demonstrates the true mastery of his poetic style and command of language.

The events around Eugene are described by Pushkin with documentary space. The poet precisely mentions where the hero is at various moments of the action: Senate Square, Petrov Square, the outskirts of St. Petersburg. Such precision in relation to the details of the urban landscape allows us to call Pushkin’s work one of the first urban poems of Russian literature.

There is another important plan in the work, which can be called mythological. In its center is dominated by the statue of Peter, which Eugene curses for the flood that occurred and which chases the hero through the streets of the city. In the last episode, the city moves from real space to conventional space, reaching the limits of reality.

An interesting thought slips into the poem at the moment the “late emperor” appears on the balcony, who is unable to cope with the elements that are destroying the city. Pushkin here reflects on the sphere of power of monarchs and those environments that are not subject to it.

Poem “The Bronze Horseman” by A.S. Pushkin represents a special dedication of the poet to St. Petersburg. Against the background of the city, its history and modernity, the main events of the real part of the poem unfold, which are intertwined with mythological scenes of the creation of the city and the image of the Bronze Horseman.

In his poem “The Bronze Horseman,” Pushkin approaches one of the greatest problems, the problem of relations between the individual and society, the question of what to do when the interests of an entire society or state collide with the interests of individuals. Does an individual have the right to defend his rights, or is he obliged to submit resignedly to the iron will of fate?

Many attempts have been made to unravel the meaning of the Bronze Horseman. Belinsky, trying to find out how Pushkin resolved this problem, interpreted “The Bronze Horseman” in this way: before us is a clash of the general and the particular, the state and the individual; Peter, or, more precisely, his monument, “an idol on a bronze horse,” is the personification of the state and social necessity.

For the good of the whole, for the good of Russia, Peter had to build St. Petersburg. And if individuals suffer from the inconvenient position of the capital, located on a low shore of the bay, prone to floods, then they, these individuals, do not even have the right to protest. An individual must endure everything, must go to suffering and death without complaining, since the interests of the whole require it.

Evgeniy dared to protest, and for this he was terribly punished. “And with a humble heart,” says Belinsky, “we recognize the triumph of the general over the particular, without abandoning our sympathy for the suffering of this particular...

When we look at the Giant, proudly and unshakably rising in the midst of general death and destruction and, as it were, symbolically realizing the indestructibility of his creation, we, although not without a shudder of heart, admit that this bronze giant could not protect the fate of individuals, ensuring the fate of the people and states; what a historical necessity it is, and that his view of us is already a justification... Yes, this poem is the apotheosis of Peter the Great, the most daring, the most grandiose that could only have occurred to a poet who was fully worthy of being the singer of the great transformer of Russia.”

So, according to Belinsky, Pushkin is entirely on the side of Peter and condemns Evgeniy, who dared to protest. But the question inevitably arises: did Pushkin really come to such a cruel worldview? Really, in his opinion, does the individual really have no right to protest when he is oppressed by the general? And what is this “common” if not the sum of individual individuals? And is this “general” or even
“the majority” would have lost something if both Evgeniy and Parasha had not died? Did anyone really need their death?

Other opinions have been expressed on this issue; believed (for example, Merezhkovsky) that the poem does not at all give the right to think about the “apotheosis of Peter.” On the contrary, “The Bronze Horseman” is a protest against the cruel deed of the “idol”; Pushkin's sympathies are on the side of Evgeniy, and
if Pushkin did not express them more clearly, it was only because of censorship conditions. However, one has only to read the introduction to the story to become clear that Pushkin reveres Peter and sings a hymn to his creation.

On the shore of desert waves
He stood there, full of great thoughts,
And he looked into the distance.

This is how the poem solemnly begins. “He - Peter - is even written with a capital letter. He is a genius, he foresees the future.

So did Pushkin really pronounce such a cruel sentence on individuals that they must die and have no right even
grumble with impunity, even if their death was completely pointless?

The clue to the meaning of the “Bronze Horseman” must be seen in final words intros:

Show off, city of Petrov, and stand against your ancient enmity and captivity
Unshakable, like Russia. Let the Finnish waves forget
May he make peace with you and not be vainly angry
And the defeated element; Disturb Peter's eternal sleep.

Therefore, Pushkin considers the senseless death of people an abnormal and unjust phenomenon. This injustice disturbs “Peter’s eternal sleep,” but, unfortunately, we have to put up with it, since without it progress is impossible. But there will be an era when harmony will come, and then individuals will not suffer from the demands of the general.

There is another very important, casually expressed thought in “The Bronze Horseman” - a hint of a social nature. Most often it is the poor, the representatives of the lower social classes who have to die; the whole, the state, especially mercilessly crushes the poor classes. The fact that Evgeniy and Parasha died during the flood is, of course, an accident, but it is not an accident that the victims belonged to the poor class. None of the rich and powerful died. They do not live in shacks on the shore of the bay, but in luxurious stone houses and palaces, which are not afraid of any waves.

Even before the flood, Evgeniy had characteristic thoughts. He was thinking about
... That he was poor, that he had the labor of his mind and money. what is it?
He had to provide himself with such idle lucky ones,
Both independence and honor; Short-sighted, sloths,
What could God add to him? For whom life is so much easier!

Here Pushkin comes to no less important issue, to a huge social problem - to the idea that there are rich and poor, that their
fate is not the same, and that this is the greatest injustice of the modern social system...

“The Bronze Horseman” is a kind of poetic philosophy of the St. Petersburg period of Russian history: the mighty growth of the state; a spontaneous movement destroying thousands of lives, which can be said to be moving towards the west, and not towards the east; individual rights trampled upon by the “historical course of things,” personified in the powerful image of Peter; the legality and madness of protest against this “power of things” and, in the end, the moral and poetic necessity of introducing here a sense of humanity, pity and humanity, otherwise one remains either to spew out insane curses or to flee in panic.

Pushkin A. S. The Bronze Horseman, 1833 The method is realistic.

Genre: poem.

History of creation . The poem “The Bronze Horseman” was written in Boldin in the fall of 1833. In this work, Pushkin describes one of the most terrible floods, which occurred in 1824 and brought terrible destruction to the city.

In the work “The Bronze Horseman” there are two main characters: Peter I, present in the poem in the form of a coming to life statue of the Bronze Horseman, and the petty official Eugene. The development of the conflict between them determines the main idea of ​​the work.

Plot. The work opens with an “Introduction”, in which Peter the Great and his “creation” - St. Petersburg are glorified. In the first part, the reader meets the main character - an official named Eugene. He lies down, but cannot fall asleep, distracted by thoughts about his situation, that the bridges have been removed from the rising river and that this will separate him from his beloved Parasha, who lives on the other bank, for two or three days. The thought of Parasha gives rise to dreams of marriage and a future happy and modest life in the family circle, with a loving and beloved wife and children. Finally, lulled by sweet thoughts, Evgeniy falls asleep.

However, very soon the weather deteriorates and the whole of St. Petersburg finds itself under water. At this time, on Petrovaya Square, a motionless Evgeniy sits astride a marble statue of a lion. He looks at the opposite bank of the Neva, where his beloved and her mother live in their poor house very close to the water. With its back to it, towering above the elements, “stands with an outstretched hand an idol on a bronze horse.”

When the water recedes, Evgeniy discovers that Parasha and her mother are dead and their house is destroyed, and he loses his mind. Almost a year later, Evgeny vividly remembers the flood. By chance he finds himself at the monument to Peter the Great. Eugene threatens the monument in anger, but suddenly it seems to him that the face of the formidable king is turning to him, and anger sparkles in his eyes, and Eugene rushes away, hearing the heavy clatter of copper hooves behind him. All night the unfortunate man rushes around the city, and it seems to him that the horseman with a heavy stomp is galloping after him everywhere.

P problemmatics. A brutal clash of historical necessity with the doom of private personal life.

The problem of autocratic power and disadvantaged people

“Where are you galloping, proud horse, and where will you land your hooves?” — a question about the future of the Russian state.

Several thematic and emotional lines: the apotheosis of Peter and St. Petersburg, the dramatic narration of Eugene, the author's lyricism.

Intent: a symbolic clash of two polar opposite forces - an ordinary little man and the unlimited powerful force of an autocratic state

Eugene The image of a shining, lively, lush city is replaced in the first part of the poem by a picture of a terrible, destructive flood, expressive images of a raging element over which man has no control. The element sweeps away everything in its path, carrying away in streams of water fragments of buildings and destroyed bridges, “belongings of pale poverty” and even coffins “from a washed-out cemetery.” Among those whose lives were destroyed by the flood is Eugene, whose peaceful concerns the author speaks of at the beginning of the first part of the poem. Evgeny is an “ordinary man” (“little” man): he has neither money nor rank, “serves somewhere” and dreams of setting up a “humble and simple shelter” for himself in order to marry the girl he loves and go through life’s journey with her.

The poem does not indicate the hero's surname or his age; nothing is said about Eugene's past, his appearance, or character traits. Having deprived Evgeny of his individual characteristics, the author turns him into an ordinary, faceless person from the crowd. However, in an extreme, critical situation, Eugene seems to awaken from a dream, and throws off the guise of a “nonentity” and opposes the “brass idol”.

Peter I Starting from the second half of the 1820s, Pushkin was looking for an answer to the question: can autocratic power be reformist and merciful? In this regard, he artistically explores the personality and government activities of the “Tsar-Reformer” Peter I.

The theme of Peter was painful and painful for Pushkin. Throughout his life, he repeatedly changed his attitude towards this epochal image for Russian history. For example, in the poem “Poltava” he glorifies the victorious Tsar. At the same time, in Pushkin’s notes for the work “The History of Peter I,” Peter appears not only as a great statesman and worker-tsar, but also as an autocratic despot, a tyrant.

Pushkin continues his artistic study of the image of Peter in “The Bronze Horseman.” The poem “The Bronze Horseman” completes the theme of Peter I in the work of A. S. Pushkin. The majestic appearance of the Tsar-Transformer is depicted in the very first, sometimes solemn, lines of the poem:

On the shore of desert waves

He stood there, full of great thoughts,

And he looked into the distance.

The author contrasts the monumental figure of the king with the image of a stern and wildlife. The picture against which the figure of the king appears before us is bleak. Before Peter’s gaze is a wide-spread river rushing into the distance; There is a forest around, “unknown to the rays of the hidden sun in the fog.” But the ruler's gaze is directed to the future. Russia must establish itself on the shores of the Baltic - this is necessary for the country’s prosperity. Confirmation of his historical correctness is the fulfillment of the “thoughts of the great.” A hundred years later, at the time when the plot events begin, the “city of Petrov” became a “full-fledged” (northern) “div.” “Victory banners flutter at parades,” “slender masses crowd along the shores,” ships “in a crowd from all over the earth” come to “rich piers.”

The picture of St. Petersburg not only contains a response to Peter’s plan, it glorifies the sovereign power of Russia. This is a solemn hymn to her glory, beauty, and royal power. The impression is created with the help of elevating epithets (“city” - young, lush, proud, slender, rich, strict, radiant, unshakable), reinforced by the antithesis with the “desert” nature hostile to man and with the “poor, wretched” of its “stepson” - a little person. If the huts of the Chukhonians “turned black... here and there,” the forest was “unknown” to the sun’s rays, and the sun itself was hidden “in the fog,” then main characteristic Petersburg becomes light. (shine, flame, radiance, golden skies, dawn).

Nature itself strives to drive away the night, “spring days” have come for Russia; The odic meaning of the depicted picture is confirmed by the five-fold repetition in the author’s speech of the admiring “I love.”

The author's attitude towards Peter the Great is ambiguous . On the one hand, at the beginning of the work, Pushkin pronounces an enthusiastic hymn to the creation of Peter, confesses his love for the “young city”, before whose splendor “old Moscow faded.” Peter in the poem appears as an “Idol on a bronze horse”, as a “powerful ruler of fate.”

On the other hand, Peter the autocrat is presented in the poem not in any specific acts, but in the symbolic image of the Bronze Horseman as the personification of inhuman statehood. Even in those lines where he admires Peter and Petersburg, an intonation of alarm can already be heard:

O mighty lord of fate!

Aren't you above the very abyss,

At the height, with an iron bridle

Raised Russia on its hind legs?

The Tsar also appears as a “proud idol” before Eugene. And this idol is contrasted with a living person, whose “brow” is burning with wild excitement, in his heart there is a feeling of “constraint”, “flame”, whose soul is “boiling”.

Conflict . The conflict of “The Bronze Horseman” consists in the clash of the individual with the inevitable course of history, in the confrontation between the collective, public will (in the person of Peter the Great) and the personal will (in the person of Eugene). How does Pushkin resolve this conflict?

Critics have differing opinions about whose side Pushkin is on. Some believed that the poet substantiated the right of the state to dispose of a person’s life and took the side of Peter, since he understood the necessity and benefit of his reforms. Others consider Eugene’s sacrifice unjustified and believe that the author’s sympathies are entirely on the side of “poor” Eugene.

The third version seems to be the most convincing: Pushkin was the first in Russian literature to show all the tragedy and intractability of the conflict between the state and state interests and the interests of the private individual.

Pushkin depicts a tragic conflict between two forces (personality and power, man and state), each of which has its own truth, but both of these truths are limited and incomplete. Peter is right as a sovereign, history is behind him and on his side. Eugene is right as an ordinary person, behind him and on his side are humanity and Christian compassion

Plot-wise, the poem is completed, the hero died, but the central conflict remained and was conveyed to the readers, unresolved and in reality itself, the antagonism of the “upper” and “lower”, the autocratic government and the dispossessed people remained.

The symbolic victory of the Bronze Horseman over Eugene is a victory of strength, but not of justice. The question remains: “Where are you galloping, proud horse, and where will you land your hooves?” This is metaphorically expressed main question for the author, the question is about the future of the Russian state.

(Searching for an answer) The problem of the people and the authorities, the theme of mercy - in "The Captain's Daughter". Even in troubled times, it is necessary to maintain honor and mercy.

“...The best and most lasting changes are those that come from improving morals, without any violent upheaval”

Human relationships should be built on respect and mercy

Goodness is life-giving

The image of natural elements in A. S. Pushkin’s poem “The Bronze Horseman”

“The Bronze Horseman” is the first urban poem in Russian literature. The problems of the poem are complex and multifaceted. The poem is a kind of reflection by the poet on the fate of Russia, on its path: European, associated with the reforms of Peter, and original Russian. The attitude towards the actions of Peter and the city that he founded has always been ambiguous. The history of the city was represented in various myths, legends and prophecies. In some myths, Peter was represented as the “father of the Fatherland,” a deity who founded a certain intelligent cosmos, a “glorious city,” a “dear country,” a stronghold of state and military power. These myths originated in poetry and were officially encouraged. In other myths, Peter was the spawn of Satan, the living Antichrist, and Petersburg, founded by him, was a “non-Russian” city, a satanic chaos, doomed to inevitable extinction.

Pushkin created synthetic images of Peter and St. Petersburg. In them, both concepts complemented each other. The poetic myth about the founding of the city is developed in the introduction, oriented towards the literary tradition, and the myth about its destruction and flooding - in the first and second parts of the poem.

The two parts of the story depict two rebellions against autocracy: the rebellion of the elements and the rebellion of man. In the finale, both of these rebellions will be defeated: poor Eugene, who recently desperately threatened the Bronze Horseman, will reconcile, and the enraged Neva will return to its normal course.

The poem itself interestingly depicts the violence of the elements. The Neva, once enslaved, “taken captive” by Peter, has not forgotten her “ancient enmity” and with “vain malice” rebels against the enslaver. The “defeated element” is trying to crush its granite shackles and is attacking the “slender masses of palaces and towers” ​​that arose due to the mania of autocratic Peter. The city turns into a fortress, besieged by the Neva.

The Neva River, on which the city lies, indignant and violent:

In the morning over its banks

There were crowds of people crowded together,

Admiring the splashes, mountains

AND foam of angry waters.

But the force of the wind from the bay

Blocked Neva

I was walking back , angry, seething,

And flooded the islands.

… From the indignant depths

the waves rose and got angry,

There was a storm howling

There were debris flying around...

The story of the flood takes on folklore and mythological overtones. The enraged Neva is compared either to a frenzied “beast,” or to “thieves” climbing through the windows, or to a “villain” who burst into the village “with his ferocious gang.” The poem also mentions a river deity, and the violence of the elements is compared with it:

… water suddenly

Flowed into underground cellars,

Channels poured into the gratings,

And Petropol emerged like a newt,

Waist-deep in water.

For a moment it seems that the “defeated element” is triumphant, that Fate itself is for it: “The people are watching God’s wrath and awaiting execution. \ Alas! everything is dying..."

The revolt of the elements depicted by Pushkin helps to reveal the ideological and artistic originality of the work. On the one hand, Neva, water element- part of the urban landscape. On the other hand, the wrath of the elements, its mythological overtones, remind the reader of the idea of ​​St. Petersburg as a satanic city, non-Russian, doomed to destruction. Another function of the landscape is associated with the image of Eugene, the “little man.” The flood destroys Eugene's modest dreams. It turned out to be disastrous not for the city center and its inhabitants, but for the poor people who settled on the outskirts. For Evgeny, Peter is not "ruler of half the world" and only the culprit of the disasters that befell him is the one “...by whose fatal will \ Under the sea the city was founded...”, who did not take into account the fate of small people not protected from disaster.

The surrounding reality turned out to be hostile for the hero, he is defenseless, but Evgeny turns out to be worthy not only of sympathy and condolences, but at a certain moment arouses admiration. When Eugene threatens the “proud idol,” his image takes on the features of true heroism. At these moments, the pitiful, humble inhabitant of Kolomna, who has lost his home, a beggar vagabond, dressed in decaying rags, is completely reborn, strong passions, hatred, desperate determination, and the will to revenge flare up in him for the first time.

However, the Bronze Horseman achieves his goal: Eugene resigns himself. The second rebellion was defeated, just like the first. How after the riot of the Neva, “everything returned to the same order.” Eugene again became the most insignificant of the insignificant, and in the spring his corpse was like a corpse.

tramps and fishermen were buried on a deserted island, “for God’s sake.”

Unified State Examination Pushkin “The Bronze Horseman”

Read the given fragment of text and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.

Complete tasks B1-B7. Write your answer as a word, a combination of words, or a sequence of numbers.

Then, on Petrova Square,

Where a new house has risen in the corner,

Where above the elevated porch

With a raised paw, as if alive,

There are two guard lions standing,

On a marble beast,

Without a hat, hands clasped in a cross,

Sat motionless, terribly pale

Eugene. He was afraid, poor thing,

Not for myself. He didn't hear

How the greedy shaft rose,

Washing his soles,

How the rain hit his face,

Like the wind, howling violently,

He suddenly tore off his hat.

His desperate glances

Pointed to the edge

They were motionless. Like mountains

From the indignant depths

The waves rose there and got angry,

There the storm howled, there they rushed

Debris... God, God! there -

Alas! close to the waves,

Almost at the very bay -

The fence is unpainted, but the willow

And a dilapidated house: there it is,

Widow and daughter, his Parasha,

His dream... Or in a dream

Does he see this? or all ours

And life is nothing like an empty dream,

The mockery of heaven over earth?

And he seems to be bewitched

As if chained to marble,

Can't get off! Around him

Water and nothing else!

And my back is turned to him

In the unshakable heights,

Above the indignant Neva

Stands with outstretched hand

Idol on a bronze horse.

IN 1. Specify the genre of the work

AT 2. In what city do the events described in this work take place?

Answer: __________________________________

VZ. In The Bronze Horseman, Pushkin created a generalized artistic image of Eugene as a “little man.” What term is used to call such images?

Answer: __________________________________

AT 4. In the given fragment A.S. Pushkin uses a technique based on the repetition of homogeneous consonant sounds. Name it.

… Like mountains

From the indignant depths

The waves rose there and got angry,

There the storm was angry, there they rushed

Debris...

Answer: __________________________________

AT 5. A.S. Pushkin calls Peter I “an idol on a bronze horse.” Indicate a trope that is a replacement of a proper name with a descriptive phrase."

Answer: __________________________________

AT 6. Name a figurative and expressive means of language based on the comparison of objects or phenomena.

… or all ours

And life is nothing like an empty dream,

The mockery of heaven over earth?

Answer: __________________________________

AT 7. The poet in The Bronze Horseman perceives the flood not only as a natural phenomenon, but also as an analogue of life’s storms and hardships. What is the name of such a symbolic image, the meaning of which goes beyond the limits of the objective meaning?

Answer: __________________________________

To complete tasks C1 and C2, give a coherent answer to the question in 5-10 sentences. Rely on the author’s position and, if necessary, express your point of view. Justify your answer based on the text of the work. When completing task C2, select two works by different authors for comparison (in one of the examples, it is acceptable to refer to the work of the author who owns the source text); indicate the titles of the works and the names of the authors; justify your choice and compare the works with the proposed text in a given direction of analysis.

Write down your answers clearly and legibly, following the rules of speech.

C1. What role does the description of various natural phenomena play in this fragment?

(C1. How did Eugene’s fate change under the influence of the devastating flood?)

C2. In what works of Russian literature do natural forces participate in the destinies of the heroes, as in The Bronze Horseman, and in what ways is their role similar?

As in the poem by A.S. Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" is the power of the state opposed to the tragedy of the "little man" Evgeniy?

We use quotes and terms!!!

1. In the introduction, it is necessary to say about the time the work was written, about the theme or problematic of the poem, and name the conflict of the work, which is indicated in the topic.

2. In the main part of the essay we reveal the main conflict of the work.

— The majestic image of Peter in the introduction to the poem. Glorification of Russia's sovereign power. Historical necessity for the founding of the city.

— The tragedy of the “little man” Evgeniy.

— A symbolic clash of two polar opposite forces - an ordinary little man and the unlimited powerful force of an autocratic state in the images of the Bronze Horseman and Eugene.

Conflict resolution. Victory of force, but not of justice.

3. In conclusion:

- a specific answer to the question stated in the topic. (How...? - Symbolically in the images of the flood as an analogue of life’s storms and hardships. Symbolically in the images of the bronze horseman and the hunted, resigned Eugene.

SUBJECT:

Poem "The Bronze Horseman". Petersburg story.

Target:

Comprehension of the ideological and artistic originality of the poem.

Reveal the confrontation between the Bronze Horseman and Eugene in the poem;

Develop skills in analytical work with literary text,

the ability to analyze the thoughts and feelings not only of the author of the work, but also your own;

Show students the enduring value of the poem and A.S. Pushkin’s interest in the historical past of Russia

The poem "The Bronze Horseman" was written in October 1833 in Boldino, but could not be published immediately due to censorship reasons. It was published only a year after the death of the poet V.A. Zhukovsky with some edits. It was published in its entirety by P. V. Annenkov in 1857.

In this work, the genre of which Pushkin defined as Petersburg story , understanding continues personality of Peter I as a sovereign and a person, his role in the formation and development of Russia. It is no coincidence that Pushkin turns to the image of Peter, who in his interpretation becomes a kind of a symbol of willful, autocratic power. Despite everything, Peter builds Petersburg on the swamps so that “from here threaten the Swede”. This act appears in the poem as the highest manifestation of the autocratic will of the ruler, who “raised all of Russia on its hind legs.”

Addressing the theme of Peter I, the city he created, which became a “window to Europe,” took place against the backdrop of heated discussions about the ways of the country’s development. Opponents of the emperor’s activities and his reforms believed that by building a new city, which would play decisive role in accelerating the Europeanization of Russia, strengthening its political and military power, Peter did not take into account the natural conditions of the area on which Petersburg was built. To such natural conditions included swampiness, as well as the Neva’s tendency to flood. St. Petersburg was opposed to the mother throne of Moscow, which was created not by the will and design of one person, even if endowed with enormous power, but by Divine providence. The flood that occurred in St. Petersburg in the early 1820s and caused great loss of life was considered as the revenge of natural elemental forces for the violence committed. That was one point of view.

Composition of the poem . The poem raises a number of philosophical, social and moral problems. Their decision is subject to a clear composition. In two main parts the main conflict of the poem: natural elements, state power and interests of the individual. Pictures of the St. Petersburg disaster are conveyed dynamically and visibly.

Pushkin loves St. Petersburg, admires its beauty and the genius of its architects, but nevertheless the city has been under God's punishment for centuries for that original autocracy, which was expressed by Peter in the founding of the city on a place unsuitable for this. And floods are just a punishment, a kind of “curse” that weighs on the residents of the capital, a reminder to the inhabitants of Babylon of the crime that they once committed against God.

Plot The main part of the poem is built around the fate of an ordinary, ordinary person - Eugene and his bride Parasha, whose hopes for simple family happiness are destroyed as a result of a natural disaster.

Conflict The poem reaches its climax in the scene of the collision of the insane Eugene, who has lost the most precious thing in his life, with the monument to the creator of St. Petersburg - the Bronze Horseman. It is him, the “builder of the miraculous,” as he calls the “idol on a bronze horse” with malicious irony, that Eugene considers to be the culprit of his misfortune.

The image of Eugene is the image of that very “man of the crowd” who is not yet ready to accept freedom, who has not suffered for it in his heart, i.e. the image of an ordinary man in the street. The “Bronze Horseman” is a part of a person’s soul, his “second self,” which does not disappear by itself. In the words of Chekhov, a person must every day “squeeze the slave out of himself drop by drop”, carry out tirelessly spiritual work (compare with the idea developed by Gogol in “The Overcoat” that that man was created for a high purpose and cannot live by a dream about purchasing an overcoat, only in this case does he deserve the high name of Man). It is these ideas that will later be embodied in the work of Dostoevsky, who “from the inside” will describe the rebellion of the “little man” - the fruitless rebellion of the “poor in spirit.”

Idea : « Kings cannot cope with God's elements " Power suppresses the personality of an individual, his interests, but is unable to resist the elements and protect himself from it. The rebellious elements returned part of the city - the “small island” - to its original state. The natural elements are terrible and capable of taking revenge for their defeat not only on the winner, but also on his descendants. The townspeople, especially the poor inhabitants of the islands, became victims of the rebellious Neva.

QUESTIONS for self-test .

The author's position in the poem “The Bronze Horseman” caused different interpretations in criticism and literary criticism. Some, citing V. G. Belinsky, believed that A. S. Pushkin, in the image of Peter I, substantiates the tragic right of the state to dispose of a person’s private life (B. M. Engelhardt, G. A. Gukovsky, JI. P. Grossman). Others (V. Ya. Bryusov, A. V. Makedonov, M. P. Eremin and others), finding a humanistic concept in the poem, believe that the poet is completely on the side of poor Eugene. And finally, S. M. Bondi and E. A. Maimin see in “The Bronze Horseman” the “tragic intractability of the conflict,” according to which A. S. Pushkin presents history itself to make a choice between the “truths” of the Horseman and Eugene. Which of the above interpretations is closer to you and why? Determine your point of view on the author's position.