Verbs (verbs) in German vary according to persons, numbers and tenses. Changing verbs by person is called their conjugation. Verb. can be conjugated in all tenses, but in this article we will look in detail at the conjugation of German verbs in the present tense and briefly talk about the formation of personal forms in the past and future tenses.

Almost all verbs that we find in the dictionary (infinitive, or initial form (f-ma)) end in -en: machen, leben, spielen, wohnen, heißen... Accordingly, the part of the word without an ending is the stem of the verb. , to which personal endings are added.

Let us now understand what a face is and how it is expressed. A person is a grammatical category that expresses whether an action, event or state is related or not related to the participants in a speech situation. Verb. The first person expresses the attribution of the action to the speaker (or speakers), the second - to his interlocutor (or interlocutors), the third person refers to objects or subjects not participating in the conversation (speech situation). Those. The first person corresponds to the pronouns I (ich) and we (wir), the second - you (du) and you (ihr), the third - he (er), she (sie), it (es) and they (sie). Each of these f-m (in this case, a pronoun) corresponds to a special verbal f-m.

Singular (singular)					Plural (plural)
1.Person		leb-e	leb-en
		spiel-e	spil-en
		wohn-e	wohn-en
2. Person		leb-st	leb-t
		spiel-st	spiel-t
		wohn-st	wohn-t
3. Person		leb-t	leb-en
		spiel-t	spiel-en
		wohn-t	wohn-en

ATTENTION! In German, the third person singular pronoun – Sie – is used as a form of polite address to one person.

If the stem of the infinitive ends in -d or –t, then when forming the third person singular. between the stem of the verb. and the ending t produces an intermediate vowel e. For example: schneiden, baden, arbeiten, bieten – er, sie, es, man schneid-e-t, bad-e-t, arbeit-e-t, biet-e-t.

Also, an intermediate vowel can appear after a stem ending in -n (in some words, especially if the n is preceded by a consonant): segnen (to bless) - er segnet, begegnen (to meet) - er begegnet.

Particular attention when conjugating German verbs. you need to pay attention to those whose stem ends in consonants -s, -ß, -x or –z: heißen, küssen, kratzen, wachsen (grow), etc. In them, the phrases of the second and third persons are singular. match up:

	heiße		heißen
	küsse		küssen
	kratze		kratzen
	wachse		wachsen
	mixen		mixen
	heißt		heißt
	küsst		küsst
	kratzt		kratzt
	wächst		wachst
	mixt		mixt
	heißt		heißen
	küsst		küssen
	kratzt		kratzen
	wächst		wachsen
	mixt		mixen

Irregular verbs are particularly difficult, since when forming personal f-m second and third person singular at the root there is an alternation of vowels: sehen – du siehst, er sieht; wachsen – du wächst, er wächst; wissen – du weißt, er weißt. These verbs. you can find it in a special table, and on our website, of course, too.

We must not forget that when conjugating the verb. with separable prefixes, the prefix comes after the personal f-we verb. (the verb itself is conjugated as usual). Aufmachen, einkaufen:

er, sie, es, man

Let us now consider the conjugation of auxiliary verbs. haben, sein, werden, since their personal functions are used for education fm future and past tense. In addition, they can be used as full verbs.

sein
er, sie, es, man ist

haben
er, sie, es, man hat

werden
er, sie, es, man wird

Conjugation of German verbs. in the past time

1. I. Prä teritum, or imperfect. In this past tense, the same personal verb endings are used as in the present tense, only they are added to the imperfect stem (you can also read how this stem is formed on our website):

ich machte	wir machten
du machtest	ihr machtet
er, sie, es, machte	sie/Sie machten

2. II. Perfect. To form the perfect, the personal forms of the verb haben + past participle (Partizip II) discussed above are used:

Ich habe gemacht.

Du hast gespielt.

Wie haben eingekauft.

Conjugation of German verbs. in the future tense

1. I. Futurum I.

For education f-m future tenses, the personal forms of the verb werden + infinitive are used:

Ich werde Jura studieren.

Du wirst den Film sehen.

Ihr werdet das Zimmer aufräumen.

2. II. Futurum II. To form this tense, the personal forms of the verb werden are also used, but with the so-called. perfect infinitive:

Ich werde Jura studiert haben.

Du wirst den Film gesehen haben.

Ihr werdet das Zimmer aufgeräumt haben.

German verbs, like Russian ones, consist of a stem and an ending -en or -n.

Let's look at verb conjugation using a simple example:

learn en

The verb lernen (translation: teach, study) consists of a stem (red) and an ending (blue)

The endings of verbs, in turn, change depending on the person, number and tense in which the verb is used.

In German, as in Russian, there is

singular: I, you, he, she, it, you (polite form), woman, cat, boy

and plural: we, you, they, you (polite form), people, cities, books

There are also times. There are only six of them in German, but only five are used.

We'll start with the verb conjugation lernen in present time Präsens

Conjugation of weak verbs in Präsens

In German they also say: I teach, you teach, she teaches, we teach, and so on.

You will notice that the forms for er, sie, es and ihr are the same and have the ending -t, also the verb form for wir, sie, Sie is similar to the initial form of the verb, that is, the Infinitiv of the verb and has an ending -en.

Features of verb conjugation in the present tense

If the stem of the verb (weak or strong, not changing the root vowel) ends in -d, t or a combination of consonants chn, ffn, dm, gn, tm (e.g. antworten, bilden, zeichnen), then between the stem of the verb and the personal ending is inserted vowel e.

If the stem of the verb (weak or strong) ends in -s, -ss, -ß, -z, -tz (e.g. grüßen, heißen, lesen, sitzen), then in the 2nd person singular The s at the end is dropped, and verbs receive the ending -t.

Please note that the form of the verb when used politely (the pronoun you) in German coincides with the 3rd person plural.

You see that strong verbs also have conjugation features in the present tense.

The conjugations of such verbs can be carefully studied on a table specially developed by the Start Deutsch team

In addition to weak verbs, German has strong verbs:

a) Strong verbs in the 2nd and 3rd person singular modify the root vowel:

a, au, o receive an umlaut (e.g. fahren, laufen, halten)

vowel e becomes i or ie (geben, lesen)

b) For strong verbs with an inflected root vowel, the stem of which ends in -t, in the 2nd and 3rd person singular the connecting vowel e is not added, and in the 3rd person the ending is also not added (for example, halten - du hältst, er hält), and in the second person plural (where the root vowel does not change) they, like weak verbs, receive a connecting -e- (ihr haltet).

Also in the German language there are verbs whose conjugation must be learned by heart. These include:

Auxiliary verbs

sein (to be)

haben (to have)

werden (to become)

according to their morphological characteristics they belong to irregular verbs, which, when conjugated in the present, exhibit a deviation from the general rule.

Watch and learn the conjugation of auxiliary verbs in the present tense Präsens. When learning German, you need to know these verbs , because they are used not only in the present tense, but also with their help to form the past tense, the future tense and the passive, which is important in the German language.

AND modal verbs You also need to learn it by heart!

Please note that modal verbs in the 1st and 3rd person singular do not receive an ending -e and some of them lose the umlaut in the conjugation.

If this topic is not yet clear to you, then you can watch a video on conjugating German verbs in the present tense.

Now let's move on to conjugating verbs in the simple past tense Präteritum.

To construct a sentence in the simple past tense Präteritum you need to know the formation of three forms of the verb and choose the 2nd form Präteritum

1 form - Infinitive(initial verb form)
2 form - Präteritum(used to form the simple past tense Präteritum)
3 form - Patrizip 2(it is used to form the complex past tense Perfect)

Let's take the same verb lernen. As you already know, the verb lernen is a weak verb. In order for you to better understand this you, we will also conjugate the strong verb fahren. First, we need to select the form of the verb we need (highlighted in gray). Then look at the table and substitute the necessary endings.

lernen - lernte - gelern
fahren - fuhr - gefahren

That is, in the place in the table where there is a dash, the form Präteritum is used (lernte, fuhr, etc.)

You just need to remember the endings in this form and also correctly identify the 2nd form of the verb. That's all! Pretty simple, right?

They conjugate using the same principle auxiliary verbs in Präteritum:

Attention! Modal verbs are used in the past tense only in the Präteritum tense, even if you speak in Perfect!

Therefore, you need to memorize modal verbs in the form Präteritum!

Everything is not as complicated as it seems at first glance :)

Good luck in learning German!

Svetlana Kizhikova,

After English, verb conjugation will seem like a rather complicated topic to you, because verbs change not only by tense, but also by number and person. However, if we remember the most complex metamorphoses that occur with verbs in the Russian language, the conjugation of verbs in the German language will begin to be perceived as quite simple and logical. First you need to learn how to isolate the stem of the verb. It is to this that various endings will be attached. Let's look at German verbs in the initial form: heißen - to call, leben - to love, spielen - to play. As you can see, they all end in -en. This leaves us with the basics: heiß-, leb-, spiel-

Conjugating German verbs by person

First of all, let’s define what first, second and third person are. Everything is quite simple: the first person is the one who speaks or does (I, we - ich, wir), the second person is our interlocutor, the one to whom we are addressing (you, you - du, ihr), and the third person - these are the ones we are talking about (he, she, it, they - er, sie, es, sie). For example: “I am a game Yu" - the verb is in the first person form, "you are a game eat" - second person, "she's a game no" - third party. IN plural: "we are the game eat", "you are a game yeah"They're a game ut" Let's try to conjugate the German verb sitzen - to sit and the verb wohnen - to live. The results are summarized in a table. As you can see, there are much fewer ending options than in Russian.

Verb conjugation in German: nuances

So, in the first person singular you need to add the ending -e to the stem of the verb. In the second person singular, the verb takes on a consonant ending -st (or -t for words that end in -z or -s). These two endings need to be remembered first, because the pronouns “I” and “you” are used more often than others. All other endings can be divided into pairs: he/she/it and you - which means you need to use the ending -t, we or they/you - the ending -en. Please note that in the first case, “you” (ihr) is an address to a group of people, and not at all a polite address to one person, as is customary with us. In order to address one person as “you”, you need to use the pronoun Sie, the verbs in this case will have the ending -en.

Are the endings always the same?

Of course, it is not always possible to “glue” endings to the stem of a word; sometimes it just doesn’t sound right. For example, how do you say “it works”? If we add the required ending to the base of the verb arbeiten, we get arbeitt - cacophonous. Therefore, an additional vowel appears here - arbeitet. This rule applies to all verbs whose stem ends in -d or -t. For example: achten - sie achtet (she respects), fürchten - sie fürchtet (she is afraid). The same goes for words with a stem ending in -n, especially if there is a consonant before the -n. For example, segnen - sie segnet (she blesses), rechnen - sie rechnet (she counts), begegnen - sie begegnet (she meets).

Conjugation of strong verbs

But one should not think that everything is limited to the above-mentioned endings. Only weak verbs are declined this way. There is a group of verbs that require especially close attention. They are called strong. The conjugation of verbs from this group is accompanied not only by a change in the ending, but also in the root vowel. This applies only to the second and third parties. If the root contains the vowels “a” or “au”, then “a” will receive an umlaut. For example, fahren - to go, he is going - er fährst. If a strong verb has a vowel “e” at its root, then it turns into “i” or “ie”. For example, lesen - read, you read - liest. If the stem of a strong verb ends in t, then things get even more complicated. The endings shown in the table above vary. How to determine which verbs are strong and which are weak? There are tables of strong verbs - there are actually much fewer of them than weak ones, only about two hundred. During regular classes, doing exercises in the German language, including on other topics, the conjugation of verbs from the strong group is gradually and unnoticed by the student - the main thing is to practice more.

Exceptions

There are exceptions to any rule. Separately, we should consider the conjugation of verbs that do not fit into the schemes described above. It is quite difficult to see the logic in changing the forms of these verbs, so you just have to “memorize” them, but the matter is greatly simplified by the fact that they are extremely widely used. These are verbs: to be - sein, to become - werden, to have - haben.

Verb conjugation in German in itself is simple. However, to do this, you need to know exactly which group of verbs a particular verb belongs to. Then conjugating German verbs will not be difficult.

Weak verbs are one of the categories of verbs in the German language and they are called Schwache Verben. Such verbs can be recognized by the presence of certain suffixes in certain tenses.

So, what are the characteristics that make weak verbs stand out? This is the presence of suffixes –te in the past time Präteritum And –t in the past time Partizip II. At the same time, the vowel of radically weak verbs does not change when conjugated by tense.

Moreover, all weak verbs in German are divided into several groups.

1. Weak regular verbs
2. Weak irregular verbs
3. Weak verbs with an inseparable prefix
4. Weak verbs with separable prefix
5. Weak verbs ending in –ieren

For clarity, let's look at the conjugation of weak verbs by tenses Präteritum And Partizip II each of these groups separately.

Weak regular verbs

arbeiten (to work)	arbeitete	gearbeitet
baden (bathe)	badete	gebadet
brauchen (to need)	brauchte	gebraucht
danken (to thank)	dankte	gedankt
duschen (to take a shower)	duschte	geduscht
feiern (to celebrate)	feierte	gefeiert
fragen (to ask)	fragte	gefragt
frühstücken (to have breakfast)	frühstückte	gefrühstückt
glauben (to believe)	glaubte	geglaubt
holen (to bring)	holte	Geholt
hören (listen)	horte	gehört
kaufen (buy)	kaufte	gekauft
kochen (boil, cook)	kochte	gekocht
kosten (to cost)	kostete	gekostet
lächeln (smile)	lächelte	gelächelt
lachen (laugh)	lachte	gelacht
leben (to live)	lebte	gelebt
lernen (to study)	lernte	gelern
lieben (to love)	liebte	geliebt
malen (paint, draw)	malte	gemalt
machen (to do)	machte	gemacht
packen (to pack)	packte	gepackt
putzen (to clean)	putzte	geputzt
rauchen (smoking)	rauchte	geraucht
regnen (to go (about rain))	regnete	geregnet
reisen (to travel)	reiste	gereist
sagen (to speak)	sagte	gesagt
schenken (to give)	schenkte	geschenkt
schmecken (to be tasty)	schmeckte	geschmeckt
schneien (to go (about snow))	schneite	geschneit
segeln (to sail)	segelte	gesegelt
spielen (play)	spielte	gespielt
suchen (to search)	suchte	gesucht
tanzen (to dance)	tanzte	getanzt
trocknen (to dry)	trocknete	getrocknet
wandern (to go on a hike)	wanderte	gewandert
warten (to wait)	wartete	gewartet
wohnen (to live)	wohnte	gewohnt
zelten (to live in a tent)	zeltete	gezeltet

Weak irregular verbs

	Past tense form of the verb Präteritum	Past tense form of the verb Partizip II
bringen (to bring)	brachte	gebrachte
denken (to think)	dachte	gedacht
kennen (to know)	kannte	gekannt
wissen (to know)	wusste	gewusst

Weak verbs with an inseparable prefix

	Past tense form of the verb Präteritum	Past tense form of the verb Partizip II
beeinflussen (to influence)	beeinflusste	beeinflusst
bemerken (to notice)	bemerkte	bemerkt
bestellen (order)	bestellte	bestellt
besuchen (to visit)	be suchte	be sucht
bezahlen (to pay)	bezahlte	bezahlt
erklären (to explain)	erklärte	erklärt
erzählen (tell)	erzählte	erzählt
überraschen (to surprise)	überraschte	überrascht
verdienen (earn)	verdiente	verdient
verkaufen (to sell)	verkaufte	verkauft
versuchen (to try)	versuchte	versucht

Weak verbs with separable prefix

	Past tense form of the verb Präteritum	Past tense form of the verb Partizip II
abholen (to pick up)	holte ab	abgeholt
aufhören (to stop)	hörte auf	aufgehort
aufmachen (open)	machte auf	aufgemacht
durcharbeiten (to work through)	arbeitete durch	durchgearbeitet
einkaufen (purchase)	kaufte ein	eingekauft
kennenlernen (to meet)	lernte kennen	kennengelern
mitbringen (bring with you)	brachte mit	mitgebracht
zurückzahlen (give money back)	zahlte zurück	zurückgezahlt

Weak verbs ending in –ieren

	Past tense form of the verb Präteritum	Past tense form of the verb Partizip II
demonstrieren (to demonstrate)	demonstrierte	demonstriert
dekorieren (to decorate)	dekorierte	dekoriert
diskutieren (to debate)	diskutierte	diskutiert
probieren (to try)	probierte	probiert
studieren (to study at university)	studierte	studiert

German for beginners with a native speaker...Introductory word

Elena Shipilova

German language 1

For beginners 1

With native speaker 1

German for beginners with native speaker 2

Lesson 1. Verb conjugation. Verb sein. Numerals 3

Pronouns in German 3

Verbs in German 3

Verb conjugation wohnen 4

Conjugation of the verb denken 4

Verb conjugation heißen 4

Exercise 1. Verbs in German 5

Read and listen to a short text. 5

Exercise 2. Conjugating verbs in German. 5

Put the verbs into the correct form. 5

Nouns in German 6

Numerals in German 6

Verb conjugation sein 7

Exercise 3. Verb sein. 7

Let's sum up the pleasant results 8

Additional materials on topic 8

Lesson 1. Verb conjugation. Verb sein. Numerals

Before you begin, MUST download the audio version of the lesson in mp3 with additional explanations.

In this lesson we learn how to build the most simple sentences.

To do this, we will get acquainted with such concepts as pronouns (I, you, he, she, etc.), verb(ask, talk, go, live, think, etc.), numerals (1, 2, 5, 20, 199, etc.).

Pronouns in German

The German language has the following pronouns:

Pronouns
ich	I
du	You
er	He It
wir	We
ihr	You ( plural, e.g., hey you, two from the casket, identical in appearance)
Sie Sie	They ( There are many of them, for example, employees in the office for the boss are them); You ( polite address, for example, to a boss or to a stranger)

Verbs in German

The iron rule of the German language: All verbs in German Always have basis plus ending -en or simply –n

wohnen(live) denken(think)

heiß en(to name, to be called)
learnen(learn)
studieren(study)
verdienen(earn)
arbeiten(work)
commen(to come, to come)
sprechen(speak)
speichern(save, save)

Conjugation of the verb wohnen

In order to correctly put the verb into the required form, for example, the verb “to live” - wohnen, and to say “he lives” and not “he lives”, you need to remove this ending - en and depending on the pronoun, add the following endings to the stem of the verb:

ich wohn+e- I'm alive at
du wohn+st- you are alive eat
er, sie, es wohn+t- he, she, it is alive no
wir wohn+en- we are alive eat
ihr wohn+t- are you alive yeah
sie, Sie wohn+en– they are alive ut, you are alive yeah

Wohnen
ich	wohn+ e
du	wohn+ st
er, sie, es	wohn+ t
wir	wohn+ en
ihr	wohn+ t
sie, sie	wohn+ en

Conjugation of the verb denken

The verb “to think” that is often used in life is denken:

ich denk+e– I think Yu
du denk+st- you think eat
er, sie, es denk+t- he, she, it thought no
wir denk+en- we think eat
ihr denk+t- you think yeah
sie, Sie denk+en- they think ut, you think yeah

Conjugation of the verb heißen

Verb heiß en- to call, to be called (letter ß read as "ss"). Without it, you cannot introduce yourself or ask what the name of this or that object is. It changes a little not according to the rules, but at this stage you just need to remember it.

ich heiß e – me call ut
du heiß t – you call ut
er, sie, es heiß t – his her call ut; This calling ut
wir heiß en – us call ut
ihr heiß t – you call ut
sie, Sie heiß en – their call ut, You call ut

Exercise 1. Verbs in German

Read and listen to a short text.

Your task is to hear familiar words. German speech should not shock you if you hear it for the first time. The more words you know, the more you will understand. Therefore, learn the words! :) Verbs will be highlighted in bold so that you remember as best as possible:

Ich heiße Melanie. Ich bin Deutsche, aber ich whoa in Prag. Ich habe einen Bruder. Er heißt Martin und er ist vierundzwanzig Jahre alt. Er arbeitet in Prag an der Uni. Wir haben auch eine Schwester, Annette. Sie studiert an der Uni in München. Meine Mutter kommt nächste Woche, um mich zu besuchen. Sie bleibt drei Wochen lang.

Frau Müller kommt aus Düsseldorf. Sie wohnt seit 3 ​​Monaten in Köln. Ihr Vorname ist Lea. Ihre Geschwister heißen Paul, Martin and Eva. Lea ist verheiratet. Heute Abend mast sie eine Party. Sie wünscht sich viele Geschenke. Zur Party commen viele Freunde. Peter kommt aus Hamm. Er spielt Gern Fußball. Seine Freundin wohnt in Nürnberg. Sie heißt Petra. Peter and Petra lernen Spanisch. Im August fahren sie nach Barcelona. Fur die Reise brauchen sie viel Geld. Heute gehen sie in die Stadt. Petra kauft Viele Sachen. Sie fahren mit dem Taxi nach Hause.

Exercise 2. Conjugation verbs V German language.

Put the verbs into the correct form.

Verb conjugation in German. Put the verbs in the correct form (add the required ending):
Tip 1: new is being generated! Try it ;-)
Tip 2: use the key TAB

Nouns in German

You may have noticed that some words in the text are capitalized. These are not only names and names of cities. In German you need to remember:

We will talk about nouns and articles in more detail in lesson 7.

Numerals in German

Let's add to our material quantitative numerals that are most often used in life, with the help of which we can talk about age.

0 to 9	From 10 to 19	From 20 to 29	Dozens
0 – null 1 – eins 2 – zwei 3 – drei 4 – vier 5 – fünf 6 – sechs 7 – sieben 8 – acht 9 – neun	10 – zehn 11 – elf 12 – zwolf 13 – drei zehn (3,10 ) 14 – vier zehn (4,10 ) 15 – fünf zehn (5,10 ) 16 – sech zehn 17 – sieb zehn 18 – acht zehn 19 – neun zehn	20 – zwanzig 21 – ein undzwanzig (1 And 20 ) 22 – zwei undzwanzig (2 And 20 ) 23 – drei undzwanzig (3 And 20 ) 24 – vier undzwanzig 25 – fünf undzwanzig 26 – sechs undzwanzig 27 – sieben undzwanzig 28 – acht undzwanzig 29 – neun undzwanzig	10 – zehn 20 – zwan zig 30 – drei ßig 40 – vier zig 50 – fünf zig 60 – sech zig 70 – sieb zig 80 – aht zig 90 – neun zig 100 – hundert

To better remember the numerals (but don’t try to do it the first time, you already need to learn a lot today), let’s remember mathematics, go shopping and visit the train station.

Wie viel ist?
3+20=23
67-54=13
99+1=100
77-67=10
59-45=14

Was it das?
Prices: 9.99 (euro), 45.49 (euro), 16.80 (euro), 44.39 (euro), 99.99 (euro), 55.90 (euro).

Bahnhof(railway station)

Der Zug kommt um 13.57 Uhr an. (Train arrives at 13.57) Der Zug fährt um 23. 57 Uhr ab. (Train leaves at 23.57)

Conjugation of the verb sein

To the numerals we will add another very important verb in the German language sein- "be". Analogous to the English “to be”. In Russian, the dash is often replaced or simply omitted.

Foreigners say:
I There is man. He There is in the park. She There is Houses. We There is in Kyiv. They There is satisfied. I There is is ill. She There is healthy.
We are speaking:
I am a man. He (There is) in the park. She (There is) Houses. We (There is) in Kyiv. They (There is) satisfied. I (There is) is ill. She (There is) healthy.

The verb does not change according to the rules, you just need to remember:

sein
ich	bin
du	bist
er, sie, es	ist
wir	sind
ihr	seid
sie, sie	sind

Using a verb sein You can talk about age:

Ich bin sechsundzwanzig(26) Jahre alt (literally “I There is 26 years old"). - I am 26 years old.
Er ist vierzig(40) Jahre alt. - He's 40 years old.
Du bist zwanzig(20) Jahre alt. – You are 20 years old.

Exercise 3. Verb sein.

Put the verb sein in the correct form:

Tip 1: after doing this exercise new is being generated! Try it ;-)
Tip 2: use the key TAB for more convenient movement between answer entry fields.

Let's sum it up nicely

You can already say what your name is, where you live, where you work, where you come from, whether you earn good money, whether you study or work, how old you are.

After this lesson, you already know the difference between the words lernen and studieren, if you carefully listened to the mp3 audio part with the German Katya.

You listened to live German speech and tuned your ears to the German wave. It will be easier later! :)

Child's world. Beauty. Cooking. Internet. Fashion & Style. Real estate. Animals 2023 sks-m.ru