• “Of the five thousand residents of Rostov celebrating Airborne Forces Day, only one and a half thousand actually served in the airborne forces”
  

Today is Airborne Forces Day!

Airborne Forces Day!

Day of the Paratroopers or “Landing Forces”!

Of course, every year, the “Landing Forces” are becoming quieter. Grandiose fights and showdowns with the “Watermelon” mafia in the markets are slowly becoming a thing of the past. Still, our country is becoming more and more tough on all kinds of lawlessness, on the one hand, on the other hand, we are fighting in some places around the world. And it has long been noticed that if the country’s Army conducts real combat operations, less people bathes in fountains and goes to protest rallies.

Therefore, the question is always relevant: how to distinguish a real paratrooper from one who simply puts on a vest and takes it, or maybe even wears a “Throwaway” tattoo, drinks in the fountain and tells army stories.

By the way, this is what distinguishes Muscovites. Anyone who served in the Airborne Forces knows that rotten soldiers are more often found among those drafted from Moscow...

Of course not all, there are many excellent fighters among the guys from Moscow. I myself had a “friend” from the Capital in the army.

But honestly, everyone knows that among the residents of Moscow there are “not very good comrades”, more than from the outskirts of the country...

In our company there was a “Muscovite”, the only communist among the soldiers. By the way, he was sent to the army after “shar” (shar or sharatsya is another slang expression in the army and airborne forces) in civilian life. He was the released secretary of the Komsomol, I don’t remember where. There was a reprieve, but he got knocked up and was sent to serve in elite troops. I'm sure he bathes in the fountain and drinks in a beret and vest.

But for every real paratrooper there are several fake ones. So let's start learning to identify the deceiver. I will give below a few questions and some detailed answers to these questions.

Knowing the answers to these questions, you can identify a fake “Landing”!

1. Where did you serve?

The answer to the Airborne Forces or DShB does not work, just like the DMB (this is demobilization!). As well as the place of service, such as Pskov, Ryazan, and so on. Maybe he's heard enough army tales from his older brother or neighbor. By the way, addition, in the military camp of the airborne unit there may even be construction battalions. For example in Pskov. If anyone remembers, soldiers from the construction battalion went to the photographer and took photos in the “demobilization parade with axels” and blue beret. They sent us home and boldly told us that they were serving in the Airborne Forces. Of course they did it secretly. The construction battalions were not very fond of landings. In Pskov, there was a garrison lip (gaubwatch), this is a place where soldiers and officers are detained for minor and major violations of military discipline. The lip was guarded by the guard of the Pskov division

2. Part number?

Each military unit has a number. The unit number is hammered into the soldier's head. As well as the number of the machine gun and military ID. I served almost 30 years ago and still remember.

3. What is the VUS?

VUS, this military registration specialty is written on the Military ID. If such a Landing is shown to you by his military officer, then looking at his VUS, you will understand who he really is. “Military specialty (MRS) is an indication of the military specialty of an active or reserve service member of the Russian Armed Forces and other troops and formations. Information about the military service is entered into the military ID. All VUS are divided into groups; the VUS designation itself is a multi-digit number (for example, VUS-250400).

Possible list of military specialties

Apparently, there are no open sources containing decryption of the codes of all currently operating VUS: the VUS catalog is a document of the Russian Ministry of Defense with the secrecy level “Secret”.

The first three digits of the VUS for warrant officers, sergeants, foremen and soldiers indicate specialization (VUS code), for example:

100 - rifle
101 - snipers
102 - grenade launchers
106 - military reconnaissance
107 - units and units of the Special Forces
122 - BMD
461 - HF radio stations
998 - without military training, fit for military service
999 - the same thing, only LIMITEDLY fit for military service, etc.

The following three digits indicate the position (position code):

97 - ZKV
182 - KO
259 - MV
001 - battery operator, etc.

The letter at the end indicates “special characteristics of the service”:

A - having none
B - missile weapons specialists
D - Airborne Forces
K - crew of surface ships
M - MP
P - V.v.
R - PV (FPS)
S - Ministry of Emergency Situations (?)
T - construction parts and divisions
F - SpN, etc.
E - Flight personnel for warrant officers, sergeants, soldiers

4. How many times did you jump? Usually you will hear mind-boggling numbers of 30-40-50, or maybe 100 jumps. “The annual norm for a conscript soldier is 12 jumps, 6 in each training period. In general, parachute training is a mandatory condition of service in the Airborne Forces. Everyone is parachuted - from the general to the private" - interview with Shamanov. For those who don't know, Vladimir Shamanov Commander of the Airborne Forces and Colonel General. Even in the USSR, jump more than 20 times, for conscript service was problematic. Because the soldier went on guard duty (this is when a man with a gun buries “Guba”, warehouses and parks with equipment), went on duty in the park (where the equipment is located), and finally on duty in the dining room (where he peeled potatoes, set the table and washed the dishes), stood “on the bedside table” (company duty), and so on... In the army there was self-service, the soldier did everything himself and no one freed him to make the jump. Of course, there were sports companies in the army. These are free units where soldiers mainly train and perform for the unit. For example, where I served, there was a “squadron”. Conscripts were skydiver athletes who did nothing but jump and compete. But this is a separate caste, they even wore a unique uniform, officer’s greatcoats and shoulder straps of conscripts. The beginnings of a contract army. I'm not talking about contract sergeants and warrant officers. They were already professional soldiers then. But an ordinary paratrooper did not jump very much. Just like now. Only “for demobilization” could they buy a “nausea” (a parachutist badge in the form of a dome with a pendant in the form of numbers according to the number of jumps) with a large number of jumps.

5. Did you jump in combat? Many fake paratroopers do not know that the Airborne Forces and special forces in every possible way can jump in several options.

I will give the simplest ones:

Without weapons and RD (Paratrooper's Backpack)

With taxiway and weapon in transport position. An assault rifle, SVD and even an RPG, in a special transport case, are “screwed” behind the back of the dashing landing force.

With taxiway and main body (Cargo Container)

With a combat weapon, on the chest under the chest strap of the harness. Allows you to fire while descending by parachute, straight from the sky.

Then there are night ones, in the forest, on the water, at high altitudes, and so on. Only no one jumps inside the equipment, although this option was developed for war. The son of the legendary founder of the Airborne Forces Vasily Margelov, Alexander Margelov, made a parachute jump inside a BMD-1 back in 1973. For this feat, he was awarded the title of Hero of Russia, 20 years later... Since then, more than 110 people have jumped inside the equipment, but these are testers. An ordinary paratrooper who tells you about this is simply pi....!

6. Have you jumped with the ISS? For reference, the ISS is a Multidome system for landing equipment, for example the ISS-5-760. A person simply cannot jump with this crap. But I met Landing Forces who claimed that they jumped with it... In the Airborne Forces they jump mainly with parachutes: D-1-8 is the oldest parachute, created back in 1959. This parachute has the main advantage, the canopy cover clings through an extension halyard to an airplane or helicopter. The paratrooper doesn't even have a ring. They took me to the hatch and gave me a kick in the ass. Then everything works automatically without any devices. This is the perfect parachute for your first jump. 300% guarantee, the main thing is not to twist the slings during installation. D-1-5U is the oldest controlled parachute. D-6 and all its modifications. You have seen this dome in most films about the Airborne Forces. The paratroopers fly for some time on a stabilizing small canopy. The same canopy extends the main canopy of the parachute if you pull the ring or when a belay device like PPK-U is triggered. PPK-U - Semi-automatic Parachute Combined Unified (device) - designed to deploy the parachute pack (after a certain period of time at a certain altitude). Now they are planning to supply the D-10 to the troops. PSN - Parachute Special Purpose. I jumped with PSN-71, it is more controllable. It has rolls for better handling (which we were forbidden to unlock) and locks on the suspension system. When landing, you can immediately unfasten the canopy. For example, in the wind, when jumping into water or in battle. Created for the GRU Spetsnaz and Airborne reconnaissance companies. Software - Planning Shell. These are the same rectangular “wings” or “mattresses” on which all athletes now jump. From PO-9, from the times of the USSR, to modern PO-16, PO-17 and the famous “Crossbows”. A conscript has never jumped with such canopies!

7. And finally, what is “Razor - Smile”? Or did they shave you with a smile? This is a flexible pin from the same PPK-U device. In the Airborne Forces and among civilian paratroopers, the most fashionable keychain and souvenir. On the neck, on the keys and so on. When straightened, the hairpin specifically catches the hairs, no worse than an epilator. In the army it is used to punish careless soldiers, and just for fun. Airborne humor, I shaved with a smile. Did they shave you with a smile? Only understandable to paratroopers.

In principle, there is still a lot of information that only those who served in the Airborne Forces can know. But I think that what I wrote will be enough to identify the fake paratroopers who disgrace the glorious name of Uncle Vasya’s Troops. Vasily Margelov is the founder of the Airborne Forces and the father of all paratroopers!

Happy Airborne Forces Day to all real paratroopers!
Nobody except us!

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Airborne troops are required to undergo jump training even at the training stage. Then the skills of parachute jumping are used during combat operations or demonstration performances. Jumping has special rules: requirements for parachutes, aircraft used, and training of soldiers. The landing party needs to know all these requirements for a safe flight and landing.

A paratrooper cannot jump without training. Training is a mandatory stage before the start of real airborne jumps; during it, theoretical training and jumping practice take place. All the information that is told to future paratroopers during training is given below.

Aircraft for transportation and landing

What planes do paratroopers jump from? Russian army on this moment uses several aircraft to drop troops. The main one is IL-76, but other flying machines are also used:

• AN-12;
• MI6;
• MI-8.

The IL-76 remains preferred because it is most conveniently equipped for landing, has a spacious luggage compartment and maintains pressure well even at high altitudes if the landing party needs to jump there. Its body is sealed, but in case of emergency, the compartment for paratroopers is equipped with individual oxygen masks. This way, every skydiver will not experience a lack of oxygen during the flight.

The plane reaches speeds of approximately 300 km per hour, and this is the optimal indicator for landing in military conditions.

Jump height

From what height do paratroopers usually jump with a parachute? The height of the jump depends on the type of parachute and the aircraft used for landing. The recommended optimal landing altitude is 800-1000 meters above the ground. This indicator is convenient in combat conditions, since at this altitude the aircraft is less exposed to fire. At the same time, the air is not too thin for the paratrooper to land.

From what height do paratroopers usually jump in non-training situations? The deployment of the D-5 or D-6 parachute when landing from an IL-76 occurs at an altitude of 600 meters. The usual distance required for full deployment is 200 meters. That is, if the landing begins at a height of 1200, then the deployment will occur at around 1000. The maximum permissible during landing is 2000 meters.

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More advanced models of parachutes allow you to start landing from a level of several thousand meters. Thus, the modern D-10 model allows landing at a maximum altitude of no more than 4000 m above the ground. In this case, the minimum permissible level for deployment is 200. It is recommended to start deployment earlier to reduce the likelihood of injury and a hard landing.

Types of parachutes

Since the 1990s, Russia has used two main types of landing parachutes: D-5 and D-6. The first is the simplest and does not allow you to adjust the landing location. How many lines does a paratrooper's parachute have? Depends on the model. The sling in D-5 is 28, the ends are fixed, which is why it is impossible to adjust the direction of flight. The length of the slings is 9 meters. The weight of one set is about 15 kg.

A more advanced model of the D-5 is the D-6 paratrooper's parachute. In it, the ends of the lines can be released and the threads can be pulled, adjusting the direction of flight. To turn left, you need to pull the lines on the left, to maneuver to the right side, pull the thread on the right. Square parachute canopy the same as D-5 (83 square meters). The weight of the kit is reduced - only 11 kilograms, it is most convenient for paratroopers still in training, but already trained. During training, about 5 jumps are made (with express courses), D-6 is recommended to be issued after the first or second. There are 30 rafters in the set, four of which allow you to control the parachute.

D-10 kits have been developed for complete beginners; this is an updated version, which only recently became available to the army. There are more rafters here: 26 main and 24 additional. Of the 26 stops, 4 allow you to control the system, their length is 7 meters, and the remaining 22 are 4 meters. It turns out that there are only 22 external additional lines and 24 internal additional ones. Such a number of cords (all of them are made of nylon) allow maximum flight control and course correction during disembarkation. The dome area of ​​D-10 is as much as 100 square meters. At the same time, the dome is made in the shape of a squash, a convenient green color without a pattern, so that after the landing of the paratrooper it would be more difficult to detect.

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Rules for deplaning

The paratroopers disembark from the cabin in a certain order. In IL-76 this happens in several threads. For disembarkation there are two side doors and a ramp. During training activities, they prefer to use exclusively side doors. Disembarkation can be carried out:

• in one stream of two doors (with a minimum of personnel);
• in two streams from two doors (with an average number of paratroopers);
• three or four streams of two doors (for large-scale training activities);
• in two streams both from the ramp and from the doors (during combat operations).

The distribution into streams is done so that the jumpers do not collide with each other when landing and cannot get caught. There is a small delay between threads, usually several tens of seconds.

Mechanism of flight and parachute deployment

After landing, the paratrooper must calculate 5 seconds. It cannot be considered a standard method: “1, 2, 3...”. It will turn out too quickly, the real 5 seconds will not pass yet. It’s better to count like this: “121, 122...”. Nowadays the most commonly used counting is starting from 500: “501, 502, 503...”.

Immediately after the jump, the stabilizing parachute automatically opens (the stages of its deployment can be seen in the video). This is a small dome that prevents the paratrooper from spinning while falling. Stabilization prevents flips in the air, in which a person begins to fly upside down (this position does not allow the parachute to open).

After five seconds, stabilization is completely removed, and the main dome must be activated. This is done either using a ring or automatically. A good paratrooper must be able to adjust the opening of the parachute himself, which is why trained students are given kits with a ring. After activating the ring, the main dome opens completely within 200 meters of fall. The duties of a trained paratrooper paratrooper include camouflage after landing.

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Safety rules: how to protect troops from injury

Parachutes require special treatment and care to ensure that jumps using them are as safe as possible. Immediately after use, the parachute must be folded correctly, otherwise its service life will be sharply reduced. An incorrectly folded parachute may not function during landing, resulting in death.

Skydiving is popular in modern world. Some people engage in this sport professionally, for others, skydiving is a way to tickle their nerves and get a dose of adrenaline. Has anyone ever wondered how many lines a parachute has?

What is a parachute?

The parachute is an ingenious and simple invention by an engineer from St. Petersburg, Gleb Evgenievich Kotelnikov. He was the first to create a backpack device and received a patent for his invention in nineteen hundred and twelve.

A parachute is a hemisphere made of fabric, to which a load or suspension system is attached using straps. It is designed to slow down and soften a fall from a height. Used for the safe landing of a person or cargo, it has several varieties.

How many lines do parachutes have?

This is of course very interest Ask. There are several types of parachutes, all of them with different numbers of lines. There is a main parachute and a reserve, landing, army and cargo. There are main and additional slings, they are all made from high-quality durable fiber and can withstand a load (each) of up to two hundred kilograms. To answer the question of how many lines a parachute has, you need to consider each instance separately.

Army parachute

The armed forces have been using parachutes of the same series for many years. From the sixties to the present day these are D-5 and D-6 parachutes. They differ in size, weight and number of lines.

How many lines does the D-5 army parachute have? There are twenty-eight of them, nine meters each. The parachute itself is dome-shaped and cannot be controlled. Land with it however and wherever you are lucky. This is the only but serious minus of this series.

Next, the D-6 parachute was released. It has thirty lines. Twenty-eight are normal, and two are designed to control the dome. They are located in the side slits of the parachute. If you pull these lines, you can turn and rotate the canopy in the desired direction. This is very useful quality, if the landing does not take place at a training ground, but in mountainous conditions, forest areas or in a place where there are bodies of water.

Paratrooper's parachute

In order for paratroopers to feel calm during a jump, they are provided with D-10 series parachutes. This is an improved version of the D-6. It has the shape of a squash, the dome size is one hundred square meters! Even a novice skydiver can easily control this parachute. The ease of control depends on how many lines are in the landing parachute: the more there are, the easier it is to control.

The D-10 has twenty-six main lines: twenty-two four-meter lines and two seven-meter lines attached to loops in the canopy slits. There are also twenty-two additional slings located on the outside, their length is three meters, made of durable ShKP-150 cord.

There are also twenty-four additional internal lines. They are attached to additional slings. Two additional ones are attached to the second and fourteenth at once. This is the answer to the question of how many lines are in an airborne parachute. The D-10 is considered one of the safest parachutes in history.

Why do you need a reserve parachute?

The parachutist must have a reserve parachute when jumping. It is designed for emergency deployment when the main one does not open or if it is twisted. In such a situation, it no longer matters whether the canopy is controlled or not, or how many lines the parachutes have - none of the additional ones will help. Of course, an experienced skydiver will try to straighten the main one first, which will waste additional time. If it was not possible to straighten, then a reserve parachute will save the situation. It opens quickly and easily.

To learn how to use a spare tire, you don’t need to go through a lot of training; even a child can handle this task.

How many lines does a reserve parachute have? Typically, such parachutes are the same for all major types. These are series 3 and 4. The spare lines are arranged in four groups. Each has six lines. The total is twenty-four. Of course, a reserve parachute is not designed for control; its main task is to quickly open and save a person’s life.

What do you need to know when making a parachute jump for the first time?

If you are not a member and a parachute jump is just a dream, and not a military duty, then you should start by taking training courses. Even if you decide to jump with an instructor in tandem, training is necessary in order not to harm either yourself or the instructor. He’s already scared to jump with a person, and even be responsible for someone’s life. Such courses cost from three thousand rubles - it depends on the company providing these services.

Before going to the club, make sure to obtain a medical certificate: a heart attack during a jump is a serious and dangerous thing. And it can happen, because when you jump into the abyss, so much adrenaline splashes out that it will last for a year. And the fear of jumping can also lead to sad consequences if your heart is naughty. The pressure should also be the same as when joining the space forces. If there excess weight, then you should also consult a doctor whether you should jump or not.

If you are under eighteen years of age, written permission from your parents to jump will be useful. Don’t forget to warn them what you are going to do; the instructor will not allow you within a kilometer of the parachute without their written consent. People with mental disorders, after recent operations, with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, or with respiratory diseases are not allowed to jump.

If your weight is more than one hundred and twenty kilograms, then you will be denied a tandem jump. Weight less than forty-five kilograms is a contraindication for a single jump. Pregnant women are also not allowed. First, calmly carry the child out, do not hide your position from the instructor in order to make the jump.

Skydiving is a dream for many. Do not drink alcohol before it under any circumstances. It is clear that the joy is off the charts, but it is better to celebrate this event after the fact, especially since you will not be allowed to jump with the smell of alcohol. And if you decide to drink so as not to be scared, then it is better to abstain from this idea altogether. And good luck to everyone who passed the medical examination!

The main indicator that limits the height for making a parachute jump can be called the aircraft vehicle.

Not a single aircraft that transports people is capable of rising above 26 thousand meters. And even at this altitude, the aircraft flies at too high a speed for a person to jump out of the plane.

However, spaceships can rise much higher, but their movement in space is even faster, so a paratrooper with a parachute will need a heat-resistant suit to survive beyond the confines of the spacecraft.

There is only one aircraft that allows you to transport people, besides an airplane and a spaceship, - a hot air balloon. The highest altitude this aircraft can reach is 34.668 meters. This is an absolute record demonstrated by United States Navy officers Victor Prater and Malcolm Ross while they were moving from the Antietam to Mexico on May 4, 1961. But they did not make any jumps.

The man's parachute jump from the highest point was made by Joseph Kittinger of the United States Air Force. He made this result with hot air balloon, which on August 16, 1960 rose to a height of 31 thousand 333 meters. Joseph was in a state free fall four minutes and 36 seconds, reaching an average speed of 1 thousand 150 kilometers per hour. The parachute was deployed at around five and a half thousand meters.

Parachute jumping standards for paratroopers

For a parachute jump, a safe altitude can be considered to be from 400 meters to 4 kilometers.

If we talk about the maximum permissible lowest altitude, the paratroopers consider a height of less than fifty meters “bordering on suicide.” Back in 2003, professional stuntman Harry Connery made a parachute jump from the Nelson's Column monument (from a height of 51.5 meters), which is located in Trafalgar Square.

A large number of times paratroopers have parachuted from the top of the statue of Christ the Savior, located in Rio de Janeiro, and jumped from St. Paul's Cathedral, which is located in London, and the height of these monuments is slightly more than 100 meters.

A little earlier, in October of the year before last, a paratrooper jumped from the most significant height - 135,890 feet (over 40 thousand meters), which was performed by Google vice-head Alan Eustace. He was able to beat the previous planetary record of 127,852.4 feet (38,969.4 meters), which was set by Australian skydiver Felix Baumgartner in 2012. In two cases, the parachutists were wearing a spacesuit designed specifically for them.

In a standard setting, a parachute jump is made from a height of 4 thousand 200 meters. Above the accepted level, the risk of oxygen starvation increases. In addition, when jumping from a height higher than the established one, the dense flow of oncoming air can cause some problems for the skydiver.

In the lower atmospheric layers, the speed of a paratrooper's fall during a long jump increases only during the first ten seconds (over the first hundred meters). Resistance air mass increases with increasing speed so significantly that very soon a moment comes when the speed no longer changes. The motion changes from acceleration to uniform.

When falling through the upper, thinner layers of the atmosphere, a person will fly faster than the final speed of falling in the lower layers, when the paratrooper encounters them and the resistance reaches its peak. Essentially, a person encounters an atmosphere. At the time of his parachute jump in 1960, Kittinger described this force as shocking: at an altitude of 23 thousand meters it demonstrated 1.2 g (g is the overload value).

A fall from 75 thousand meters would produce a huge impact of 3 g at an altitude of 31 thousand meters, which would last over 20 seconds. After this, the jump would not be anything remarkable. Marines who enter the lower atmosphere will not experience any problems from overloads above 3 g if their bodies are positioned across the air flow to continue their time in the atmosphere, but they will feel significantly hot.

Kittinger was wearing a special suit, the purpose of which was to protect him from low pressure in the stratosphere. But what is more difficult in such jumps is maintaining a stable position during the free fall process. In addition, Kittinger was equipped with a small stabilizing parachute, but he did not need it. Due to a malfunction, the parachute could not open, and the parachutist was thrown into a tailspin. Kittinger was rotated very quickly, approximately 120 rpm, the overload level was 22 g. At the moment of such overloads, the stuntman lost consciousness. The main parachute was able to deploy thanks to a special automatic deployment device.

One of the highest jumps ever made was planned to be part of Project Moose. It was considered a development of the United States of America, which began in the early 1960s, and its object was a program that would allow an astronaut to parachute into low orbit of our planet directly from a spacecraft. It was expected that the astronaut with the equipment would put a parachute on his chest and a folded plastic bag on his back. The pressurized cylinder should expand the bag and fill it with polyurethane foam, which will create a heat shield. The astronaut leaves orbit and then begins to fall. Protected from heat by a shield, it waits until it reaches the lower atmospheric layers, after which the parachute opens and the shield is removed.

The work that was carried out by the General Electric organization demonstrated that the idea, although very good at first glance, was not unfeasible. A sample of the heat-resistant shield was created, and foam samples were sent to the spacecraft. However, neither NASA nor the Air Force paid much attention to this venture.