We plant a forest. Can this be called ecoterrorism? Garden in the Cossack steppe If more trees are planted in the steppe

Diagnostic work on the ENVIRONMENT

4th grade (option 3)

Instructions for performing the work

To complete work on the subject " The world"Given 60 minutes. The work consists of two parts and includes 18 tasks.

30 minutes are allotted to complete the tasks of Part 1; at the end of this time, answers to the tasks of Part 1 are submitted. You will also have 30 minutes to complete the tasks in Part 2. There is a 10 minute break between completing tasks in parts 1 and 2.

Write your answers to the assignments in the answer field in the text of the work.

When performing work, it is not allowed to use a textbook, workbooks, dictionary or other reference materials.

We advise you to complete the tasks in the order in which they are given. To save time, skip a task that you cannot complete immediately and move on to the next one. Try to complete as many tasks as possible.

We wish you success!

Part 1

Answer:___________________________________________________________________

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3.1. What will you do if stranger on the street will he offer you a ride in a car? Explain why you can’t communicate with a stranger.

3.2. On April 12, our country celebrates Cosmonautics Day. What event is this holiday dedicated to? Explain why space development is important for humanity.

Answer: ____________________________________________________________

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Part 2

4. Which pictures show objects created by human hands? Write down the numbers of these drawings.

Answer. ____________________________________________________________

5. Please indicate which natural phenomena refer to natural disasters.

1) rain, wind

2) earthquake, flood, hurricane

3) black ice, flight of birds

4) hail, snow

Answer: ____________________________________________________________

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6. Choose the correct statement.

1) If solid heat it up, it will increase in volume.

2) If a liquid is heated, it will increase in volume.

3) If the gas is heated, it will increase in volume.

4) All previous statements are false.

Answer: ____________________________________________________________

7. Why do water pipes burst in winter?

1) because water evaporates at low temperatures

2) because water, turning into ice, compresses

3) because water, turning into ice, expands

4) damage to pipes is not related to water

Answer:_________________________________________________________.

8. Sasha put a balloon on a plastic bottle and placed it in hot water. What result will Sasha get during the experiment and why?

1) The balloon will inflate as warm air rises.

2) The balloon is inflated because the air molecules push apart when heated, and the air in the bottle expands.

3) The ball will inflate because the air, when heated, compresses and rises.

4) None. The ball will remain unchanged.

Answer: ____________________________________________________________

9. Insert numbers into the empty cells in order from cause to effect to explain why in the steppe so many animals lead an underground lifestyle.

1) The sun is high in summer.

2) The weather is hot and precipitation evaporates quickly.

3) The underground parts of plants are developed.

4) Plants try to find moisture underground.

5) Many animals lead an underground lifestyle.

6) There are a lot of worms and insect larvae in the soil.

Answer:

Take a close look at the photograph of the Earth from space.

10. Which continent is fully depicted in the photograph?

Answer: ____________________________________________________________

11. Below are pictures of animals. Which animals live in the natural environment (not in a zoo) of the area highlighted in the photograph in task 10? Write down the numbers under which these animals are listed.

Answer: ____________________________________________________________

12. Look at the pictures, read the text and compare the descriptions of meadow grass and wheat. Based on the descriptions, indicate at least one similarity and one difference between these plants.

Bluegrass Wheat

Meadow bluegrass - a cereal plant with creeping and terrestrial shoots, sometimes forming quite dense, loose turf. Stems are 30-90 cm high, less often 10-20 cm, erect, smooth. The leaves are narrow-linear, 4 mm wide, flat, smooth or slightly rough. Grows in meadows, fields and forest edges. Grows on various soils. Weather resistant. It is the most important pasture cereal and ranks second after timothy in value. harvest.

Wheat - the most important grain crop, accounting for almost 30% of world grain production and supplying food to more than half the population globe. Wheat is grown only on fertile lands. It is an annual erect cereal plant with a height of 30 cm to 1.2 m. The shoot (stem) is a hollow straw on which grow smooth, linear leaves 1-2 cm wide, 20 to 37 cm long. The root system is fibrous, narrow , sometimes individual roots penetrate to a depth of 1 m or more. Winter wheat is frost-resistant; by spring, 85–100% of living plants are preserved.

Similarities:

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Difference:

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13. Distribute the plants into two groups. Write down the number of the selected plant in the table. Indicate the name of each group.

PLANTS

List of plants:

1) reed

2) wheat

3) burdock

4) cucumber

5) mint

6) lingonberry

7) oats

8) sunflower

9) buckwheat

10) linen

11) nettle

12) plantain

14. In each case, select its continuation at the beginning of the phrase in order to correctly form a connection: to do this, for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

BEGINNING OF PHRASE

CONTINUATION OF THE PHRASE

A) If planted in the steppe more trees,

B) If you cut down trees in the steppe,

B) If water channels are laid in the steppe.

1) the soil will become polluted, plants and animals will die.

2) there will be more fields where it will be possible to grow.

3) then new plants and animals will appear.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer:

beginning of a phrase

continuation of the phrase

15. Look at the picture of a person. In the image on the right, circle the number and label the following parts of the human body: spine, ribs, shoulder.

16. Muscles get tired when doing physical activity. What should you do to prevent fatigue?

1) refuse any physical labor

2) alternate work and rest or different types labor

3) do not go to physical education lessons, do not play sports

4) take special medications

Answer: ____________________________________________________________

17. Imagine that you are in the forest. Which of the following plants can be eaten in the forest without special treatment?

1) ginseng root

2) pine needles

3) raspberries

4) dandelion flowers

5) timothy seeds

6) Walnut

7) wild apple fruits

8) mushrooms

9) oak acorns

10) sorrel leaves

11) bluebell flowers

12) blueberries

Answer: ____________________________________________________________

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18. Look carefully at the sign. What rule do you think is set by this sign? Write this rule.

Rule: __________________________________________________________

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Yes Yes i remember. We need to plant a tree, raise a son and build a house.

All this is correct, but planting a tree... is kind of boring. Planting one tree, given that several million trees are cut down in the world every day, is a bit of a thankless task. That's why I had a stupid idea quite a long time ago....

There is a type of plant that is considered a weed. The peculiarity is that they grow quickly, reproduce quickly and do not get sick. The trouble is that such plants spread very quickly and it is very, very difficult to destroy them or eradicate them. An example of such plants is hogweed. Hogweed has taken root well in large parts of Russia and has become a disaster for Agriculture. And most importantly, hogweed displaces other plants...

These are the “weeds” that I think about, but I’m not interested in grass, but in trees....

Quite often I go to Uchaly. 200 kilometers from Chelyabinsk, of which 100 km are along the M5 and through the fields of the Chelyabinsk region, and the remaining 100 km are along the Bashkir steppes, some of which are cultivated by local farmers. But the rest of it... steppe, steppe, steppe. And so I decided to plant this steppe with trees.

I love birches, but it is very, very difficult to plant so many birches that they would fill the vast wastelands of the Bashkir steppes. That’s why I started looking for trees that were like weeds... they grew quickly, suffered little pain, and multiplied like rabbits, quickly and en masse.

My gaze fell on “maple,” which landscape designers don’t really like. And they don’t like it precisely because of its reproduction and the almost zero value of wood. However, they write about maple that this tree gives a lot of oxygen, grows quickly, suffers little and, most importantly, is a large and beautiful tree. And most importantly, the maple forest is a very beautiful forest. True, I’m not sure that I’ll be able to grow just like this... But what the hell isn’t joking...

There are maple trees growing in the yard and by the way, as if hinting, a few days ago the trees were pruned and on the ground there turned out to be a huge number of branches with maple seeds known to the population in the form of helicopters. Giggling angrily, Sasha has collected a whole bag of helicopters and will soon spray them over a large area of the Bashkir steppe...

Let's see. what will happen...

And yes, by the way, about ecoterrorism. Many Bashkir steppes were at one time reclaimed from Bashkir forests for the sake of crop fields. but this was in the good times of the USSR. In recent decades, the fields have been abandoned. They are overgrown with grass, which burns in the spring, and then they are overgrown with grass again... I want to do the unprecedented - to make sure that the lands reclaimed from the forest return to forest management. That’s why I want to plant trees and take land from people and return it to the forest. And most importantly, it is necessary to plant trees that would be difficult to uproot or use for firewood. And maple is perfect for these purposes... To hell with people! I want a forest.

In chapter Hometasks to the question Why don't trees grow in the steppes? given by the author Natalya Dovbysh the best answer is There are three reasons why trees cannot grow in the steppe zone. The first reason is that there is too little water in the soil and it is difficult to pump it to a high altitude. Therefore, in the steppe zone, trees (usually small) grow only along the banks of rivers.
The second reason is that a continuous cover of fast-growing grasses suppresses the seedlings of trees, which grow much more slowly than grass.
The third reason is that the steppe is home to many large herbivores that trample both grass and trees. At the same time, the grass wrinkles, but quickly rises, while the tree shoots break and die. Just like in the famous fable by I. A. Krylov.

Answer from Bob trader[guru]
the wind blows away the fertile soil
they grow if you plant them correctly

Answer from Beer lover[guru]
The steppe inhabitants cut down all the trees for firewood.

Answer from Natasha Kornienko[newbie]
Hello, my name is Natasha. I am a resident of the village of Stepnoye. And it’s steppe because it’s located on the steppe. And we have a bunch of trees, bushes, flowers, fruits and vegetables growing. And no one cuts down all the trees for firewood, this is just a myth. Potatoes grow very well in the steppe. Last summer, my parents and I dug up 83 tons of hoya and planted 2. And this is a plus of the fact that the hail damaged the potatoes.

Russia, Moscow
13.01.2010 19:36

Alexander Tolokonnikov is a well-known personality in the world of landscape design. We met him several years ago in England during the Chelsea Flower Show. Later we traveled together through the parks of Crimea, after which I decided to take advantage of the invitation and visit Alexander’s garden in Novocherkassk, the capital of the Don Cossacks.

Alexander Tolokonnikov's garden turned out to be unusual and original, a reflection of the personality of its owner. This is one of the most striking attractions Rostov region. In summer it is very hot in the steppe, and such an oasis, where many shady corners have been created, gives the desired coolness. But of course, you can get a lot of bright impressions in the garden in any weather. That's why all year round visitors come to the garden.

History of the garden

Alexander Tolokonnikov’s garden was six years old when I visited it for the first time. It arose from an empty place, where dried clay soil and stunted grass created a very dull landscape. Six years is a very short period of time for a garden. How did Sasha manage to do this? a short time create such lush thickets? He replies that he immediately planted large trees, giving preference to fast-growing ones. In addition, there are many pergolas, arches, and screens in the garden, which create spatial structure and volume. Through these forms, windows and passages, different corners of the garden are visible, like pictures in frames.

In the garden, covering an area of half a hectare, there are several compositions in different styles. There is a cafe garden, an English garden, a peasant garden, a gravel garden, an aquatic plant garden, and a shade garden. Something new is constantly being added to the garden. A special place is occupied by the Japanese garden, arranged according to all the rules of oriental art. In Japan and China, garden creators have great respect for stones. This is the main component of the garden. Water, plants, small forms are secondary. So Alexander Tolokonnikov, at the first stage of creating the garden, began arranging stones. The multi-ton blocks were not laid out at the will of the designer, but, as is customary in the East, they themselves looked for a place in the garden, and it was necessary to “agree” with them. In the end, everyone took the place they liked. This practice of talking to stones may seem strange to some. But, knowing Sasha, his ability to meditate, and his practice at the Shaolin Monastery, I believe: he can do it!

Lord of the Rain

In a tea house on the shore of a pond, the owner treated us to wonderful tea. During the tea ceremony, we talked, listened to stories about the creation of the garden, the meaning of its compositions, enjoyed a fragrant drink and contemplating the view of the pond with the island. And then a miracle happened! In forty-degree heat, with a completely clear sky, it suddenly began to rain heavily. Its drops rippled the water surface, knocked and flowed down the roof, and jumped on wooden bridges. It immediately became cooler. Sasha revealed to us the secret of this phenomenon. In his garden, he placed sprinklers for watering not at the surface of the ground, but high on poles, tree trunks, and roofs of gazebos. This is the only way to water dense plantings.

Alexander Tolokonnikov is a talented landscape designer who has many orders in different cities of Russia. His clients sign up for a waiting list. In addition to working on projects and gardens, he teaches classes at the landscape school he created. In his garden, which he calls a “landscape-type botanical park,” Sasha collected more than a thousand rare items decorative species and plant forms. New plants are constantly being studied and acclimatized. Those that successfully pass the tests are propagated in a small nursery and sold.

There is something in the owner himself and in his garden that is perceived not at the level from mind to mind, but from heart to heart. Here everyone receives a strong energy boost, issues are somehow resolved on their own, and well-being improves. After the first visit to the garden, everyone definitely wants to go there again: in the fall - to admire the bright colors, in the winter - to contemplate the structure of branches and buildings uncovered by foliage, in the spring - to enjoy the awakening of nature and the first flowers.

Alexander Tolokonnikov:

http://www.landy-art.ru/index.php?p=.avtoritets&sid=16944

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SPRING OUTLOOK

WHY IS THE STEPPE BALD?

Scientists have been occupied with the problem of treeless steppes for centuries, but they found the answer only recently. Research by domestic specialists on this topic was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

Plants on our planet are divided into zones. Trees dominate in the forest zone, grasses dominate in the steppe zone, and shrubs dominate in the hot desert zone. Scientists have long been interested in the causes of zonation. They were especially interested in the relationship between forest and steppe vegetation. In fact, why shouldn’t trees grow in sunny and warm steppes?

Over the years, experts have offered different answers to this question. About two hundred years ago, scientists believed that natural conditions The steppes are quite favorable for the growth of trees, and in the past the steppe spaces were covered with forests, which were then destroyed by humans. In the middle of the 19th century, the prevailing opinion was that the nature of the steppes was unsuitable for forest vegetation, especially since attempts to grow forest in the steppe ended unsuccessfully. By the end of the century before last, experts came to the conclusion that the forest was encroaching on the steppe, and human activity was preventing the successful completion of this process. And only relatively recently it became clear that the zonation of vegetation depends on the degree of moisture and energy balance of plants. Employees of the Institute of Ecology and Evolution named after. A.N. Severtsov RAS B.D. Abaturov and V.N. Lopatin, relying on data from domestic scientists, explains why there are no forests in the steppes and under what conditions trees can grow there.

The plant receives all its energy through photosynthesis, which occurs in the leaves. The leaves inside are very wet and also evaporate moisture, so only plants in humid places can afford a lush crown. The drier the area, the less leaves, and therefore less energy. In dry steppes, the plant receives moisture mainly from the soil, and therefore must have a powerful root system. The proportion of roots in the total mass of steppe grass is six times higher than that of meadow grass in the humid forest zone. In order for the energy that a steppe plant receives from its several leaves to be enough to maintain its roots, it has to sacrifice everything that does not photosynthesize and does not absorb moisture, that is, woody stems and branches. That's why grasses predominate in the steppes. Perhaps rare trees could grow in the steppe zone if grass did not compete with them. Proof of this is the experiments in growing artificial forests in the arid zones of the northern Caspian Sea - for the success of this endeavor it was necessary to constantly destroy all herbaceous plants.

But there are cases when a plant is forced to maintain a tree trunk, despite a severe lack of water. In deserts, where it is much drier than the steppes, it is also very hot, for example in the Eastern Karakum, the temperature at the surface of the earth reaches 50–75 degrees. Photosynthesis does not occur under such conditions. But at a meter altitude the air is heated only to 40 degrees, you can live. So desert plants have to place their leaves in a cooler place, away from the ground. Of course, being a tree in the desert is an unaffordable luxury, but shrubs have taken root there, fortunately they do not have to compete for moisture with herbaceous plants, which simply cannot survive in such conditions.

Forests are only possible in damp places, where plants compete not for moisture, but for light. This is where the trees, which bring their spreading multi-tiered crown to the sun, finally win over the grasses, which are literally left with no place in the sun. Receiving plenty of light and water, trees can afford to spend energy on maintaining a mighty trunk and numerous long branches.

Researchers believe that the physiological basis of the zonal distribution of vegetation is obviously not limited only to the characteristics of plant energy. Other physiological parameters may also play a significant role different forms plants, but assessing this role requires special analysis.

“INFORMSCIENCE”