Gorky M. “Mother”, brief analysis. Characteristics and image of Pavel Vlasov novel Mother (Gorky A. M.) Other works on this work
Characteristics of a literary hero
Vlasov Pavel Mikhailovich - son main character novel, a hereditary worker who became a professional revolutionary. The prototype of the character was the Sormovo worker P. Zalomov. At the same time, the fate of Gorky's character is connected with the symbolism of an atoning sacrifice; Since the beginning of the story depicts a sharp change in the life of P., who turns from an ordinary factory guy into a conscious political fighter, it is permissible to see in his name a hint of a connection with the image of the apostle. P.’s first decisive act is to resist beatings from his father, mechanic Mikhail Vlasov, whose subconscious social protest results in drunkenness and aggressive behavior. After the death of his father, P. tries to imitate him, but a meeting with members of an underground circle dramatically changes his internal and appearance. It is characteristic that, having experienced “rebirth,” P. hangs on the wall a picture of Christ going to Emmaus; He tells his mother about his new beliefs “with all the strength of youth and the fervor of a student, proud of knowledge, sacredly believing in their truth”: “Now everyone stands differently for me - I feel sorry for everyone, or what?” In P.'s house, meetings of the underground circle begin (Andrei Nakhodka, teacher Natasha, the thief's son Nikolai Vesovshchikov, factory worker Fyodor Sizov, etc.). After the first meeting, P. warns his mother: “There is a prison ahead for all of us.” P.’s asceticism and severity seem “monastic” to his mother: for example, he calls on Andrei to give up personal happiness and family “for business,” and he admits that he himself made a similar choice; in a conversation with Nilovna, Nakhodka calls P. “iron man.” Members of the circle distribute leaflets at the factory; A search is carried out in Pavel's house. The next day after the search, P. talks with the fireman Rybin who came to him: he claims that “strength” is given by the heart, not the “head”, and believes that it is necessary to “invent a new faith... we need to create God for other people”; P. claims that only reason will free a person. During a spontaneous conflict between workers and the factory administration (“the story of the “swamp penny”), P. makes a speech calling for an organized struggle for their rights and proposes starting a strike. However, the workers do not support him, and P. experiences this as evidence of his own “weakness.” He is arrested at night, but released a few months later. Members of the circle are preparing to celebrate May Day; P. is determined to carry the banner himself during the demonstration. Seeing his mother’s anxiety and pity, he declares: “There is love that prevents a person from living.” When Nakhodka abruptly cuts him off, condemning him for his ostentatious “heroism” in front of his mother, P. asks her for forgiveness. During the May Day demonstration, he carried a banner at the head of the crowd, and was arrested among the leaders (about 20 people). This concludes the first part. In the future, P. appears only in the final chapters, in the court scene: he gives a detailed speech, setting out the Social Democratic program. The court sentences P. to exile in Siberia.
Essay on literature on the topic: Pavel Vlasov (Mother Gorky)
Other writings:
- WITH teenage years Gorky dreamed of a real person. He searched, but found only a beautiful romantic fairy tale about the proud and brave Danko. Gorky saw the living embodiment of his dream only after meeting professional revolutionaries. These people amazed him with their spiritual Read More......
- Mother The novel takes place in Russia in the early 1900s. Factory workers with their families live in the working settlement, and the whole life of these people is inextricably linked with the factory: in the morning, with the factory whistle, workers rush to the factory, in the evening it throws them out Read More ......
- By revealing the historical and literary significance of the novel “Mother”, its effective influence on the revolutionary education of the masses, we will help students see the enduring ideological and aesthetic value of the book created at the dawn of new literature, its consonance with our modernity. Raising during the analysis such questions as the choice of life path, the importance of Read More......
- In 1909, M. Gorky wrote: “I do not know a brighter image than a mother, and a heart more capacious for love than a mother’s heart.” These words could be used as an epigraph for the entire work. Choosing Nilovna, not Pavel Vlasov, in Read More......
- Pelageya Nilovna Vlasova Characteristics of the literary hero Nilovna, Vlasova Pelageya Nilovna is the main character of the story, whose image symbolizes Russia (cf. “Mother Motherland”), and also contains evangelical associations. The dominant point of view in the story is connected with N. - the universal, “folk” perception of events. Character dynamics Read More ......
- The novel takes place in Russia in the early 1900s. Factory workers with their families live in the working settlement, and the whole life of these people is inextricably linked with the factory: in the morning, with the factory whistle, workers rush to the factory, in the evening it throws them out of their Read More ......
- People can arouse sympathy with their erudition, courage, temperament... But you never know how many virtues a person has! But the main thing is his pre-. dignity, in my opinion, is determination, the willingness to follow the chosen road to the end. Purposefulness is like the core, without which character, Read More......
- “A worthy person is not one who has no shortcomings, but one who has merits.” I don’t remember who this phrase belongs to, and therefore I don’t give it as an epigraph, but it is very accurate and you can’t do without it. Read More......
Over the decades Soviet power and since its fall, we have long become accustomed to the fact that almost everyone can engage in creative writing. All you need is one person, paper and pencil. Everyone has a little bit of literacy, and in the 21st century, almost everyone has a computer with a text editor at hand, kindly offering its services.
Has it always been like this? Of course not. Not always. If we look a little further (not far!), we will find exactly the opposite situation: uneducated multimillion-dollar masses of the population, exhausting work, an almost complete lack of opportunities for creative realization of a person of low origin. We could have observed such a bleak historical landscape a little over a hundred years ago. And for this reason, those nuggets that, despite the extremely difficult living conditions, managed to cultivate in their soul the ability for artistic creativity and preserve it, are especially valuable.
In this context, we cannot help but turn to the man later called the founder of socialist realism, one of the most famous Russian prose writers in the world. Of course this Maksim Gorky. And basically the article will be devoted to his brilliant novel, about which Vladimir Ilyich Lenin deigned to say: “A very timely book.”
So, Maxim Gorky, “Mother” - summary, general analysis, characters, style and cultural significance.
Today, the schoolchild knows Gorky (we keep the hope that he still knows the great writer!) mainly from the play “At the Lower Depths”. To be honest, even for the author of the article, Gorky’s harsh and gloomy style, in contrast with Chekhov’s sophistication and intelligence, looked really impressive. Other famous works Maxim Gorky from school curriculum: stories like “Old Woman Izergil”, “Chelkasha” and “Makar Chudra”.
In some cases, “Mother” also passes. In Soviet times, the said author was, in principle, remembered more often - and that’s understandable. The first classic of proletarian literature. In this text we will try to understand why the novel “Mother” was called a “timely book” by the leader of the October Revolution, whether it is relevant today, and in general what led to its appearance.
A little about Gorky's biography
Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov (this is the writer’s name at birth) built his literary talent and skill thanks to persistent intellectual work and gaining the most versatile life experience. Having started his life's journey in Nizhny Novgorod, the future writer worked here and there since childhood. I managed to be a baker, and as a cook, and as a “boy” at a shop; I worked as a watchman, a fisherman, a journalist, and many other things – all in different parts of the vast country.
Maksim Gorky
Maxim Gorky received a very fragmentary education - a couple of years at a parochial school, a little more at a suburban elementary school, he even tried to enter the university, but to no avail. Therefore, the young man was forced to acquire knowledge on his own, thanks to his own inquisitive mind. In many ways, this is why Gorky wrote almost all his life with a large number of spelling and punctuation errors (his wife Ekaterina corrected the manuscripts), but at the same time he was well acquainted with the works of the world's greatest philosophers, thinkers and writers. In general, literary genius was forged in the harsh conditions of the cruel life of Tsarist Russia. This kind of “street” learning makes Gorky similar to the American classic Jack London (we’ll talk about this separately sometime).
Even in his youth, Maxim Gorky became interested in socialist and Marxist ideas. Gradually he becomes involved in the revolutionary movement. In 1905, he was already a famous writer and financially helps Marxist organizations. Actually, it is precisely for the political position of the writer that the tsarist authorities begin to persecute law enforcement agencies, and he is forced to emigrate. In the USA, in a foreign land, he wrote the novel “Mother,” which embodied his civic position and sympathy for the labor movement in Russia.
Maxim Gorky, “Mother” - summary
In accordance with the principles established on the Hobbibook resource, we do not disclose the plots of the reviewed literary works from the beginning to the end. We only try to interest and motivate the reader to pick up the book on their own and taste the charm of new knowledge and artistic impressions. We will follow this rule now.
book Mother
The plot of the book starts at the beginning of the twentieth century in a small workers' settlement, inhabited by proletarians working in a local factory, along with their families. Gorky immediately takes the bull by the horns and shows the family of mechanic Mikhail Vlasov, with the harsh conditions reigning in it, in which the husband is an evil beast, the wife is an enslaved servant, and the teenage son is a witness to all this squalor.
But before we even have time to go through a dozen pages, the author brings the father of the family to death - he dies of a hernia, and it seems as if he is going to another world like a stray dog. Pavel Vlasov, a slightly matured son, at first even imitates the hated habits of his late father: he gets drunk, is rude, but internally he feels that he does not want to live like a parent.
His mother, Pelageya Nilovna (whom everyone mostly calls only by her patronymic), tries to surround the guy with affection and care, especially since besides love, the woman has nothing else to give her son. Pavel, on the other hand, is endowed with natural curiosity; he tries to find some correct path in life, so as not to perish in the grueling physical labor of a factory worker, comparable to the labor of cattle.
So one day Nilovna finds her son reading some books - as it turns out, forbidden. And the son simply explains to the illiterate woman: “They tell the truth about our working life... They are published quietly, secretly, and if they are found on me, they will put me in prison, in prison because I want to know the truth.” Of course, Nilovna cannot understand anything. She only feels intuitive anxiety for the fate of Pavel, the need to protect him from harm, and therefore at first she tries to discourage her rebel son from his new oppositional interests.
But in the future, the woman will also meet new friends of Pavel, his comrades-in-arms, with whom he participates in the revolutionary movement. She will see with her own eyes how new liberation ideas took over Paul’s dreams, how important they became for him. Nilovna will have to see the difficult path of her son, full of hardships and righteous struggle, and at the same time fundamentally change her attitude to reality.
Of course, such a novel was simply necessary for Russia, which had just experienced the unsuccessful revolution of 1905.
The country was plunging into a bloody abyss of reaction. Links, “Stolypin ties” and so on. The workers, who hoped to change the world, were suppressed and oppressed. And “Mother” was something of a breath of fresh air.
Today “Mother” has been forgotten largely due to its acute political orientation. In the novel, Gorky draws the reader's attention to the existing capitalist exploitation, to the animal life to which representatives of the ruling countries condemn the workers. But what is much more important is that the book of the Soviet classic has such artistic power that it can really begin to form class consciousness in the one who opens it. Maxim Gorky achieves phenomenal power of influence thanks to precise language that hits the target.
Let us give as an example the description of a disgruntled crowd of proletarians gathered near the factory:
“Muffling out the heavy fuss of cars, the difficult sighs of steam and the rustling of wires, the voices merged into a noisy whirlwind. People hurriedly ran from everywhere, waving their arms, inciting each other with hot, caustic words. Irritation, always dormantly hidden in tired breasts, woke up, demanded release, triumphantly flew through the air, spreading its dark wings ever wider, embracing people more and more tightly, dragging them along with it, pushing them against each other, degenerating into fiery anger. A cloud of soot and dust swayed over the crowd, sweat-drenched faces burned, the skin of their cheeks wept black tears. Eyes sparkled on dark faces and teeth glistened.”
Majestic, isn't it? The author achieves no less expressiveness when touching on unpleasant details:
“After dinner, he would throw the dishes off the table onto the floor if his wife did not have time to remove them in time, put a bottle of vodka in front of him and, leaning his back against the wall, howled a song in a dull voice that made him sad, opening his mouth wide and closing his eyes. Mournful, ugly sounds tangled in his mustache, knocking bread crumbs off it, the mechanic straightened the hair of his beard and mustache with his thick fingers and sang. The words of the song were somehow incomprehensible, drawn out, the melody was reminiscent of the winter howl of wolves.”
It's a typical evening family life Pelageya Nilovna with Pavel’s father, mechanic Mikhail Vlasov.
As for the speech of the heroes of “Mother,” here Gorky follows a realistic rendering of the manner of conversation of the working class of that time - with its characteristic emotionality, imperfect literacy, and rudeness. Unless, for obvious reasons, he avoids obscene language, but it would hardly occur to anyone to condemn the writer for this.
So what is the relevance of the novel today? Maybe the book is “timely” now too?
Hobbibook's editors suggest the answer should be yes. Modern realities pose many challenges to citizens, especially young ones. He has to survive in conditions of predatory capitalist competition with the active withering away of elements of the social state. Classes have not disappeared. The conflict of interests has not dissolved. This means that class struggle also takes place. A doubtful, searching person needs answers to his questions. And "Mother" is one of those works of art, which can lead to relevant reflections. Lead to an emerging understanding of one's own class interests.
In addition, Nilovna’s story itself could be instructive for today’s older generation. The heroine is initially of the opinion that there is no need to stick your neck out, you cannot be rude to your superiors, there is no need to seek justice - her heart is intimidated, morally subordinated to the established “correct” way of life. What if he is not so “correct”? What if trying to leave things as they are is detrimental to her child’s personality? These are the questions the Mother has to face. Perhaps today’s fathers and mothers should also think about it?
There are also three film adaptations of the novel "Mother"
Maxim Gorky. The most famous, of course, is Vsevolod Pudovkin’s production from the silent film era - this picture brought Pudovkin world fame. The plot of Pudovkin’s “Mother” very relatively follows the history of Gorky’s work, and this to some extent benefits it, because It is difficult to imagine that silent cinema could convey all the complexity of the characters’ communication from a literary source.
Subsequent screen versions appeared already in the era of sound films (in 1955 and 1989), but, from our subjective point of view, none of these projects managed to come close to the artistic expressiveness of the original. Which only confirms the hypothesis that great books are extremely difficult to film - they initially have a high level of inner harmony, the chemistry of all contained elements.
Neither in the work of Gorky himself before 1905, nor in the work of any other Russian or foreign writer, was there such a penetrating depiction of the process of soul renewal, such a subtle disclosure of all the nuances of the formation of a new revolutionary consciousness, which we find in the novel “Mother”.
The above applies primarily to the image of Nilovna. She is the main one main character novel. The decisive importance of this image in the structure of the book is already clear from its title.
The most remarkable thing in Nilovna’s history seems to be
a harmonious combination of the theme of the mother's heart with the theme of social and political.
A kind of psychological chronicle unfolds before us.
And how many emotional nuances are captured in it! The quiet and submissive sadness of a woman beaten down by a degenerate, wild husband; the same submissive and painful sadness caused by the fact that the young son seemed to have moved along his father’s - wild and inhuman - path; the first joys in her life that she experienced when her son managed to overcome the cheap temptations of drunken and wild entertainment; then a new anxiety of the mother’s heart at the sight of the fact that the son is “focused and stubbornly
floats out somewhere to the side from the dark stream of life”... The author is in no hurry. He knows that there are no instant renewals of the soul, And day after day passes before us in the life of a mother; we observe both her doubts and the alienation that arose in certain moments from her son and from his friends - and we observe how new moods and concepts gradually form in her spiritual world. And how complex, how rich her spiritual world turns out to be!
In Gorky's novel, the eternal takes on a new meaning and a new poignancy, for it is shown in a very complex dramatic social context; and the ideological quests and insights of a woman late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century become vibrantly alive, because they are permeated with the eternal light of maternal feeling.
The advent of a new historical era and a new literary era was announced to the world by the image of Pavel Vlasov, not as rich in psychological nuances as the image of the Mother, but also charming, monumental, and filled with deep meaning. This was the first image in world literature of a political leader of the workers, bringing to the masses the ideas of scientific socialism, organizing the masses for a living, practical, revolutionary cause.
The image of Paul, like the image of the Mother, is drawn simultaneously in sober realistic and elevated romantic tones. These colors are suggested to the writer by life itself. The revolutionary struggle of the working class required scientific understanding social reality, strict consideration of all its factors, and it also required that spiritual uplift, that enthusiasm, without which victory would have been impossible. Therefore, Pavel Vlasov is shown as a sober analyst, as a highly restrained person, reaching “monastic severity” in his understanding of his duty, and he is also shown in the dramatic moments of his life, when he wanted to “throw people his heart, lit by the fire of a dream of truth.” " Reading such lines, we remember Danko. But if the hero of the legend was tragically lonely, then the hero of the novel is strong due to his ever-growing connection with the working collective, with the advanced intelligentsia. The era of historical creativity of the broadest strata of the working people - workers and peasants - has arrived, an era that brought forward a completely new type of hero. And this is perfectly shown in the novel.
Gorky's innovation was also manifested in the disclosure of those beneficial changes that were brought by the socialist ideal to family relationships. We see how the friendship of Pelageya Vlasova and Pavel Vlasov arises and develops, a friendship that was generated not only by maternal love and filial love, but also by joint participation in a great historical cause. The complex dialectic of the relationship between these two remarkable people is very subtly and soulfully revealed by Gorky. Pavel has a strong spiritual influence on Nilovna. Communication with her son re-opens her eyes to the world. However, she also influences her son. And its influence, as Gorky shows with the help of subtle psychological and everyday nuances, was no less significant. Maybe even more significant! Communication with his Mother was for the stern, at first somewhat straightforward and harsh Pavel, a school of heartfelt kindness, modesty and tact. He became softer towards people close to him, his soul became more flexible, sensitive and wise. Thanks to communication with the Mother, he achieved that high humanity, without which a true revolutionary is unthinkable.
Sources:
- Gorky M. Selected / Preface. N. N. Zhegalova; Il. B. A. Dekhtereva.- M.: Det. lit., 1985.- 686 pp., ill., 9 l. ill. Abstract: The volume includes selected works by M. Gorky: the stories “Childhood” and “In People”, the stories “Makar Chudra”, “Chelkash”, “Song of the Falcon”, “Once in the Autumn”, “Konovalov”, “ Former people" and etc.
Other works on this topic:
- Pavel (Vlasov Pavel Mikhailovich) is the son of the main character of the novel, a hereditary worker who became a professional revolutionary. The prototype of the character was the Sormovo worker P. Zalomov. In the same time...
- A completely different image is the image of Pelageya Nilovna, Pavel’s mother. In the first part of the novel we see a downtrodden woman, oppressed by life, who madly loves her unlikeable man...
- Gorky wrote “Mother” in an exceptionally short time. The first drafts of the novel, made in 1903, disappeared during a search. Starting work again in July 1906...
- The people depicted in the novel “Mother” are divided into two camps, completely hostile to each other. They stand on opposite sides of the barricade of class struggle: on the one hand...
- Gorky's later works were written in the genre of socialist realism. People are now skeptical about our country's socialist past, but novels like Mother show socialist revolutionaries with...
- The novel is called “Mother”. Thus, Gorky emphasizes the special importance for understanding ideological significance novel of the image of Pavel Vlasov’s mother – Nilovna. Using her life as an example, Gorky...
Studying the chapter-by-chapter summary of Gorky’s novel “Mother,” one can understand why this work was first published in the USA. The author published it only in 1907–1908, it had major changes regarding censorship. Original without changes Russian readers were able to see it after.
In contact with
History of creation
Although work on the work took place in mid-1906, the first sketches were made back in 1903. By mid-October, Gorky moved from America closer to Russia and - to Italy, where he finishes the first edition. The history of the creation of the novel is connected with the close acquaintance of the author and the Sormovo workers. The material for creating the novel “Mother” was the actions taking place at the Sormovo plant in Nizhny Novgorod.
He witnessed the preparations for the May demonstration and the trial of its participants. Close communication with the workforce of the enterprise in 1901–1902. allowed Gorky to collect material that served basis for creating a novel, where the main character Pavel Vlasov and his friend Andrei Nakhodka experience similar events.
Important! The author's attention is paid to the strength of the protesting oppressed class, called the proletariat. It depicts his struggles in other early works. For example, the play “Bourgeois”, which reveals the image of a worker revolutionary, or “Enemies”, which depicts the events of the first Russian revolution.
Main character's family
The image of Pavel Vlasov in Gorky’s novel “Mother” begins with a description of the hero at the age of 14. The main character's father's name was Mikhail, he was a factory mechanic who was disliked by his colleagues. Rude, grumpy character, reflected in loved ones: his wife and child were periodically beaten. Before his death, coming home from work, he decided to teach his son a lesson, to pull his hair. Pavel grabbed a heavy hammer - his father was afraid to touch the young man. After the incident Mikhail became isolated, and when he died of a hernia, no one was sorry.
After this, Pavel continues to work at the factory. Suddenly he changes, he starts going for walks on holidays, bringing and reading forbidden literature. Mother explains her behavior desire to know the truth, for which they can be sent to hard labor or imprisoned.
Every Saturday revolutionaries gather in the hero's house. They read books, sing forbidden songs, characterize political system, discuss the life of workers.
The mother understands that “socialist” is a terrible word, but she sympathizes with her son’s comrades. Nilovna is only 40 years old, but the author describes her as an elderly woman, broken by a difficult hopeless life and a difficult fate.
Plot development
Maxim Gorky in the novel “Mother” revealed Nilovna's motherly love: She becomes closer to her son’s friends, while her relationship with Pavel becomes better. Among the guests visiting the house, the author identifies several:
- Natasha is a young girl from rich family, who left her parents and came to work as a teacher;
- Nikolai Ivanovich is a well-read, intelligent man, he can always find an interesting topic and tell it to the workers;
- Sashenka is the daughter of a landowner who left her family for the sake of an idea;
- Andrey Nakhodka is a young man who grew up an orphan.
A retelling of the summary of Gorky's novel "Mother" reveals the life of revolutionaries. Nilovna feels that Pavel and Sashenka love each other However, for the good of the revolution, young people refuse to start a family, as this may distract from an important matter. Andrey Nakhodka understands what motherly love is: the mistress of the house treats him like family. Soon the Vlasovs invite him to live with them, and he agrees.
The promotion of the plot and the next presentation of the image of Pavel Mikhailovich Vlasov in Gorky’s novel “Mother” begins with an episode called "swamp penny". Summary is as follows: the factory management imposes an additional tax on the already small wages of the workers. It will be intended for the development of swamp lands located near the walls of the enterprise. Main character decides to pay attention to this and writes a note in the city newspaper. The traitor's mother is called to take the text to the editor. At this time, he himself is leading a rally taking place at the plant. However, the director calms the crowd from the first word and sends everyone to their jobs. Pavel understands that people do not trust him because of his young age. At night, the gendarmes take Pavel to prison.
Traitor's Mother
What Gorky’s work “Mother” is about becomes clear from the first chapters. The main problem is to reveal the image and spirit of the workers, fighting against the current government and extortions. After reading the novel, the name of the main character’s mother would hardly have been remembered if not for the subsequent events in which she finds herself in the foreground of the novel’s plot. Gradually analyzing the meaning of the book chapter by chapter, the motivation for the elderly woman’s actions becomes clear: this is maternal love.
Immediately after the arrest, Nilovna’s son’s friend comes to her and asks for help. The fact is that a total of 50 people were arrested, but it is possible to prove non-involvement in the rally only by continuing distributing leaflets. The mother of her traitorous son agrees to carry the papers to the factory. She begins delivering lunches to the factory for the workers, which are prepared by a woman she knows; she takes advantage of the fact that the old woman is not searched. After some time, the main characters, Andrei Nakhodka and Pavel Vlasov, are released.
Attention! In Maxim Gorky’s novel “Mother,” the image of the main characters is depicted in such a way that after leaving prison they are not afraid, but continue to engage in underground activities.
Arrest again
Workers are preparing for the May Day holiday. It is planned to march through the city streets and give a speech at the factory square. Pavel cannot think of anything except that he will lead the procession, carrying the red banner of freedom in his hands.
However, gendarmes and soldiers block the demonstrators' path and disperse the procession. Many end up behind bars, and Vlasov is among them.
Nilovna was present when her son was arrested, she saw everything. The one who wrote “Mother” understood perfectly what was going on in a mother’s heart. Further development The events are characterized by the spontaneous and thoughtless actions of an elderly woman: she picks up a piece of the banner that her only son was carrying and takes it home.
After the events described, the old woman is taken by Nikolai Ivanovich (such conditions were agreed upon in advance between him, Andrei and Pavel). The flame of desire burns in a mother's heart better life and simultaneous resentment for the fate of her son, so she leads active underground activities:
- distributes underground books and magazines;
- talks with people, listens to stories;
- convinces them to join.
Traveling around the province, Nilovna sees how poor the common people live, unable to take advantage of the enormous wealth. native land. Returning back, the mother hurries to meet Pavel. Friends worry about their best comrade and try to arrange an escape, initiated by Sashenka. The hero refuses help, explaining his actions by his desire to make a speech before the court.
At trial
Maxim Gorky wrote about Pavel's trial as a sad picture of the past tense: the speeches of the lawyer, judge, and prosecutor are perceived as one. The words of Pavel Vlasov sounded loudly and boldly. He did not say words of justification, the young man tried to explain to those present who they were - people of new times. Although they are called rebels, they are socialists. The slogan consists of simple, understandable words:
- Power to the people!
- Means of production for the people!
- Labor is obligatory for all citizens!
The judge reacted negatively to the young revolutionary’s statements and passed a sentence: “All detainees will be sent to a settlement in Siberia.” The mother is skeptical about the verdict for her son, realizing the court's decision only after some time. Nilovna does not believe in the possibility of separation from her only Pavel for many years.
The problems of Gorky’s novel “Mother” affect the last chapters of the work. The court pronounces a verdict: the accused refer to the settlement. Sashenka is going to follow her lover, Nilovna plans to come if her son has grandchildren.
However, while transporting Paul's printed court speech to a nearby town, an elderly woman recognizes in the look young man familiar features.
He was present in the courthouse, next to the prison. The guy whispers to the watchman, who approaches his mother and calls her a thief. The latter, in turn, calls the accusation a lie, handing out leaflets with her son’s speech to those around her. The gendarme arrives in time and grabs the woman by the throat; in response, wheezing and exclamations are heard from the people who see this spectacle.
Gradually following the chapters, the woman does not realize: from an ordinary mother, whose son is in prison, she has turned into the mother of a traitor. A brief summary of the plot of the work does not allow one to fully plunge into the cycle of problems that have washed over the simple Russian heroine. The problems of Gorky's novel "Mother" affect a wide range of popularity of revolutionary ideas among the working class.
As the depicted object, the author shows the life of an ordinary person becoming a person, capable of thinking and reflecting. The work is a socio-political book that pushes to identify a promising idea of the emergence of a persistent struggle against the oppressive class.
Brief summary of Gorky's novel "Mother"
Analysis of Maxim Gorky's novel "Mother"
Conclusion
Separately, it should be mentioned that the main characters of Gorky’s novel “Mother” were invented after meeting revolutionaries, because of which the author had to emigrate to America. The significance of the novel lies in the fact that the author wrote for millions, he tried to make his works simple and understandable. But, despite this, after the novel was written and published, Gorky was not satisfied with his work, just like many others.
Composition
The heroes of this novel are representatives of a new historical force - the working class, which has entered the decisive phase of the struggle against the old world in the name of creating a socialist society. “Mother” is a novel about the resurrection of the human soul, seemingly tightly crushed by the unjust system and the squalor of the surrounding life. This topic could be explored especially broadly and convincingly using the example of a person like Nilovna. This is a woman on whom her husband takes out his countless grievances, and besides, she is a mother living in eternal anxiety for her son.
Although she is only forty years old, she already feels like an old woman. Early on I felt old, having truly experienced neither the joys of childhood nor the bright moments of youth, and generally not feeling the welcome or grace of life. Wisdom comes to her, in essence, after forty years, when the meaning first opens up before her. human existence, one’s own purpose, the beauty of one’s native land.
In one form or another, many of the novel’s heroes experience such spiritual resurrection. “A person needs to be renewed,” says Rybin. If dirt appears from above, it can be washed off, but how can you clean a person from the inside? And it turns out that the struggle for justice can cleanse and renew the souls of people. Iron Man, Pavel Vlasov is gradually freed from excessive severity and from the fear of giving vent to his feelings, especially the feeling of love; his friend Andrei Nakhodka - on the contrary, from excessive softness; the son of the thieves Vyesovshchiki from distrust of people, from the conviction that they are all enemies of each other; connected by his roots with the peasant masses, Rybin - from distrust of the intelligentsia and ignorance of culture, from the view of all educated people as white-handed gentlemen.
And everything that happens in the souls of the heroes surrounding Nilovna, of course, affects her soul, but understanding many ordinary things is given to her with particular difficulty. From an early age she was taught not to trust people, to fear any of their manifestations, to hide her thoughts and feelings from them.
She teaches her son this too, seeing that he has entered into an argument with life that is familiar to everyone: “I only ask one thing - do not talk to people without fear! You have to be afraid of people - they all hate each other!” Nilovna further admits: “I lived in fear all my life, my whole soul was overgrown with fear!” Many times Nilovna was seized with sticky fear for any reason, but it was more and more drowned out by hatred of her enemies and awareness of the lofty goals of the struggle.
This is, perhaps, even a whole poem about the fight against fear and victory over it, about how a person with a resurrected soul gains fearlessness, about the second - spiritual - birth of a person who has entered the struggle for the renewal of the world.