423. Read. Find and underline the main members of the sentences. Put questions to them.

How are the second and third sentences different from the first? And the second from the third?

What has changed in this proposal compared to the previous ones? What question arises?

The second and third sentences differ in that they have two predicates each.
The fourth sentence is different in that it has three subjects. The question arises: can there be two or even three predicates in a sentence and how can they be called?

424. Read. Find and underline the main terms in the sentences. Put questions to them.

Compare offers. What is the difference? What conclusion can you draw?

Specify in the explanatory dictionary the meaning of the adjective homogeneous. Why do you think these members of the sentence are called so?

In sentences 2,3,4 there are several predicates, they are separated by commas and connected by the union and. it can be concluded that a sentence can have several predicates with one subject or several subjects with one predicate. A sentence with several subjects or predicates is called a sentence with homogeneous members. In the explanatory dictionary, the word homogeneous is interpreted as follows: the same, referring to the same group (genus, category).

425. Read an excerpt from G. Sapgir's poem "Wonder Forests". What members of the sentence does the forest song consist of? Read it with enumeration intonation. Are there similar members in this passage? How should this sentence be read? Write a forest song.

The forest song consists of subjects. In this passage there are also homogeneous predicates: let's sit down, let's sing. When reading this poem, the intonation of enumeration is needed.

426. Read the text to yourself. What words should be read with enumeration intonation? Read aloud, observing the intonation of the enumeration.

Prove that ancient Russian names speak of the richness of the Russian language. Have you met these names? Where? Tell. What do you think, what surnames were formed from these names?

By the nature of the child: Besson, Molchan, Nesmeyana, Neulyba, Kindness, Smirnoy. According to the feelings that children evoked in their parents: Love, Lyubava, Milava, Nechay. These names are found in the surnames that descended from them: Belyay - Belyaev, Molchan - Molchanov, Bulgak - Bulgakov, Smirnoy - Smirnov, Lyubim - Lyubimov, Nechay - Nechaev, Chernyay - Chernov, Nekrasa - Nekrasov.

427. Write down sentences. Find and label the principal terms. Are any of them the same? Show graphically which members of the sentence are homogeneous. Read sentences with homogeneous members. Don't forget about the intonation of the enumeration.

428. Write down the text. Find and underline the main terms in each sentence. Show graphically homogeneous members.

Underline familiar spellings, explain spelling.

Consider again the schemes of sentences with homogeneous members. What sign separates homogeneous members in a letter?

429. Read. Decide which scheme corresponds to each sentence. Write in the order of the diagrams.

At night, birches and firs doze in the fields to the tunes of a snowstorm.

A goby stands in the yard and chews its tongue.

The sun will come out again, look into the windows to us.

430. Write down sentences according to schemes.

Geese and swans nest on the lake.

Geese and swans swim, splash, dive.

In summer, robins and nightingales sing so wonderfully.

431. Write down the text. Put, where necessary, a comma between homogeneous terms. Show graphically homogeneous members.

432. Compose and write down sentences according to schemes.

The Volga and Oka flow into the Caspian Sea.

White lilies and yellow water lilies bloomed in the pond.

The bright stars twinkled, shone, shone.

433. Compose and write down sentences in which there are: 1) two homogeneous subjects with one predicate; 2) three homogeneous subjects with one predicate; 3) two homogeneous predicates with one subject; 4) three homogeneous predicates with one subject. Put the correct punctuation marks. Spelling highlights.

434. Read the text. What is it the main idea? List the punctuation marks you know. Which of them are placed only at the end of the sentence, and which - only inside the sentence?

The main idea of ​​the text: punctuation marks, like intonation, allow you to more accurately understand the text, help to convey what cannot be conveyed only in words. Punctuation marks: period, question and exclamation marks, ellipsis. In the middle of a sentence, you can put a comma, a dash.

435. What can punctuation marks tell about the meaning and intonation of these sentences?

Make up and write sentences according to these diagrams. What are these sentences in terms of the purpose of the utterance and intonation?

436. Read. What questions do the underlined words answer? Which members of the proposal are they? Which members of the sentence are the highlighted words - main or secondary? What conclusion about the homogeneous members of the sentence can you draw?

Write the text, underline in the sentences of the grammatical basis. Graphically show the homogeneous members of the sentence.

437. Sleep. Underline the main terms. Graphically designate homogeneous members of the sentence. What are they - main or secondary? Explain why a comma is placed or not placed between homogeneous members.

What are these sentences in terms of the purpose of the utterance and intonation? Underline spellings in and between words. Explain spelling.

438. Read. What signs are at the end of a sentence? Which sentence should be read with enumeration intonation? Why? What signs should be put in this sentence?

Write the second and third stanzas. Open the brackets, fill in the missing letters.

Show graphically homogeneous terms.

Matryoshkas drag iodine,
Bandages, cotton bags.
And Vanka suddenly gets up
With a wicked smile.
- Believe me, I'm alive!
And I don't need a babysitter!
We do not fall for the first time -
That's why we are Vanka - Stand up!

439. Dictation with preparation. Read. Underline and explain the spelling. Underline the main parts of the sentences with a simple pencil. Show homogeneous members. Put commas where necessary. Close your textbook. Write to dictation.

Human thinking is formed with the help of language () and is firmly connected with it. 1) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union AND

comma is not needed. 2) A compound sentence, before the union And a comma is not needed. 3) A compound sentence, before the union And a comma is needed. 4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And a comma is needed.

Make up and write down sentences with homogeneous members. There were traces in the snow (-a; 1st; singular)......., (n.o.; 2nd; singular) .. ..and (n.o.; 3rd; singular)..... .People

walked along the main (-a; 1st; singular) ..., along (n.o.; 3rd; singular) ... and along (n.o.; 2nd ; singular)... . partridge, square, avenue, lynx, black grouse, street.

1. Homogeneous members of the sentence are: a) words repeated for greater expressiveness; b) words that answer the same

question and related to one

member of the proposal;

c) words referring to the same member of the sentence, but answering

answering different questions.

2. In which sentence are the definitions homogeneous (no commas):

a) Buy a comfortable wide table.

b) Buy a comfortable desk.

3. Find a sentence with homogeneous members:

a) The sea catches lightning bolts and extinguishes them in its abyss.

b) The moon was behind the clouds, and the snowdrifts seemed blue.

c) It was raining in the morning and the sky was covered with clouds.

4. Is a comma placed between homogeneous members connected by union-

mi, in stable combinations.:

5. A colon with generalizing words is placed:

a) if the generalizing word is in front of homogeneous members;

b) if the generalizing word is after homogeneous members.

6. Find a sentence that matches the pattern: O: O, O, O - ...

(no commas included).

a) In the basket were different fruits, apples, pears, grapes, peaches.

b) From sea ​​fish cod herring halibut can cook a lot of flavor-

dishes.

c) Morning dispels all fear, fatigue, excitement.

1. In what ways are homogeneous members of the sentence connected:

a) coordinating conjunctions and intonation;

b) subordinating conjunctions and intonation.

2. Find an opposing union:

3. Which group does the union belong to or:

a) writing;

b) opposing;

c) separating.

4. Find homogeneous members in sentences and determine their syntax

function.

a) We examined our new home and found many useful things here.

b) Pink and unsteady reality is reflected in dreams.

c) A long-legged shadow from a white, red-spotted, short-legged Murzik.

d) Tasya and Voloshin were standing next to Streletsky.

1. subject;

2. predicate;

3. definition;

4. addition;

5. circumstance.

5. Determine how homogeneous members are related:

a) This bird generally loves lakes, rivers, swamps.

b) There were narrow and sharp racing boats and wide seaworthy boats.

1. allied connection;

2. unionless connection.

I often travel by train. I like to look out the window. "Bold Font" (Fields flicker outside the train window. Rivers flicker outside. Forests flicker. Villages flicker).

Please note that homogeneous members allow you to express the meaning of several sentences in one sentence.

water. b) A tense artillery duel. c) Lelya, laughing, ran up to the terrace. d) What a wonderful morning: the dew fell and the birds sing! Find sentences with introductory words: a) Little by little, my capercaillie, however, calmed down. b) Oh, finally, you remembered me. c) At last the train appeared. d) Apparently, he attached considerable importance to his words. e) Undoubtedly, work ennobles a person. Find sentences with separate definitions: 1) The whole appearance of Arkadiev's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony. 2) The tram heading for the stadium was crowded. the face was scary.5) Exhausted, dirty, wet, we finally reached the shore. 4. Indicate sentences with non-isolated circumstances: 1) Despite all my efforts, I could not fall asleep at all. 2) Klim Samghin walked cheerfully along the street and did not give way to oncoming people. 3) Having removed the bridle from the piebald gelding, Nester scratched him under the neck . 4) Savka said the last words smiling, and my heart went cold. 5) The young graces of Moscow at first silently survey Tatyana from head to toe. 5. Why is this proposal complicated? At first, the wounded rook desperately defended himself with his beak, but, obviously realizing the futility of the struggle, he became silent, only looked frightened at people with black, like ripe bird cherry, eyes. 1) homogeneous members; 2) introductory words; 3) comparative turnover ;4) a separate circumstance;5) a separate definition.6. Indicate the correct punctuation (comma): The sun (1) illuminating the expanses (2) the day played (3) multi-colored paints (4) caressing the eyes.1) 1, 2, 4.2) 2, 3.3) 4.4) 2, 4.5) 1, 2, 3, 4.7. In what cases should the construction with be isolated? 1) I felt this as the greatest happiness. 2) As a high-ranking person, it is not appropriate for me to ride a bicycle. 3) The boat swayed heavily on the waves like a seal. 4) The sky was like a blue tent. almost like daytime.8. Indicate the sentences where a comma should be placed before and: 1) In an endless, free space, shine and movement, roar and thunder. young years And youthful fever and young delirium. 4) Their prophetic language is truthful and free and friendly with the will of heaven. A comma at the place of gaps is placed in sentences: 1) His behavior _ seems _ strange to everyone. 2) The steamer will depart _ of course _ not earlier than dawn. 3) The night was moonlight _ soft. 4) Oh you Volga _ dear Volga _ who does not love yours shores! 5) You _ means _ were waiting for me. 10. A punctuation error was made in the sentences: 1) I would take everything with me - both your forests and your fields. 2) At night everything around: the river, fields, forest was quiet and beautiful. 3) And along the boundary, and along the moat under the boundary - colorful flowers everywhere. 4) It was a beautiful, wooden house. 5) Lulled by sweet hopes, he slept soundly.

Punctuation marks in a simple compound sentence

Homogeneous members of the proposal:

1. Answering the same question
2. Depend on the same word
3. Pronounced with enumerative intonation

Homogeneous members of a sentence- these are members of the same name that are connected with each other by a coordinative connection and perform the same syntactic function in the sentence, that is, they are united by the same relationship to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members can be connected by coordinating unions and are pronounced with “enumeration intonation”. In the absence of unions and when they are repeated, homogeneous members are also connected by connecting pauses.

Details in the video:

Remember!

Firstly, homogeneous members of a sentence are NOT ALWAYS the same part of speech. The most important thing is that they answer the same question and depend on one word!

Secondly, ANY MEMBERS of the sentence can be homogeneous: the subject, the predicate, the definition, the object, and the circumstance.

Examples

Let us denote the homogeneous term by the sign ?.

Rule.

Homogeneous members of a sentence can be used
without alliances	with single unions	with repeated alliances	with double alliances
?,?,? Roses, lilies, daisies bloomed in the garden.	connecting unions, yes (= and), or Suddenly a storm came upANDfrequent hail. The garden is fragrant with autumn freshness, leaves And fruits. opposing unionsa, but, yes (= but), but, however Not an iron key opens the heart, Adobrota.	or or or either not that... not that 1) and?, and?, and? or?, or?, or? They seem to meTHATnoisy feasts,THATmilitary camp,THATcombat fights. Do not you hear me ,ORDo not understand ,ORjust ignore. Blizzards ANDblizzard, coldANDdarkness did not prevent the polar explorers from landing on the ice floes.	not only but like...and if not...then not so much as though...but A comma is placed before the second part of the union! not only but? how? and so? These rules can be rememberedHOWsports masters,SO ANDnewcomers.

Trap #1!

A sentence can have several rows of homogeneous members, so distinguish between constructions with homogeneous members of the sentence connected by repeated unions, and constructions with several rows of homogeneous members, which are connected within a row by a single union.

Trees and herbs in summer and at the very beginning of autumn are juicy and fresh.

(This is a sentence with three rows of homogeneous members: two homogeneous subjects, two homogeneous predicates and two homogeneous circumstances)

No commas anywhere!

Thin rains were sown on the forests, and on the fields, and on the wide Dnieper.

This is one series of homogeneous members, so they depend on one verb "sowed", they answer one question - Where to? and are circumstances, so the comma is placed as with repeated unions.

Trap #2!

Phraseological turns(stable combinations of words, a comma is not put inside them):

• Out of the blue
• And day and night
• Both old and young
• And laughter and grief
• And here and there
• Neither back nor forward
• Neither yes nor no
• For nothing for nothing
• Neither fish nor fowl
• Neither light nor dawn
• Neither hearing nor spirit

Action algorithm.

1) In each sentence, find homogeneous members of the sentence (see three signs of homogeneous members at the very beginning of the chapter).

2) Determine how many rows of homogeneous members are in the sentence. Consider each of the rows separately from each other.

3) Note what unions they are connected with: without union, single, repeated or double union.

4) Build a diagram and place commas.

Parsing the task.

Indicate the proposal in which you want to put one

1) On the sides of the path, rose hips stood with high and steep walls and bloomed with a scarlet and damp fire.

2) Only the tops of the trees and the winding edge of the opposite bank were visible.

3) His hand and face and blue overalls were shiny with soot and engine oil.

4) In the atmosphere of secret societies, Pushkin's life passed both in St. Petersburg and later in the south.

Answer option number 1.

Read Trap #1 again.

We find homogeneous members of the sentence. There are three rows here: tall and steep(what?, depends on the word « walls » ),stood and blossomed(what did you do?), scarlet and wet(what?, depend on the word "fire"). Three rows of homogeneous members of the sentence, each of which is internally connected by a single union And, therefore no commas are required.

Answer option number 2.

The sentence has one row of homogeneous members: tops and edge(what?, depend on the word "were seen"). They are connected by a single union Yes in meaning And

Answer option number 3.

There are two rows of homogeneous members in the sentence. Firstly, hand and face and overalls(what?, are subjects) that are connected by a repeating union And. We place commas after each homogeneous member of the sentence: His hand, and face, and blue overalls. Secondly, from soot and oil(from what ?, depend on "glossy"), they are connected by a single union And, so no comma is needed.

Answer option number 4.

One row of homogeneous sentence members: both in St. Petersburg and in the south(where?, depending on the word "passed"). They are bound by a double alliance like... so, so we put a comma only before the second part of the union, that is: both in Petersburg and in the south.

Thus the correct answer is 4.

Practice.

1. Specify the offer in which you want to put one comma. (No punctuation marks.)

1) Official medicine opposes self-treatment and treatment with unverified means.

2) The northern regions turned out to be unequal both in terms of the number of inhabitants and in terms of economic development opportunities.

3) Sometimes medicinal plants completely lose their medicinal properties or retain them to a small extent.

4) Swans majestically floated along the river or circled over the water or rested at their house.

2. Specify the offer in which you want to put one comma. (No punctuation marks.)

1) On the same lilac bush, I saw yellow leaves and buds that began to swell.

2) Gusak talked to himself in a husky bass and picked up spilled seeds.

3) Our culture is strong not only and not so much by the leaders of the capital as by the inhabitants of the hinterland.

1. The concept of homogeneous members.

2. Unions with homogeneous members.

3. Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.

4. Generalizing words with homogeneous terms.

Homogeneous members of the proposal - these are members of the same name, connected with each other by a coordinative connection and performing the same syntactic function in a sentence, i.e. united by the same relationship to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members are connected or can be connected by coordinating conjunctions and are pronounced with enumeration intonation. In the absence of unions or when they are repeated, homogeneous members are also connected by connecting pauses. Homogeneous can be both main and minor members suggestions, for example:

The gardener fell silent, put the tube behind the top of his boot (P.S.) - homogeneous predicates;

Caps and scarves, overcoats and overalls (E.N.) walked past Dunyashka - homogeneous subjects;

On the corners of album sheets, Vasya painted birds, animals and angels (PS) - homogeneous additions.

Homogeneous members of a sentence can be uncommon and common, those. may include explanatory words, for example:

Everything stirred, woke up, sang, rustled, spoke (T).

My horse jumped through the bushes, tore the bushes with his chest (L.)

Homogeneous members may have the same morphological expression, but may be heterogeneous, for example:

Now she is kind of quiet, bright and affectionate in words (K. V.)

The presence of homogeneous members of the proposal is not seen in the following cases:

1. When repeating the same words in order to emphasize the duration of the action, the multitude of persons or objects, the increased manifestation of the sign, etc., for example: I'm going, I'm going to an open field (P.); Here is a dark, dark garden (N.)

2. In integral phraseological expressions: and day and night; both old and young; neither this nor that; neither give nor take; neither back nor forth, etc. .

3. When combining two verbs in the same form, acting as a single predicate (in the meaning of an action and its purpose, an unexpected or arbitrary action, etc.), for example, I'll go look at the class schedule; took yes and did the opposite, etc.

To connect homogeneous members of a sentence, the following categories of coordinating conjunctions are used:

1. Connecting unions: and, yes,(in the meaning of "and"), neither ... nor, etc. Union And can be single and repetitive. A single union shows that the enumeration is exhaustive, for example: Screeching, barking and howling were heard outside (Ars.).

The repetition of the union and before each homogeneous member of the sentence makes the series incomplete and emphasizes the enumerative intonation, for example: And the sling, and the arrow, and the crafty dagger spare the winner for years (P.).

Union And can connect homogeneous terms in pairs, for example: They agreed: wave and stone, poetry and prose, ice and fire are not so different from each other (P.).

Recurring union no no used in negative sentences acting as a union And, For example: Behind the rain, neither the sea nor the sky was visible (M. G.)

Union Yes(in the meaning of "and") is used mainly in colloquial speech, its use in works of art gives speech a touch of simplicity, for example: And Vaska listens and eats (Kr.); Open the window and sit next to me (P.).

Union Yes is also used as a repeating, but cannot appear before the first homogeneous member, for example: Dog, Man, yes Cat, yes Falcon once swore to each other in eternal friendship (Kr.).

Unions also yes and have an associated meaning, for example: I peacefully enjoyed my work, success, fame, as well as the work and success of friends (P.)

Double alliances as ... so and, not so ... as, not only ... but (a) and, not so much ... how much, as much ... as much, although ... but, if not ... then have the meaning of comparisons, comparisons, for example: Although it looks simple, it has a wonderful property (Kr.).

2. Opposing unions: ah but yes(meaning "but") however, etc.

Union A shows that instead of some objects, signs, actions, others are established, i.e. that one concept is affirmed and another is denied, for example: The Titmouse put on glory, but did not light the sea (Kr.).

In the absence of negation union A indicates opposition, for example: The dog ages for the brave, but bites the cowardly (proverb).

Union But introduces a constraint shade, for example: On the right bank there are peaceful, but still restless auls (L.T.)

Union Yes introduces a colloquial connotation, for example: Who is noble and strong, but not smart, so bad if he is with a good heart (Kr.).

Emphasize opposition alliances however And but, For example: I hesitated a little, but sat down (T.).

A connecting union can act as an opposing union And, For example: I wanted to travel around the whole world, and did not travel around the hundredth part (Gr.).

3. Dividing unions: or, or, whether ... whether, then ... then, not that ... not that, etc.

Union or(single or repeated) indicates the need to choose one of the concepts expressed by homogeneous members and excluding or replacing each other, for example: They let me go with Evseich to the river every day, either in the morning or in the evening (Ax.)

Union or, with the same meaning (usually repeated), is colloquial, for example: Gavrila decided that the mute either ran or drowned with his dog (T.)

Recurring union then... then indicates an alternation of phenomena, for example: The stars either blinked with a faint light, then disappeared (G.)

Recurring union whether ... whether has a separating enumeration value.

Recurring alliances not that ... not that, either ... or indicate the uncertainty of the impression or the difficulty of choice, for example: In the heart, not laziness, not tenderness (G.)

In Russian, it is customary to single out homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.

Homogeneous definitions each directly related to the word being defined and are in the same relationship to it. Between themselves, homogeneous definitions are connected by coordinating conjunctions and enumerative intonation or only intonation of enumeration and connecting pauses.

Homogeneous definitions are used in two cases: a) to designate the distinguishing features of different objects, b) to designate various features of the same object.

Ex: Red, green, yellow, blue panels of light fall on passers-by (K ..)

Chapaev loved a strong, decisive, firm word (Ch.)

Definitions are heterogeneous if the preceding definition does not refer directly to the noun being defined, but to a combination of the subsequent definition and the noun being defined, for example: The sun hid behind advanced low ripped cloud (L. T.).

Heterogeneous definitions characterize the subject from different angles, in different ways, For example: large leather briefcase(size and material), elongated pale face(shape, color), beautiful Moscow boulevards(quality, location).

A generalizing word is usually a grammatical form of expression of a generic concept that combines subordinate concepts on the basis of real proximity, the grammatical form of expression of which is homogeneous members of a sentence, for example:

Village, stacks of hay, paths all covered with snow (E.N.).

Everywhere: in front, behind, on the left, on the right - boundless native expanses were spread (K.V.).

Often, words denoting a concept with a wide scope are used as a generalizing word, for example:

Across the river, along the roads, in the steppe - everywhere it was empty (T.).

The generalizing word can be in front of homogeneous members or follow them. Sometimes homogeneous members are between the subject - the generalizing word - and the predicate, for example:

A crowd of buildings: human, barns, cellars - filled the yard.

In order to strengthen, the following words are placed before the generalizing word: in a word, in a word, For example:

River, forest, groves, fields - in a word, everything is pleasing to our eyes.