Often, a private house for one reason or another, it cannot be connected to the central gas pipeline. Therefore, in order to always have hot water and heat in the house, there is a way out - change the gas boiler to an analogue that runs on liquid fuel. And this will be right, since liquid fuel heating boilers are easy to operate, they do not require daily care, and their benefits are obvious.

You will only have to make sure that there is fuel available.

Note!
Diesel fuel is best suited for a domestic boiler, and a steel container is very convenient for storing it.
If you are going to use plastic containers, keep in mind that they must be opaque, as light will greatly degrade the quality of the liquid.
for storage the best place can be considered dug into the ground barrels or canisters.

In this case, you will not be bothered by the smell, the fuel emits it even if the container is hermetically sealed. As a last resort, arrange storage space away from home.

Boiler design

In order for liquid fuel heating boilers to work smoothly in the future, think through all the details down to the smallest detail, from installation to storage.

Many do not even have an idea how this type of heating system looks and works. As can be seen in the photo, for example, the main difference between the units considered today is the fan burner with which it is equipped. It is necessary for the efficient and safe operation of the system.

By spraying the fuel in liquid form, it prepares the fuel for further entry into the combustion chamber. Then it ignites, already mixed with air. The main components of the boiler are a burner, a heat exchanger and automation. Usually, a heating boiler for liquid fuel can be single-circuit, and double-circuit.

The first type is designed for space heating, while the second is able to supply the owners with hot water for domestic purposes. For dual-circuit models, you will have to additionally mount access cold water and exit - for already heated.

As for the main components of the boiler, these are:

1. Actually the body, equipped with thermal insulation.
2. Automation that provides work control.
3. Heat exchanger.
4. Burner.

In order for the boiler to work with full efficiency, reliable thermal insulation is simply necessary. Inside the system case there is a heat exchanger, the coolant is heated in it. At the moment of fuel combustion, the heated gases rush upward, enveloping the heat exchanger, then heat passes from its walls to the coolant.

Pros and cons of liquid fuel heat generators

Like most of these devices, liquid fuel boilers have both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of the units

1. The possibility of using for heating residential premises, as well as enterprises and even river vessels.
2. Complete autonomy and independence from centralized heating, as well as gas supply.
3. Automated and well-regulated operation, allowing you to work smoothly.
4. Ease of maintenance and extremely minimal need for repair or replacement of components.
5. Very high efficiency up to 95%.
6. Almost completely absent smell and noise during the operation of the boiler.
7. Autonomous heating on liquid fuel, which allows you to turn on the heating at any time convenient for the user.
8. The safety of a properly installed system.

Device Disadvantages

1. To store fuel, you will definitely need to install an appropriate container.
2. The cost of a boiler of this type is quite high, its price is slightly more expensive than solid fuel analogues.
3. Installation of a heating system will require the organization of a separate room equipped with a chimney, in other words, an autonomous boiler room. This, too, will require certain costs and applied forces.
4. Liquid fuel is insignificant, but still more expensive than similar energy carriers.
5. Automatic long and uninterrupted operation will provide a fuel tank of a sufficiently large volume. Therefore, a separate boiler room will require a lot of attention.

Note!
As we can see, the advantages in any case dominate the disadvantages.
Anyway, if you really want quality work equipment, uninterrupted supply of heat and hot water, independence from centralized systems and complete autonomy, it is worth spending a little more financial resources.

What fuel can be used

As any manufacturer's instruction indicates, the fuel for the described type of boilers is not limited to only one type - diesel.

Fuel types

On this moment liquid for heating boilers is available in various forms.

1. Kerosene for heating diesel boilers. It is good if GOST - 305 is used during its release.
2. Crankcase, as well as engine and transmission automotive waste oils.It is also possible to use synthetic or mineral-based ATF lubricant. In this case, the flash point of the fuel should not exceed 204⁰. Abrasive particles and water as an impurity are not allowed in the fuel.
3. Mixtures of diesel fuel and used oils in various variations.

How much is needed

As for the calculation of the cost, as well as fuel consumption, this is strictly individual for each user. The reason is that each heating system will have its own price. It is quite easy to make calculations on your own, you need to calculate the ratio of the heating area and fuel consumption so much.

If the liquid for heating boilers is diesel fuel, then its hourly consumption is equal to the power of the installed burner multiplied by 0.1. Waste oil as a fuel has a flow rate of 1 liter times an area of ​​100 m² per hour. The final consumption is determined based on the power of the boiler and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heated room, that is, 1 kW is able to warm 10 m².

Unit installation

As mentioned above, you will need a room for this type of heating system. This, a kind of mini-boiler room, necessarily includes a chimney and an exhaust hood, as well as a fuel storage tank.

It is desirable to install a container of a large volume so that there is no hassle in the future with its frequent filling. A supply pump is also installed, it will distill the fuel from the tank to the boiler, and pipeline fittings. If you are confident in your abilities, you can do everything - from the design of a heating system with a liquid fuel heat generator to installing it yourself.

But still, it is desirable to attract specialists for this. Trained people, taking into account all the nuances of your home, will do everything competently and quickly. After all, an autonomous heating system is a rather serious matter, and requires an appropriate approach.

Industrial boilers

For large-scale heating systems, large heating devices are used, respectively, their size is proportional to the size of the premises. Of course, a domestic liquid fuel heating boiler is many times smaller than industrial ones. However, the principle of operation of both is similar.

The enterprises use diesel fuel or fuel oil as a fuel material, as well as used oil. Oils are most often used in countries where special attention is paid to environmental friendliness. environment. Utilization solves two problems - there is fuel for boilers, and waste is safely destroyed.

Liquid-fuel industrial boilers, as a rule, are steam boilers; they produce hot steam as a heat carrier, which is necessary for industrial needs. Each unit is equipped with a fully automatic purge system and an economizer. The system removes condensate, and the economizer significantly increases the efficiency of the device. Where it is necessary to heat workshops or other premises of a large area, boiler equipment is additionally installed.

Problems that may arise

Often the owner of a house or cottage faces many problems that arise during the design process. The reasons lie in the features of the architecture of the building. Traditional heating methods are not always acceptable, but liquid fuel heat generating devices in most cases suit homeowners.

Fuel for them: engine oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, are available in almost all regions. But central gas pipelines and good roads are far from being everywhere.

The one considered today almost does not differ from the gas boiler, but it is beneficial to use, convenient, and has an efficiency of up to 97%, which is important. The only difference is that the liquid is supplied to the heating system in a slightly different way, and this boiler is also equipped with a burner that supplies air. Oxygen is necessary for the fuel to burn evenly in the chamber.

If you need hot water in addition to heating, you will have to install a double-circuit boiler. Naturally, for people permanently residing in the house, this is necessary. There may be problems with the choice of a place for a boiler room and fuel storage. This needs to be carefully thought out in advance, to make a project of the future system.

It is advisable to watch a video on this topic if you are planning this kind of construction. And even better - to invite experts enlightened in this area. They will help you with the best choice places, taking into account the characteristics of your home. Otherwise, rebuilding everything and moving equipment will be much more expensive and troublesome.

It would be strange if I started an article about liquid fuel boilers with their criticism. She, of course, will be, but a little lower. When choosing the type of heating boiler for a home, it is important to compare the pros and cons of the type of boiler in question, take into account the regional location of the house, fuel availability, additional tasks that the boiler must perform, and many other nuances. This is what we will do in this article, and we will analyze in detail all the nuances regarding liquid fuel heating boilers.

Concept definition

There are no mental frills in defining this type of heating boilers. Oil boilers are boilers operating on liquid fuel such as diesel fuel, it is also diesel fuel.

The main purpose of the liquid fuel boiler is to heat the house by heating the heat carrier of the heating circuit. Depending on the brand of the boiler, it can perform an additional function, namely, to heat water in the plumbing system, creating a DHW circuit. In general, no supertasks, the usual tasks of all heating boilers.

Oil boilers and fuel

It so happened that speaking of household liquid fuel boilers, it is a priori understood that these boilers run on diesel fuel (diesel fuel). In fact, the burners of these boilers can also operate on other types of liquid fuels (which should be indicated in the documentation):

• Kerosene;
• light oil;
• various oils;
• Fuel oil.

The main requirement for fuel is the absence of moisture and the absence of abrasive impurities. It is also worth noting that each type of fuel affects the performance of the boiler and the frequency of its maintenance.

It is also important to understand that the fuel on which the boiler operates must be indicated in the documentation for the boiler and there are no omnivorous liquid fuel boilers yet.

How much fuel does the boiler need

How much fuel the boiler consumes is indicated in the documents (descriptions) for the boiler or boiler burner. To understand the order of numbers, I compiled a summary table, boiler power and fuel consumption per day.

Two-circuit boilers, diesel fuel and kerosene (Kiturami company).

• 15 kW / 5-7 liters/day
• 19 kW / 8 l
• 25 kW / 7-10 l
• 35 kW / 10-15 l
• 57 kW / 23 l
• 82 kW / 33 l
• 115 kW / 46 l

Conclusions on consumption (calculation No. 1)

Based on the fuel consumption data, you can estimate the cost of heating for the season.

• We take the heating season of 6 months, or 180 days.
• For a house of 300 meters, a 30 kW boiler is required (1 kW per 10 meters).
• We select a boiler from the list above by 34.9 kW, which consumes an average of 12 liters of diesel fuel per day. (10.0-14.5 l).
• The maximum fuel consumption for 180 days will be 180 × 14.5 = 2610 liters.
• We understand that no one will drown at the maximum all season. We believe that for 90 days of the heating season the boiler operates at 100%, and 90 days at 50%.
• We get: 90 × 14.5 + 90 × 14.5 / 2 = 1305 + 652.5 = 1957.5 liters.
• Diesel fuel 1957.5 liters costs (retail at 38 rubles) 74385 rubles (1240 rubles per month).

In the article " Simplified calculation of the heating system"I showed the calculation of the power of the heating boiler. Below is another calculation that will show different results.

Advantages of oil boilers

• There are quite obvious advantages of liquid fuel boilers used in industries related to fuels and lubricants. For private houses, the advantages of boilers of this type may raise questions:
• Boilers for liquid fuel have a high efficiency from 86 to 98%. This is a good indicator, and it is very close to the indicators of gas boilers;
• The undoubted plus of diesel boilers, unlike gas boilers, does not require permits (approvals) for the installation of the boiler. Although you still have to equip the furnace room;
• Diesel boilers are produced in the most autonomous configurations. Boiler automation and automatic fuel supply minimize the presence of a person for maintenance;
• Another plus is the ability to quickly and easily change the boiler burner and switch to working with natural gas;
• Although there are no omnivorous boilers, diesel boilers can run on alternative types of liquid fuels, as indicated in the boiler documentation;
• Boilers for liquid fuel can fit into any heating system and can work with any coolant (water and antifreeze).

Disadvantages of oil-fired boilers

When choosing a boiler, the disadvantages of oil-fired boilers are more important.

• First of all, these are the costs of arranging a furnace room, building a chimney and installing a fuel tank with a capacity of 500-3000 liters. You can’t put such a tank in the house (although they do it), which means you need a place on the site. Installing a large tank is also costly and requires compliance with technology.
• The furnace room is needed to hide the noisy operation of boilers of this type. In addition, the combustion of diesel fuel is accompanied by oil odors.
• Environmental authorities may have big questions about tank equipment. All these are additional costs.
• Modern oil-fired boilers are expensive, and fuel costs exceed those of other fuels.
• Another pitfall is the high requirements for fuel quality. This may be a problem of regional (local) significance.

How much fuel is needed for the season

one of them critical issues to decide how much fuel you need for the season. Let's count.

Simplified, it is considered that:

• 1 liter of diesel fuel allows you to heat an area up to 100 meters for an hour.
• The boiler consumption is calculated as the power of the used burner multiplied by 0.1.
• And as always, 1 kW of the boiler will heat 10 square meters. meters of the house.

Let's make an approximate calculation, from the word example.

• Let us have a house of 300 meters, as in the calculation above. To heat a well-insulated house, we need a 30 kW boiler. Boiler efficiency 93%. The burner of such a boiler will burn 32.2 kW × 0.1 = 3.2 liters of fuel per hour. This is 77.4 liters per day.
• In the heating season, we count 180 days (6 months). The maximum fuel consumption in the so-called continuous mode will be: 13932 liters (14 tons). Wow!
• We understand that the boiler will not operate at full capacity all season. For the calculation, it is assumed that the boiler will be used for half a season by 50%. Therefore, for the season for a house of 300 meters we need:
• 90 × 77.4 + 90 × 38.7 = 6966 + 3483 = 10449 liters.
• For the price: 10449 liters × 38 rubles = 397062 rubles (66177 rubles per month). Unreal amount.

A logical question arises: Why, in comparison with the calculation according to the passport (above), this calculation above gave completely different results and where is the correct calculation?

Answer: Error in 72 liters per day. Not one diesel boiler will work 24 hours a day.

As I said, diesel boilers have very serious automation. Boiler 2/3 days, will be turned off, not turned on. Therefore, the calculation should include not 24 hours of work, but 8 hours. That is, fuel for the season is not 10449 liters, but 3483 liters.

In addition, modern boilers have technological tricks that also reduce fuel consumption, such as multi-stage burners, turbo circulation burners.

One more moment. The calculation given at the beginning of the article is based on the passport data of the boilers, which were compiled taking into account the quality of the fuel of the manufacturer's country. Also, the boiler consumption indicated in the passport is slightly underestimated, as it implies perfect insulation of the house, the temperature outside is minus 10-15˚C and is given to an already warmed-up house (heat maintenance mode).

Therefore, the correct calculation of fuel consumption for the heating season will be somewhere in the middle between 1957.5 liters according to the passport and 3483 lira according to the calculation. Remember that I thought the house was 300 meters away.

How does a liquid fuel boiler work

The operation of diesel fuel boilers is similar to that of a gas boiler. The leading role is played by a burner with a fan. She sprays fuel. In the combustion chamber, the fuel mixes with oxygen (air) and ignites. From the combustion of the fuel mixture, the heat exchanger with the coolant is heated.

In a double-circuit boiler, there is a second circuit along which water from the water supply moves, creating a hot water supply system.

Speaking about the similarities in the operation of gas and diesel boilers, it is worth remembering that most liquid fuel boilers can be quickly converted to work on gas (and vice versa). Only the boiler burner is replaced and that's it.

For example, boiler De DietrichGT123 running on liquid fuel or gas. When purchased, it works with a pressurized oil burner, which can be replaced with a gas burner for gas operation. The diagram shows a similar double-circuit boiler Kiturami.

For liquid fuel heating units, fan (pressure) burners are used. They atomize the liquid fuel entering the burner under pressure with the required atomization ratio. Air is also forced into the burner, which is correctly called forced air.

The fuel mixture is ignited by electrodes. Further work of a copper is provided with the built-in automatic equipment.

It's time to notice that in the design of boilers there are a lot of electronics and equipment powered by electricity (fans, pumps). This makes diesel boilers electrodependent and this must be taken into account when buying and installing. If the house has frequent problems with electricity, then you need to take care of the backup power supply.

Types and modes of operation of burners for liquid fuels

Some manufacturers sell oil-fired boilers without burners. And that's why. The choice of burners for liquid fuels is quite large and there are many differences in types and modes of operation.

Burner types

The following types of burners are distinguished by fuel:

• Mono fuel burners. They work only on one type of liquid fuel, more often on diesel fuel. To switch to oils, you will have to change the burner nozzles.
• Bi fuel burners. They operate on several, often two, types of fuel. There are combinations, diesel-gas, diesel-firewood, diesel-wood-coal, etc.

Types of burners by operating mode

We also pay attention to this:

The burner is single stage. Pretty primitive, because of this, a reliable burner. Adjustment is made by simple inclusion/switching off of a torch. Differ in the maximum return of power and the maximum consumption of fuel.

The burner is multistage. Such a burner is configured to work according to complex soft on / off algorithms, through intermediate values capacities. Such burners are expensive, but they save diesel fuel perfectly. Typically, these burners are on powerful boilers from 40 kW.

Boiler heat exchanger for diesel fuel

The heat exchanger of these types of boilers does not differ in originality. They are made from steel or cast iron. Steel is lighter and cheaper, but lasts less. Cast iron holds heat well and lasts a long time, but is fragile and expensive. Everything is like everywhere else. Read about heat exchangers.

Fuel storage tank

Now the most interesting. For a liquid fuel boiler, a container for storing fuel is needed, and I attributed this to the shortcomings a little higher.

The calculations shown above say that the capacity is needed for several tons. There is no need to invent anything here and it is better to buy a ready-made container with all the built-in equipment: a float, a vapor outlet, a drain cock, a fuel intake kit, a pipeline for fuel output to the burner, etc.

The material for containers is steel, polyethylene, fiberglass.

To install the tank, site preparation, a foundation pit, concreting and a lot of special work will be required. This needs to be understood and most likely, you will have to hire specialists.

Automation (control)

According to its characteristics, the boiler can independently supply fuel, it does not need to be thrown up like firewood. Therefore, in boilers of this type, maximum attention is paid to automatic control, which minimizes the presence of a person in the operation of the boiler.

Using the example of the Kiturami boilers that came to me, let's see what is included in the automation of the boiler. On the body we see sensors for fuel level, temperature, overheating. There is an electronic remote control unit. Boiler indicators allow you to monitor the temperature of the coolant in the heat exchanger, circulation pump, burner, food. Tricky buttons "Sleep", "Shower", also elements of universal automation. This is a plus.

conclusions

If there are problems with gasification in your area, and you cannot get additional power for an electric boiler, but you need heating in the house and hot water is needed, then liquid fuel boilers are what you need.

On the modern market, there are a lot of offers of various equipment for heating private houses and cottages, using for heat generation different kinds energy carriers - from main gas and electricity to firewood and sawdust. But what to do and how to heat your home if natural gas is not connected to it, a small limit on electricity is set, and various types of biofuels are not available for various reasons? In this situation, there is only one alternative - heating boilers for liquid fuel (diesel fuel).

Varieties of boilers for diesel fuel

So, due to the inability to use other common energy sources, you decided to arrange liquid fuel heating in your home. It's time to choose a heating boiler, and here you should figure out what types of these products exist and choose the most suitable option. Manufacturers offer liquid fuel heating boilers of the following types:

• diesel boilers;
• universal units, they provide for the possibility of switching from diesel to natural gas;
• diesel condensing boilers;
• installations that burn all types of waste oils.

If in the foreseeable future there is no change in the situation with energy carriers, then your option is to heat a private house with a heating boiler of the first type, which burns only diesel fuel.

For reference. Most of these plants can also operate on liquid biological fuel, which is obtained from industrial crops (biodiesel). This option can be very useful if such an energy source is available to you.

Some homeowners who are looking for a heating boiler believe that they can burn their car waste in a diesel boiler. This is the wrong approach, and here are the reasons why:

1. Not every burner device works on contaminated oils.
2. The calorific value of liquid fuel is much higher than that of used oils. Accordingly, the areas of heat exchange surfaces are calculated for liquid fuel; during combustion, the efficiency will be much lower.
3. Mining during combustion releases significantly more soot deposited in the entire smoke path. This can be a big problem when maintaining and cleaning fire tubes.

By their design, liquid fuel boilers are very similar to heat generators running on natural gas. Accordingly, many manufacturers offer universal hot water installations with alternate use of liquid and gaseous fuels. The transition from one type of fuel to another is carried out by replacing the burner. True, a universal boiler that runs on liquid fuel and main gas will cost you a little more.

If the area of ​​the heated room or building is less than 200 m2, and in the near future you expect to be connected to the gas pipeline, then you should not rush to purchase a universal heater.

The fact is that the cost of a boiler block and two burners may be higher than two separate full-fledged units. Therefore, at first you can put the boiler on diesel fuel, and after connecting to the main line, buy and install a gas heat generator. More detailed information You can find out by watching the video:

Condensation household boilers on diesel fuel - the most economical and efficient representatives of this family of heat sources. Manufacturers declare the efficiency of their condensing units at 97%, which is the highest among all other heaters. As usual, their cost is quite high and not every owner can afford to include such a high-tech product in the heating system.

It is very good if you have access to such a secondary resource as used car oil in sufficient quantities. Then, specifically for this purpose, there is a waste oil boiler, the product is manufactured and offered on the market by many manufacturers. Also, similar boilers for heating have been well mastered by various craftsmen who make home-made heaters.

Device and principle of operation

As mentioned above, liquid fuel heating boilers are structurally similar to two-way and three-way gas boilers. By virtue of their design, the products are produced in the floor version.

For reference. In boiler plants with a fire-tube heat exchanger, the combustion products can change direction several times, making several passes through the flame tubes and intensely transferring heat to the water jacket. According to the number of moves, the heat exchanger is assigned a characteristic - three-way or two-way.

The similarity lies in the design of the heat exchanger from the flame tubes enclosed in a water jacket. In the very center there is a chamber for burning fuel, only for a diesel unit it has a cylindrical shape. This is due to the design features of the burner device using liquid fuel. The main elements and details are shown in the figure.

installation of a Viessmann oil-fired boiler

A - outer heat-insulating shell; B - heat exchange surfaces of flame tubes; C - combustion chamber; D - electronic control unit; E - burner mouth swarming.

In the products of leading foreign manufacturers, the firebox is made of heat-resistant stainless steel, budget domestic heat generators can also be made of ordinary thick metal. The material of the heat exchanger is cast iron or steel; basalt fiber or dense polyurethane foam is used for thermal insulation. A burner that runs on liquid fuel and is of particular interest, its design with a breakdown of the elements is shown below.

Diesel burner drawing

A - air control throttle; D - block of the ignition system with a flame control sensor; E - fuel line; F - fan motor; G - pump; K, H - supply and return pipelines for fuel; I – electromagnetic valve; L - fault signal reset button; M - automatic heating control; N - console; O - ignition cable; P - electrodes of the ignition system; R - cylindrical working part; S - mixing device; T - nozzle; U - rod with fuel heater; V - air intake device; W - burner body; X - air channel; Y - fan impeller.

The working part is made in the form of a cylinder with many holes through which the flame passes. When the combustion of fuel occurs, the flame of the burner heats the cylindrical walls of the furnace, as shown in the photo.

Diesel burner operation

A special container is intended for fuel, it can be free-standing or suspended from the wall, a supply line is laid from it to the burner. Some burners have a return fuel line to relieve pressure, then the installation of the boiler and its connection are provided by two pipes - supply and return, going into the fuel tank. Ignition is performed automatically at the command of the control unit.

Brief description of the work process

The combustion of diesel fuel has its own characteristics, as well as the principle of operation of a heating boiler for liquid fuel. To begin with, the fuel needs to be heated to a certain temperature, usually 50 ºС. For this purpose, the burner is equipped with a heating element. When the fuel pump has created pressure in the line, the control unit turns on the heater and ensures that the temperature of the diesel fuel in the tubes remains 50 ºС.

After warming up, the controller turns on the fan and, using the solenoid valve, opens the fuel supply to the nozzle. The latter sprays it, and the fan supplies air, at the same moment a spark jumps on the ignition electrodes and the air-fuel mixture ignites. Further, the burner switches to the normal mode of operation of the diesel boiler. The intensity of combustion is controlled by an air supply throttle connected to the fuel pump. When the heating system warms up or the fuel tank is empty, the controller turns off the burner and, if necessary, restarts it.

Many homeowners are interested in the question, how much does a diesel fuel boiler consume fuel in operating mode? The answer depends on many factors such as climatic conditions, the degree of insulation of the building, the quality of diesel fuel and so on.

Based on various practical observations, it can be said that for heating a house with an area of ​​150 m2 in the coldest time and operating the burner at full power, the mass fuel consumption of a diesel boiler will be about 2.5 kg / h. In the average mode, this figure can decrease by 20-30%.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of a diesel fuel boiler is that its use is possible in the absence of all energy carriers. The exception is electricity, it is still needed a little, approximately up to 100 W / h. Other advantages of oil fired boilers are:

1. High efficiency index, the efficiency of the units lies in the range of 90-97%.
2. The absence of inertia during shutdown, which will protect the coolant from overheating.
3. A high level of automation (in foreign units), thanks to which it is possible to organize weather-dependent regulation of home heating.
4. Possibility of switching to natural gas by replacing the burner.
5. Small overall dimensions allow to put a heater in the small room.

As usual, in any business is not without flaws. In this case, the main disadvantage is the high cost. Expensive equipment, fuel and maintenance. The latter should be carried out quite rarely, manufacturers say, but in fact, our diesel fuel is no different good quality, and therefore there is a prospect of often fiddling with the burner. This also includes the cleaning of smoke pipes from soot, which inevitably occurs during the combustion of low-quality diesel.

Conclusion

Liquid fuel boilers for heating a private house, as a rule, are purchased for two reasons: often this is a forced and temporary step, made due to the lack of other energy sources. The second case is when there is access to cheap fuel, because its cost is the main obstacle to the popularity of this family of boilers.

Liquid fuel for boilers: quality standards and storage conditions

For liquid fuel boilers, Luch Tepla recommends using two types of combustible materials that maintain optimal combustion, but at the same time do not harm heating devices. These are diesel fuel and fuel oil of light grades. They are easy to store and transport, do not contain a lot of ash and sulfur, and also have a low degree of viscosity, which guarantees ease of combustion.

Quality standards

According to foreign standards, all fuel for boilers is divided into two categories:

1. furnace ( distillate);
2. residual (fuel oil).

The first is produced by catalytic and thermal cracking of petroleum products and coking of residual fuel. About 60 percent of it is used to heat various buildings with autonomous systems heating. In the USA it is also called nozzle, in France - light, in the UK - household. However, calling heating oil diesel is incorrect. The fact is that in terms of severity it exceeds diesel fuel several times (in terms of fractional composition). But both are suitable for heat supply.

Based on GOST 305/82, diesel fuel is divided into:

• A (arctic);
• Z (winter);
• L (summer).

In addition, the sulfur content is taken into account. All this information is displayed in the brand designation. In addition, the pour point and flash point are also important. For example, summer fuel is marked as L / 0.2 / 40, where the first digit is the volume of sulfur, the second is the ignition temperature. And the coding Z / 0.2 / 35 indicates that this is an earthly fuel with a sulfur content of 0.2 percent and a freezing point of minus 35 degrees. The most frost-resistant is the Arctic brand of diesel fuel. It is designated as A / 0.4 / 50. The basic difference between all the indicated brands of fuel for liquid fuel boilers is low viscosity. Even at plus 20 degrees, it reaches from 3 to 6 cSt.

As for the presence of sulfur, last years the foreign market prefers boiler fuel with a content of this substance in the range of 0.005 percent by weight. It costs more, but is much better in terms of completeness and cleanliness of combustion. In addition, it is also ideal for condensing boilers, as there is no longer any need to neutralize the condensate. As a result, such diesel fuel endows boiler equipment with such important qualities as:

• harmlessness of emissions into the environment;
• reducing the cost of service maintenance of the heating device and the system as a whole;
• fuel economy.

Storage conditions

Liquid fuel oil is stored under special conditions. This is due to the high degree of combustibility of the material and its unsafety for the environment. Therefore, it is placed in plastic or steel containers. Moreover, the former are preferable to the latter, since metal tanks are subject to corrosion both from the outside and from the inside.

While plastic ones are made from special high-strength polyethylene and can hold from 500 to 5,000 liters of fuel. They are interconnected by a special mount (fixed packages) and form batteries that have a direct supply to the heating boiler. However, the total volume of such storage should be within 25,000 liters, no more.

In addition, there are two types of tanks:

1. single-walled;
2. double-walled.

Tanks made of plastic with one wall are oriented to ground installation. They are located in such a way that in the event of a sudden leak, all fuel is securely contained and does not spread. Therefore, preference is given to rooms with a sealed lower part of the walls and impervious floors. It is also allowed to use special pallets. Their total volume must correspond to the volume of the tanks.

Tanks made of plastic with two walls do not have such requirements. They are simply equipped with diesel fuel leakage control devices, which are mounted between the outer and inner shells. Double-walled tanks are designed for underground placement and storage of fuel in very large volumes - over 1,000 liters per tank.

With all this, the tanks must comply with a number of characteristics and be:

• durable, but at the same time easily adaptable to specific conditions (unobstructed pass through any doorways);
• resistant to temperature, chemical, mechanical, ultraviolet and other influences;
• equipped with various strapping elements.

When placed in a domestic environment, boiler fuel tanks cannot be located near air ducts, chimneys, chimneys, or above furnace appliances. Also, they cannot be mounted in places of passage and aisle, on attics and roofs of offices, hospitals, individual housing construction, on stairwells (with the exception of combined housing of 2 apartments). Most best option- specially equipped cabinets, non-residential premises, boiler rooms, outbuildings, closed warehouses.

Efficient and economical liquid fuel heating boilers make it possible to achieve complete autonomy from a centralized gas pipeline. Reflecting on the installation of the unit, it is necessary to understand its device, the principle of operation and the features of operation.

The choice of a boiler should be based on a comparative assessment of the characteristics and functionality of different models. An important factor is the reputation of the manufacturer.

In this material, we will talk about the varieties of liquid fuel models of heating boilers, their advantages and disadvantages, and also consider several popular devices from well-known brands.

Liquid fuel boilers, despite the ability to efficiently heat a building and technical excellence, are not as common as gas or solid fuel heat generators.

Equipment that runs on diesel fuel or mining is very popular in Western Europe.

Among the significant advantages of a liquid fuel heating boiler are:

1. High work efficiency. The efficiency of most models reaches 95%. Fuel is consumed practically without loss.
2. Great power. The performance of the units allows you to heat both compact living quarters and spacious production workshops.
3. High level of work automation. Boiler long time functions without human intervention.
4. Autonomy from energy sources. Except for electricity. If necessary, you can get by with a generator.
5. Possibility of transition to gas fuel.

There are additional advantages of such equipment. The installation of the boiler does not require approval and obtaining permission. In addition, the absence of a gas pipeline greatly facilitates installation work.

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When supplied from outside, the air is supplied through or through a separate channel. To improve efficiency, the smoke channels are equipped with steel plates - the exhaust gases form turbulent flows that reduce their speed. Traction is maintained.

Instrument control unit

Automation is designed to maintain the set temperature. Auxiliary functions reduce the cost of boiler operation. From a technical point of view, weather-dependent units are considered the most advanced, which change the heating temperature of the coolant based on the readings of external sensors.

Boiler body

All elements of the system are enclosed in a durable heat-insulating case. This "shell" reduces heat loss and increases the efficiency of the boiler.

Outside, the case is pasted over with a layer of heat-insulating film, which remains cold when heated and protects the operator from burns.

How is the space heated?

The whole process of generating heat in a liquid fuel boiler and transferring heat energy to heating radiators can be divided into several stages.

Stage 1. Diesel fuel or other fuel is poured into the storage. The fuel pump supplies liquid to the burner - pressure is created in the pipeline. At the same time, the fuel pump, using sensors, determines the quality of the fuel and the percentage of its thickening.

Stage 2. Diesel fuel enters the preparation chamber. Here the fuel is mixed with air, the mixture is heated and diluted.

Stage 3. The fuel-air composition is supplied to the nozzle. Under the action of the fan, the mixture is sprayed and the fuel mist is ignited in the combustion chamber.

Stage 4. The chamber walls are heating up. Due to this, the heat exchanger is heated and. The latter enters and circulates in the heating system.

Stage 5. When combustible substances are burned, gases are formed that are discharged through the chimney. Rushing outward, the smoke passes through a series of heat exchange plates and also gives off its heat.

When fuel is burned, soot is formed. To maintain the efficiency of the boiler at the proper level, the walls of the combustion chamber must be periodically cleaned

Varieties of liquid fuel models

All oil-fired boilers can be classified according to the following criteria: scope, functionality, type of adjustment, material of manufacture, type of fuel used and method of installation.

By scope

The main indicator that determines whether a boiler plant belongs to one of the types is power. Household models are produced with power from 6 to 230 kW. This is enough to heat small houses with an area of ​​​​50 square meters. m and large country cottages of 2200 sq. m.

The performance indicator determines the fuel consumption in a liquid fuel heating boiler - it takes about 1 kg of diesel fuel per hour to produce 10 kW of heat. Household units are designed for the maximum allowable operating pressure - 4-6 bar.

The power of industrial liquid fuel boilers ranges from 500 to 12000 kW. Heavy-duty models work to heat buildings with an area of ​​​​more than 15 thousand square meters. m. Management of industrial heating units is fully automated.

Industrial boiler equipment is divided into hot water and steam boilers. The former heat water under pressure, while the latter generate superheated or saturated steam.

High-power heat generators are used in block-modular boiler houses - autonomous stations for the generation of steam and heat. Steam generators are in demand in the food, furniture industry, wood processing, oil production and feed production

By functionality

Single-circuit boilers are designed exclusively for space heating. They are connected to radiators, and the coolant circulates through a closed heating system. Such a unit does not heat water for domestic consumption - this must be taken care of separately by installing a boiler.

Double-circuit models are more functional. Boilers provide heating of the house and supply of warm water to different points of water intake (shower, washbasin, etc.). The design of the equipment provides for an additional heat exchanger to provide hot water.