Our planet has been inhabited for millions of years a large number of a variety of fish. Their habitat became numerous lakes, rivers, seas and oceans. Both river and Marine life Since ancient times, the underwater kingdom has served as a source of food for people, rich in a huge amount of useful substances, such as a variety of amino acids, protein and various vitamins. Fish farming products are widely used in the manufacture medicines and nutrient fertilizers for Agriculture, and also as raw materials in light industry.

Features of river inhabitants

We all know that fishing on rivers is an exciting and varied activity. Therefore, any fisherman, before starting to equip fishing gear, must accurately answer the question of what kind of fish are found in the river. And, of course, every amateur fisherman should know physiological characteristics hunting object:

Depending on the nature of the food taken, river fish can be classified as:

• predatory;
• herbivores;
• omnivores.

River predators

Predatory individuals feed on other fish, some can eat animals or birds. Largemouth species swallow so much prey at one time that it is enough for several days of active life, but smallmouth fish need to hunt constantly, since their prey is small.

The most common predatory river fish in Russian waters. The maximum dimensions of pike reach up to 1.5 m with a weight of up to 30-35 kg, but specimens are known weighing up to 60 kg and longer than human height. The average life expectancy is up to 25 years, although there are individuals with a maximum age of 35 years.

The fish is very strong, tireless and agile thanks to its slippery cylindrical body. It is shaped like an underwater torpedo with a long, flattened head and a huge mouth filled with many sharp teeth.

Pike is so predatory that sometimes it even attacks its own relatives. True, it prefers carp fish for food: crucian carp, bleak, roach, rudd. But he treats spiny species (perch, ruff) with great caution; even if he catches such a fish, he does not immediately swallow it, but holds it in his mouth until it stops moving. During a hunt he misses very rarely, but when unsuccessful attempts returns to ambush and awaits other prey.

The spotted body color of the pike allows it to camouflage perfectly among the vegetation of the reservoir. In rivers it lives in places that are not very deep, with weak currents and grassy banks.

Pike meat contains little fat and is therefore considered dietary. It contains a lot of protein, which is easily absorbed by the human body.

spiny perch

This predatory fish, like pike, is widespread in the reservoirs of Russia and almost all European countries. It has a laterally compressed body, which has a peculiar hump with dark stripes. The tail fin and eyes are highlighted with an orange tint. The color of the perch depends entirely on the transparency of the water. Individuals living in a dark environment with a muddy bottom have a more saturated color than fish living in light water.

The fish is quite large in size; there is evidence that perch can reach a weight of up to five kilograms and a length of up to half a meter. The average life expectancy is about 17 years.

In terms of extraordinary gluttony and predatory greed, it is not inferior to the pike. Having swallowed one fish, it can immediately continue hunting for another. There are cases when a caught perch had several fry in its stomach. It feeds on any fish that is suitable in size, and is active both in summer and in winter. winter period.

Prefers to stay at depth, but not at the very bottom. During a hunt, it easily lunges at prey located in the upper layers of the reservoir.

The largest predator is catfish

This is the largest fish living in rivers. Its body length can reach five meters, and its weight can be over 300 kg. According to scientists, such specimens are 80-100 years old. In most cases, the color is brown with a brownish-green tint, and the belly is white. The color change can be almost light yellow depending on where it lives.

Catfish are considered an active nocturnal predator, which during the day prefers to lie down in snags or holes.

The diet of this large predator is very varied. Easily eats frogs, shellfish or large fish. Sometimes geese, ducks, water rats and other animals and birds can end up in the mouth of a catfish.

The meat of this inhabitant of the river depths contains some bones and fat. It is very nutritious and beneficial for the human body.

A predator reaching a length of up to one meter and a weight of up to 10 kg. Pike perch can be found in the clear water of large rivers and lakes. Life expectancy is up to 15 years. It is a relative of the perch and has the same vertical stripes on both sides.

An adult tries to stay near stones at depth or in holes, but young animals, on the contrary, prefer shallow sections of rivers. At the beginning of life, the fry primarily feed on zooplankton, insect larvae and small fish from other fish.

Pike perch actively hunts for prey, while trying to avoid areas with thickets where it itself can become food for pike. However, his location is very unstable. Where pike perch was caught well the day before, you may not find it the next day.

Among freshwater fish burbot is the only representative of the cod family. It is sharply distinguished from other fish by its unique body shape. The body is strongly elongated and compressed on the sides, especially in the tail. The head is flattened, similar to a catfish. The back is grayish-green in color and has dark stripes and spots, but the belly is whitish.

Burbot is an insatiable and extremely greedy predator whose diet includes insect larvae, frogs, mollusks and small fish. Sometimes, when an adult is opened, a large number of small perches, minnows or ruffs are found in the stomach. Despite its sluggish and lazy appearance, it swims deftly and quickly. At the same time, it is especially active in winter, when other fish are more sleepy and motionless.

Burbot can reach a length of up to one meter and a weight of up to five kilograms, although there are also specimens weighing up to 24 kg. Life expectancy is quite high - up to 22 years.

There are also smaller predatory fish, such as:

1. Bersh is very similar to pike perch, however, it reaches a size of up to 50 cm.
2. Chop - found less frequently, in the Danube or Dnieper rivers.
3. Ruff is a widespread fish, often called thorn by fishermen, because it has sharp, spiny fins.

Herbivorous fish

This type includes fish that spend most of their time searching for plant food and various river plankton. Various types of algae grow in reservoirs and rivers, especially in warm summers, which are an excellent haven for various mollusks and crustaceans. They are the perfect treat for herbivorous fish.

Common fish - crucian carp

It is the most common fish in almost all reservoirs and rivers of Russia. The fish is quite unpretentious; it prefers shallow sections of the river, warmed by the rays of the sun and overgrown with vegetation of all kinds. Weakly responds to lack of oxygen and water quality in its habitat. In the winter season, crucian carp is capable of freezing into ice and not even dying.

It belongs to the family of carp fish, appearance very similar to carp, but does not have antennae. Weighs approximately 0.5 kg. It feeds mainly on zooplankton, various aquatic plants, worms and larvae.

There are silver and gold carp. It is most active in the warm season.

Carp and its species

It belongs to the family of carp fish and is the most desired prey for fishermen in central Russia. There are individuals of quite large size, weighing up to 10 kg. According to scientists, life expectancy can reach 100 years.

There are the following types of carp:

1. mirror;
2. scaly;
3. naked;
4. frame carp and others.

All these representatives differ from each other in the shape of the body, the type of scales and habits. It can feed on bread crumbs, undercooked potatoes or cake.

The fish is very strong, so experienced fishermen often fish for it, using reliable and powerful gear.

Main types of carp

Bream and its use in cooking

This schooling, inconspicuous fish often lives in places with calm currents and muddy bottoms. Life expectancy is up to 20 years, but bream growth is very slow. Only by the age of ten is he able to gain weight up to 4 kg.

It feeds mainly on crustaceans, mollusks, insect larvae, worms and algae. The coloring of bream is predominantly dark silver. Spawns at water temperatures of 13 degrees.

The meat of this fish is characterized by excellent taste. It is consumed boiled, salted, fried, dried or smoked.

Small representative - roach

This fish is found in almost all rivers and lakes. It leads a gregarious lifestyle and prefers to hide from predators in quiet sections of rivers overgrown with grass and algae.

In appearance it is very similar to the rudd. The color of the body depends on the composition of the water in its habitat. The fish is small in size (15-20 cm), but there were also specimens up to half a meter in length and weighing up to two kilograms.

Roach spawns at a temperature of plus ten degrees, and after this period it is especially active. The best time The best time to catch this fish is early morning or late evening.

Of course, within one article, it is very difficult to describe all representatives water world. There are also a huge number of species of river fish:

1. The rudd is a beautiful fish that looks like a roach.
2. The silver bream is a distant relative of the bream, silver in color with reddish fins.
3. Carp is considered a freshwater fish, but is also found in the Caspian Sea basin.
4. Tench is a royal fish with excellent taste characteristics.
5. Chub is a freshwater fish that is found exclusively in rivers with fast currents.
6. Bleak is a ubiquitous fish, known to almost every angler.

Other types of river fish

Unfortunately, many river systems are negatively affected by the unfavorable environmental situation, which is caused by various emissions from industrial enterprises and factories. Victims of such a person’s attitude towards environment become the inhabitants of many rivers and reservoirs.

Our planet has been inhabited by many different animals for millions of years. Among them, a special type stands out - fish. They filled rivers, lakes, seas and oceans. These animals play a large role in the natural food chain, as well as in the human environment. Both sea and river fish serve as a source of food for people, medicines and fertilizers for agriculture, as well as raw materials for light industry. What are these inhabitants of the rivers of our country, how do they survive and what do they eat? This issue deserves due attention, because all living organisms on Earth are necessary parts of nature.

Fishes of Russian rivers

The most common fish that live in Russian rivers are beluga, pike, burbot, catfish, sturgeon, stickleback, crucian carp, salmon, carp, perch, carp, rudd. And this is not a complete list of them. The fastest river fish include salmon, dace, podust, asp and sabrefish, and the most nimble include rudd, bream, roach, bream, tench and crucian carp. These aquatic vertebrates are divided into predatory and peaceful inhabitants. What river fish eat directly depends on this division. The former feed on smaller representatives of this class, while the latter spend most of their time searching for plankton and plant food. In the reservoirs of Russia, especially in the summer, various algae grow rapidly, which are a haven for crustaceans and mollusks. And this is not just food, but a kind of delicacy for fish. Predators (for example, pike, pike perch, perch), in turn, feed on smaller fish.

The largest representatives of river fish

Nowadays, any river fish whose length is more than 1.80 meters and weighs at least 90 kg is considered a large specimen. The record holders for size are several species of these aquatic vertebrates. One of them is the beluga. Its weight reaches 1400 kg, and its length is about five meters. Beluga and pike keep up with the size. Its largest representatives are found in the northern rivers of Russia.

The European (common) catfish weighs about 350 kg and is up to 4.5 meters long. He lives in almost all big rivers both Russia and the CIS. The catfish is unusual in that its body consists of a huge head and a huge tail.

The most valuable freshwater fish

River fish Russia has its most valuable specimens. The most expensive of them is the Russian beluga. For example, a female caught in the Tikhaya Sosna River, weighing 1227 kg, produced 240 kg of very high-quality caviar. Its value today is about two hundred thousand dollars.

The second most expensive is carp. It belongs to the category of especially valuable commercial fish. For example, in the seventies in the Volga River delta, the catch of carp was at least ten thousand tons per year.

Fishes of the rivers of Primorye

Russia has a vast territory, the reservoirs of which are home to many different species of fish. Thus, considering the inhabitants of fresh water bodies of the Primorsky Territory, one can count about one hundred and fifty of their varieties. Some, such as Sakhalin taimen, are even listed in the Red Book. Other river fish of Primorye can boast of the most unusual names - for example, snake-catcher, horse-guar, yellow-cheeked and topgazer. In addition to the fish mentioned above, the local fresh waters are inhabited by Amur pike, catfish, crucian carp, carp, salmon, lenok, counj and grayling. One of the most unpretentious and widespread fish of the Primorsky Territory is the rudd. And although many locals consider it too bony, its taste is excellent. There are two types of rudd: small-scaled and large-scaled. Typically this fish grows up to half a meter in length and weighs up to one and a half kilograms.

Fishing in the Moscow region

For those who like fishing, the Moscow region has remained a favorite place for a relaxing holiday for many years. Amazing nature, quiet evenings, fresh air and plenty of fish in the reservoirs - everything you need for Russian fishing. The rivers Pakhra, Severka, Ruza, Istra, Nerskaya, Protva, Nara, Besputa, Dubna, Sestra and others hide in their waters various popular and tasty fish. This includes perch, and carp, and crucian carp, and roach, and pike, and gudgeon, and bream, and chub, and bream, and asp, and bleak. River fish in the Moscow region are caught using fishing rods, spinning rods, fly fishing rods, boats and bales.

Pike - the queen of Russian rivers

Speaking about the fish that are found in Russia, one cannot fail to mention the heroine of Russian fairy tales - the pike. It lives not only in the reservoirs of our country, but also in the rivers of European countries, as well as Asia and the United States of America. The size of pikes is determined by the food supply: the larger the average size of fish in the river, the larger the pike can grow. It is rightfully considered one of the most predatory freshwater fish. Her appearance fully demonstrates this: a long flattened head with a huge mouth and a large number of sharp teeth looks terrifying. Many river fish have become prey for this agile predator. The color of pikes is mainly gray-green, with speckles. Thanks to their slippery cylindrical body, they move quickly and swiftly. Pike feed mainly on smaller fish (roach, perch and others), but there are often cases of eating individuals of their own species. In addition, the diet of these predators includes amphibians, reptiles, and large insects, and various garbage, and small mammals, and even waterfowl chicks.

Rare and endangered fish

Today, on the territory of Russia, many river fish need human participation and care, the list of which is growing every year. These include Azov beluga, sterlet, Volga herring, Volkhov whitefish, black carp, Baikal white grayling, Baikal sturgeon, common sculpin, Kamchatka salmon and others. All these fish are on the verge of extinction. Take the Volkhov whitefish, which earlier, before the construction of the Volkhov hydroelectric power station (1925), played a big role in the fishery and was found in huge quantities in the Volkhov, Syaz, and Svir rivers.

The catch of Baikal sturgeon in the nineteenth century reached three thousand centners, and in the nineties of the twentieth century it decreased to two hundred centners. Today, most often these river fish are found in Lake Baikal and the rivers flowing into it - Angara, Kitoye, Belaya, Selenga, Barguzin and Khamar-Daban. A similar fate befell the Baikal white grayling, which was also previously widespread in these waters.

Another endangered species is black carp. Due to a sharp decrease in the number of this fish in the seventies of the last century, a ban on its fishing was established. Today, black carp is found in Lake Khanka, as well as in the Amur and Ussuri rivers.

Impact of the environmental situation

Unfortunately, today the environmental situation is affecting many river systems. Quite often there are cases of river pollution by emissions from factories and industrial enterprises, storm water, which contain various hazardous chemical substances. Under such circumstances, river fish, crayfish, turtles and other inhabitants not only change their usual way of life, but also become victims of mutations or disappear altogether. And it’s no secret that insufficient attention from human society can lead to an irreparable environmental disaster.

The diversity of river fish has interested people since ancient times. Our ancestors fed their families by fishing. Nowadays, fishing is most often a hobby or recreation. This fact does not negate the benefits of fish products in the diet of children and adults.

List of river fish in Russia quite big. Let's look at its main representatives.

Zander

zander

A schooling predatory fish with valuable meat, which contains the entire list of amino acids. Distinctive feature– camouflage color in the form of dark vertical stripes on the back. Lives at the bottom of clean rivers, in pits. Feeds small fish, frogs, crustaceans. For a fisherman, pike perch is considered a trophy. You can fish with a spinning rod and a float rod using live bait.

Perch

perch

Chub

chub

Lives in cool water of fast rivers. It feeds on larvae, fry, and frogs. Capable of jumping out of the water to catch an insect. It reaches 70-80 cm in length. The body and head are large. - difficult prey, as it is shy and cautious. You can catch them in the spring using dough and May beetle larvae. Summer bait - grasshoppers, dragonflies, flies.

Ide

ide

Outwardly similar to a roach or chub. The scales are silvery and darken with age. Omnivorous. Lives in pools, under a bridge, near a tree lying in the water. Ide gathers in flocks in winter. Tolerates temperature changes well. It is an object of sport fishing.

Asp

asp

Lives in swift waters, under dams and locks. The fish is a predatory fish with an original way of hunting. jumps out of the water and falls on the victim, stunning him. It grabs food with a bony protrusion on the lower jaw and grinds it with pharyngeal teeth. Reaches a size of 120 cm. The body is wide, laterally compressed, with a powerful back. The scales are light silver in color. A valuable trophy for a fisherman.

Chekhon

saberfish

A schooling, usually small fish. Lives in clean water. Feeds on insects. The bait is actively biting. Bait can be maggots, silicone bait, grasshoppers. Taste qualities are valued. Before cooking, remove the gills.

Podust

Podust

Lives in rivers with fast currents. It feeds on bottom algae and larvae. May eat eggs. Prefers cool water. Fishing is good in summer.

Bleak

bleak

A schooling fish that lives in surface waters. The omnivorous bleak is often caught in the bait in summer and late winter. Distributed everywhere.

Bystryanka

bystryanka

Outwardly it looks like bleak. A distinctive feature is a dotted stripe on the sides of the body. The size of the bystryanka is 10-12 cm. It feeds on algae and zooplankton. Inhabits rivers with fast currents.

Gudgeon

gudgeon

This small fish is found everywhere. Selects places with a sandy bottom. The gudgeon has a cylindrical body with large scales without mucus. Active during the day, goes to the bottom at night. It feeds on small invertebrates, insects, and larvae. In spring they eat the eggs of other fish. They are valuable as bait for catching large predatory fish. It bites well on small worms.

White amur

White amur

Herbivorous large fish, reaches 1.2 m. Cupid scales are large, with a black rim. Loves warm water. Fishing lasts from May to October. Fishing takes place in the coastal area overgrown with reeds. Bait can be semolina, dough, peas, potatoes. is a commercial fish, its meat is white, dense, fatty.

Silver carp

silver carp

A large fish that lives in rivers with moderate currents. It lives in warm water and goes into hibernation with the onset of cold weather. feeds on zooplankton. Schooling fish, weight reaches 20 kg. Caught on dough and vegetable baits.

Som

som

A solitary predatory fish. It is distinguished by the absence of scales and the presence of mustaches. lives in the depths, inhabits underwater pits. It feeds on mollusks, frogs, and fish. May eat dead fish. He also eats plant foods. Weighs up to 300 kg. Catfish are active at night, after rain and during fog. It is at this time that fishermen hunt him. They catch it on a boat, using a bunch of worms, mollusks, locusts, frogs, and live bait.

Acne

acne

The river eel lives in places with a gentle current and a clay bottom. Predator, similar to a snake. It feeds on crayfish and worms. Crawls into another body of water on wet grass. It grows up to 47 cm. It lives in the European part of Russia and goes to the Sargasso Sea to spawn. After spawning the fish dies. Eels are caught with float and bottom fishing rods using live bait. The bait is thrown in the evening and checked in the morning. The meat is nutritious, smoked eel is considered a delicacy.

Burbot

burbot

Industrial bottom fish, lives under snags. It feeds on mollusks, small fish, and frogs. Grows up to 1 m. Spawning and active fishing occur in winter. They fish with float rods. Bait – pieces of fish, worms, bird giblets.

Loach

loach

A small fish with a thin elongated body and a yellow back. Length up to 30 cm. Lives in quiet areas of the river. In a dangerous situation, it buries itself in the mud. During drought, it looks for another body of water, crawls across land, and at this time it is caught in puddles. While being caught, the loach squeaks. It feeds on larvae and eggs of other fish. Moreover, a school of loaches can cause significant harm to the population of carp, crucian carp or tench. Due to its repulsive appearance, it is rarely eaten, although its meat is tender, fatty and tench-like.

Char

loach

A member of the salmon family. The back is brown, the body has small spots. There are no scales. The meat does not shrink in volume during heat treatment and contains Omega-3 fatty acids. It feeds on larvae and fish eggs. You can catch it with bloodworms.

Lamprey

lamprey

Found in the Kuban and Don basins. Lives in a clean running water, lives on a sandy bottom. The larval period of the lamprey lasts 5-6 years. The larvae feed on plankton and small invertebrates and grow to 17-23 cm. Adult lampreys do not feed. The adult state lasts about a year, then the lamprey spawns and dies. The fish is listed in the Red Book.

Snakehead

snakehead

A predatory river inhabitant weighing up to 30 kg. Outwardly similar to a snake, it fiercely guards its territory. Defeats an enemy of any size. In a reservoir it destroys fish and looks for another one rich in food. While searching for another body of water, it is able to breathe air for up to 5 days. To fish, you need a boat without a motor and a strong fishing rod. The bait is a fish from the same reservoir. Snakehead meat is tasty and suitable for cooking

Sterlet

sterlet

Valuable fish Lives at depth in fast rivers. It feeds on larvae, small crustaceans, mollusks, and small fish. The fish is dark gray-brown in color. Characteristic– narrow long nose. Instead of scales, there are five rows of bone growths on the body. The sterlet is classified as an endangered species. The regions have approved rules for catching it. Fishing without a license is prohibited.

Brook trout

trout

Lives in fast cold waters, enriched with oxygen. The body is thin, elongated. The scales are small and dense. Coloring from brown to yellow. The head is black with golden gill covers. The body is covered with spots. The meat is white or pinkish. It feeds on crustaceans, tadpoles, and larvae. Eats caviar, even its own relatives. They catch it by wading or from a boat.

European grayling

grayling

An agile fish with a remarkable appearance. There are bright yellow spots on the dorsal fin of grayling. Lives in northern Russia in fast waters. You can catch it with any bait. Fishing is permitted only with a license. Sport fishing object. Grayling meat is prized, it is soft and tasty.

The list of Russian fish can be continued. River fish have common features– this is an elongated body, which is an element of adaptation to life in water of a certain density. Their appearance and habits are varied and depend on the habitat, type of food and other factors.

Pike perch is a relative of perch, which lives only in clean water, provided with oxygen for its life and activity. There are no phosphates or other impurities in this fish. The height of pike perch is 35 cm. Its maximum weight is 20 kg.

Pike perch meat is light and lean, but very pleasant to the taste. It is saturated with phosphorus, chromium, sulfur, potassium, fluorine, cobalt, iodine and vitamin P. In terms of composition, this fish is quite healthy.

Bersh

Bersch also belongs to the perch family. Its height is 45 cm. The largest fish weight is 1.4 kg. This species lives in rivers that flow into the Black and Caspian seas.

Bersch doesn't eat very well big fish, mainly minnows. The meat is like pike perch, but a little softer.

How to catch more fish?

I have been active fishing for quite some time and have found many ways to improve the bite. But it was and remains the most effective.

It attracts fish in cold and warm water with the help of pheromones included in the composition and stimulates their appetite. Suitable for both summer and winter fishing.

Perch

Perch lives in rivers, lakes, and ponds that only have clean water. That is, we can say that this fish is not picky and is found almost everywhere where it is clean.

To catch perch, you need to use only certain thin gear. Thanks to this, catching it is quite interesting and entertaining.

Ruff

In appearance, the ruff looks like a monster. It has such spiny fins to protect itself from predatory fish like pike. This fish is found in ponds and rivers, but changes color depending on its habitat. Height is 13 cm and weight is approximately 400 g.

Such growth of the ruffe depends on the excess of crayfish, insects and larvae on which they feed. This type of fish is common in many European countries. It is found mainly in rivers, lakes, seashores and ponds.

Spawns from two days to several weeks. This fish does not like sunlight, so it can be found at a depth of at least two meters.

Chop

This fish is extremely rare in our area, so few people know about it. The fish belongs to the perch family. It has an elongated spindle-shaped body, decorated with a protruding snout.

This fish is small in size, that is, its length is less than 1 foot. The main place of residence of the chop is the Danube River with its adjacent tributaries.

The chop feeds on worms, mollusks, and small-sized fish. Caviar that has a bright yellow, has been throwing since the end of April.

Pike

Pike belongs to the pike family. It has become widespread in fresh water bodies of the Eurasian and North American continents. We can say that this fish is distributed almost all over the world only in water that is saturated with oxygen.

When the amount of oxygen decreases, it dies. Height is 1.5 m, weight ranges between 35 kg. The body and head of the pike have an elongated shape. It can spawn only at temperatures from three to six degrees. Pike is a predatory fish.

It feeds mainly on low-value fish. Lives everywhere. The meat contains little fat and is dietary. They live no more than 25 years. In cooking, this type of fish is used raw, boiled, fried and stewed.

Roach

The roach has become widespread in Russian Federation.

It lives in rivers, ponds and lakes.

The color of a fish depends on the composition of the water in which it lives.

It looks like a rudd.

Roaches feed mainly on algae, fry of various small fish and various midge larvae.

With the onset of winter, they go to spend the winter.

It begins to spawn later than pike, somewhere right at the end of spring, and before spawning it becomes covered with small white spots.

Roach caviar is very soft, transparent and has a green tint.

Bream

Bream is a dull fish, but has a delicious taste. Prefers to live in calm water with slow currents.

Their lifespan is 20 years, however they grow slowly. For example, a bream that lives 10 years weighs only three or four kilograms.

The fish has a silvery-dark color. Life expectancy is seven to eight years. The length varies within 41 cm, and the weight reaches 800 g. It begins to spawn in the spring.

It feeds on aquatic plankton, invertebrate larvae and crayfish mollusks. It lives mainly in the Black and Caspian Seas. In cooking it is used in different types: fried, boiled, salted, smoked and dried.

Gustera

The silver bream is a sedentary fish.

The color is bluish-gray. The lifespan of fish is no more than 15 years.

The length is 35 cm and the weight is 1.2 kg. These fish do not grow quickly. They live in calm waters.

Spring and autumn for the silver bream are the period of formation of numerous flocks and dense aggregations.

This is where the name of the fish comes from.

It feeds mainly on insect larvae and small fish mollusks.

The silver bream usually spawns at night, at the end of May or at the beginning of June at a water temperature of 15 to 17 ° C with a duration of 1 to 1.5 months.

The fish has become widespread in European countries. The meat has a lot of bones and is tasteless.

Carp

Carp has a dark yellow-golden color. The lifespan of a fish is 30 years, but it stops growing at 7 or 8 years. Weight is from 1 to 3 kg, and height is 100 cm.

Carp is a freshwater fish, but is also found in the Caspian Sea. In the summer it feeds on young shoots of reeds and other aquatic plants, as well as young eggs of spawning fish, and in the fall it begins to eat various small insects and invertebrates.

Carp

Carp belongs to the carp family. Has a mustache. The fish feed on undercooked potatoes, bread crumbs and cake. In winter, carps hibernate. They are very insatiable and gluttonous.

Life expectancy is about 100 years. The fish has yellow-green th and Brown color. Lives in rivers, reservoirs, rates, lakes that have a bottom filled with silt.

Fish spawns at water temperatures from 18 to 20 degrees in the morning. Weight is about 9 kg. In China it is considered a food fish, and in Japan it is considered a decorative food.

crucian carp

Crucian carp is the most famous fish among the people.

Lives in almost all reservoirs and ponds in Russia.

It belongs to the carp family. It resembles a carp, but does not have a mustache.

This fish is hardy and unpretentious to water quality. They react little to a lack of oxygen.

In winter, fish can freeze into ice and not die if the internal liquid does not freeze.

Weighs 0.5 kg.

Spawns at a temperature of at least 14 degrees.

Tench

It lives in rivers and reservoirs overgrown with plants and covered with a carpet of duckweed.

She is considered a strong fish. It is good to catch tench starting in August. In terms of taste, the fish is no worse than carp and pike perch. It also makes good fish soup.

Chub

The chub is a freshwater fish. Belongs to the carp family. Its length is 80 cm and weighs about 8 kg. It uses aerial insects, young crayfish, fish and frogs as food.

Widespread in European countries and Asia Minor. Spawns at water temperatures from 12 to 17 °C. Likes to live in areas with strong currents.

Ide

Ide is widespread in all rivers and reservoirs of European countries. Prefers slow currents and deep places. Doesn't fall into hibernation. Quite a hardy fish. Length ranges from 35 to 63 cm, weight ranges from 2 to 2.8 kg.

Life expectancy reaches 20 years. Feeds on animal and plant foods. Ide spawns in the spring at temperatures from 2 to 13 degrees.

Asp

The asp is the most common species of the carp family.

It has a dark bluish-gray color.

The height of the fish is 120 cm, and the weight ranges between 12 kg.

This species lives in the Black and Caspian Seas.

Likes to swim in fast-moving waters; stagnant places are avoided.

Chekhon

It has a silvery, grayish and yellowish color. The length of the fish is 60 cm and the weight is 2 kg. Life expectancy is 9 years. The fish grows quite quickly.

Lives in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, the sea. Young fish first eat phytoplankton and zooplankton, and in late summer feed on insect larvae. Lives in the Baltic Sea.

Rudd

In appearance, the rudd is similar to a roach, but much more attractive. He is 51 cm tall and weighs 2.1 kg. Life expectancy ranges from 19 years.

Found in rivers that flow into the Caspian, Azov, Black and Aral seas. Fish eat animal and plant microorganisms. They especially love shellfish caviar.

Meat contains many useful minerals such as phosphorus, chromium, vitamin P, proteins and fats.

Podust

Podust has a long body. The lifespan of fish is 10 years. The length reaches 40 cm and the weight is 1.6 kg. Loves fast-flowing rivers.

It feeds on microscopic algae that lie at the bottom of rivers. Spawns in April at temperatures from 6 to 8 degrees. Distributed throughout Europe.

Bleak

Bleak is a fish that is known to every person who has picked up a fishing rod at least once. It belongs to the carp family. The size of the fish ranges from 12 to 15 cm, and the weight reaches about one hundred grams.

It lives in rivers that flow into the Black, Baltic and Azov seas.

Bystryanka

Bystryanka is similar to ordinary bleak. This is a rather small fish and its maximum size was no more than 10 cm. It has a brownish-green color. Weighs about 2 g. Lives about 6 years.

It grows very slowly. It takes zooplankton and algae as food.

Gudgeon

The gudgeon belongs to the carp family.

The body of the fish is spindle-shaped.

The size is 15-22 cm.

It is found in reservoirs.

Spawns in spring.

Accepts larvae and small invertebrates as food

white cupid

Fish "Great Cupid" belongs to the carp family. It accepts as food only aquatic plants that have high growth rates. The fish is 1.2 m tall and weighs 32 kg. This type of fish is distributed throughout the world.

Silver carp

Silver carp feed on microscopic algae in huge sizes. This is an industrial fish that is easy to acclimatize. She weighs 8 kg. Belongs to the carp family. The fish has teeth that are designed to flatten algae.

Silver carp is widespread in the Republic of China and the Central Asian region. The length of the fish reaches 1 m, and the weight is 25 kg. It is an industrial fish. Silver carps love warm water. In rivers, places with fast currents are selected. They spawn in early spring.

Som

Catfish is a large freshwater scaleless fish of the catfish family. Its length reaches 5 m, and its weight is 400 kg. The color is brown. Lives in the Russian Federation and other European countries. Applies to inactive fish.

Channel catfish

Channel catfish are fish belonging to the catfish family. It contains 37 species of fish that live in North America. The fish has a very slender, scaleless body and huge mustache, which is of particular interest.

Fish spawn at a temperature of 28 degrees. Channel catfish are a heat-loving fish, but they can overwinter under ice.

Acne

Eel is a freshwater fish that belongs to the family of river eels. This fish is predatory. Lives in the Baltic, Azov, Black and Barents Seas. It looks like a snake.

It has an elongated cylindrical body and a small head, which is flattened in front. This fish is found in waters with clay bottoms. The eel feeds on a variety of animals that live in mud, crayfish, worms, larvae, and snails.

The length is 47 cm, and the weight can reach 8 kg.

Snakehead

Snakehead fish live in swampy areas. Looks like a snake

Burbot

Burbot belongs to the order of cod-like fish.

It has a long, small and round body.

The color is brown and gray.

But it can change depending on the environment.

This fish spawns in the cold season.

Prefers cold and clean waters.

Burbot is a predator.

Hunts mainly at night.

Feeds on invertebrates and zooplankton. Burbot is an industrial fish.

Loach

The loach fish is one of a small group of fish characterized by a long body that is covered with very small, smooth scales.

In appearance, the loach resembles an eel or a snake. The fish has a long cylindrical body. The length of this fish is 30 cm.

This species is widespread throughout Europe. The fish prefers calm water. It likes to be mostly at the bottom, and comes to the surface only during a thunderstorm or during rains.

Char

Red char fish is a relative of the salmon breed. There are many types of this fish. A characteristic property of the loach is that it has the ability to change its color, which depends on the habitat and the number of years.

These fish have no scales. It is small in size. In cooking, char does not shrink in size when exposed to high temperatures.

Fish is rich in omega-3, that is, fatty acids that help the body perform protective functions to fight inflammation.

Hungarian lamprey

Lives mainly in the river. This fish is widespread in Transcarpathia in Ukraine. The Hungarian lamprey lives in shallow areas of rivers with a clay bottom.

Ukrainian lamprey

Ukrainian lamprey feeding various types fish Lives mainly in rivers. Distributed in the basins of Ukraine. Doesn't like to be deep underwater.

The body length is 25 cm, spawns at a water temperature of 8 degrees. After spawning, they live for another two years and die.

Sterlet

It has a dark gray-brown color.

Life expectancy is 27 years.

Length ranges from 1.25 m and weight up to 16 kg.

Lives in rivers.

In winter it goes into a sedentary state, goes deeper and does not feed on anything.

Distributed in the Black, Azov, Caspian, White, Barents and Kara seas.

It is a very valuable industrial fish.

Danube salmon

Danube salmon is a unique representative of the fish fauna of Ukraine. It lives in the Danube River basin and is not found anywhere else in the world. The fish belongs to the salmon family. Its length is about 1 meter.

Salmon color is gray. It begins to spawn in April. This fish is a voracious predator that feeds on small fish. The weight of the fish is 140 g, sizes range up to 15 cm.

The lifespan of Danube salmon is twenty years.

Brook trout

Brook trout belongs to the salmon family. It has a body length of 25 - 55 cm, and a weight of 0.2 - 2 kg or more. The color changes from dark brown to golden. This fish leads a sedentary lifestyle and does not like to migrate.

Trout feeds on crayfish and insect larvae. Trout receive the largest amount of food during a thunderstorm, when the wind blows a huge number of insect larvae into the water.

Umber

Umbra belongs to the Eudoschidae family. The body dimensions are 10 cm and the weight is approximately 30 g. The color is reddish-brown. It became widespread in the basin of the Danube and Dniester rivers.

If it hears danger, it burrows into the ground. Spawns in March or April. It eats fish larvae and small invertebrates.

European grayling

European grayling is one of the main industrial fish in the North of the Urals. Spawns in rivers at a temperature of 10 degrees. It is a very predatory fish. Likes to be in fast-flowing rivers.

Carp

Carp is a freshwater fish. Belongs to the carp family. The fish is dark in color. Its length is 60 centimeters. The carp is found in the Black, Azov and Caspian seas. Weight is about 5 kg.

River fish without bones

There are no bones in the following types of fish:

• in maritime language;
• in fish of the sturgeon family, which belong to the order Chordata.

Features of river fish

Water is a very dense substance, so the movement of fish in it is difficult. However, her body is adapted to such conditions.

Many fish, especially good swimmers, have a long torpedo or spindle shape. Such fish include salmon, podust, dace, chub, asp, sabrefish and herring. In calm water and with a slight current live fish that have flat body. These include bream, rudd and crucian carp.

Among the river fish there are predators - pike, burbot, pike perch and catfish, which have a terrible mouth, huge jaws and strong teeth. Pike has the peculiarity of arching when swallowing food.

Fish that feed on small fish have small mouth openings. And those that feed from the bottom and dig the ground have a retractable mouth.

The skin color of many fish changes depending on their habitat. The speed of movement can be from ten to twenty meters per second.

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Find out more about the bait!

Carp is the common name for freshwater fish of the carp family. They are widely distributed in various bodies of water around the world. They prefer quiet, stagnant or slow-flowing waters with a hard clayey and slightly silted bottom. Capable of growing up to 1.2 meters in length and weighing more than 100 kg. They feed on mollusks, crustaceans, worms and insect larvae. The largest carp caught by a British angler in 2013 weighed 45.59 kg.

The common taimen is a species of large freshwater fish, the largest representative of the salmon family. They live in fast-flowing, cold rivers of Siberia and in the Amur River basin. Common taimen can grow up to 1.5–2 m long and weigh 60–80 kg. However, most mature fish caught averaged between 70 and 120 cm in length and weighed between 15 and 30 kg. Largest specimen caught, recorded International Association sport fishing (International Game Fish Association) weighed 41.95 kg with a length of 156 cm. The species is listed in the Red Book.

The common catfish is a large freshwater, scaleless, bottom-dwelling fish that lives in deep rivers, deep channels, lakes and reservoirs throughout Europe and Asia. The body length of catfish can reach 5 m, weight - 100 kg. There is a lot of information about giant catfish reaching 250–300 kg, but there is no documentary evidence of the existence of such catfish. Is typical predator and feeds on fish, large benthic invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, waterfowl, small mammals and even relatives. Like the pike, the catfish is an excellent orderly for reservoirs; it eats sick and weakened fish. Cases of attacks on people have also been described.

Nile perch is a type of large freshwater predatory fish that lives in the basins of the Congo, Nile, Senegal, Niger rivers, as well as in lakes Chad, Volta, Turkana and other reservoirs. Found in Lake Maryut in Egypt. They can grow up to 2 meters in length and weigh up to 200 kg. However, adults usually reach a length of 121–137 cm. The Nile perch is a predator that dominates in the reservoirs of residence. It feeds mainly on fish, crustaceans and insects. Where food resources are limited, they can also eat relatives.

Beluga is a species of fish from the sturgeon family. It lives in the White, Caspian, Azov, Black, and Adriatic seas, from where it enters rivers for spawning. Their body length can reach 5 m, weight - 1000 kg (usually individuals up to 2.5 m and weighing up to 200–300 kg are caught). As an exception, according to unconfirmed reports, there were individuals 9 m long and weighing up to 2 tons; if this information is correct, then the beluga can be considered the largest freshwater fish Globe. It feeds mainly on fish, but does not neglect shellfish.

Fifth place in the list of the largest freshwater fish on the planet is occupied by the White sturgeon - a species of fish of the sturgeon family, the largest freshwater fish in North America. Inhabits the bottom of slow-moving rivers and bays along the west coast of North America. The white sturgeon can grow up to 6.1 m long and weigh 816 kg. It feeds mainly on fish, crustaceans and mollusks.

The Chinese paddlefish or psefur is a freshwater fish that lives only in the Yangtze River, sometimes swims into large lakes and the Yellow Sea. Their body length can exceed 3 meters and weight 300 kilograms. There is information that in the 1950s, fishermen caught a paddlefish 7 meters long and weighing about 500 kg, although the veracity of this story is unconfirmed. It feeds on fish and crustaceans. Its meat and caviar are highly prized in China.

The giant freshwater stingray (Himantura polylepis) is a species of freshwater stingray that lives in tropical waters of several large rivers Indochina and Kalimantan. Capable of growing up to 1.9 m wide and weighing 600 kg. They feed mainly on crustaceans and mollusks, possibly earthworms. The giant freshwater stingray is not aggressive, although they must be handled with care as their poisonous long spine can easily penetrate human bone. This species is endangered.

Mississippi girt

The Mississippi shellfish or alligator pike is a species of large freshwater fish common in the valley of the lower Mississippi River and its tributaries in the North and Central America. This is a very fast and strong, but shy fish. According to experts, the Mississippi shellfish can grow up to 3 m in length and weigh more than 130 kg. In 2011, the largest shellfish caught was officially registered, its length was 2.572 m, weight 148 kg. It feeds mainly on fish, small mammals, birds, turtles, etc. There are known cases of attacks on children, fortunately, they never ended fatally. Included in the list of prehistoric fish that were considered extinct.

The giant catfish is the largest freshwater fish and is endangered. It is found only in the lower Mekong River, as well as in the Tonle Sap River and Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia. Fish of this species can grow up to 3 meters in length and weigh 150–200 kg. They are herbivores - they feed mainly on algae and phytoplankton. The largest specimen caught in 2005 reached a length of 2.7 m and weighed 293 kg, and it was recognized as the largest freshwater fish caught by humans.