Ivan Vladimirov is considered a Soviet artist. He received government awards, and among his works there is a portrait of the “leader.” But his main legacy is his illustrations of the Civil War. They were given “ideologically correct” names, the cycle included several anti-white drawings (by the way, noticeably inferior to the others - the author clearly did not draw them from the heart), but everything else is such an indictment of Bolshevism that it is even surprising how blind the “comrades” were. And the accusation is that Vladimirov, a documentary artist, simply reflected what he saw, and the Bolsheviks in his drawings turned out to be what they were - gopniks who mocked people. "A true artist must be truthful." In these drawings, Vladimirov was truthful and, thanks to him, we have an exceptional pictorial chronicle of the era.

Russia: the realities of the revolution and civil war through the eyes of the artist Ivan Vladimirov (part 1)

A selection of paintings The battle painter Ivan Alekseevich Vladimirov (1869 - 1947) is known for his cycles of works dedicated to Russian-Japanese war, the revolution of 1905 and the First World War. But the most expressive and realistic was the cycle of his documentary sketches of 1917 - 1918. During this period, he worked in the Petrograd police, actively participated in its daily activities and made his sketches not from someone else’s words, but from living nature itself. It is thanks to this that Vladimirov’s paintings of this period of time are striking in their truthfulness and showing various not very attractive aspects of life of that era. Unfortunately, the artist subsequently betrayed his principles and turned into a completely ordinary battle painter who exchanged his talent and began to paint in the style of imitative socialist realism (to serve the interests of Soviet leaders). To enlarge any of the images you like, click on it. Pogrom of a liquor store

Capture of the Winter Palace

Down with the eagle

Arrest of the generals

Escorting prisoners

From their homes (Peasants take away property from the lord's estates and go to the city in search of better life)

Agitator

Surplus appropriation (requisition)

Interrogation at the Committee of the Poor

Capture of White Guard spies

Peasant uprising on the estate of Prince Shakhovsky

Execution of peasants by White Cossacks

Capture of Wrangel tanks by the Red Army near Kakhovka

Flight of the bourgeoisie from Novorossiysk in 1920

In the basements of the Cheka (1919)

Burning of eagles and royal portraits (1917)

Petrograd. Relocation of an evicted family (1917 - 1922)

Russian clergy in forced labor (1919)
Cutting up a Dead Horse (1919)

Searching for Edibles in a Garbage Pit (1919)

Famine on the streets of Petrograd (1918)

Former Tsarist officials in forced labor (1920)

Night looting of a carriage with aid from the Red Cross (1922)

Requisition of church property in Petrograd (1922)

In Search of the Runaway Fist (1920)

Entertainment of teenagers in the Imperial Garden of Petrograd (1921)

IN fiction

· Babel I. “Cavalry” (1926)

· Bulgakov. M. “White Guard” (1924)

· Ostrovsky N. “How the steel was tempered” (1934)

· Sholokhov. M. " Quiet Don"(1926-1940)

· Serafimovich A. “Iron Stream” (1924)

· Tolstoy A. “The Adventures of Nevzorov, or Ibicus” (1924)

· Tolstoy A. “Walking through torment” (1922-1941)

· Fadeev A. “Destruction” (1927)

· Furmanov D. “Chapaev” (1923)

The book consists of 38 short stories, which are sketches of the life and everyday life of the First Cavalry Army, united by common heroes and the time of the story. The book shows in a rather harsh and unsightly form the characters of Russian revolutionaries, their lack of education and cruelty, which clearly contrasts with the character of the main character - the educated correspondent Kirill Lyutov, whose image is quite closely related to the image of Babel himself. Some episodes of the work are autobiographical. A striking feature of the story is that the main character has Jewish roots (although he bears the Russian surname Lyutov). The issue of the persecution of Jews before and during the Civil War is given a special place in the book.

"White Guard"- the first novel by Mikhail Bulgakov. The events of the Civil War at the end of 1918 are described; The action takes place in Ukraine. The novel takes place in 1918, when the Germans who occupied Ukraine leave the City and it is captured by Petliura’s troops. The heroes - Alexey Turbin (28 years old), Elena Turbina - Talberg (24 years old) and Nikolka (17 years old) - are involved in the cycle of military and political events. The city (in which Kyiv is easily guessed) is occupied German army. As a result of the signing of the Brest Peace Treaty, it did not fall under the rule of the Bolsheviks and became a refuge for many Russian intellectuals and military personnel who were fleeing the RSFSR. Officer military organizations are created in the city under the patronage of the hetman - an ally of the Germans, recent enemies. Petlyura's army is attacking the City. By the time of the events of the novel, the Compiegne Truce has been concluded and the Germans are preparing to leave the City. In fact, only volunteers defend him from Petliura. Realizing the complexity of their situation, they reassure themselves with rumors about the approach of French troops, who allegedly landed in Odessa (in accordance with the terms of the truce, they had the right to occupy the occupied territories of Russia as far as the Vistula in the west). Residents of the city - Alexey (a front-line soldier, a military doctor) and Nikolka Turbins volunteer for the city’s defenders, and Elena protects the house, which becomes a refuge for officers of the Russian army. Since it is impossible to defend the City on its own, the hetman’s command and administration abandon him to his fate and leave with the Germans (the hetman himself disguises himself as a wounded German officer). Volunteers - Russian officers and cadets unsuccessfully defend the City without command against superior enemy forces (the author created a brilliant heroic image of Colonel Nai-Tours). Some commanders, realizing the futility of resistance, send their fighters home, others actively organize resistance and die along with their subordinates. Petlyura occupies the City, organizes a magnificent parade, but after a few months is forced to surrender it to the Bolsheviks. Main character- Alexey Turbin - true to duty, tries to join his unit (not knowing that it has been disbanded), enters into battle with the Petliurites, is wounded and, by chance, finds love in the person of a woman who saves him from being pursued by his enemies. A social cataclysm reveals characters - some flee, others prefer death in battle. The people as a whole accept the new government (Petlyura) and after its arrival demonstrate hostility towards the officers.

"As the Steel Was Tempered"- autobiographical novel by Soviet writer Nikolai Alekseevich Ostrovsky (1932). The book is written in the style of socialist realism. The novel tells the story of the fate of the young revolutionary Pavka (Paul) Korchagin, who defends the gains of Soviet power in the Civil War. Ostrovsky Nikolai Alekseevich. Born into a working-class family. In July 1919 he joined the Komsomol and went to the front as a volunteer. He fought in units of the cavalry brigade of G.I. Kotovsky and the 1st Cavalry Army. In August 1920 he was seriously wounded. Since 1927, a severe progressive illness confined O. to bed; in 1928 he lost his sight. Mobilizing all his spiritual strength, O. fought for life and engaged in self-education. Blind, motionless, he created the book “How the Steel Was Tempered.” The image of the main character of the novel “How the Steel Was Tempered” ≈ Pavel Korchagin is autobiographical. Using the right to fiction, the writer talentedly reinterpreted personal impressions and documents, creating paintings and images of broad artistic significance. The novel conveys the revolutionary impulse of the people, of which Korchagin feels himself a part. For many generations of Soviet youth, for advanced circles of youth abroad, Korchagin became a moral model. The novel played a mobilizing role during the Great Patriotic War 1941≈45 and during the days of peaceful construction.

Quiet Don"- epic novel by Mikhail Sholokhov in 4 volumes. Volumes 1-3 were written from 1926 to 1928, volume 4 completed in 1940. One of the most significant works of Russian literature of the 20th century, painting a broad panorama of the life of the Don Cossacks during the First World War, revolutionary events 1917 and the Russian Civil War. Most of the action of the novel takes place in the Tatarsky farm of the village of Vyoshenskaya approximately between 1912 and 1922. The plot centers on the life of the Cossack family Melekhov, who went through the First World War and the Civil War. The Melekhovs, the farmers and the entire Don Cossacks experienced a lot during these troubled years. From a strong and prosperous family, by the end of the novel, Grigory Melekhov, his son Misha and sister Dunya remain alive. The main character of the book, Grigory Melekhov, is a peasant, a Cossack, an officer who has risen from the rank and file. The historical turning point, which completely changed the ancient way of life of the Don Cossacks, coincided with a tragic turning point in his personal life. Grigory cannot understand who he should stay with: the Reds or the Whites. Melekhov, due to his natural abilities, rises first from ordinary Cossacks to the rank of officer, and then to the position of general (commanding a rebel division in the Civil War), but his military career is not destined to work out. Melekhov also rushes between two women: his initially unloved wife Natalya, whose feelings for whom awakened only after the birth of their children Polyushka and Mishatka, and Aksinya Astakhova, Gregory’s first and strongest love. And he could not save both women. At the end of the book, Grigory gives up everything and returns home to the only son left from the entire Melekhov family, and to native land. The novel contains a description of the life and everyday life of peasants at the beginning of the 20th century: rituals and traditions characteristic of the Don Cossacks. The role of the Cossacks in military operations, anti-Soviet uprisings and their suppression, and the formation of Soviet power in the village of Vyoshenskaya are described in detail. Sholokhov worked on the novel “Quiet Don” for 15 years, work on the novel “Virgin Soil Upturned” lasted for 30 years (the first book was published in 1932, the second in 1960). In “Quiet Don” (1928-40) Sholokhov explores the theme of personality in history, creates pictures of a national tragedy that destroyed the entire way of life of the people. "Quiet Don" is a large-scale work, it contains more than 600 characters. The action of the novel covers ten years (from May 1912 to March 1922), these are the years of the imperialist war, the February and October revolutions and the Civil War. The events of history, the holistic image of the Sholokhov era, are traced through the fates of the heroes: Cossacks, farmers, workers and warriors living on the Tatar farm, on the high bank of the Don. The destinies of these people reflected social changes, changes in consciousness, everyday life, and psychology. The core of the book is the history of the Melekhov family. Portraying the truth-seeker Grigory Melekhov, Sholokhov reveals the confrontation between natural man and social cataclysms. Gregory appears as a natural person, an uncompromising person who does not accept half-truths. Civil war, revolution, a world split in two throw him into a bloody mess, twist him into a meat grinder of civil strife, atrocities on the part of both the Reds and the Whites. An innate sense of freedom, honor, and dignity will not allow him to bend his back either to the white generals or to the red commissars. The tragedy of Grigory Melekhov is the tragedy of an honest man in a tragically torn world. The ending of the novel is Gregory’s departure from the deserters hiding in anticipation of an amnesty, returning to his native kuren. On the banks of the Don, Grigory will throw his rifle and revolver into the water; this is a symbolic gesture. The novel organically includes ancient Cossack songs “How are you, father, the glorious quiet Don” and “Oh you, our father the quiet Don”, taken from epigraphs to the 1st and 3rd books of the novel, they appeal to the moral ideas of the people. In “Quiet Don” there are about 250 descriptions of nature, emphasizing the eternal triumph of life itself and the priority of natural values.
During the Thaw years, Sholokhov published the story “The Fate of a Man” (1956), which became a turning point in prose about the war. With this story, Sholokhov managed to reverse the barbaric cruelty of the system towards many thousands of soldiers who found themselves in fascist captivity against their will. In a small work, Sholokhov managed to depict an individual human destiny as a people's destiny in an era of the most severe disasters, to see in this life a huge universal content and meaning. The hero of the story, Andrei Sokolov, is an ordinary person who has survived innumerable torments and captivity. A “military hurricane of unprecedented power” razed the house and Sokolov’s family from the face of the earth, but he did not break. Having met a child, whom the war had also deprived of all his relatives and friends, he took responsibility for his life and upbringing. Throughout the entire story runs the idea of ​​the anti-human essence of fascism, war, which distorts destinies and destroys homes. The story about irreparable losses, about terrible grief is permeated with faith in man, his kindness, mercy, perseverance and prudence. The reflections of the author-narrator, sensitive to the misfortune of others, endowed with enormous power of empathy, increase the emotional intensity of the story.

Destruction- a novel by Soviet writer Alexander. A. Fadeeva. The novel tells the story of the partisan red detachment. The events take place in the 1920s during the Civil War in the Ussuri region. Shown inner world the main characters of the novel: the commander of the detachment Levinson and the fighters of the detachment Mechik, Morozka, and his wife Varya. The partisan detachment (like other detachments) is stationed in the village and does not conduct combat operations for a long time. People get used to deceptive calm. But soon the enemy begins a large-scale offensive, crushing the partisan detachments one after another, and a ring of enemies tightens around the detachment. The squad leader is doing everything possible to save people and continue the fight. The detachment, pressed against the quagmire, makes a road and crosses it into the taiga. In the finale, the detachment falls into a Cossack ambush, but, having suffered terrible losses, breaks through the ring. The novel was written in 1924 - 1926 by the then little-known writer Alexander Fadeev. The novel “Destruction” is about human relationships, about difficult conditions in which one must survive, and about loyalty to the cause. It is no coincidence that Fadeev chooses to describe in the novel the time when the detachment has already been defeated. He wants to show not only the successes of the Red Army, but also its failures. One of the main positive characters of the novel is a man named Levinson. Fadeev did positive hero of his work by Jewish nationality, in accordance with the internationalism of the 20s.

"Chapaev"- a 1923 novel by Dmitry Furmanov about the life and death of the civil war hero, divisional commander Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev. The action takes place in 1919, mainly during the stay of Commissar Fyodor Klychkov in the 25th Chapaev Division (it was directly reflected in the novel personal experience Furmanov’s own work as a commissar in Chapaev’s division). The battles for Slomikhinskaya, Pilyugino, Ufa are described, as well as the death of Chapaev in the battle of Lbischensk.

The second volume of Mikhail Sholokhov's epic novel tells about the civil war. It included chapters about the Kornilov rebellion from the book “Donshchina”, which the writer began to create a year before “Quiet Don”. This part of the work is precisely dated: late 1916 - April 1918.

The slogans of the Bolsheviks attracted the poor who wanted to be free masters of their land. But the civil war raises new questions for the main character Grigory Melekhov. Each side, white and red, seeks its truth by killing each other. Once with the Reds,

Gregory sees the cruelty, intransigence, and thirst for blood of his enemies. War destroys everything: the smooth life of families, peaceful work, takes away the last things, kills love. Sholokhov's heroes Grigory and Pyotr Melekhov, Stepan Astakhov, Koshevoy, almost the entire male population are drawn into battles, the meaning of which is unclear to them. For whose sake and what should they die in the prime of life? Life on the farm gives them a lot of joy, beauty, hope, and opportunity. War is only deprivation and death.

The Bolsheviks Shtokman and Bunchuk see the country solely as an arena of class battles, where people are like tin soldiers in someone else’s game, where pity for a person is a crime. The burdens of war fall primarily on the shoulders of the civilian population, ordinary people; it is up to them to starve and die, not to the commissars. Bunchuk arranges lynching of Kalmykov, and in his defense he says: “They are us or we are them!.. There is no middle ground.” Hatred blinds, no one wants to stop and think, impunity gives a free hand. Grigory witnesses how Commissioner Malkin sadistically mocks the population in the captured village. He sees terrible pictures of robbery by fighters of the Tiraspol detachment of the 2nd Socialist Army, who rob farmsteads and rape women. As the old song says, you have become cloudy, Father Quiet Don. Grigory understands that in fact it is not the truth that people mad with blood are looking for, but real turmoil is happening on the Don.

It is no coincidence that Melekhov rushes between the two warring sides. Everywhere he encounters violence and cruelty that he cannot accept. Podtelkov orders the execution of prisoners, and the Cossacks, forgetting about military honor, chop down unarmed people. They carried out the order, but when Gregory realized that he was chopping up prisoners, he fell into a frenzy: “Who did he chop down!.. Brothers, I have no forgiveness! Hack, for God’s sake... for God’s sake... To death... deliver!” Christonya, dragging the “enraged” Melekhov away from Podtelkov, says bitterly: “Lord God, what is happening to people?” And the captain, Shein, who had already understood the essence of what was happening, prophetically promises Podtelkov that “the Cossacks will wake up and they will hang you.” The mother reproaches Gregory for participating in the execution of captured sailors, but he himself admits how cruel he became in the war: “I don’t feel sorry for the children either.” Having left the Reds, Grigory joins the Whites, where he sees Podtelkov executed. Melekhov tells him: “Do you remember the battle near Glubokaya? Do you remember how the officers were shot?.. They shot on your orders! A? Now you're burping! Well, don't worry! You're not the only one to tan other people's skins! You have left, Chairman of the Don Council of People’s Commissars!”

War embitters and divides people. Grigory notices that the concepts of “brother”, “honor”, ​​“fatherland” disappear from consciousness. The strong community of Cossacks has been disintegrating for centuries. Now everyone is for himself and for his family. Koshevoy, using his power, decided to execute the local rich man Miron Korshunov. Miron's son, Mitka, avenges his father and kills Koshevoy's mother. Koshevoy kills Pyotr Melekhov, his wife Daria shot Ivan Alekseevich. Koshevoy now takes revenge on the entire Tatarsky farm for the death of his mother: when leaving, he sets fire to “seven houses in a row.” Blood seeks blood.

Looking into the past, Sholokhov recreates the events of the Upper Don Uprising. When the uprising began, Melekhov perked up and decided that now everything would change for the better: “We must fight those who want to take away life, the right to it...” Having almost driven his horse, he rushes off to fight the Reds. The Cossacks protested against the destruction of their way of life, but, striving for justice, they tried to solve the problem with aggression and conflict, which led to the opposite result. And here Gregory was disappointed. Having been assigned to Budyonny's cavalry, Grigory does not find an answer to bitter questions. He says: “I’m tired of everything: both the revolution and the counter-revolution... I want to live near my children.”

The writer shows that there can be no truth where there is death. There is only one truth, it is not “red” or “white”. War kills the best. Realizing this, Grigory throws down his weapon and returns to his native farm to work on his native land and raise children. The hero is not yet 30 years old, but the war turned him into an old man, took him away, burned out the best part of his soul. Sholokhov in his immortal work raises the question of the responsibility of history to the individual. The writer sympathizes with his hero, whose life is broken: “Like a steppe scorched by fires, Gregory’s life became black...”

In the epic novel, Sholokhov created a grandiose historical canvas, describing in detail the events of the civil war on the Don. The writer became a national hero for the Cossacks, creating an artistic epic about the life of the Cossacks in a tragic time of historical change.

Other works on this topic:

1. The second volume of Mikhail Sholokhov's epic novel tells about the civil war. It included chapters about the Kornilov rebellion from the book “Donshchina”, which the writer began to create over the course of a year...
2. The civil war, in my opinion, is the most cruel and bloody war, because sometimes close people who once lived in one whole, united country fight in it...
3. Soviet authority brought with it the worst thing that can happen in the history of a state - a civil war. A civil war is a war that takes place within a country...
4. The epic novel by M. A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don” is a book about the miserable life of the Cossacks during the years of the terrible bloody events that took place in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century....
5. Sholokhov powerfully entered the 20th century with his ideas, images and populated literature with living human characters. They came as if from life itself, still smoking from the fires...
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A light machine-gun armored car Fiat built by the Izhora plant and a heavy machine-gun-cannon armored car Garford built by the Putilov plant on Teatralnaya Square in Moscow. The photo was taken in July 1918 during the suppression of the uprising of the Left Social Revolutionaries. On the right side of the frame, on the building of the Shelaputinsky Theater (in 1918 it housed the K. Nezlobin Theater, and currently the Russian Academic Youth Theater) you can read a poster with the title of the play “King of the Jews,” the author of which was Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov , cousin of Nicholas II.

A soldier or commander of the Red Army with a badge of the 1918 model on his overcoat. Caption on the back of the photo: Filmed on December 26th of the new style, 1918. HELL. Tarasov. Active army.

Members of one of the armed formations of the Civil War, presumably the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine under the command of Nestor Makhno. The fighter on the far right has on his belt a belt with a spinner of the Russian Imperial Army turned upside down.

Photos of the victims of the Red Terror in Russia during the Civil War and their executioners.
Attention! Shock content! Not to look nervous!


A corpse found in the courtyard of the Kherson Cheka.
The head was cut off, the right leg was broken, the body was burned

Mutilated corpses of victims of the Kherson Cheka

Head of a village in Kherson province E.V. Marchenko,
martyred in the Cheka

Corpses of those tortured at one of the stations in the Kherson province.
The heads and limbs of the victims were mutilated

The corpse of Colonel Franin, tortured in the Kherson Cheka
in Tyulpanov's house on Bogorodskaya street,
where was the Kherson emergency situation

Corpses of hostages found in the Kherson Cheka
in the basement of Tyulpanov's house

Captain Fedorov with signs of torture on his hands.
On the left hand there is a mark from a bullet wound received during torture.
At the last minute he managed to escape from being shot.
Below are photographs of torture instruments,
depicted by Fedorov

Leather found in the basement of the Kharkov Cheka,
ripped off the victims' hands using a metal comb
and special forceps

Skin flayed from victims' limbs
in Rabinovich's house on the street. Lomonosov in Kherson,
where the Kherson emergency tortured

Executioner - N.M. Demyshev.
Chairman of the Executive Committee of Evpatoria,
one of the organizers of the red “Bartholomew’s Night”.
Executed by the Whites after the liberation of Yevpatoria

The executioner is Kebabchants, nicknamed “bloody”.
Deputy Chairman of the Evpatoria Executive Committee,
participant of "Bartholomew's Night".
Executed by the Whites

Female executioner - Varvara Grebennikova (Nemich).
In January 1920, she sentenced officers to death
and the “bourgeoisie” on board the steamship Romania.
Executed by the Whites

Executioners.
Participants of Bartholomew's Night
in Evpatoria and executions in “Romania”.
Executed by whites

Executioners of the Kherson Cheka

Dora Evlinskaya, under 20 years old, female executioner,
executed 400 officers in the Odessa Cheka with her own hands

Saenko Stepan Afanasyevich,
commandant of the concentration camp in Kharkov

Corpses of hostages shot in Kharkov prison

Kharkiv. Corpses of hostages who died under Bolshevik torture

Kharkiv. Corpses of tortured female hostages.
Second from left is S. Ivanova, owner of a small shop.
Third from left - A.I. Karolskaya, wife of a colonel.
The fourth is L. Khlopkova, landowner.
Everyone's breasts were cut open and peeled out alive,
the genitals were burned and coals were found in them

Kharkiv. The body of the hostage Lieutenant Bobrov,
to whom the executioners cut out his tongue and chopped off his hands
and removed the skin along the left leg

Kharkov, emergency yard.
The corpse of hostage I. Ponomarenko, a former telegraph operator.
The right hand is chopped off. There are several deep cuts across the chest.
There are two more corpses in the background

The corpse of hostage Ilya Sidorenko,
owner of a fashion store in the city of Sumy.
The victim's arms were broken, his ribs were broken,
genitals cut open.
Martyred in Kharkov

Snegirevka station, near Kharkov.
The corpse of a tortured woman.
No clothing was found on the body.
The head and shoulders were cut off
(during the autopsy the graves were never found)

Kharkiv. Corpses of the dead dumped in a cart

Kharkiv. Corpses of those tortured in the Cheka

Courtyard of the Kharkov gubchek (Sadovaya street, 5)
with the corpses of the executed

Concentration camp in Kharkov. Tortured to death

Kharkiv. Photo of the head of Archimandrite Rodion,
Spassovsky Monastery, scalped by the Bolsheviks

Excavation of one of the mass graves
near the building of the Kharkov Cheka

Kharkiv. Excavation of a mass grave
with the victims of the red terror

Farmers I. Afanasyuk and S. Prokopovich,
scalped alive. At the neighbor's, I. Afanasyuk,
on the body there are traces of burns from a red-hot saber

The bodies of three hostage workers from the striking factory.
The middle one, A. Ivanenko, has his eyes burned out,
lips and nose cut off. Others have their hands cut off

The corpse of an officer killed by the Reds

The bodies of four peasant hostages
(Bondarenko, Plokhikh, Levenets and Sidorchuk).
The faces of the dead are terribly cut up.
The genitals were mutilated in a special savage way.
The doctors conducting the examination expressed the opinion that
that such a technique should only be known
Chinese executioners and according to the degree of pain
exceeds anything imaginable to man

On the left is the corpse of hostage S. Mikhailov,
grocery store clerk
apparently hacked to death with a saber.
In the middle is the body of a man hacked to death with ramrods,
with a broken lower back, teacher Petrenko.
On the right is the corpse of Agapov, with his
previously described genital torture

The corpse of a 17-18 year old boy,
with a cut-out side and a mutilated face

Permian. Georgievskaya station.
The corpse of a woman.
Three fingers right hand compressed for baptism

Yakov Chus, a seriously wounded Cossack,
abandoned by the retreating White Guard.
The red ones who approached doused them with gasoline
and burned alive

Siberia. Yenisei province.
Officer Ivanov, tortured to death

Siberia. Yenisei province.
Corpses of tortured victims of Bolshevik terror.
In the Soviet encyclopedia
“Civil War and Military Intervention in the USSR” (M., 1983, p. 264)
this photograph, from a slightly different angle, is given as an example
“victims of Kolchakism” in Siberia in 1919

Doctor Belyaev, Czech.
Brutally killed in Verkhneudinsk.
The photograph shows a severed hand
and a disfigured face

Yeniseisk. Captured Cossack officer
brutally killed by the Reds (legs, arms and head burned)

The victim's legs were broken before his death

Odessa. Reburial of victims from mass graves,
excavated after the Bolsheviks left

Pyatigorsk, 1919. Excavation of mass graves
with the corpses of hostages executed by the Bolsheviks in 1918

Pyatigorsk, 1919.
Reburial of victims of Bolshevik terror.
Memorial service