We move along the bridge to the central location. In an open area, the tactics are as follows: we fired a rifle, and immediately ran into the nearest well, and we sat there until the alarm passed. You can move forward like this for a long time until you come to the central gate. Our main goal is further, deeper into the yard.

We go into the main entrance. We immediately kill the enemy on the left. We go to him, search him, and shoot with a silent pistol. After a little clearing, go to the right, towards the sniper position, take it, shoot at the enemies as much as possible, but keep in mind that the enemies will still hear your shot, so be prepared to repel attacks.

After you have cleared the environment, go towards the star, climb the stairs and enter the room. We watch a video about the note containing secret information, after which we eavesdrop on a conversation between two soldiers. The main thing to pay attention to is the officer we need with a wound in the arm. Now we leave the room, shooting as quietly as possible the surrounding Krauts, and climb to the very top, lie down, take out binoculars and wait for the three officers to meet, talk and disperse. Look closely at their hands. The officer we need will go to the left. His hand will be rewound, which can only be seen through binoculars. You can't shoot at them. We wait for them to disperse, get off, and then we can knock down one, then the other, and bring the main one with a bandaged hand to the end until he comes to the door of the house. After that, it must be searched. You now have Valen's diary.

All that remains is to fight our way to the exit. Destroy soldiers and especially snipers, do not leave them behind. Closer to the exit you will have to deal with a tank. He will drive around in circles. There will be a building in the center. Climb the stairs to the second floor of this building, there will be a Faustpatron. Take it, go down, go to the rear of the tank and hit it from behind or on the side. Try not to hit the track, but take it higher. Otherwise, you will knock down the caterpillar, and the turret will rotate, and you only have one cartridge. So it will be hard for you. If you are hit in such a way that the tank’s turret does not rotate, calmly approach from behind, place dynamite under the tank, move away and shoot at the dynamite. It explodes and the tank is destroyed.

Next we follow to the exit. We watch a short cutscene, after which we will need to destroy two snipers who came out on the right. One is killed almost immediately, but the second one will have to tinker. Climb onto the second floor of the building, opposite it, go to the left window and shoot accurately, then move back to the armored vehicle. That's it, the level is completed.

A sniper is a soldier who is fluent in the art of marksmanship, camouflage and long-term observation. Usually his main task is to eliminate an important unit of the enemy, most often a team one, from the first shot. A special forces officer shared his opinion about snipers and tried to destroy popular myths about this art.

An inquisitive young man probably has such a picture before his eyes. Here he is, alone with his trusty sniper rifle, making his way through territory controlled by members of illegal armed groups (fascists, zombies, orcs). He is wearing a tattered “goblin” type cloak, and his face is covered in smudges of camouflage makeup. And so he alone “executes” the defendant, having finally seen his face, distorted in anticipation of imminent death. Doesn't remind you of anything? Yep, the movie Sniper starring Tom Berenger.

Another romantic of “sniping”, who played both “Doom” and “Contra” on the computer, ran around with a paintball “chat” and “performed” more than a dozen defendants, decides: this is it, mine! Moreover, spring is the time for conscription. Where should I go? Join the army, become snipers! Yeah, right now. Well, shall we begin to slowly become disillusioned?

Let's take off the rose-colored glasses

Sniper courses? Has anyone seen these courses? For example, in civilian life? Naturally not. There are bullet shooting sections and the like. But they won't train a sniper there. The coach in the section will probably be a real master of sports or even a champion and a good teacher. If you have the makings and abilities, then you will be trained as an athlete, not a sniper. Of course, this gives you skills, you gain experience in handling weapons, determining the distance to targets, calculating corrections, and so on. But the experience, you see, is specific.

You will shoot from a sporting rifle, this time. You will perform sports exercises, and not at a live target, that's two. Your target will be either static or moving according to the conditions of the exercise and will be located at the established ranges. You will be wearing a comfortable sports uniform, you will be well-fed and well rested. Well, perhaps you, as a well-trained athlete, will become a little “melancholic”, and nothing will irritate you or distract you from the conditions of the exercise. But sport and performing a combat mission are radically different (more on that below).

If you, having experience in training in the bullet shooting section, were drafted into the army and you were sent to specialized training (of which we have a couple left), no sniper instructor will train you PSYCHOLOGICALLY! Does he need it? Where is the “Manual on the psychological preparation of a sniper”? There's no such thing. And all that dregs that wanders on the Internet as educational material, no good.

About a heavy photo album

Let's go back to the preface: “The sniper lives with his load...”. What a poor fellow! You see, he has a photo album in front of his eyes, it interferes with his life. Is such a “photo album” possible in principle?

From an SVD, for example, the optimal range when shooting prone to hit the enemy’s head is 400 meters. And who among us, even with a PSO-1 sight, is able to see a face at such a distance? What kind of “photo album” is this? If someone were to shoot at a real target, he would most likely see a dark, contorted figure - and nothing more. In order to shoot at the “person of interest”, seeing his face, there are other snipers. And believe me, they serve in other structures, and not in the RF Armed Forces and not even in the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. But we are still talking about the Armed Forces, so we continue to analyze the preface.

Somebody’s coach said that after the “first” the sniper broke down and didn’t ask for a “paddle in the mountains.” Why then was he taken at all?

Imagine that the group commander broke down after the first battle, the reconnaissance sapper drank himself to death after the first “raise” with real results, the artilleryman went to a monastery after the first successful cover, etc. In my opinion, this is stupidity.

About Tom, ours, Berenger

Okay, let's leave the preface. Let's deal with Tom our Berenger. Cinema is cinema. So Tom’s character received the task of removing the head of a drug cartel. Our hero goes to complete the task. Let's consider what he brings with him.

Well, the first thing, of course, is the rifle. In my opinion, M24, if it’s wrong, correct it. Its weight in running order is 7 kilograms and about two hundred and sixty grams, this includes straps for transportation and optics. Next, the ammunition for the task is at least one hundred rounds. The weight of the NATO cartridge is 7.62 X51 - 15.7 grams. In total, together with pouches for carrying them, another 3 kilograms. Tom's second weapon was the good old M1911 A Colt. Weight 1 kilogram 120 grams. 100 pieces of 45-caliber pistol cartridges - another 1.5 kilograms. Signal and smoke flares - 1 kilogram. Grenades, 4 pieces, another 3 kilograms. Technical reconnaissance equipment, say, binoculars with a built-in rangefinder - 1 kilogram. Means of communication. Since Tom is walking alone, he has a means of communication with the Combat Operations Center. The terrain is mountainous and forested, and AN/PRC radios operating in the VHF range will not work, which means something stronger is needed. Let's take a satellite station with a previously allocated channel. So, it will be AN/PSC-5, powered by two batteries, each weighing 2.04 kilograms, and the station itself weighs about 2.8 kilograms. Let's not forget about spare batteries, which means plus 4 kilograms. Well, a storage device, input-output device, headset - another 1 kilogram.

Isn't it hard for you, Tom? But there is also a cape, a camouflage suit - it’s 1.5 kilograms without branches and leaves. An individual first aid kit weighs 0.5 kilograms. Water, packed rations, replacement socks, a knife with a survival kit, a rug, a poncho, etc. add up to another seven kilograms. Now let's do the math. I ended up with about 40 kilograms. Taking into account the requirements of secrecy, the valiant sniper is dropped off 15 kilometers from the mission area. At the same time, he must stamp his feet, penetrate as close to the object as possible and destroy the subject. But in the movies we see a cheerful bison sniper, absolutely not tired while walking in the humid atmosphere of a mountainous and wooded area. In the frame there are only flirty streaks of camouflage makeup.

How did you carry out additional exploration of the site alone? How did you get in? Oh, how beautiful everything is in the movies!

But in reality? Have you tried crawling up a hill with a load of at least 20 kilograms when the temperature is thirty to forty degrees, or even more? One man, of course, is less noticeable in the jungle than a group, but even alone, if you are half Tom Berenger and half John Rambo, little good will happen. The fatigue is too great, both moral and physical. Under favorable conditions, the transition on an unfamiliar route will last a day or more. This means that it is necessary to precisely coordinate and time-verify the actions of the withdrawal subgroup, and to verify information from informants and intelligence down to the smallest nuances. Take into account a bunch of factors, including force majeure. A sniper, even if he gets to the object in time and penetrates the perimeter, most likely will not be able to shoot. To more or less successfully eliminate a subject, based on the practice of various departments, at least a couple is required, and preferably a group of four people. Then something will look more or less plausible.

Like really

Well, now a little bit of realism. When did we actually use snipers, and exactly as they are portrayed on some Internet forums - as a free, lonely hunter?

In the North Caucasus region? I remember the first Chechen campaign. There was a sniper in my group. Do you think I let him go somewhere a few kilometers away to “free hunt”? In fact, a scout with a banal SVD moved a maximum of 100 meters away from the group and was always within sight or audibility. He worked according to my target instructions or according to whoever he noticed. Often, my cry, when I didn’t see the result: “Well, did you hit it?”, was followed by a simple answer: “Oh, who knows, I think I fell.”

When conducting reconnaissance and combat operations in urban conditions, I used a sniper on my own instinct, which, as it turned out later, was correct. When moving in city blocks, he was always not far from me in battle formation. A scout was always paired with him. When scouting a house, this couple did not go inside; they were used as an observation group. The second scout was left with a station and binoculars, several rocket-propelled grenades or RPGs. The couple monitored the windows and insured the exits. A sniper with an SVD has nothing to do in the house. When conducting reconnaissance and search operations in a mountainous and wooded area, the sniper was in his regular place in the group’s battle formation. In other departments special purpose, as far as I am informed, the snipers acted in exactly the same way. They were posted “as a counter” in the detachment’s deployment area or air traffic control area, but no one went anywhere alone. True, there were exceptions, this concerned officers, but even those did not go further than a kilometer from the detachment. The second campaign was exactly the same. I'm sure there will be a lot of people who want to challenge my opinion. For God's sake! Only I operate with facts.

About a conditional sniper in a real combat situation

So, you are the team leader. You have a regular number of snipers. Will you send your scout, conscript or contract soldier, alone or together, to “execute” someone? The question is - who? Does the group commander really have information about any persons involved (leaders of illegal armed groups) in the detachment’s area of ​​responsibility? It’s unlikely, or rather, it doesn’t have it. It is good if the detachment commander and the head of the operational intelligence department have established contact with the operational intelligence groups operating in the area, with “operators” from other bodies and departments that have their own agents. Then there will be information, but the detachment commander himself will hardly be able to implement it, and even less so the group commander or company commander. In order to launch the Special Forces RG to complete a mission, a combat order from a higher headquarters is necessary. And the order is signed by the group’s intelligence chief and chief of staff. The order is, of course, sent to the detachment, and checked by the head of the department. The order is not made in a vacuum. Studying the situation in the detachment’s area of ​​responsibility, collecting information from all sources, coordination in all structures, checking information on several types of intelligence (radio, human intelligence, aerial thermal imaging), information from locals, information from other interacting structures, etc. - this is what precedes acceptance specific solution. So, I have never drawn up a single order to send a sniper (thrice experienced). And other leaders too. I'm talking about my combat experience from 2000 to last year, 2012. And if I did, the head of the department would twist it at his temple and send me...

Well, what if you didn’t send it? Imagine: for the sake of one person (even the most highly trained sniper), you need to start an operational case, coordinate covering artillery fire, and keep the group ready for evacuation. What about the connection? He's a sniper, not a radio operator. And there’s no way without it, we don’t have small-sized satellite stations like Tom, which means we have to carry the ARK station. Although no, you’re going far, but she’s dear, you’ll still lose her. Therefore, you are wearing the usual R-159 with T-240 classification equipment and a set of spare batteries for it. And so on... Considering the realities, our sniper, unlike the movie hero, will carry a load of about 60 kilograms. But we also need to plan helicopter sorties. But, as usual, there is no weather, and the plane was assigned to the commander, so the sniper will go on foot. Do you think he'll go? No. After all, among other things, he knows well the stories about spies-murderers. About those who exterminate local residents, and those who like to collect wild garlic far from home and with a machine gun in their hands. He remembers that after a couple of clashes, the entire detachment was overrun by prosecutors and demanded to confess to criminal acts. The intelligence officer is now savvy, he is well aware that he has no legal basis for scurrying through the forests and eliminating those involved.

Therefore, our experienced sniper will go out peacefully behind the parapet, set up a day’s rest about a hundred meters from the camp and will sit there the entire time the group is performing a combat mission, awaiting target designation from the commander.

About weapons

What else? Why do I write all the time about the SVD, because we still have models in service. For example, VSS. Range - 400 meters. The weapon is specialized and has performed well, but probably does not fit well into the context discussed in the material. There have been cases when, in the presence of several VSS and AS in the RGSpN, very successful silent ambushes were carried out, but you must agree that in order to “execute” the person involved there must be a certain margin both in range and in terms of application capabilities.

Well, for the rest of the rifles. The B-94 weighs 11.7 kilograms and has an effective firing range of almost two kilometers with a 13x scope. So tell me, is this “stupid” necessary to be carried around in a group? It happened that they carried it a couple of times, but they quickly refused. In the forest, a range of two kilometers is useless. And the rifle is large-caliber and specific. To work with it, a sniper must be trained. Long and hard. In the winter of 2000, guys from a related department came with us, namely a sniper couple. We reached the forest and stopped, and realized that there was no point in going further. This rifle is good for combat operations in urban environments, and as an anti-sniper weapon. Its penetration is good, but our sniper, who this moment It only serves for a year, it is of no use at all.

The SV-98 caliber 7.62 X54, manufactured on the basis of the sports "Record", shoots accurately at 800 meters. The rifle is expensive, snipers need to be trained, but they only last a year. What is the point? They'll break it or lose it, but what's the result?

I’m generally silent about foreign samples like AV or HK. Is there an alternative to an inexpensive and simple, as five kopecks, SVD? Maybe there is. For example, the same Mosin SVM rifle. Cheap and cheerful. Attach optics and target designators, shoot and go. Our cartridge is 7.62 X54, sighting range is 2000 meters, lethal range is 3000 meters. I tried. It's okay, it'll work for us. If you know how to shoot.

During the Great Patriotic War

So, the North Caucasian period has been dismantled. What's next - Afghanistan? I was not there and cannot judge the work of the snipers of the Special Forces units. Although, I think, it was not much different from the actions in the North Caucasus region.

So where did snipers work like those written about in literature and films? Of course, during the Great Patriotic War. Why? Yes, because the war was positional, there was a front line, a line of contact between the troops. Wherever she walked - through a field, through a forest, through a neighborhood, through a house, she was there. It was absolutely clear: here are our positions, here are the enemy’s.

And where did the snipers, both ours and German, work from? That's right, either from our positions or from a neutral zone. And it’s incredibly profitable. To ensure vital functions, communications, fire cover and withdrawal of an individual sniper, no special costs are required. The main thing is to get out secretly and disguise yourself. If the front is stuck in positional battles, not moving in one direction or the other, then the work of snipers is activated accordingly. I will not describe the features of camouflage, covert movement, measures to deceive and reveal the enemy, this is full in the literature and on the Internet. And in this situation, our soldiers really had to lie for days in the cold, and in hunger, and in dampness, figuring out their person involved. It was much easier for them during the war. An experienced sniper with a shot of over a hundred “Krauts” could calmly choose his target, cutting off unnecessary things in the form of small fry - privates, transporters, etc., so as not to unmask himself ahead of time. Our fighter knew that by killing an enemy officer, he had already fulfilled his duty, and no one would drag him to court or under investigation. A seasoned fascist will not turn out to be a “peaceful peasant” who, out of necessity, puts on shoulder straps and just wanders around the positions in search of a cow. War is war, it is clear where your friends are and where your enemies are. During an offensive, snipers usually did not attack. No matter how much I dug through the archives, I did not see any mention of sniper work in the development of success. I know for sure that they worked from their positions and elevations through the back of the advancing infantry. Thus, the Great Patriotic War is the only example of “lying for many days in the cold and hunger for the sake of one single shot.”

About the sniper platoon

What are the current realities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which received last years the so-called “new look”. It turns out that sniper platoons have appeared in the states of motorized rifle and airborne brigades!

I have a question: for what? As we now see military operations in the event of a real great war or a simple local conflict? We are moving away from old dogmas. At numerous training camps, we, officers at least at the level of brigade commander, were shown “new ways” of conducting combat operations. For example, an air assault brigade is leading an offensive with several separate battalions in its front line, bypassing fortified areas and areas and breaking through into operational space with the support of attack aircraft, helicopters and artillery. Pockets of resistance are bypassed from the flanks and left to be torn to pieces by high-precision weapons - artillery and bomber aircraft. Why then use snipers during deep raid operations of battalions? How will this platoon be used?

When conducting defense it becomes even more interesting. The line of contact between troops will now occupy a width not of several hundred meters, but of several kilometers, which consists of the range of artillery at all levels: from the brigade to the operational command level, the range of hitting targets with missile troops, mining strips, obstacles, the range of technical reconnaissance equipment and much more. Major exercises with a defensive theme showed just this. That is, the target ranges for snipers will already be beyond 1000 meters. Based on the performance characteristics of the SVD, what follows? That's right, we need another rifle, the same B-94. Will our defense industry be able to provide all brigade sniper platoons with long-range rifles? Unlikely. They also need sights, both night and day. Accordingly, we need our own training program for sniper platoons, observation and target designation devices, communications equipment and much more. How will the snipers of an individual platoon be used? If we think logically, they will be assigned to companies. Does the commander of a company or platoon need them in his sector of defense? They have a lot of problems of their own, and then there is a sniper or a sniper pair who are pursuing their specific goal - to destroy officers of any level, gun crews, the same snipers, signalmen and everyone else. As with the current unification field uniform distinguish the same officer from a distance of more than a kilometer? So, you need to know him by sight. It’s much simpler here - the signalman constantly runs with our commander. It’s more difficult for an adversary - after all, a portable antenna is built into the helmet. It is unlikely that the commander of a company standing on the defensive will know who is opposite him. Although if the brigade’s intelligence chief and all the brigade’s intelligence agencies are really working, this information is not so difficult to obtain. But identifying someone who needs to be destroyed by sight is much more difficult.

So our sniper will shoot everything he sees. But, I think, not for long. Considering the saturation of the front line with technical reconnaissance means, UAV surveillance, a sniper will most likely be detected after the first shot, and either an unguided missile from a drone, or a mortar, or even an artillery salvo will hit his position. Will the comrade company commander be happy with such a “hello” from the enemy?

Well, there’s nothing to think about the role of a sniper in an offensive, given the above. After all, he will not even have time to choose a position, since his battalion will go forward to the flank, covering the fortified area, and will rush further.

Control of areas of special attention in the local conflict zone

I’ll still try to figure it out myself, since higher-level specialists don’t explain anything about this to me. I will just think about the units and units of the Special Forces with which I am best familiar.

So, in a special forces detachment we have a number of snipers or even a separate unit. We take a unit in addition to regular reconnaissance snipers in groups. A special forces detachment in the area of ​​settlement of a conflict, by decision of the group commander, is assigned its own area of ​​responsibility. It is divided into areas of special attention, and those are accordingly distributed among companies and groups. Accordingly, in the area there are settlements that are used by “partisans” of various stripes. You need to eat, you need to keep in touch, relatives, ideologists, and messengers will not live in dens in the forest for months. And the “partisans” themselves come out to work for a short period, so to speak, “at the call of the trumpet.”

What do I suggest? Let's start in order

The area of ​​special attention is the most ordinary: several settlements, mountainous and wooded areas, replete with trails, water sources and everything else for the comfortable existence of “partisan formations”. You can make transitions, you can build base areas, and equip hiding places. He fought - and went home, to his relatives and his daily affairs. Comfortable. Look at any map, you can choose as many such areas as you like. In order to curb the movement of any illegal people in these places, you simply need to block all entrances and exits, paths, paths and bridges leading from populated areas. But it is not necessary to block it as usual - with a checkpoint or checkpoint, which in a month will lose its relevance, since a lot of concessions will arise: contracts, money, other routes, etc. As a result, the mode of work and service will soon become known to everyone.

Therefore, exits must be blocked secretly. I propose such a micro-military organism as a sniper group (SG). In the diagram, SGs are indicated by red circles. The typical composition of the SG is:

Sniper, the main performer, he is also a tool. It is possible to arm several types of sniper rifles from SVD and VSS to V-94. His task is to destroy the identified defendants;

The group commander, who is also the main observer.

Than from small arms armed, doesn't matter. His main weapon is surveillance devices. IN intelligence units The US Marine Corps has such a device as an optical reconnaissance station. This is exactly what we need too. The optical-electronic device must have good resolution and be able to measure the distance to the target. But its main task is to capture a picture (photograph it digitally), automatically check the “person of interest” with the database available on the group commander’s PDA (laptop), and issue the initial result of the check. If necessary, transmit the resulting image in real time with minimal delays and high speed to the detachment’s VPU. For processing by an operational officer. Transmit through a repeater or, if there is a stable connection with the ability to transmit graphic data, to higher authorities for subsequent decision;

A signalman with a radio station with batteries and antennas. Organizes all types of communication, including a channel for transmitting graphic data;

Scout. His task is fire support, security, defense, etc.

A total of four people with the necessary equipment and weapons. The SG can operate autonomously from five days to a week. Although it is better that duty in your position area lasts no more than three days. The sniper and commander will thus be replaced by the rest of the group for rest. And so there are nine such sniper groups. Nine multiplied by three days equals twenty-seven days. It turns out to be almost a month, we add three days for unforeseen delays, weather conditions and difficulties in transitions of changing groups. In total, there will be thirty-six fighters in 9 sniper groups made up of four people. All of them are combined into one reconnaissance detachment of the Special Forces. If the terrain and distances allow, then this detachment can not be withdrawn, but kept at the point of temporary deployment.

Other combat formations of the detachment:

Fire support group. By decision of the detachment commander, it may include both mortar crews and heavy machine gun crews, including aircraft gunners and artillery spotters;

Communication group for data transmission, based on terrain conditions and the presence of radio invisibility zones of terrain profiles and other things;

Support group. It must include a paramedic and, by decision of the detachment commander, any other specialist;

RG Special Forces staff. She is engaged in reconnaissance “on her own”, works with technical reconnaissance equipment, sets up mine-explosive barriers, organizes security and defense, carries out a meeting of the SG, if necessary, provides fire support and return in case of unforeseen situations;

The detachment commander and operational officer, who are entrusted with the overall management of the detachment, decision-making, and communication with higher authorities.

If necessary, crews of small-sized radio reconnaissance equipment or UAVs can be assigned to such a reconnaissance detachment for better control of the situation in the area. In total there are about sixty people.

The reconnaissance detachment is withdrawn by any means: air, ground or sea. Measures are taken to conceal intentions, deployment is organized, communication is established with the combat control center and with supporting units, after which the RO begins to carry out tasks of covertly blocking populated areas.

Such covert blocking of areas in combination with previously planned targeted measures by other departments can give good results. The “partisans” will be forced to look for other areas and places of transition, their plans will be disrupted. Well, some of the leaders may be destroyed. But this is my personal opinion, with which you may not agree.

Summarizing

In conclusion, I would like to note that, in my opinion, it is better to use snipers, as always, as part of a unit and only according to the target designations of the group (platoon) commander, while not letting them go far from you.

So the stories “about lying in the mud for many hours for the sake of a single shot and the melancholy character of the sniper, his special psychological readiness to murder" - from the realm of fiction, they have nothing to do with reality. Or does anyone have a different opinion?

It is no secret that in connection with the introduction of special sniper units into the combined arms formations of the Ground Forces, the formation of a phased and multi-level system for the selection and training of snipers began in the troops. After completing the stage of recruiting individual sniper companies, all snipers will undergo special training in training centers every 3-4 years. For the newly formed sniper training schools, training programs have been developed that provide for mastering a set of knowledge, abilities and skills, including artillery fire adjustment, army aviation guidance and counter-sniper training. The instructors, from among whom the sniper training schools that will be newly formed by December 1 at the district training centers (DTCs) will be staffed, have completed a special cycle of fire training (COTS) in the city of Solnechnogorsk.

At the finish line, a trained sniper will be able to act both as part of a unit and independently (or in pairs). The formation of sniper units in the Ground Forces, staffed by professional contract soldiers and undergoing systematic training in sniper schools at the Educational Training Center and at the Central Coordination Center (Solnechnogorsk), is scheduled to be fully completed in 2016.

Due to the variety of fire missions performed, sniper units are armed with several types of rifles with different indicators of basic combat properties. In addition, each sniper is issued a personal weapon - a pistol. In addition to weapons and sights, the sniper pair is equipped with optical-electronic surveillance equipment - a small-sized laser reconnaissance device, binoculars and means for determining the initial data for shooting. Individual and group equipment of a sniper pair includes a sniper complex, uniforms, equipment and other equipment necessary to perform tasks and maintain life.

We managed to get into one of these newly formed separate sniper companies (27th Motorized Rifle Brigade) in order to find out how combat shooting of snipers is carried out, including in pairs and with the use of fire support, what happens in tactical and special training (movement, equipment and camouflage of the firing position ), why psychological testing of snipers is needed and what is the situation with medical training.

Several qualifications have been introduced for future fighters of individual sniper units, one of which is psychological. A specially trained civilian psychologist (formerly an officer), using established methods for predicting a soldier’s behavior at the early stages, identifies people who do not have the proper level of neuropsychic stability. Testing is ordinary. Each candidate receives a form, the psychologist reads out the questions and statements, and the subject answers. For example, one of the tests, consisting of 86 questions, allows you to divide all candidates into 4 groups. Of these, only those included in groups 1 and 2 can be recommended for enrollment with subsequent admission to combat sniper weapons. Psychological selection during recruitment, as the psychologist said, is very strict.

After enlisting in a sniper company, a psychologist monitors each soldier individually. If necessary, individual lessons are again conducted with the sniper, during which an indicator such as, for example, “determination” can be adjusted and the necessary recommendations can be given. If adjustments are not possible and serious questions of psychological suitability arise, the psychologist may make a proposal to remove the sniper from service in a separate sniper company. Individual therapy is possible, and this type of therapy is typically provided weekly in small groups. They don’t bring anything “cinema” into a sniper’s mental training: no one eats live frogs or wraps the enemy’s warm intestines around their fist. They say that such training is not required for a modern military sniper.

The main qualities that a psychologist works to consolidate and develop are determination, courage, and adequate response to any new situations. Particular attention is paid to the actions of the sniper in a future battle, the most important of which is clear and quick prioritization.

"SVD" 7.62 mm Dragunov sniper rifle

Contract sergeant Velmatkin. After serving in the army conscript service not a sniper at all, demobilized, thought about it and returned to the army again. I wanted to be a sniper. And became.

Soldiers should be able to prepare this kind of camouflage suits with masks for themselves, preferably from improvised means. The main task is to hide the silhouette of the fighter and weapon, to protect the face and hands. Of course, there are a lot of special suits on sale today, but as the pros say, there are no really good ones that don’t require modifications or “customization.” And the price tag is usually invigorating. You will have to pay 5-6 thousand. It is, of course, available if you are an airsoft manager (this is without irony or jokes, if anything). What if a contract sergeant? Those who want to make a suitable and correct suit for themselves can come here . By the way, my friends from the police special forces, who fought a lot.
To begin with, the snipers, led by a young officer, demonstrated standard measures to camouflage their position. The situation was greatly complicated by weather conditions - snow fell overnight and began to melt in the morning. Wet, dirty, not autumn or winter. But it's raining. The snipers had to wriggle out as if in battle. A white camouflage coat is not suitable for areas not covered with snow, and a green one is not suitable for snow-covered areas. To the question - “what to do if you need to immediately go into battle?”, the officer said that instead of a white coat, bandages and underwear would do, and instead of green ones, equipment that was not visible from the side would be “beds” and special barriers.
The first of the snipers chose a place for the future “lying down”. The hole, sufficient to hide a lying person, was covered with heat-insulating “foam” and a raincoat. The fighter lies on his stomach and nests in a way that is convenient for him, and his comrade covers the person lying with a simple mat. We are, of course, talking about a wicker made from “local” branches, twigs and lumps of snow. flat design. Approximately above the head of the lying sniper, a hummock is arranged using the same method. The sniper thrusts his rifle into this very bump so that the field of fire and observation can be seen through the sight. In such cases, the barrel is bandaged so that the blued rifle does not stand out in the snow. A sniper can spend from several hours to several days in such a shelter.

Depending on the length of stay, a reserve is made for the volume of the shelter so that the lying fighter can warm up a little, eat, and drink. In winter, being in such a bed, as they said, is surprisingly not cold, unless, of course, the sniper has properly insulated himself. “Local” spruce spruce branches are excellent for insulating under a raincoat. A small hole for ventilation allows you to breathe, and if you also light a candle inside the “bed” that is closed on all sides, it becomes warmer. Including in the soul, as the sniper officer said. An affirmative answer was received to the question about natural needs. Yes. Where to go?

A nearby open position was occupied by a sniper with a white paper mask on his face (cheap and cheerful) and a piece of wire tied to a dummy. The dummy is additionally equipped with a micromirror responsible for bright reflections. I pulled the wire and the mirror glared. An enemy sniper may well shoot at the flash, and then he will be identified by simple observation. Well, then, depending on your luck.
A simple wire structure with branches and tufts of dried grass woven into it was installed in an open field. Even if there is no fish at all, this camouflage is good. It is light, mobile and, with skillful manufacture, impenetrable to an outside observer.
Old, broken armored vehicles are an excellent place to equip a position. Often snipers prepare so-called “stumps” for themselves. This can be either a real hollow stump or a handmade stump on a frame. From under it you can observe without fear of being noticed, and shoot if necessary. Of course, all snipers know about “stumps,” which is why before entering a position they are often “shot through” independently or with the help of infantry. It is never a bad idea to protect yourself from enemy snipers. Sniper shelters are often armored with our own resources and improvised means. In general, there are no limits to tricks. Nowadays the wire “spider” is in use. Metal rods on one bolt, assembled into a structure reminiscent of an umbrella. Lay it out, camouflage it, cover it up - that’s it, the position is ready. You observe from there, you have found a goal - it’s a pity and go to a new place. Disguise is life.
After the camouflage lesson we moved on to the obstacle course. A sniper pair, represented by a fighter with a sniper rifle and a soldier with a machine gun (there may be a second sniper in his place), had to quickly overcome open space with obstacles, covering each other with fire. Soldiers from the support group provided explosions, smoke and shooting, trying to somewhat complicate the actions of the sniper pair. Some obstacles in the field were set on fire for greater naturalism.
Snipers conduct combat operations as part of, for example, a motorized rifle unit. This means that a rifleman, a machine gunner, a grenade launcher, a radio operator, a gunner and other important guys are going on the attack (or sitting on the defensive - it doesn’t matter). A full-time medical instructor is with them. That is, in the event of a wound on the battlefield, one of the comrades will be able to carry the wounded, and a first aid specialist will provide this same assistance in the shortest possible time, which is why he is appointed in each unit. Another thing is the work of a sniper pair consisting exclusively of a pair, outside the combat formations of the unit. Two people work separately from everyone else, sometimes at a considerable distance from their own. And in case of injury, there will be no one to provide even first aid. Except for yourself and your partner. All that remains is self- and mutual assistance - there are no other options.

The most common task in this case is to determine where the soldier is wounded and how to help him. The sniper has few means of providing assistance - mainly a tourniquet and an individual dressing package. And, in general, that’s all. There are no syringe tubes with promedol. In combat conditions, things can (and, I hope, will) be different.

A special exercise was devoted to practicing the skill of quickly evacuating a wounded sniper from a dangerous zone with his partner. Noticing that a soldier is in trouble, a colleague approaches him on his belly, finds out how and where he was wounded, applies a tourniquet, stops the bleeding and bandages his comrade with individual bags. When the bleeding has stopped, and there is no immediate danger of death from the injury or blood loss, it is necessary to evacuate the wounded. During the evacuation process, the sniper must try to perform all his actions unnoticed by the enemy, bending down as low as possible and using available funds camouflage. In our case, the wounded sniper was conscious according to the conditions of the task, so he was instructed to hold both sniper rifles on himself and help while crawling, pushing with his “good” leg.

The actions to evacuate the wounded were observed by a medical officer and a guard lieutenant of the medical service. In his opinion, the task was completed with a “satisfactory” rating. First medical aid was provided quickly, correctly and in the proper volume, but at the crawling stage the fighters did not bend low enough to the ground and were a good target for the enemy.

Then, according to plan, everyone proceeded to the shooting range past the elegant green “tanks”. The snipers shot in a prone position from conventional SVDs with conventional quadruple PSOs at a distance of 100 meters. The distance is not typical, but given the number of film crews and the desire of all those present to reach the targets after shooting, it is convenient for everyone.

After the shooting, at the command of the deputy commander of the 27th separate motorized rifle brigade, Lieutenant Colonel Dmitry Aksenov, everyone moved to the targets.

Comrade Sergeant fired accurately and accurately. Well done!

Here the result is worse. But the sniper is also a beginner, just learning.

At the end of the race, I was able to talk with one of the officers of a separate sniper company. The following issues were discussed:

What problem can an ordinary soldier, trained as a sniper, solve with his ordinary rifle?
Can confidently hit a target at a range of 200-500 meters. At these distances, all standard exercises are practiced as planned. In a real battle, a shot at a distance of more than 500 meters is simply impractical. For what? And such a situation rarely happens. During military operations in the city, it is completely excluded. And we must not forget about the need to identify the target as an enemy. The four-fold PSO sight mounted on the SVD rifle does not really allow this. How to make a decision to hit a target without being sure that the target is the same?

How often do shootings take place? Do you shoot a lot in your company?
In our unit, shooting takes place two to three times a week. The minimum is weekly, but this is rare. The unit is newly formed, so the attention to us is appropriate; we need to train our personnel intensively. Let's cook. We don't spare cartridges.

Are there any sniping “stars” among new sniper recruits?
Eat. About 10 percent shoot really well and show outstanding results. Practice in this matter is not enough, you also need talent. So there are excellent shooters among seasoned contract soldiers with extensive experience and among conscripts who, before their service, never came close to sniper weapons. Sniper is a calling. You need to feel this and be able to control yourself. This is truly a necessary condition. Emotions, breathing, mood - everything should be in harmony with the rifle. The basics of marksmanship training are taught to the fighter using standard tools, for example, command boxes KYA-73 and KY-83 allow you to clearly and intelligibly convey information about the conditions necessary for an accurate shot. This is both the theory and practice of aiming. Later we move on to live fire exercises.

How about hitting a target the size of, say, your head? Distance - kilometer.
Much depends on the weapon, on the sight, on the position, on the strength of the wind, on experience. In general, it happens. Not a miracle. Especially in order to set a personal sports record.

What can you say about SVD? Good rifle?
How can I say it for sure? I think the weapon is immortal. And its advantages in practice outweigh any idle talk. I think it is morally outdated, but for widespread use in the army it is still “just right.” There is no need to compare it with custom foreign rifles equipped with multi-thousand-dollar sights - after all, there is nothing like this in large quantities in the army and never will be. But there is an SVD with PSO. And for its tasks it is still an excellent tool. Those who wish, as elsewhere, apparently in the army, can buy any sight for their own. Yes, there is such a practice, we constantly try something new. Personally, I am not a supporter of such “weighting”; I believe that the simpler it is, the more reliable and better it will be.

A very important detail - the SVD rifle is difficult to damage through inept handling. Sometimes there is no time to clean. In really extreme conditions - I took off my sock, hastily cleaned the dirty mechanism, it will work. When conditions are normal, there is no time pressure - mandatory cleaning after each use. If the rifle still breaks down or behaves strangely, it is officially sent to a weapons workshop for repairs. After the repair - again the fitting-tuning-shooting procedures. I can't remember a rifle that was damaged by poor handling. Wear and tear - yes. Nothing lasts forever.

Are any specially selected cartridges used during preparation?
No, only those that come in zinc with the inscription “Sniper”. Normal cartridges. Reliable. But there are all sorts of single people - bumps often happen.

Is the rifle assigned to a specific fighter?
The rifle is assigned to each fighter individually. He prepares the weapon “for himself” - he customizes it, leads it to a normal battle, shoots it, cleans it, grooms it and cherishes it.

Is there any rivalry within the military team?
There is some informal competition among the fighters; the spirit of rivalry, of course, is inherent in the male team. Usually everyone knows who is capable of what, if a person shoots well - of course, he enjoys authority among his comrades. Shooting straight is prestigious.

If necessary, is it possible to make a decent sniper from an ordinary soldier taken at random?
Most likely no. Snipers are the elite. Everyone can't be the best. And besides, in fact, snipers, there are many other needs. We need smart soldiers for relief groups, cover, and reconnaissance. Of those who have already joined the ranks of snipers, some are leaving. There is always sifting out. I changed my mind, I couldn’t cope, I’m unfit for the job. Such people are simply transferred to other units, for example, to ordinary motorized rifles.

Is some foreign experience used in training our snipers? Is there anything new in sniper business?
In my opinion, all the most important things have long been invented. Sniper business is very painstaking. You need to carefully and especially for yourself “sharpen” the experience that has been accumulated for a long time. The memories of Red Army snipers help a lot in this matter. From exactly foreign experience- we found the German educational film about sniper training, made for training Wehrmacht snipers, useful. For example, the wire fan as the basis for frame camouflage was borrowed from there. We are studying the memories of our veteran snipers and scouts, that’s for sure. Fortunately, they are now on the Internet.

What other types of training are required for a sniper, besides physical, shooting, medical and psychological?
For example, a sniper undergoes additional engineering training. It cannot be said that it is very deep, but it is quite capable of detecting, for example, a mine. Disposal of an explosive object is not the task of a sniper. If he finds it, he’ll just go around it or mark it. Well, engineering reconnaissance has not been canceled.

What does a sniper usually carry with him on a mission?
The less load a sniper carries, the better. The main cargo is weapons, ammunition, instruments, water, food. Sometimes, if conditions allow, a walkie-talkie. The food is very ordinary. Packed rations, chocolate, stewed meat.

How does a sniper feel when he hits an enemy?
There is no remorse or horror. There is satisfaction from a well-done task that was taught. He did his job perfectly - well done, rejoice. What is there to worry about? (Hmm, who killed more than one German from his SVT during the war - the author.)

How do snipers get hit?
Voluntarily. At your own request. After a tough selection, of course. Only those who want to serve us. This is in our own interests. We have a special purpose unit, we need, in addition to discipline, personal aspirations. People come, of course, different ones. There are more sensible ones. From ordinary, but professionally suitable, we make good and excellent snipers. And about the “elite” - this is not just said. This “ideology” is imposed on the recruit, it is extremely important, without it it is difficult to develop and self-develop as a warrior. Yes, some people, as they say, take wings; a sniper rifle, again, not everyone gets it. They even say: only the sniper has a rifle, the rest have weapons. Well, we have distinctive signs. These are chevrons. Chevron must be earned. Only two companies in the entire brigade wear them - snipers and release companies. Chevron is truly prestigious. A great reason to be proud of yourself. The soldiers understand this.

*****

During the sniper run, not only snipers worked in pairs, but also photographers. .
All photos in one gallery
Press Club of the Moscow Region- thanks for stopping by. There, on the link, there is a video from the Zvezda TV channel.

Statistics knows everything, about everything and everyone. The same is true with sniping. According to accurate statistics, during the Second World War the Allies had to spend up to 25,000 rounds of ammunition for each destroyed German, while a trained sniper needed only 1.3 bullets for this purpose.

Even during the First World War, the increased effectiveness of artillery fire and the widespread use of automatic fire led to the large-scale use by almost all armies of the warring countries to protect personnel of various kinds of shelters, field fortifications, etc. This necessitated the allocation of particularly accurate shooters - snipers, who could, while observing the battlefield and fortified enemy lines, destroy individual enemy soldiers and officers, preventing their observation and movement. However, camouflage in enemy armies became more and more improved over time, so it was necessary to bring to the level of art the ability and skill of the shooter to observe the battlefield and measure distances to targets. Due to the fact that it became increasingly difficult to find camouflaged targets on the battlefield with the naked eye, accurate shooters needed special means of observation. They began to provide additional shooting training to snipers, equipping them with surveillance devices and camouflage suits. Small targets and their distance required the creation of special weapons for snipers, adapted for marksmanship. And such a weapon was created. However, not only special weapon determined the success of a sniper, in addition to this, the ability to shoot accurately was also required, which, in turn, was determined by three main conditions: the ability to correctly aim and fire a shot; appropriate physical and psychological preparation, as well as the instinct of a shooter.

During the Great Patriotic War the decisive superiority of Soviet snipers over the enemy was revealed. Immediately after the end of the war, the Main Directorate of Combat Training (GUBP) ground forces The Red Army, relying on significant combat experience, took up the task of radically improving the issues of infantry training, including snipers. At one of the meetings, the experience gained in combat operations of snipers during the war years was analyzed in detail and a number of new proposals were put forward to improve their training.

The experience of the Great Patriotic War has shown that targets on the modern battlefield, as a rule, are camouflaged, hidden in various fortifications and appear only very a short time. This especially applies to targets such as officers, observers, snipers, machine gunners, who can have a decisive influence on the success of the attack. That is why they must be struck immediately.

The listed targets could not always be identified by ordinary shooters and machine gunners. This required a specially qualified fighter - a reconnaissance observer, equipped with an appropriate observation device and able to find the most important one from a mass of targets. Since the targets appeared for a very short time, naturally, ordinary shooters could not be entrusted with defeating them. Consequently, the reconnaissance observer himself had to be able to hit the target instantly, at the moment of its appearance. The sniper became such a fighter, combining a reconnaissance observer and a fighter shooter.

TASKS OF SNIPERS IN BATTLE

The task of snipers was usually assigned by the immediate superior. But sometimes, if the situation required it, snipers received instructions from the commander of the company, battalion and even regiment. The snipers chose firing positions at their own discretion, using the terrain and local objects.
At the front, Soviet snipers were usually assigned the following combat missions. In an offensive battle: destroy officers, messengers, snipers, tank destroyers and enemy observers, crews of guns and anti-tank rifles, and when success develops in the depths of enemy defenses and pursuit of the enemy, crews of heavy machine guns, especially flanking and dagger-action ones, officers, snipers, gunners direct fire guns, observers and artillery fire spotters; fire at the embrasures of pillboxes, bunkers, armored caps, periscopes and stereo pipes; observe the enemy and indicate (with tracer bullets) targets to other fire weapons. In a defensive battle: destroy officers, messengers, snipers, patrons, scouts and observers of the enemy, crews of his machine guns, guns, anti-tank rifles, crews of knocked out or set fire to tanks; fire at low-flying aircraft, viewing slots of tanks, armored vehicles, armored personnel carriers; on instructions from commanders to observe the enemy. In addition, snipers in offensive and defensive positions were given limited tactical tasks to protect flanks and joints from counterattacks and from enemy infiltration.

Basically, these tasks corresponded to the provisions of the infantry combat regulations. However, combat practice has shown that either some of the listed tasks are beyond the capabilities of snipers, or their implementation is impractical. For example, only mass fire, not individual fire, is effective against the viewing slots of tanks and descending enemy aircraft. sniper shot; reliable cover of the flanks could be ensured by the deployment of a sufficiently strong guard with anti-tank weapons, and not just snipers; target designation with tracer bullets unmasked the sniper's position and deprived him of the opportunity to remain there to perform a further task. Based on war experience, it was revealed that target designation with tracer bullets from sniper rifle is inappropriate, since the trail of these bullets is barely noticeable and does not attract the attention of those receiving target designation.

Preference for target designation was given to a series of bullets (burst) from an easel (light) machine gun. The use of snipers as observers was allowed only in exceptional cases, since ultimately a sniper is, first of all, a fighter who solves a combat mission with fire.

GOALS AND DISTANCES

The main targets for snipers were: in offensive combat - the upper part of the head (15x20 cm), the head (25x20 cm), the head figure (25x30 cm), the observer (20x25 cm), the stereo tube (15-18x8 cm ), periscope (20×8 cm), embrasures various types(20×25-80 cm), figures running along the passages of communication (50-60-80×50 cm), light machine gun in position (40x60 cm), heavy machine gun in position (50x80 cm), gun in trench (160x70 cm); in defensive battle - head (25x20 cm), head figure (25x30 cm), observer (20x25 cm), chest figure (50x50 cm), light machine gun (50x60 cm), heavy machine gun ( 60×80 cm), running figures (50×150 cm), crawling figures.

Targets for snipers in offensive combat were usually hidden in trenches and other engineering structures and carefully camouflaged. Moving targets appeared for short periods of time (4-6 seconds) at a movement speed of 2-3 m per second. The main firing distances in an offensive (when breaking through a defense) are limited by the distance of friendly troops to the line of the firing shaft or the distance between the two main trenches (i.e., they do not exceed 400 m). When fighting in depth or when attacking on the move, as well as during pursuit, the distances increased to 600 m. Most small targets were within 250-300 m.

In a defensive battle, the targets that snipers had to hit were larger, mostly open and moving. Smoke in target areas from exploding shells and mines and dust from them made observation and firing difficult. In positional defense during a lull in the battle, the nature of the targets remained the same as in an offensive battle. Firing distances are up to 800 m. Therefore, the maximum firing distance of a sniper is 800 m. However, most often the sniper fired aimed fire at a distance of up to 600 m.

In offensive battles, as in defense, it was also recommended to use snipers best in pairs: one fires, the other observes. To do this, they had to be located at such a distance from each other that they could maintain not only visual, but also vocal communication with each other.

Thus, in one of the battles, the advance of our rifle units was greatly slowed down by well-camouflaged flanking enemy machine guns, which fired alternately. The commander of the advancing guards unit ordered snipers to be sent to his right flank with the task of suppressing enemy firing points.

Guard snipers Sergeant Budenkov and Guard Sergeant Khandogin crawled forward to the right of their unit and, positioned 50 m from each other, began to observe. Soon one of the enemy machine gunners opened fire. Budenkov noticed him - the Germans were shooting from the ruins of the building. The sergeant-major determined the distance by eye, set the sight, adjusted for the side wind, and with the first shot put the gunner out of action. A few minutes later, another machine gun crew and sniper Khandogin were destroyed.

As the unit advanced, both snipers, remaining on the flank, successively changed firing positions, firing at officers, machine gunners and other important targets. The effectiveness of their fire is eloquently demonstrated by the following data: over several days of fighting, Budenkov and Khandogin suppressed 12 German machine guns and destroyed more than 50 Nazis.

Single snipers and sniper groups, consisting of 3-5, and sometimes all snipers of the unit, were also widely used in offensive combat. Thus, in one of the regiments, the reconnaissance party’s actions were supported by a large sniper group. With concentrated fire, snipers disabled enemy firing points that prevented the scouts from carrying out their combat missions.

The commander of another unit successfully used a group of snipers to repel a German flank counterattack. He sent machine gunners and 5 snipers from his reserve to meet the counterattacks. While the machine gunners were closing in on the enemy, the snipers, with accurate fire from the spot, knocked out several officers and non-commissioned officers. The Germans stopped in confusion. At this time, our machine gunners opened fire, having managed to get close to the actual fire range of their weapons. The enemy, having suffered losses, retreated.

The fact of the Soviet “sniper offensive” is also known. On one section of the front, several dozen snipers with continuous accurate fire forced the enemy to leave two lines of trenches. One can also give a typical example of the actions of single snipers in battles for populated areas.

Our rifle unit knocked the enemy out of the corner building, from where we could see the square and two streets (one of which led to a bridge over the river). The unit commander ordered the commander of the machine gun crew, Sergeant Vatagin, to take a position in the attic and close the enemy’s retreat to the opposite bank with fire. A Belykh sniper was left in the attic along with the machine gunners.

Vatagin performed his task masterfully. In a short period of time, he shot several dozen Nazis. However, the machine gun position was discovered. From the opposite house, the Germans opened fire from a heavy machine gun. The second number of Boychenko's crew was seriously wounded.

The Belykh sniper shot down an enemy machine gunner with a well-aimed shot from the dormer window. The Germans dragged the machine gun to another apartment and began to install it near the door opening onto the balcony. The sniper was ahead of the enemy: with several shots he destroyed the enemy machine gunners. In the next half hour, Belykh killed several more enemy soldiers and one officer who were trying to disable our firing point. Then the Germans rolled out onto the square anti-tank gun and fired three shots into the attic. Both of our machine gunners were wounded by shell fragments, Boychenko for the second time. The sniper came to the rescue again. He opened fire through a hole in the roof, killing the gunner and the soldier who replaced him. The surviving German artillerymen hurried to take cover.

Soon several of our machine gunners came to the aid of the sniper. The enemy never managed to break through the bridge.

As can be seen from the examples above, single snipers, sniper pairs and groups acted in battle both independently and in cooperation with rifle units, reconnaissance parties, machine gunners, and individual machine guns. Often, snipers interacted with direct fire guns, as well as with mortars. Interaction most often came down to ensuring the advancement of a rifle unit (reconnaissance party) or to ensuring the normal operation of a firing point, the survivability of which was especially important for the attacking side. In turn, rifle units and mortars covered the sniper positions with fire to eliminate the possibility of them being bypassed and captured by the enemy.

SELECTION AND EQUIPMENT OF A FIRE POSITION

The successful completion of a combat mission by a sniper largely depended on their ability to select a firing position, equip it and camouflage it. War experience showed that the majority of Red Army snipers did this much more skillfully than the enemy. But nevertheless, it was constantly emphasized that the place for shooting should be chosen in such a way that it would provide an opportunity to clearly view the front line of the enemy’s defense; had a natural camouflage background (grass, weeds, bushes, etc.), which could hide the sniper’s actions from enemy observation; if there is no such camouflage background, then it is best to choose a firing position on terrain without landmarks with a monotonous relief that does not attract the enemy’s attention; had hidden approaches or conditions for their creation on the part of its troops.

In conditions of a stable front, when the distance to the enemy did not exceed 400 m, the sniper could equip a firing position in the first trench; if the distance to the enemy exceeded 400 m, then the firing positions should have been moved to the neutral zone. In the latter case, craters, old trenches and trenches, as well as local objects that did not attract the enemy’s attention could be used for firing positions. If the situation allowed, sniper firing positions could be equipped behind the first trench - in the bushes, on a hill, in thickets of trees, etc.
Before the start of the offensive, snipers were to equip firing positions only in the initial trench (at the attack line), and later, in the depths of the enemy’s defense, they were to use captured trenches, ruins of buildings, attics, wrecked tanks and vehicles, breaches in the walls, scatterings of stones (in wooded areas). - rocky terrain). In the forest, it is best to choose firing positions in the depths of the clearing, where the sound of the shot is softened. For the same purpose, in open areas, positions should be chosen in such a way that there would be a ravine in front. To carry out the combat mission in defense, it was necessary to equip 3-4 firing positions, including one main and two to three spare ones.

In addition, if the snipers had time, it was advisable to have one or two false positions. The sniper must take up firing positions before dawn, and if there are hidden approaches, at any time. Their equipment and occupation usually happened like this: on the first day, the sniper studied the battlefield and outlined the location of the position, and with the onset of darkness he equipped it and camouflaged it; on the second day, he critically checked the quality of the equipment and camouflage of the firing position and occupied it at night, before dawn; on the third day he carried out a combat mission.

Experience has shown that the enemy can detect the sniper's position after 3-4 shots. Based on this, it was constantly emphasized that it is advisable for snipers to change their position after 3-4 shots.

During offensive battles, fire was most effective from distances of up to 400 m, since in offensive conditions snipers did not have enough time to prepare accurate data for shooting. The distance to the target was determined using an optical sight or available means. Often, snipers also used the eye method - by laying down sections of terrain 100-200 m deep, as well as according to the degree of visibility of the target. The last method was the simplest and at the same time quite accurate.

The experience of numerous battles showed that the enemy made extensive use of his snipers both in front of the front of our advancing troops and in their rear. In both cases, the Nazis pursued one goal - to disrupt control, weaken the onslaught, and inflict as much damage on us as possible in manpower, especially among the officers. To combat enemy snipers, sniper pairs were usually deployed. When the position of one enemy sniper was discovered, our snipers tried to find his partner (they are usually located 50-100 m from each other) and neutralize both at the same time. During the battle in populated areas the sniper had to have, in addition to the usual supply of cartridges, of which 30-40 percent were cartridges with armor-piercing incendiary bullets, also several hand grenades.

ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS

At the same time, it was emphasized that the existing organization and procedure for using snipers in the Red Army did not fully justify themselves in the war. For example, a sniper pair operating in a platoon combat formation is extremely constrained in the choice of firing positions by a narrow offensive front and a small defense area. In addition, without receiving specific tasks, snipers were often forced to perform the functions of ordinary shooters or, at best, act as liaison officers and observers. Therefore, along with the statutory use of snipers, combined teams and groups of various sizes have become widespread. Such teams were created mainly during periods of calm - in defense - in formations, units and subunits.

However, experience has shown that the creation of combined sniper teams also did not always give the desired results. Therefore, it was suggested that the most appropriate organization would be a permanent sniper group in a rifle company. This group should have included a commander (also an instructor) and 8 snipers. The company commander, organizing the fire system of his company, in this case could use snipers most expediently as part of a group, personally assigning it a task or assigning separate sniper pairs to platoons. The width of the front and the depth of the company's combat formation in the offensive and defensive are sufficient for snipers to successfully use the terrain to select firing positions. It was assumed that combat activity The group will be conducted under the direct supervision and constant control of its commander.

War experience has shown that, regardless of the organizational structure, the main firing unit is the sniper pair (sniper-fighter and sniper-observer). Of course, in some cases, snipers could act alone, for example, in conditions of stable defense, when the parties are in direct contact and the sniper does not need to choose a firing position in the neutral zone.

The use of snipers in pairs allowed for long and continuous surveillance; find targets faster; do not fear for the fate of one of your partners, since the sniper-observer can promptly warn the sniper-fighter about the danger that threatens him or he himself will destroy the enemy who appears suddenly; It is better to observe the results of the fire; better prepare a firing position; apply widely various techniques deceiving the enemy; provide each other with moral support; practically teach a young, novice sniper from the experience of a partner.
To solve a specific problem, snipers can be brought into groups of several pairs. The group use of snipers justifies itself in cases where it is necessary to quickly regain the fire initiative from the enemy in a particular sector of the front line or to hold a critical area where the use of heavy infantry fire weapons is difficult or completely excluded. The actions of sniper groups are also very successful from ambushes and when repelling enemy counterattacks aimed at a specific area of ​​the battle formation.

In all cases, without exception, snipers within a group must act in pairs. Group is a collective, quantitative concept.
As a result of the above, it was concluded that modern combat Along with the massive fire of automatic weapons, an accurate individual sniper shot is also required. Moreover, the actions of snipers can be successful only if they have high combat training. A sniper is not only a skilled marksman and an excellent observer; he must be able to navigate the situation and terrain, select the most important ones from the abundance of various goals. And this must first be taken into account when training snipers.

In conclusion, it was proposed that the permanent organizational unit of snipers in a company should be a squad of 8 people (plus the squad commander), and the firing unit should be a sniper pair. In the process of special training of snipers, serious attention must be paid to the development of combat endurance, the development of visual, auditory and other perceptions, and the development of dexterity and courage.

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If you are having problems with walkthrough of the game Sniper Elite 3, you can always use our advice and information to take action. We describe in detail the steps that need to be taken to completely complete the game. Sniper 3. In the most difficult places we add pictures that can help you. Walkthrough Sniper 3 read on our website.

Siege of Tobruk

The city of Tobruk, which is located in North Africa, is a very important strategic point, so under no circumstances should it be given away. This is where the events of the game begin. Watch the introductory video. A soldier appears and asks you to kill the snipers, go outside, sit down near the wall. Two fascists are marked with a marker, eliminate them. Go downstairs. The shelling continues, find the spotter (he is standing on the mountain) and kill him so that the Germans stop shooting at you with mortars. A short video follows. There is an enemy machine gun on the horizon and it is attached to the car, turn on special vision mode - shoot at the tank or under the hood, this will cause an explosion and all enemies will die.

The task does not end here, you need to find enemy checkpoints. Open the map to see the approximate location of the enemy. Go north through the mountains, climb through the gorge and kill two fascists. Exit the cave. Now you have 4 checkpoints on the map. There are 3-4 Krauts on each of them, just kill them. Try to act carefully and quietly, because it is very easy to kill you. After the clearing is completed, watch the video, which shows how the plane blows up the gorge and the path opens for you. Continue along it.

Gaberun

General Valen - right hand Hitler, he has extremely important information. You need to find at least some data about him. A little time has passed since the loss of Tobruk, but now you will be in the Gaberun oasis. It is through it that the German intelligence officers continue their journey. Go through the bushes, kill the fascist. Now the entire garrison will be visible in front of you, your task is to kill the officer. You can simply clear the camp from above. If this option does not suit you, run left along the path to find yourself in the center of the fascist gathering. Finally, after killing everyone, examine the body of your target.

Now you need to kill three more officers and search their bodies. Go to the river, and then along it. You will stumble upon small fee fascists, throw a grenade at them (there will be an officer in the crowd, don’t forget to examine his corpse). Then go through the ruins, cross the road and go to the tents. Go into the right one, wait for the officer - kill him quietly, also examine the body. Now go to the left side of the garages, blow up cars with ammunition along the way. Go straight ahead. In the distance you will see a temple, your final goal is located there. Continue on the left side through the ruins and then the bushes. Climb through the window of the building, quietly kill the guard and your target. Get a note. Watch the video. There is a German convoy driving in the distance, plant bombs on the road or just shoot at its battery (when the car is in sight). Leave the area through the checkpoint.

Halfaya Gorge

You continue to search for Valen. In order for a friendly squad to move forward, you need to destroy the Nazi camps and anti-tank installations. This is exactly what you will do during the task. Go to the first point, if you look through binoculars, you will notice that there is a red barrel next to the gun - shoot at it. The explosion will destroy your first target. Next, go through the settlement, stick to the rocks that are on the left. At the intersection, go left, and then follow the tropic to the right straight up the mountain. In the hole you will see your second target and another barrel next to it, you probably already understood what to do next. Go right, continue to the left side of the mountains. Climb up, then straight ahead. Eliminate the outpost with 4 Germans. Then go up and to the right again. Kill the guard on the tower. Get to his place. Take the rocket launcher and destroy the last target on your list, which is located in the next gorge. Watch a short video. Go to the exit, on your way you will meet a familiar city and a tank in it. Surround the machine and shoot at the middle openings; after 4 accurate hits, the tank will explode. Reunite with the squad.

Fort Rufigio

The Nazis are holding your partner hostage, he needs to be saved. There are a lot of enemies in this level, so try to be silent and don't kill your enemies unless you have to. First you need to get to the fort. It’s better to go directly through the houses and kill the guards in close combat. Enter the building through the left side. A small video. Throw a grenade at the guys on the right. Go straight and enter the tower. Kill the guard in the right room, examine his body. You need to get to the farthest tower. Walk towards it quietly (although you can make noise, but you will have to shoot a lot and accurately). Having reached the desired tower, go up. Open the cage, talk to the prisoner. Lead him to the place from where you came. Another video. Take a firing position. Now kill the fascists on the way of your comrade.

Oasis Siwa

Walk through the clearing through the bushes into a closed, isolated city. In the central area there is a certain height from which it is easy to follow the Nazis. Go down, go through the labyrinths. They have a lot of enemies, but they are easy to kill because of the huge number of corridors. Climb up the three ladders. Watch a short video. Keep an eye on the three officers, tag them all. One of them will become your target, watch it with binoculars. When the officer receives the documents, kill him. Take the folder from the corpse. Go right, destroy the tank near the gate and unite with the troops. A small video. Kill the remaining fascists in the city and leave it at the end.

Kasserine Pass

Valen's secret base is located in the pass area, you need to get to it and steal important documents from the safe. After the cutscene, go straight through the gorge to the enemy base. You need to destroy 3 small gathering points for fascists. Climb the mountain, shoot the red barrels and watch the Nazis die. Next, go north. Go to Valen's headquarters. Examine the documents on the table. It turns out that important information is in the safe. Go back, find the officer and kill him. Get the codes, go back to the temple and open the safe (kill all the Nazis first). Now you need to meet with your partner. Go to the place where the posts were destroyed. In the video your friend will be killed. You need to destroy the tank (run from one house to another to make it easier to surround it). When you're done, kill a bunch more fascists and bury your friend.

Pont Du Fa airfield

Before you start the last assault, you need to deprive your enemy of military support. Go down, go left to the barracks. quietly walk along the corridor, then left and open the gate to the underground part military base. Get into it through any entrance. Quietly kill the soldiers (you can make noise, help won’t come anyway). Get to the very center, examine the documents and free your allies. Return to the place where the mission started. Eliminate the scout on the tower on the right and the squad of soldiers below it. Go right along the grate, climb the mountain and take a fighting position. In the video, your troops will arrive, kill the Nazis and do not let them destroy the friendly detachment. After you're done, watch another video with military equipment. Destroy 2 tanks and 2 machine gunners (there are no restrictions, try to get a rocket launcher in one of the towers to make it easier to destroy enemy vehicles). Once you're done, go to the hangar and get into the truck.

Factory "Ratte"

You have reached the main factory where Valen is located and the "Rat" is being created. Go along the gorge, eliminate two fascists. Go straight ahead a little more. Kill everyone in the room on the left (try to do everything quietly). Cross the railway to the right side. Eliminate the fascists on both floors. Next you need to return, but first you can clear the hangar opposite you. When you're done, go to him, and then right and straight. Go down the stairs and blow up the first electrical block. Now kill everyone in the hangar on the right and follow the iron path across the abyss again. Further left and straight, beware of the fascists. In the room with the generator, throw a grenade, and run along the bridge on the left, do not forget to send the Germans to the next world. Activate the elevator, watch the video with Valen. Going down you will understand that you need to plant five more bombs to completely destroy the complex. Stick to the left and plant the first two bombs. Return to the elevator, kill the two guards on the right. Go upstairs, quietly kill the Nazis and plant two more bombs. Now go down and go to the tank on the right. Up the stairs, quietly pass the guards and climb up. Plant the last bomb, go down and quickly run to the exit. Once on the street, get rid of the last 10 fascists. Climb the mountain, activate the detonator. Watch another video. The game is over.