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Dwarf lemurs (lat. Cheirogaleidae) are mammals belonging to the family from the suborder Wet-nosed primates. This family, endemic for a significant part of the territory of Madagascar, also includes rat and mouse lemurs.

Description of dwarf lemurs

All living dwarf lemurs are well preserved in some primitive features, making such mammals one of the best living evidence of our origins. Nevertheless, such inhabitants of the tropics of Madagascar are practically not at all like any monkeys well known today and studied by people.

Appearance

Dwarf lemurs are animals with long tails and characteristic, very well developed, bulging eyes. The head of the dwarf lemur is shortened, with a rounded muzzle. The hind legs are slightly longer than the forelimbs, but all the fingers of such a mammal are equally well developed, characterized by the presence of tenacious and sharp claws. Ears of medium size are covered on the outside with sparse and very thin, numerous hairs.

The fur of medium-sized animals is soft, and in some areas - with a pronounced silkiness. On the back, the hair is wavy and quite delicate. Dwarf lemurs inhabiting the tropical forest zones of Madagascar are distinguished by red hair with a brownish tint. All animals living in the dry forests of the western part of Madagascar have predominantly gray fur in the back.

This is interesting! The smallest today are mouse dwarf lemurs, and the average weight of an adult of this species is just over 28-30 grams.

The color of the primate's eyes directly depends on the species, but most often the mammal has orange-red or brown-yellow eyes. Among the thirty species, it is mouse lemurs that are the most famous, since today such animals are most often purchased by connoisseurs of exotic pets as a pet.

Character and lifestyle

All representatives of the family Dwarf lemurs are nocturnal animals that are active only with the onset of the dark time of the day, which is the reason for the large eyes that see perfectly at night thanks to special reflective crystals. During the daytime, such mammals sleep, characteristically curling up into a ball. For sleep or rest, tree hollows and comfortable nests made using grass, small branches and foliage are mainly used.

In zoological parks, dwarf lemurs, along with other nocturnal animals, are kept in special conditions or halls called “Night Primates”. During daylight hours, sufficient darkness is artificially maintained in such rooms, which allows any nocturnal animals to feel comfortable and maintain natural, natural activity. At night, on the contrary, the lights turn on, so the lemurs go to sleep.

All representatives of a relatively large family can be deservedly classified as unique animals among known primates. This opinion is easily explained by the ability of animals to conduct long time in a state of stupor or suspended animation.

During this period, there is a slowdown in metabolism and a noticeable decrease in body temperature, due to which the animal saves a large number of energy. Never hibernating Fork-banded lemurs nest in tree hollows, and sleep and rest exclusively in a characteristic sitting posture, head down between the forelimbs.

With the onset of the warm season, at the stage of preparation for falling into "hibernation", pygmy lemurs begin to actively feed, which increases the weight of the animal by about a couple of times. Fat reserves accumulate at the tail base, after which they are gradually consumed by the lemur's body during the period of suspended animation. IN natural conditions dwarf lemurs prefer to stay alone or may pair up. They very dexterously move by jumping or running along the branches in tree crowns, using all four limbs for this purpose.

How long do lemurs live

Among lemurs, there are differences in overall lifespan. For example, Cockerell mouse lemurs in nature live for about twenty years, and representatives of the species Gray mouse lemurs in captivity live up to fifteen years and even a little more.

Species of pygmy lemurs

To date, the Dwarf lemur family includes five genera, and is also represented by three dozen species, among which the following are the most common:

• Fat-tailed pygmy lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) - have a body length in the range of 6.0-6.1 cm with a tail length of 13.5-13.6 cm and a body weight of 30.5-30.6 g;
• Large dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus major) - are characterized by a fairly short tail, with a noticeable thickening at the base;
• Mouse lemurs of Cockerell (Mirza coquereli) - differ in body length with a head within 18-20 cm with a tail no more than 32-33 cm and a maximum body weight of 280-300 g;
• Pygmy mouse lemurs (Microcebus myoxinus) - are one of the smallest primates with a body weight of 43-55 g with a length of 20-22 cm;
• Gray mouse lemurs (Microsebus murinus) - one of the largest representatives of the genus and have a weight in the range of 58-67 g;
• Red mouse lemurs (Microbus rufus) - are characterized by a mass of about 50 g with a body length in the range of 12.0-12.5 cm and a tail - 11.0-11.5 cm;
• Bertha's mouse lemurs (Microsebus berthae) - endemics of the island state of Madagascar are currently the smallest primates known to science with a body length of 9.0-9.5 cm with an adult weight of 24-37 g;
• Hairy-eared lemurs (Allosebus trichotis) - have a length of up to 28-30 cm with an average weight of not more than 80-100 g;
• Fork-banded lemurs (Рhaner furcifer) - have a body length of 25-27 cm and a tail at the level of 30-38 cm.

This is interesting! In 2012, in the eastern part of the Sahafin forest, located 50 km from the Mantadia National Park area, the new kind- Mouse lemur Herpa or Microbus gerpi.

Six species are assigned to the genus Cheirogaleus or Rat lemurs, and the genus Microsebus or Mouse lemurs is represented by two dozen different species. The genus Mirza is considered to be the smallest today.

Range, distribution

Cheirogaleus medius are common in the western and southern parts of Madagascar, where they inhabit dry and wet deciduous rainforests, giving preference to the lower tier of vegetation. The species Cheirogaleus major lives in forested and wooded dry areas in the east and north of Madagascar, and is sometimes found in the west-central part of Madagascar.

Woolly-eared dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus crossleyi) inhabit the northern and eastern forests of Madagascar, and Sibri dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus sibreei) are distributed only in the east of the island nation. Representatives of the Mirza coquereli species have chosen the arid forests of Western Madagascar. Discovered by Kappeler only in 2005, the Great Northern Mouse Lemur is an animal common in the north of Madagascar.

Microcebus myoxinus is an inhabitant of arid mixed and deciduous forests of the island nation and Kirindi Natural Park, and natural places Microsebus rufus habitats have become secondary and primary forests, including forest belts in tropical coastal zones and secondary bamboo forest areas.

Diet of pygmy lemurs

Almost omnivorous representatives of the family Dwarf lemurs eat not only fruits and bark, but also flowers and nectar, being active pollinators of many plants. Some species are characterized by a short descent to the ground, which allows them to hunt all kinds of insects, as well as quite small animals, including spiders and small birds, frogs and chameleons.

This is interesting! The amount of vegetation is not always sufficient to feed animals, therefore, to replenish their strength, lemurs use a long rest or slow down their motor activity.

Among other things, mammalian primates often indulge themselves by licking the juices of various plants with their relatively long tongue. The teeth of the dwarf lemur have a special structure, therefore they are perfectly adapted for light incision of the tree bark, which stimulates the active flow of plant nutritional juices.

Reproduction and offspring

The active rut in different species of representatives of the family Dwarf lemurs is confined strictly to a certain type of season, and the mating behavior of most of these primate mammals is represented by loud cries and touches to their partner. For example, the breeding season for the fat-tailed pygmy lemur is October. Family relationships can be either monogamous or polygamous.. As a rule, the female brings offspring annually, but the total duration of pregnancy in representatives of different species varies greatly.

After about a couple of months of pregnancy, the female gives birth to two or three fairly well-developed cubs. Pregnancy in large dwarf lemurs lasts a little more than two months, and the offspring that are born are fed with mother's milk for 45-60 days. The species Mirza coquereli bears its cubs for about three months, after which one to four cubs are born. The weight of a newborn dwarf lemur is only 3.0-5.0 grams. Babies are born completely blind, but open their eyes very quickly.

After birth, the cubs hang on their mother's stomach, clinging to the female's fur with their limbs, but adults are able to independently carry offspring in their mouths. Most often, at the age of one month, cubs of the Dwarf lemur can easily and quickly climb plants or trees, but at first they tirelessly follow their mother.

Important! Once the mammal is weaned from breastfeeding, it immediately acquires complete independence.

Mammals primates reach puberty at one and a half or two years, but even at this age the animal maintains close contact with its parent, so the mother makes itself felt with loud cries. During the breeding season, species affiliation is easily determined by the voice data of partners, which effectively prevents the process of hybridization between different types with significant external similarities.

Pygmy mouse lemur (Microcebus myoxinus)

Class - mammals
Order - primates

Family - dwarf lemurs

Genus - mouse lemurs

Appearance

The smallest of the mouse lemurs and one of the smallest primates (the main competitor for this title is the pygmy marmoset). Weight about 300 grams, body length about 20 centimeters, 10 of which are tail. It has a red-brown color on the back and a creamy-white belly.

The muzzle is short, the ears are almost bare, webbed type. The coat color is brownish-red or gray (some with white markings), dark rings around the eyes, emphasizing the large size of the eyes. In mouse lemurs, the navicular and calcaneal bones are elongated, like in African galagos. They also move in the same way, by jumping.

Habitat

It lives in arid deciduous and mixed forests in the west of Madagascar, in the Kirindi Natural Park, where it was discovered. It is believed that the range is wider, but there is no confirmation of this.

Lifestyle in nature

The basis of nutrition: spiders, insects, fruits, nectar, leaves, less often - small frogs and lizards.

There are actually mouse lemurs alone and in pairs, but in captivity they can be kept in large groups. They sleep curled up in tree hollows or in nests made of grass, small twigs and leaves. They are in the same state during the period of hibernation, which they fall into during the dry season. In a favorable (rainy) period, they accumulate fat in different parts of the body, especially at the base of the tail, and in a state of prolonged stupor they use up these fat reserves.

reproduction

The pregnancy of mouse lemurs proper lasts about 60-70 days, the female gives birth to 2-3 blind cubs weighing 3-5 g, the eyes open already on the 2nd day of life.

At 15 days they begin to climb. They become completely independent after 60 days, and reach sexual maturity at 7-10 months. They breed relatively easily in captivity.

For keeping a dwarf lemur at home, any one is suitable, in which there must be tree branches. It is better to make the back of the cage deaf. So lemurs feel safe. The bedding in the rest box should be made of natural cotton wool or dried hay. The place where the cage with your pet will be located should be away from drafts, because lemurs are prone to colds. Otherwise, these animals easily tolerate the climate of the middle zone. It is also very important to keep the cage clean: a domestic lemur will not do this himself and will smell bad. First of all, light cleaning should be done every day, and once a month, wipe the floor with a damp cloth and sprinkle with a fresh layer of sawdust.

A shelter should be installed in the cage where the lemurs can hide from prying eyes and daylight. It is best to use a fur nest envelope, which is convenient to hang in a cage.

Dwarf lemurs are fed most often late in the evening, although it is possible to teach them to eat during the day, but it is better, if the animal does not want to, do not force it. It is most convenient in a deep metal bowl (as for parrots), which is hung on the bars of the cage. Most often, their wake time comes around eight o'clock in the evening, around this time they are served food. Some species of lemurs eat animal food, in this case they have to be fed with boiled meat, various insects, which some catch themselves while walking around the apartment. Also baby food. The main thing is not to overfeed! If you give a lot of bananas, grapes, zofobas, carrots, lettuce, nuts, then the sweetest (bananas and zofobasy) will be eaten. The rest of the necessary things will not be touched. Therefore, you can arrange fasting days and give, for example, only carrots, one almond, and other vegetables. An example of feeding: two zofobas, half a large cockroach (or only one cockroach), one nut, a few pieces of an apple, just a little bit of a banana, a couple of pieces of dates or figs. If there are more insects, then less than the rest. In general, it is better to undereat a couple of times a week.

Give lemurs commercial primate food with a mixture of fresh (mango, apples) and dry fruits, nuts (almonds, hazelnuts), bread, boiled rice, insects (meal beetle, zofobas, cockroaches, crickets, grasshoppers), vitamin supplements. Occasionally they are given dairy-free baby porridge (placed with water and honey can be added).

Should always be fresh water. The drinker can be ball. So that animals do not feel bored and do not lose their appetite, it is very important to provide them with a varied diet.

In captivity, lemurs are calm, they never break anything. This is probably the only species of primate that can be allowed to go outside the cage without much control. They easily become attached to the owner and miss him greatly in his absence.

Lemurs and lorises are small furry creatures with thick fur and large expressive eyes. The search for an exotic pet for most owners of an indoor zoo begins with questions: how much does a lemur cost, where to buy and how to keep it. It is almost impossible to find lemurs in pet stores in Russia, only in online stores and in nurseries.

Lemurs: poppies, vari and others

Exotic animals living on the "island of lemurs" - Madagascar - increasingly began to appear in Russian families. It is preferable that a captive-born lemur be in the house, the price in such cases will be from 40 to 100 thousand rubles. The cost of the animal depends on the type, size, coat color, health status.

Exotic animals are able to breed at home when they are purchased in pairs. In captivity, a young lemur adapts better, it is better to buy a pair for acquiring babies. Males and females get along best in early age, in a mature state, they more often have territorial and food claims to each other.

The strepsirrhine primate species most popular for captive breeding are the 5 families:

1. Actually lemurs: feline ring-tailed (kata, maki), black, red-bellied, mongoose, lemur vari, red vari.
2. Dwarf: gray mouse and pygmy mouse lemurs.
3. Indriya lemurs: indri, sifaka.
4. Loriaceae: large fat lory, pygmy lory.
5. Galagidae: fat-tailed and Senegalese galagos.

Almost all species of strepsirrhine primates are recognized as endangered, many are listed in the Red Book. It is difficult to say how much the ah-ah is worth - the lemur, which has become one of the rarest. It is easier to find red (red) vari in online stores. The price of the largest individuals of this species reaches up to 400 thousand rubles and more.

How to tame a lemur

Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) belongs to the family of lemurs proper. In Madagascar it is known as maki, in Russia it is often called katta. Feline - the most studied and popular of lemurs, the price of one individual is 100–250 thousand rubles. The body length of the catta together with the tail is more than 1 m. The coat color is gray, sometimes brown, the belly is white, there are dark spots around the eyes on the muzzle.

The weight of the ring-tailed lemur reaches 3.5 kg, almost half of the mass falls on a luxurious black and white striped tail. Catta feeds mainly on fruits, sometimes insects. For this mobile lemur, you will have to buy a spacious cage, an aviary, or allocate a room where the animal will inquisitively explore all the nooks and crannies. The record lifespan for a catta in captivity is 37 years.

Lemur vari (Varecia variegata) in the house feels quite tolerable, shows a developed intellect and canine devotion to the owner. Many fans of exotic animals are interested in how much lemurs cost - vari and red - the largest of the family. The length of large individuals is more than 1 m, weight - 4 kg. The diet includes fruits, leaves, and flowers, and life expectancy in captivity on a "fruit diet" is as high as 25–30 years.

Problem for the owner who gave away almost 300 thousand rubles for lemur vari or 420 thousand rubles for the red lemur - buy or build a large aviary in the house. You can consider other options: place the animal in a separate room or in a building on a personal plot. Letting a lemur run around is not a good idea. Primates have no "toilet" habits, there is an irresistible desire to swing on curtains and chandeliers.

The length of the graceful body of the dwarf mouse lemur is 20 cm, 10 of which falls on the tail. Almost half of the sharp fox muzzle is occupied by large eyes, which are set off by dark rings. Dwarf - the smallest of the lemurs, the price of the animal reaches 50 thousand rubles. A tiny animal willingly eats insects and spiders, does not disdain fruits and nectar. The lemur is kept in a cage equipped with tree branches and a shelter in the form of a nest.

Lori and galago

Among wild animals, the pygmy loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) stands out especially for its cuteness and cleanliness. Fans of rare animals often try to find out how much such a lemur costs if it grew up in a nursery. You can buy loris for 55–80 thousand rubles. With good maintenance, he will live in captivity for 12–15 years. You will need a cage equipped with all the "amenities" in the form of tree trunks and a nest.

The Senegalese and thick-tailed Galago are primates related to lemurs, the prices for these animals are the same (65–100 thousand rubles). Painted exotic animals in subtle colors - brown, gray, brown. Galagos jump well due to the special structure of the hind legs and fluffy tail, which plays the role of a balancer. Huge round eyes help the animal to hunt insects at night.

Lemurs, lorises and galagos conquer continents and countries, captivate exotic lovers who are interested in unusual pets. Some conservationists are concerned about the conservation of lemurs, they consider it not the best thing to buy an animal listed in the Red Book. best idea. Others argue that comfortable living conditions in houses and apartments will help increase the number of endangered animals. After all, lemurs tolerate cages and enclosures well, they are not whimsical and are easily tamed.