Verb Do we actually use very often. It is called an auxiliary or auxiliary verb (auxiliary verb).

Today I am going to teach you the basic negative and positive forms of this verb.

The reason this verb causes difficulty is that it changes depending on the subject - more specifically, on the person of the subject.

For example, if you are talking about yourself, then you should say:

Ido

If we use the words “I” (I) or “You” (You, you) we use the basic form of the verb: do

For example:

“Do you? I do.”

With the pronouns “he” (he) or “she” (she), we must use the modified verb: does

She does

This is the only case in which the verb changes. If we want to talk about a group of people, then we need to use the pronoun they (they):

Theydo

If you are talking about yourself and someone else at the same time, then you need to say:

Wedo

Thus, we should only be concerned when we use the verb “do” in conjunction with the pronouns “he” or “she”. But you don't have to worry about it. You just need to remember that with the pronouns "he" and "she" we use does, and in all other cases - do.

Negative verb forms do have similar differences.

If we use the verb do in negative form with pronouns:

I, you, they and we,

We have to say “ don’ t”.

Don’ t- short for donot. But in colloquial English it is rarely said donot. The abbreviation is much more commonly used. don't.

So, with the pronouns I, you, they and we, we use don’ t

For example:

I don't have the cat.

You don't like me.

We don't go there.

Form" does” in negation takes the form “ doesn't’ t”.

For example :

He doesn't like cat.

She doesn't like him.

past tense

Another thing about this beautiful verb is the past tense - the Past.

In the past tense, thank God, the verb do does not change and has one form: did

I, He, She, They and We - " did”.

Negative past tense: “ didn't’ t”

Example:

I didn't like him.

He didn't like a cat.

	Pronoun	positive (+)	Negative (-)
present tense	I You We They	Do	Don't
	He She It	Does	Doesn't
past tense	I You We They He She It	Did	Didn't

English Joke

Mr. & Mrs. Goldberg had just got married. On their way to their honeymoon, Mr. Goldberg said to his new wife, "Would you have married me if my father hadn't left me a fortune?"
She replied, "Darling, I would have married you no matter who had left you a fortune."

At the initial stage of learning English, almost everyone is faced with the question: how to start building an interrogative sentence, when in English language-Is- is used at the beginning of a sentence in a question, and when -Do-? The answer to this question was given to me by the natives themselves, who simply showed the difference with examples. In fact, everything is very simple, you just need to thoughtfully look at these English sentences and you will see for yourself that there is nothing complicated in this.

Do / Does is placed at the beginning of a sentence when it comes to any action: play, eat, do, sleep, etc. In such a sentence, there is always only one semantic verb.

Do you live in Australia? You live in Australia?
Do you like the soup? You like soup?
Do you work? You working?
Do you have a dog? At your place There is dog?

Is / Are is used when we need to talk about the qualities, condition, profession of a person, or the characteristics of inanimate objects.

Are you a teacher? Are you a teacher by profession?
Are you busy? Are you busy?
Is she a nice person? She is a good person?
Is he a good guy? Is he a normal guy?

For a better understanding, compare these sentences.
In the first case, the verb is always present and we clearly see the action.
In the second case, it is a noun - a description of the object.

Do you drive? Do you drive a car?
Are you a driver? You are a driver?

Does she sing? She sings?
Is she a singer? She is a singer?

Do they live in America? Do they live in America?
Are they Americans? They are Americans?

Let's look at others, more complex examples, after which you will not get confused in the construction of interrogative sentences: when to write -Do-, and when -Is-. And at the end of the article, I propose to pass a small test to check the material covered and consolidate this topic.

1. Is he serious? Is he serious?
2. Do you smoke? Do you smoke?
3. Is she nice? How is she, honey?
4. Do you want ice cream? Do you want ice cream?
5. Is that true? This is true?

6. Do you ski? Are you skiing?
7. Is today sunny or grey? Is it sunny or cloudy today?
8. Is she right? She is right?
9. Is he driving now? Is she driving now?
10. Do you drink coffee in the morning? Do you drink coffee in the morning?

Let's complicate the task a bit and add Does / Are

1. Are you sick and tired? Are you sick and tired?
2. Does she like sport? Does she like sports?
3. Are they Jewish or Christian? Are they Jews or Christians?
4. Does your dog bite? Does your dog bite?
5. Are you ok? Are you okay?

6. Does she enjoy knitting? Does she like knitting?
7. Are you a vegetarian? Are you a vegetarian?
8. Does it make you feel good? Are you better?
9. Does it have four legs? Does he have four legs?
10. Does it offend you? Did it hurt/hurt you?

We complicate the task by putting question words at the beginning of the sentence

The order of constructing interrogative sentences with Do / Does is as follows:

The order of constructing interrogative sentences with Are / Is is as follows:

Exercises on Do Is Does Are

Exercise 1

Look for mistakes.

1. Are you happy?
2. Do you like cake?
3. Is he mad at me?
4. Do you agree with me?
5. Do you a doctor?

6. Are he a musician?
7. Are you married?
8. Do you swim?
9. Does she like sushi?
10. Does he watch the movie?

Correct answers for exercise #1

1. Are you happy?
2. Do you like cake?
3. Is he mad at me?
4. Do you agree with me?
5. Are you a doctor?

6. Is he a musician?
7. Are you married?
8. Do you swim?
9. Does she like sushi?
10. Does he watch the movie?

Exercise 2

1) Does she drink juice?
2) Does Katya like sweets?
3) Do you study hard?
4) Is he a good student?
5) Does he often listen to music?

6) Is it a sunny day today?
7) Anya and Katya go to school by bus?
8) Does she have a nice dress?
9) Is this what I need?
10) Is this train going to London?

Correct answers for exercise # 2

1) Does she drink juice?
2) Does Kate like sweets?
3) Do you study hard?
4) Is he a good student?
5) Does he often listen to music?

6) Is it a sunny day today?
7) Do Anna and Kate go to school by bus?
8) Is her dress nice?
9) Is it what I need?
10) Is this the train to London?

Exercise #3

Make affirmative sentences into interrogative ones.
Example: I'm ready —> Are you ready?

1. The water is icy.
2. Is it dangerous?
3. Tomorrow is my birthday.
4. She has a car.
5. It's Russia.

6. He is smart.
7. I use the Internet.
8. He works for Apple.
9. They work in a bank.
10. She is my sister.

Correct answers for exercise # 3

1. Is the water icy?
2. Is it dangerous?
3. Tomorrow is my birthday.
4. Does she have a car?
5. Is it Russia?

6. Is he smart?
7. Do I use the Internet?
8. Does he work for Apple?
9. Do they work in a bank?
10. Is she your sister?

Exercise #4

Ask questions in English.

a) What is the difference?
b) Is it a cat?
c) Is it easy?
d) Does she know English well?
e) Do you have any ideas?

f) Is this a real gun?
g) Is he married?
h) Does she like dogs?
k) Does he have a car?
l) Is he rich?

Correct answers for exercise # 4

a) What is the difference?
b) Is it a cat?
c) Is it easy?
d) Does she know English well?
e) Do you have any idea?

f) Is that a real gun?
g) Is he married?
h) Does she like dogs?
k) Does he have a car?
l) Is he rich?

Exercise #5

Find the right options.
Write all sentences correctly.

1. How often is he visiting Moscow?
2. Are you a funny guy?
3. Is that a cat?
4. Is we live in the US?
5. Is she a hot girl?
6. Does it an interesting book?
7. Is you feeling okay?
8. What do you drive?

Correct answers for exercise # 5

Correct options: 3, 5, 8.

All sentences are correct:
1. How often does he visit Moscow?
2. Are you a funny guy?
3. Is that a cat?
4. Do we live in the US?
5. Is she a hot girl?
6. Is it an interesting book?
7. Do you feel okay?
8. What do you drive?

Exercise #6

Ask questions about this text using Do Is.

I have a pet. It's a dog, a golden Lab. We call her Abbey. She is a very smart dog. She sleeps on her mat, curled up. She likes to eat dog meat and dog biscuits. After eating Abbey sleeps on my bed. My dog ​​has some funny special feature: she can open doors with her nose. When Abbey winks at me I wink back, it's our code for something. I really love my dog. Abbey definitely loves me. 🙂

I have a pet. This is a dog, a fawn labrador. We call her Abi. She is a very smart dog. She sleeps on her rug, curled up. She likes to eat canned meats and dog biscuits. After eating, Abi sleeps on my bed. My dog ​​has one funny feature: he can open doors with his nose. When Abi winks at me, I wink back at her, this is our secret code with her. I really like my dog. Abby loves me too. 🙂

Correct answers for exercise # 7

— When is Easter in the UK?
How many days do you celebrate Christmas?
Are most of the shops on Easter Sunday closed?
Do people go to church on Easter?
— How do families spend their time in the UK at Easter?

Building sentences

Consider the rules for constructing sentences with to do .

simple present tense

With pronouns I/you/we/they do is used.

With pronouns he/she/it does is used.

I do my homework.

He does his homework.

simple past tense

Did is used with any pronoun.

They did their homework.

She did her homework.

Past participle

There will always be a done form that comes after to have or to be.

We have done our homework.

Peter has done his homework.

Rules for conjugation of the verb to do:

Verb functions

The verb to do in English is one of the most common. This is due to the fact that in grammar it simultaneously performs several functions in a sentence: it acts as a semantic and auxiliary verb, and can also give reinforcement to the verb after it. Let's consider in more detail.

semantic verb

It is used in its direct meaning. The dictionary gives the following translations:

a) do, carry out, carry out

What are you doing? - What do you do/what do you do?

I do my work. - I'm doing my job.

b) act, do

He did well to accept my invitation. He did the right thing by accepting my invitation.

What are you going to do in this situation? - What are you going to do / How are you going to act in this situation?

c) create, do

to do wonders/miracles - to do miracles.

d) suit, suit, be sufficient, meet the requirements

She has enough money to do her till he end of the month - This money will last her until the end of the month.

that will not do - it’s not good, it won’t work, it won’t work.

The verb to do is also a phrasal verb. This means that depending on what preposition is after it, its meaning changes.

do away with	1) end 2) end	That "s a practice that should be done away with. Is there any evidence that she did away with her husband?
do down	1) be ashamed 2) speak badly of smb.	There "s no need to do yourself down; you weren" t to blame. He always does everybody down.
do in	destroy, kill	The criminals have done in the old man.
do out	clean up, clean up	The only way to keep the garage clean and tidy is to do it out thoroughly once a year.
do out of	deprive (of something); cheat	Your aunt "s so unselfish; she" d do herself out of anything.
do up	1) to put in order 2) fasten; to pack; wrap up; dress	But who is to do up your room every day? You"ve done your buttons up the wrong way.
do with	1) deal with smb., get along with smb. 2) manage, be satisfied, need	I can "t do with him. I could do with a cup of tea.
do without	do without	If there "s no sugar you" 11 have to do without.

Auxiliary

The auxiliary verb to do in English plays an important role in the formation of interrogative and negative form and in short affirmative sentences. It has no independent meaning and is only an indicator of time, person, number, pledge, etc. The verb to do is used with the so-called “action” verbs (these verbs denote certain actions, most of them are come, go, begin, eat, finish, etc).

To ask a question in the present tense, put do or does first, then the subject, followed by the verb "actions".

At education negative sentence in the present tense you will need don't, doesn't, which come after the subject:

Do you like cheese? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't . I don't like cheese.

Does he like milk? - Yes, He does. / No, he doesn't . He doesn't like milk.

To ask a question in the past tense, put did first, then the subject, followed by the verb "action".

When forming a negative sentence in the past tense, you will need didn't, which comes after the subject:

Did you buy this house? - Yes, I did. / No, I didn't .

Strengthening the meaning of the verb

When you need to confirm the completed action, highlight the verb, strengthen the opposition, you can use the verb to do. It can be translated by the words “really, nevertheless, very, of course”, etc.

I do like milk. - I really like cheese.

I do like your dress. - I like your dress!

He did do it. - He did it anyway.

In this article, we will look at the rules for their use and common mistakes.

Two important points about the verb To Do

If you don't know what a "to do verb" is, read the article first. But even if you are familiar with the topic, two points are worth recalling.

1. The difference between Do, Does, Don't Doesn't

First of all, let's be clear that do, does, don't doesn't are all forms of the verb to do.

• Do, does- affirmative forms.
• Do not, does not are negative forms.
• Don't, doesn't is short for do not, does not.

2. The verb to do as an auxiliary or semantic

Let me also remind you that the verb to do is used as an auxiliary or semantic.

• Auxiliarytodo needed to build different grammatical structures. First of all, negatives and questions:

Do I like jazz? - I like jazz?

I don't like jazz. - I don't like jazz.

• semantic verbtodo used in the meaning of “do, engage, perform” or (less often) to enhance the meaning of another verb - in the translation, in this case, words like “really” are added:

I do my homework in the evenings. – I do my homework in the evenings.

I do like jazz. – I really like jazz.

Let's move on to the do and does forms.

Do or Does? - three point rule

• Does used with pronouns singular third party he, she, it, For example:

He does the laundry on Sundays. He does laundry on Sundays.

She does not like watermelons. She doesn't like watermelons.

It does matter. – It really matters.

Margaret does morning exercises every day. Margaret does exercises every day.

A postman doesn't ring twice. The postman doesn't ring twice.

• Do used with all other pronouns in the singular and plural, as well as with words that can be replaced by these nouns.

I do the dishes, you do the laundry. I wash the dishes, you do the laundry.

We don't have any books on economics. We don't have books on economics.

The players don't look like they are going to give up. The players don't look like they're about to give up.

Common mistakes in using Do, Does

Consider a few common mistakes in use Does and Do.

1. Does in the past tense

Does is the present tense form of the verb to do, it is never used in the past tense. Beginners sometimes mistakenly build structures like this:

He did not does the test. He didn't pass the test.

The reaction is triggered: there is a pronoun he (she, it) = needs does. In fact, this, of course, does not apply to the past tense. It will be correct like this:

He did not do the test.

2. Does in the future tense

The same applies to the future tense. In the future tense verb to do takes shape will do. Form does not needed in the future.

• Right:

He will do a hat trick. - He will score a hat-trick.

• Wrong:

He will do a hat trick.

3. Do, Does after names of people, names of places

As with the verb, textbooks often give examples of people's names being followed by does, which is logical, because if we are talking about a person in the third person singular, then we really need does:

John doesn't like jazz. John doesn't like jazz.

Julia does a lot of work. Julia does a lot of work.

But a habit may arise that “name in a sentence” = does. This is not true. If the subject is expressed by a name or names in the plural, use do:

John and Julia don't like jazz. John and Julia don't like jazz.

The Peters don't move anywhere this year. The Peterses (Peters family) are not moving anywhere this year.

The same goes for other proper names.

Moscow doesn't believe in tears. - Moscow does not believe in tears.

Needed here does, because "Moscow" is a noun in the singular and in the third person.

The Unites States don't believe in tears. The United States does not believe in tears.

Here do, because "The United States" is the third person, but plural.

4. Does after nouns like “people”

Some nouns have a meaning, although they look like singular nouns (they do not have characteristic endings). In this case, you need to be guided by the meaning of the word, and not by the form.

For example, the word people can mean 1) people, a group of people, 2) people. In the first case it is plural, in the second it is singular.

Respectively:

Many people don't have pets. Many people don't have pets.

My people don't like strangers. “My people do not like strangers.

In the first case do, because "people" is used as a plural noun, in the second does, because "people" is singular.

5. Does, Do in negatives and questions

In negative and interrogative sentences, it often happens that the verb to do is used twice: as auxiliary(to build a structure) and how semantic(meaning "to do"). In this case, the form does can take only ONE verb to do - auxiliary.

The verb to do is conjugated in all tenses of the real and passive voice according to the general rules of verb conjugation. The verb to do is used as auxiliary verb and as semantic verb

Using to do as an auxiliary verb

1. For the formation of the interrogative and negative forms of Present and Past Indefinite from all verbs (except auxiliary and modal)
2. For the formation of the negative form of the imperative mood;
3. To enhance the meaning of the action expressed by the semantic verb in affirmative form Present and Past Indefinite. In such cases, in Present Indefinite, the form do or does is used before the semantic verb ( does with 3rd person singular she, he, it), and in Past Indefinite - did the semantic verb is put in the form of an infinitive;
4. To strengthen the request before the form of the imperative mood. Do in such cases is also used before have and be;

The use of to do as a semantic verb

The verb to do is used as a semantic verb with the meaning to do.