One of the sensitive topics in medicine is women's diseases. The untimely appeal of women to a specialist is often due to embarrassment in front of a gynecologist or fear of hearing a diagnosis that confirms their worst fears.

However, gynecological diseases are not as terrible as the prevailing idea about them. In most cases, they are treated easily and quickly, without affecting the patient's life in the future.

Women's gynecological diseases can be triggered by both external factors and internal pathological processes. The body of women is very sensitive and can get upset due to hypothermia or overheating, stress, climate change.

Also external causes include:

• chronic fatigue;
• excessive physical activity and processing;
• frequent change of sexual partners;
• earlier initiation of sexual activity;
• lack of personal and intimate hygiene;
• uncontrolled intake of antibiotics.

Common internal causes include:

The main symptoms of diseases of the genital area

Female gynecological diseases, regardless of type and course, have a number of similar symptoms.

The following is most often seen:

Groups of women's diseases

Female gynecological diseases are divided into the following types:

STIs - female gynecological diseases that are sexually transmitted

Group	Description
Infectious diseases	Infectious diseases cause violations of the normal functioning of the reproductive system. These include candidiasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis. In most cases, these diseases are hidden. Therefore, when maintaining an active sexual life, in the case of unprotected sex with a new partner, you should definitely go to the gynecologist and take a smear for common types of diseases. Even better is to visit a doctor and do appropriate tests on a regular basis.
Endocrine diseases	Such diseases are associated with impaired functioning of the endocrine glands - adrenal glands, pituitary gland, ovaries. Their course can negatively affect both a woman’s sexual life and her ability to bear and give birth to a child, and her appearance. Diseases of this kind are sometimes hereditary, as in the case of congenital androgenital syndrome, or acquired in the course of life, such as polycystic ovaries. Doctors in this group also include obesity, which leads to menstrual irregularities and serious problems with reproductive function.
Tumor formations	They can be both benign and malignant. In women, they are diagnosed at any age. Various modifications of the cervix, including its ectopia, also belong to this category of diseases. It is important to understand: not always a malignant tumor is a sentence. If you do not miss the early stage, it can be cured. Patients who are aware of their heredity should be especially attentive to their health.

How are gynecological diseases treated?

Modern medicine has many possibilities in the treatment of female genital diseases. Except destination medications applied physiotherapy approach. In some cases, the patient is prescribed surgery as a necessary procedure.

Women's gynecological diseases may be subject to the following therapy:

Medical treatment
Purpose	Description
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	These drugs are necessary to relieve inflammation that occurs in infectious diseases of the urogenital area and to make life easier for the patient with painful menstruation.
Antibiotics, antifungal and antiviral	These drugs are used when the doctor is dealing with infectious diseases of the genital area and the consequences that they entail, in particular. For example, if genital warts appear in the patient's vagina, it is not enough to get rid of them alone: ​​if the human papillomavirus that caused them is not cured, then the remote warts will return.
Hormonal remedies	With their help, they cope with endocrine disorders, but if we are talking about steroid hormones, then they play the role of powerful anti-inflammatory drugs. Oral contraceptives of a hormonal nature help in the treatment of infertility.
vitamins	They are necessary for the woman's body to recover faster with a variety of gynecological diseases. After chronic blood loss and even after heavy menstruation, doctors often prescribe additional drugs to patients that help normalize iron levels.
Physiotherapy
Purpose	Description
Cryodestruction	This procedure affects living tissues with a very low temperature, allows you to freeze the pathological focus with liquid nitrogen. The method proved to be very effective in the fight against cervical cysts and ectopia, as well as chronic cervicitis, condylomas.
Chemical degradation	It has a similar effect with cryodestruction, but differs in that most drugs are completely harmless to nulliparous patients. The method is especially effective in combating cervical erosion.
Radio wave therapy	It is used as an alternative to surgery and is considered a gentle treatment option. Radio waves heat tissues, destroying pathological areas, but without harming healthy tissues. There is also no risk of bleeding and inflammation. Especially often this method is used if a woman suffers from erosion and at the same time plans to become pregnant.
Laser therapy	It is considered the most promising procedure in the gynecological field. She showed herself at the highest level in the field of intimate plastic surgery, when the vagina stretched after childbirth needed to regain its elasticity.
Surgical intervention
Modern gynecological surgery operates discreetly, through fairly small punctures. Thanks to this, no rough scars remain on the woman’s body, and the procedure is quite fast.

endometritis

In this disease, the cells of the inner layer of the uterus (called the endometrium) grow outside of it. They undergo the same processes as in the normal endometrium, but due to the atypical location, this leads to various disorders.

Endometritis can be both genital (in this case it develops within the genital organs) and extragenital (localized in the navel or intestines).
Usually, genital endometritis causes heavy and prolonged bleeding, and during menstruation and during sexual contact, pelvic pain is clearly manifested.

Due to the fact that endometrial cells differ in their ability to metastasize, the number of foci may increase. The timely help of a gynecologist will save you from this.

In therapy, specialists most often prescribe antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Roxithromycin) and physiotherapy to restore the uterine mucosa and normalize the cycle. Medicinal plants help relieve symptoms and alleviate physical condition.

For example, a decoction can be prepared from St. John's wort, for this:

1. 1 st. l. herbs should be poured with 1 cup of boiling water.
2. Put on the stove and boil for 15 minutes.
3. Strain.

A decoction of 50 ml is taken 3 times a day.

Adnexitis

This disease is also called salpingoophoritis. It is an inflammation of the uterine appendages, which develops not due to one factor, but due to their combination: an infectious agent and such predisposing moments as hypothermia, stress, abortion, or poor hygiene. Salpingo-oophoritis can be acute or chronic.

The acute form is accompanied by signs:

• lower abdominal pain;
• deterioration of well-being;
• temperature increase;
• purulent discharge.

The chronic form of adnexitis is characterized by irregular menstruation and periodic pain in the lower abdomen.

Regardless of the form, this gynecological disease is treated exclusively in a hospital.

If the course is not carried out in time, it will cause a violation of the patency of the fallopian tubes, followed by the formation of adhesions, which in a neglected state can lead to infertility.

Before starting therapy for acute adnexitis, the patient is placed on the lower abdomen with ice. The right-sided and left-sided form of the disease requires therapy with antibiotics, antispasmodics and desensitizers. They can also prescribe electrophoresis, ultrasound, paraffin baths.

This is facilitated by:

• infusions;
• douching from chamomile decoction;
• cabbage leaf baths;
• decoctions of dried viburnum flowers.

To prepare herbal infusion, you need to take the leaves of nettle, St. John's wort, yarrow, sage and calendula flowers, 3 tbsp. l. After insisting in a thermos for 2 hours, drink 3 times a day.

Colpitis

This is an inflammatory process that is caused by pathogens. The disease is less common than thrush, but belongs to the category of fairly common.

In order for colpitis to develop, it needs a provocation in the form of a somatic disease that lowers the body's defenses. Usually, an endocrine pathology, such as obesity or diabetes mellitus, acts as such a provocateur. Also, the impetus for the development of colpitis can be damage to the vagina and poor hygiene.

The main manifestations of the disease are vaginal itching and discharge, which looks unusual and smells unpleasant.

Treatment of colpitis is carried out by the following groups of drugs:

• antibiotics (Tiflor, Ampicillin, Cefalexin);
• antifungal agents (Diflucan, Flucanazole);
• antiherpetic drugs (Valtrex, Acyclovir).

In addition to tablets, funds can also be prescribed for local therapy - creams, ointments, solutions.

To strengthen the immune system and support the microflora and liver cells, the following is prescribed:

• probiotics;
• enterosorbents;
• vitamins;
• immunomodulators.

For douching use:

• boric acid;
• zinc sulfate;
• chlorophyllipt.

Before taking folk remedies in the treatment of colpitis, it is necessary to consult a specialist. A good antiseptic is considered to be a remedy based on chamomile and calendula.

It is prepared as follows:

1. It is necessary to boil 1 liter of water.
2. Add 15 g of chamomile and calendula flowers to it.
3. Boil for 15 min.
4. Cover the container with a lid and allow the broth to cool.
5. Strain the liquid.

This tool is used for washing and douching.

Uterine fibroids

In another way, it is called fibromyoma. This benign tumor develops in muscle layer uterus - myometrium, hence the name. Fibroids can be both millimetric and grow up to 10 cm or more.

There are two main symptoms of such a tumor - excessive menstruation and unpleasant pressure in the lower abdomen. Sometimes, if the fibroid grows, it disrupts the functions of the rectum and urethra. This happens because the tumor compresses neighboring areas.

With conservative treatment of uterine fibroids, the following drugs are prescribed:

From folk remedies one of the most common is the use of flax seeds. The main thing is to consult a specialist before using them.

To prepare a decoction according to Vanga's recipe, you must:

1. 4 tsp seeds pour 0.5 liters of boiling water.
2. Cook the mixture over low heat, stirring constantly and occasionally.

Take it half a glass 3-4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. The course of therapy is 15 days.

Polycystic ovaries

A gynecological disease characterized by a hormonal imbalance in which women form cysts outside or inside the ovarian capsule.

Occur due to:

The main signs of the disease:

• violation of menstruation, delays can exceed 2-3 months;
• infertility, due to the rarity and unpredictability of the time of ovulation;
• hirsutism (excessive hair growth according to the "male pattern");
• weight gain;
• dysfunction in the endocrine system, most often the thyroid gland suffers.

It is impossible to cure polycystic disease, it is only possible to restore functions for a while and reduce the risks of developing other diseases.

In therapy, the following means are used:

From folk remedies, you can use the following recipes:

• nettle based. 10 g of dry leaves pour 1 tbsp. boiling water and let it brew for 20-30 minutes. The decoction should be drunk for 2 times;
• from mummy. It must be diluted in warm water to a paste consistency. Apply a little on gauze and make a tampon, which should be laid at night. Course - 1-2 weeks;
• from dandelion root. It should be crushed to a powder state, divided into portions of 2-3 g. Use instead of tea.

Ovarian cyst

This is a special hollow formation that is filled with liquid or semi-liquid content. If the cyst was formed from the natural structures of the ovary, for example, the follicle, then such a formation is called functional. As a rule, it resolves without outside intervention in just a couple of months.

Endometrial and dermatoid cysts can be dangerous for the female body. The most dangerous is that the formation of a cyst is difficult to notice, since the disease is asymptomatic. The maximum they manifest themselves with is pain in the lower abdomen and minor menstrual irregularities.

Cysts are treated either conservatively (using hormonal contraceptives) or surgically (laparoscopy is done). From folk remedies in the treatment of ovarian cysts, you can take a decoction of dandelion root.

For this:

1. It is necessary to chop 2 roots of the plant with a knife.
2. Pour 0.5 l of water and place in a water bath.
3. Broth simmer for 3 hours.
4. Strain, cool and pour into a jar with a hermetically sealed lid.
5. Put in refrigerator.

Take a decoction should be three times a day for 3 tbsp. l. 1 hour before meals. Course - 5 days before menstruation.

Cervical erosion

With this disease, small ulcers appear on the mucous membrane of the cervix. Most often, erosion does not appear at the initial stage; pathology can only be detected upon examination.

Subsequently, it will be characterized by symptoms such as:

Drug therapy includes the appointment of anti-inflammatory drugs and agents that act on the cause of erosion and promote tissue repair.

In addition, the following methods are possible:

• cryodestruction;
• electrocoagulation;
• the use of ultrasound;
• radio wave therapy;
• application chemical substances with cauterizing properties.

From folk remedies, you can use sea buckthorn oil as follows: put a swab dipped in oil daily at night. The course of such treatment is 1-2 months.

Leukoplakia of the cervix

The disease is a dystrophic change in the squamous epithelium - the mucosa, during which the stratum corneum and granular layers are formed.

Of the symptoms, one can note a change in the color of the mucosa from pink to white color, which can only be seen by a gynecologist upon examination. Women in therapy can be prescribed the following groups of drugs - antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral.

For the healing of foci of leukoplakia, apply:

• laser coagulation;
• cryogenic impact;
• radio wave destruction;
• chemical impact.

The patient's diet is also important, which should be provided with foods high in vitamin A and beta-carotene. For the period of treatment, a woman should be completely excluded sex life.

From folk remedies, you can use the following recipe for douching or washing:

1. It is necessary to combine in equal proportions St. John's wort, calendula, yarrow, knotweed, chamomile, horsetail and eucalyptus;
2. 2 tbsp. l. of this collection, pour 0.5 liters of boiling water and put in a water bath.
3. Remove after 15 minutes and keep covered for 30 minutes.
4. Strain.

Candidamycosis

Thrush is considered the most common female disease on the planet. The disease is called so because of the fungus that causes it. Normally, candida is present in the vagina of most women, but is activated only under the influence of certain factors.

Candidiasis: that is, the period when the fungus is dangerous can be triggered by:

• taking antibiotics;
• weak immunity;
• diabetes mellitus;
• venereal diseases.

Signs of vaginal candidiasis are as follows:

• burning and itching;
• characteristic discharge, which is distinguished by a curdled consistency;
• pain not only during sexual intercourse, but also during normal urination.

If any of these symptoms appear, it makes sense to immediately contact a gynecologist.

In the treatment of thrush folk methods are used:

• tampons soaked in vegetable solutions;
• douching and vaginal baths;
• decoctions and infusions;
• dietary and lifestyle adjustments.

The simplest and effective tool regular douching with chamomile infusion is considered. For its preparation, 3 tbsp. l. pour 1 liter of boiling water over the flowers of the plant and let it brew for at least 2 hours.

cervical dysplasia

With this disease, atypical cells form on the cervix.

The potential danger of the disease (usually provoked by the papillomavirus) is that, with all its asymptomatic course, at some point it can develop into oncology.

With regular smears, dysplasia can be detected at an early stage, which means that the chance to get rid of the problem will be as high as possible.

In therapy, immunostimulants or surgical removal of the dysplasia zone are used. Depending on the severity of the course of the disease, this can be either amputation of the cervix or the method of laser, radio wave therapy, electrocoagulation.

You can also regularly make tampons from celandine or douche them. For cooking, you need 1 tbsp. l. dry raw materials pour a glass of boiling water and insist for 1 hour.

endometrial hyperplasia

The disease is characterized by tissue growth beyond the norm and its thinning.

This is possible due to:

Usually, in the early stages, hyperplasia does not manifest itself in any way; during its development, small spotting occurs first, which, if left untreated, can turn into prolonged bleeding. Due to hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma can develop, in addition, it can cause infertility.

Traditional treatment may be as follows:

• taking hormonal drugs;
• surgical removal of the endometrium;
• laser cauterization;
• uterus removal;

From folk recipes you can take a mixture based on peony extract, which is available in pharmacies. Take the drug 2 ml 3 times a day, diluted with water in a ratio of 1:2.

Bacterial vaginosis

This disease is a pathology of the vagina, provoked by the growth of bacteria such as mycoplasmas, gardnerella, peptococci, in which there is no inflammation.

There are also practically no symptoms, the only thing that can indicate bacterial vaginosis is abundant vaginal discharge, which has a characteristic unpleasant smell of rotten fish. At first, these discharges are white or gray, later they acquire a yellow-green tint and become thick.

Complex therapy consists of 2 stages:

1. The use of antibacterial drugs, for example, Metronidazole (in the vagina), Clindamycin (oral and in the vagina).
2. The use of eubiotics (Lactobacterin, Bifidumbacterin).

For douching, you can make a solution of bird cherry fruits. The berries should be boiled over low heat for 20-25 minutes, then cool and strain.

cervicitis

When viewed on a gynecological chair, edema and hemorrhage, hyperemia and protrusion of the mucosa are detected. Treatment for cervicitis includes antibiotics and antiviral drugs.

For douching at home, you can prepare a decoction, which will require the following medicinal plants:

• flowers of calendula and forest mallow;
• birch leaves;
• motherwort herb;
• liquorice root;
• dandelion;
• cumin berries.

Cooking:

1. All ingredients should be crushed and mixed, select 10 g.
2. Pour 0.5 liters of warm boiled water.
3. Simmer in a water bath for 15 minutes.
4. Leave in a warm place for 2 hours.
5. Strain.

The decoction should be used three times a day, 1 tbsp.

Cervical cancer

This is a malignant tumor that develops from the mucous epithelium in the zone of transition of the cervix into the vagina.

In the early stages, there are no symptoms of cancer, and in the later stages they appear:

• severe leucorrhoea and spotting;
• bleeding in the middle of the menstrual cycle and contact discharge during sexual intercourse;
• dysfunction of the bladder and intestines;
• anemia.

Treatment often includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Appointment occurs individually and depends on the stage, condition of the patient and the presence of inflammation.

Folk remedies in therapy can be:

1. The use of wolf berries. Take no more than 1 berry per day.
2. Powder from seaweed, which you need to use 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day with plenty of warm water or tea.
3. The use of infusion from the herb of the shepherd's bag. For cooking, take 1 tbsp. l. herbs and pour it with cold boiled water.
4. After insisting for 8 hours, strain and take.

Complications of female diseases

The main danger of diseases of the female genital area lies in their possible complications - untreated or untimely detected diseases lead to more serious pathologies - increased inflammation and the development of their chronic form, infertility and oncology.

Given that most diseases are almost asymptomatic, regular visits to gynecology are necessary. Examinations by a gynecologist every six months is the best preventive measure in preventing the development of gynecological diseases.

Article formatting: Mila Fridan

Video about female gynecological diseases

Elena Malysheva will talk about women's diseases:

Women's health is very fragile, negligent attitude towards it can lead to a lot of problems in the future. Gynecologists strongly recommend that women undergo an examination twice a year for prevention purposes, even if nothing bothers them. Many dangerous diseases occur in a latent form and destroy health, while the woman is unaware of it.

Types of gynecological diseases and their manifestation

There is a wide variety of diseases that are unique to the female sex. Each of them has its own distinctive features. Some appear immediately, while others can wage a silent war for years and lead to infertility or even death.

Classification of diseases:

Regardless of age, there are certain gynecological diseases in women, the list and symptoms of which you will learn below.

Colpitis

Colpitis- an inflammatory process affecting the mucous tissues in the vagina. The disease develops against the background of the reproduction of pathogenic microflora: fungi of the genus Candida, staphylococcus, streptococcus, Escherichia coli.

The course of the disease can be acute and chronic. Colpitis occurs most often in women of childbearing age, but can also develop in children and the elderly.

Causes of a different nature activate the active reproduction of pathogenic flora. There are two types of colpitis:

Symptoms:

• pain and discomfort in the vagina and in the area of ​​the labia, burning;
• profuse discharge, sometimes with a characteristic smell of rot;
• painful urination;
• swelling and redness of the genitals.

Vulvitis

Vulvitis- an inflammatory disease that affects the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe female genital organs. The following are exposed to infection: clitoris, labia, vaginal opening. The disease develops against the background of a weakened immune defense with a concomitant violation of the integrity of the skin of this area.

The cause of the development of vulvitis is most often pathogenic organisms: yeast fungi, E. coli, streptococci, etc. Sometimes inflammation can develop on the background of STDs.

Symptoms:

• swelling in the external genital area;
• redness, itching and burning when touched, after urination or sexual intercourse;
• purulent discharge from the vagina.

cervicitis

cervicitis- an inflammatory process that affects the tissues of the cervix. The disease is accompanied by purulent or cloudy discharge, discomfort during sexual intercourse, pulling pains in the lower abdomen. Chronic cervicitis leads to insolvency of the cervix and the spread of the inflammatory process above.

Cervicitis rarely occurs as an independent disease, most often it occurs due to acute vulvitis, vaginitis, colpitis, etc.. The disease is provoked by pathogenic flora that enters the cervix.

The risk of developing cervicitis is increased by certain factors: trauma during delivery, a history of abortion, setting intrauterine device the use of contraceptives.

Symptoms:

1. Acute cervicitis accompanied by turbid discharge. There is swelling of the cervix, small hemorrhages.
2. Chronic cervicitis accompanied by cloudy mucous discharge, pseudo-erosion is formed on the cervix. Its surface becomes thicker, cysts may form. Swelling and redness in the chronic form are not so pronounced.

Candidiasis

Candidiasis(thrush) is the most common disease of the female reproductive system. Its causative agents are fungi, which are called Candida. Candidiasis is not a sexually transmitted disease. It develops due to increased reproduction of fungi, against the background of a weakened immune system.

Symptoms:

• white discharge with a sour smell, having a curd consistency;
• swelling of the genital organs;
• increased discomfort on contact with water, after intercourse.

Myoma

uterine fibroids is a common and complex disease. It is a neoplasm consisting of benign cells. Fibroids are nothing more than overgrown muscle fibers.

Uterine fibroids, contrary to popular belief, never develop into cancer.

Doctors cannot say the exact cause of the development of fibroids, however, there are risk factors:

Symptoms of uterine fibroids:

• increase in the menstrual cycle;
• excessive bleeding during menstruation, the appearance of blood clots;
• pain in the pelvis, back, legs;
• frequent urination;
• pain during sexual intercourse;
• an increase in the size of the abdomen.

Adnexitis

Adnexitis- an inflammatory process occurring in the appendages. The causative agents of the disease are various microorganisms and bacteria. The process can proceed both acutely and in a chronic form, frequent relapses are possible.

Symptoms:

endometriosis

endometriosis- a disease in which the endometrium, lining the inner surface of the uterus, grows beyond its limits. New cells undergo the same changes during the menstrual cycle as the endometrium itself.

The disease is inherent in women childbearing age, according to the frequency of cases, it is inferior only to uterine myoma.

In endometriosis, endometrial cells can be found in the cervix, vagina, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

Doctors and scientists cannot yet name the exact cause of the development of the disease. There is an opinion that endometrial cells enter the nearby genital organs along with blood clots.

Therefore, this disease is often associated with operations, difficult childbirth and abortions.

Symptoms:

• pain in the lower abdomen, radiating to the sacrum and lower back;
• excessive bleeding during menstruation;
• thick, dirty discharge after the end of menstruation.

Endometriosis is dangerous because 40-43% of cases lead to infertility. Another complication of the disease is various inflammatory processes, due to the fact that blood can accumulate in one area and not go outside, as in a normal cycle.

Dysplasia – pathological condition, in which the number of layers and the structure of the cellular structure that covers the epithelium of the cervix changes.

Dysplasia is a disease that, under a combination of circumstances, can cause the development of a malignant tumor.

A common cause of dysplasia is HPV(human papillomavirus), or rather, certain of its strains, which belong to the group of high oncogenic risk.

From the moment of the development of the disease, before its transformation into cancer, about 10 years can pass. During this time, there may be no symptoms.

Symptoms:

• copious, odorless discharge, having a light milky color;
• discomfort and pain during and after sexual intercourse, discharge of blood streaks after intimacy;

is one of the most common malignant diseases. There are two groups of women at risk: aged 40-50 years and 55-65 years.

It is possible to prevent the disease, because it is preceded by various precancerous conditions.

Causes of the disease:

Symptoms:

• vaginal discharge with streaks of blood;
• exacerbated cervicitis, colpitis;
• purulent discharge;
• violation of the monthly cycle;
• pain during and after intercourse.

Ovarian cyst

Ovarian cyst has the form of a sac filled with fluid and located in one or both ovaries. Its dimensions can be several centimeters or be up to 25 cm in diameter.

It is formed when a mature egg cannot leave the ovary during ovulation. As a result, it begins to stretch and fill with liquid.

Symptoms:

Treatment options

Modern medicine has a large arsenal of knowledge and opportunities for the treatment of various gynecological diseases. You can even deal with severe female diseases in gynecology, inflammation, treatment depends on the stage of the disease and the variety.

Any therapy begins with a set of studies that allows you to accurately determine the diagnosis and choose the treatment. Women are given various medications, very often it can be antibiotics, which, if they are not effective enough, can be replaced. In complicated cases resort to surgical intervention.

After surgical treatment, a woman is recommended to visit a sanatorium.

Proper and timely treatment allows a woman to maintain health, and rest in a sanatorium, restore vitality.

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It's no secret that a girl's health is a guarantee of her family and maternal happiness, as well as a full sexual life. For this reason, in the current gynecology, an important role is played by the prevention of diseases of the female genital area, the solution of problems of contraception and family planning. Preventive examination by a gynecologist 1-2 times a year should be the norm for any girl. What are women's diseases in gynecology? List of the most common below. But first of all, it is necessary to diagnose the disease itself.

Diagnostics

The beautiful half of humanity is prone to various pathologies, these can be simple inflammations and female diseases in gynecology of a more serious nature. All of them require treatment and preliminary examination. There are many types of medical diagnostics. The most commonly used are:

1. Gynecological examination. The first stage of studying the condition of a woman: a dialogue with the doctor and examination. The doctor will carefully listen to complaints, take an anamnesis and fill out a card. A gynecological examination, which is carried out during the examination in a special chair, allows the doctor to visually assess the position of the girl, the condition of her genitals, the presence of signs of inflammatory processes or pathologies.
2. Colposcopy - examination of the vagina and cervix with a special device - a video colposcope. The display shows an image magnified by approximately 40 times, on which anomalously modified zones are clearly visible.
3. Hysteroscopy is an effective technology required to examine the uterine cavity. Through the cervix, the doctor inserts an optical probe, which allows manipulations to be carried out. The process is completely safe and does not cause discomfort or pain, as it is performed under general or local anesthesia.
4. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs is the most popular diagnostic method used to detect pathologies of the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the uterus itself. In addition, ultrasound is prescribed during pregnancy in order to monitor the development of the child.

Vaginal candidiasis

Vulvovaginal candidiasis, or as it is also popularly called - thrush, is an inflammation in the vagina, which is formed as a result of a fungal infection. The name thrush, the disease was due to the fact that it provokes mucous secretions, somewhat reminiscent of milk-based products.

This disease itself, many women endure several times in their lives, especially in childbearing age. The fungus is in the body of every woman. Some of them have thrush several times, while others are not even familiar with such a problem at all.

By the age of 25, virtually every woman has had the disease, often more than once. The main problem is that in a considerable number of adult women who have had such a disease, it later develops into a chronic form, and they have to fight inflammation at least two or even four times a year. Treatment of a female gynecological disease, a photo of which is not attached for ethical reasons, is prescribed by a doctor.

Colpitis

Colpitis is one of the most common diseases that only women are exposed to. Vaginal colpitis affects. According to statistics, an average of 60% of females suffer from this disease.

Vaginitis is the second name for this disease, it can be classified as the most common in terms of gynecology. The inside of a woman's vagina is a cavity and is constantly hydrated. Based on this, we can conclude that there is the most suitable environment for the reproduction of various microbes. However, the vagina has protection against pathogenic microorganisms, it is a "friendly microflora", which belongs to the type of lactobacilli. They, in considerable quantities, are in the woman's vagina and do not have any negative effects on her body.

Salpingoophoritis

Salpingoophoritis is a female disease in gynecology. Inflammation occurs in the tubes and uterus. It can be provoked by infection of the uterus in the following ways:

• from the vagina;
• from the rectum;
• from the abdominal cavity;
• through the blood.

Not the least role in the formation of the disease is played by reduced immunity. Pathology can develop due to various factors: severe hypothermia of the body, due to excessive physical exertion, as a result of stress, and for other reasons.

If the organs are constantly in a constricted state, for example, in tight clothes, this can also lead to the formation of inflammatory processes in the appendages.

The disease has two forms:

• non-specific, caused by flora;
• specific, formed due to genital infections.

By nature, the disease can be divided into the following forms:

• acute, initially it is formed in the fallopian tube, and later begins to affect the ovaries. There is an accumulation of fluid that appears during inflammation. If there is a lot of it, then it can lead to the formation of pus and severe pain in the abdomen;
• subacute form, in which the symptoms are not so pronounced. Inflammatory processes can begin in any part of the abdomen;
• chronic, may appear if you do not start treatment of previous forms of pathology.

endometriosis

This disease occurs in women of childbearing age. When it is present, endometriosis tissue is in places where it should not be, for example, not in the uterus. If this happens, then she negative impact, affecting the organs and forming a growth on them, which provoke sharp pains, can even lead to infertility and other serious diseases.

The most favorable place for the development of the disease:

• abdomen;
• ovaries;
• area of ​​the uterus;
• vagina;
• intestines;
• pelvic cavity.

The manifestation of this disease can also be seen on the scars formed after surgery on the genitals. By themselves, these growths are not malignant, this tissue is quite normal.

The exception is that tissues damaged by the build-up cannot naturally leave the body. This can lead to the formation of internal bleeding, tissue separation from growths. But this can already lead to the formation of an inflammatory process and scarring.

Ovarian cyst

An ovarian cyst is a disease that is characterized by the presence of a benign formation in the genitals of a woman, which looks like a cavity completely filled with fluid. This disease is not classified as a tumor, and it is formed as a result of when an excessive accumulation of fluid forms in the follicle (the place where the egg is formed).

The cyst does not belong to any particular age category of women, it can form at any time and no matter how old the patient is, even newborns are not an exception. But still, women who are of childbearing age most often face such a problem.

To the delight of the sick, it should be said that the majority of cysts resolve on their own and do not require any treatment. It can pass both after the first menstruation, and a little later. But this does not mean that everything can be left to chance, during this period a woman should be under the supervision of a qualified doctor in order to avoid complications of the disease. If the cyst has not come out by itself after three months, then you need to proceed to its treatment.

cervical dysplasia

Cervical dysplasia is a condition in which the organ is covered with epithelium, the constituent layers and the structure of the cells of which it consists change.

This type of disease belongs to the category of diseases that can lead to the formation of cancer cells in the genitals. Dysplasia is considered one of the most dangerous complications and one of the most common diseases before cancer. When it is formed, the uterine mucosa changes its structure. It can appear in absolutely various ways, but the most important thing that characterizes it is that along with it the normal structure of epithelial cells is disrupted. In addition to the top layer, it can penetrate the body much deeper.

Often this type of disease is called erosion, but this is not entirely accurate. The main difference is that erosion appears after mechanical damage to the genital organs, and dysplasia as a result of a violation of tissue cells.

Vulvitis

Vulvitis is a female disease in gynecology, in which itching and inflammation are the main signs. Most often, the inflammatory process is caused by pathogens that damage the tissues of the vulva. The immune system sends cells capable of producing prostaglandins and interleukins to the site of the development of pathology. Symptoms of a female disease in gynecology:

• discharge;
• increased blood supply;
• in the mucous membrane, cells rapidly and in large volume begin to produce mucus;
• tissues swell;
• due to inflammation and swelling, pain is felt.

If the inflammatory process is aggravated by infections, then there is an accumulation of toxins, which, when released into the bloodstream, contribute to intoxication of the whole organism.

The disease can be acute, subacute and chronic. Each stage of the course has its own symptomatic manifestations. The recovery process is most difficult in the chronic form of the disease, so you should never delay treatment.

Infertility

Infertility refers to the inability of a couple (at the right age) to conceive a baby, and both of them are actively trying to do so.

A couple is considered infertile if a woman has not been able to get pregnant for a year. This conclusion is suitable only for those who have a regular sex life (acts that occur at least twice within seven days can be classified as regular) and the couple completely excludes any methods of contraception.

Forms of infertility

According to general statistics, which is maintained by the health organization, a little less than 10% of couples are familiar with the problem of conceiving a child. Any person is characterized by two types of infertility:

1. Absolute form of infertility. This form is characterized by complete and non-treatable diseases of the reproductive system. It can occur in both men and women. Causes of diseases: medical removal of the gonads, developmental abnormalities, there was some kind of injury and some other cases.
2. Relative form of infertility. Such a diagnosis is not critical, and it can be eliminated under the supervision of experienced professionals.

Ovarian apoplexy

Ovarian apoplexy is called sharp tissue ruptures in the ovaries, it is impossible to foresee them, and subsequently such ruptures cause hemorrhages in the abdominal organs. This type of abnormality in the ovaries contributes to the manifestation of severe pain.

Quite often, deviations occur in the corpus luteum of the ovary, its integrity is violated, and such a deviation can also form in the cyst of the corpus luteum. Most often, the cause of such deviations are pathologies in the vessels, the formation of any inflammatory processes in the body.

At most in women, such ruptures can occur at the time of ovulation, as well as when the corpus luteum becomes vascularized. Young girls and young women are most often affected. The disease has several forms:

1. Painful. It is characterized by severe pain and nausea.
2. anemic form. It is characterized by bleeding, along with which the woman is dizzy, and fainting is also possible.
3. Mixed. Combination of pain and anemic forms.

Ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy is a type of pregnancy that is classified as complicated. With it, a fertilized egg is attached outside the boundaries of the uterus. In almost all cases of ectopic pregnancy, the child cannot grow and develop. In addition, such a pregnancy poses a great threat to the life of a woman, as internal bleeding occurs. Immediately after the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy, a woman needs urgent qualified medical care, otherwise she may simply die.

When the pregnancy has occurred without deviations, the egg, with which the sperm is connected, passes into the fallopian tube and is fertilized there. After that, the zygote moves to the uterus, where ideal conditions are created for the development of the unborn baby. But in cases where the pregnancy is ectopic, the zygote does not move into the uterus, but connects to the tube or returns back to the ovary. The chorionic villi get into the tissues, they are damaged because of this, and the woman has internal bleeding.

Cervical erosion

Erosion of the cervix (there are other names: ectopia, pseudo-erosion), is a deviation in the structure of the mucous part of the vagina or a violation of its integrity. Erosion can form in any woman, regardless of age. Having noticed such a disease, you should immediately proceed to its treatment, after a mandatory, full and thorough examination.

If such a disease is not treated in time, it can lead to the formation of cancer cells in the future. This is especially dangerous for those women who have the papilloma virus, as it leads to an increased risk of tumor formation. And it is also dangerous for those who have the herpes virus, with it the likelihood of the formation of malignant tumors is much higher.

During examination, erosion is reflected in the mirror as a small area of ​​red color surrounding the external pharynx. Its size ranges from two millimeters to two centimeters. Erosion in the body lasts for several months and even years.

Treatment

As previously mentioned, the current gynecology provides ample opportunity to cure diseases of the genitourinary system, including serious pathologies that have a great impact on the general condition of the patient. The basic component of each therapy is the prescription of medications, but in addition to them, the patient may be advised to undergo physiotherapy or undergo surgery.

There are three areas of therapy:

• Medical. Pharmaceutical substances in gynecology are prescribed in the form of tablets and capsules, suppositories, injections, ointments and other medicinal forms. Due to the nature of the problem, the doctor will prescribe the following categories of medicines to the patient: non-steroidal, antibiotics, antifungal, hormonal, vitamins. For each disease, they will be different, therefore, it is strongly not recommended to take them without a doctor's prescription.
• Surgical. There is no need to be afraid of surgical intervention for gynecological diseases: most of the manipulations on the genitals are performed laparoscopically - through punctures in the anterior abdominal wall and vaginal wall. This kind of approach does not require a long recovery phase and does not leave gross aesthetic flaws on the patient's body.
• Physiotherapy. The use of apparatus physiotherapy occupies a significant place in the arsenal of any reputable gynecological hospital. In some cases, these methods make it possible to avoid surgical treatment of certain diseases of the genital organs in girls. Such methods include chemical and cryodestruction, laser and radio wave therapy.

Gynecological diseases are diseases of the female reproductive system, which are manifested by a wide variety of signs and symptoms.

However, among them are the most common symptoms that are observed in most diseases of the gynecological profile.
Gynecological diseases in women are quite common. At the same time, the number of women who have complaints about the presence of diseases of the genital organs increases significantly every year. This is due to a wide variety of factors, both external and internal environment of the woman's body.

Causes of gynecological diseases

The causes of gynecological diseases are conditionally classified into external and internal.

External factors include:

• constant or periodic, but strong stress reactions of the body to external stimuli;
• the deteriorating environmental situation that is observed in cities;
• frequent changes of sexual partners;
• early onset of sexual activity;
• non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene and, as a result, the development of frequent infectious diseases;
• infectious diseases as a risk of developing symptoms of gynecological diseases;
• frequent and uncontrolled use of antibiotics.

Internal factors include:

• anomalies in the development of the genital organs of a woman, for example, the presence of a bicornuate uterus or doubling of the vagina;
• incorrect location of the internal genital organs;
• hormonal diseases;
• abortion or spontaneous miscarriages, as a result of which medical interventions were carried out, in particular, curettage of the uterus.

Main symptoms

All diseases of the gynecological profile are usually divided into three groups according to the reason that caused the gynecological disease.

1. The first group includes diseases associated with the development of infection in the body of a woman.
2. The second group of diseases includes endocrine pathology and a violation of the hormonal background of the female body.
3. The third group of gynecological diseases are diseases with a tumor process, the development of hyperplastic or dystrophic changes.

Consider each group of diseases and their symptoms separately. Let's start with the symptoms that may be present in any disease from each of these groups.

Symptoms of gynecological diseases are very specific signs that are present only in diseases of the genital area. These include:

• leucorrhea - pathological discharge from the female genital tract whitish in color, their number, as a rule, depends on the activity of the process.
• bleeding from the genital tract of a woman that occurs outside of menstruation, while they can occur before or after it, and in the middle of the menstrual cycle. Bleeding may be profuse or very heavy, or it may be spotting or very slight. In addition, bleeding can occur immediately after intercourse, which should be a prerequisite for visiting a gynecologist;
• burning or itching in the genital area. This sign can manifest itself in various strengths. The burning sensation may be minor, causing only slight discomfort. And it can be painful and unbearable when a woman inflicts deep damage on herself, trying to scratch the itch;
• discomfort during intercourse, up to pain and the inability to have sex because of this;
• the occurrence of pain or discomfort during the act of urination;
• in some cases, as a result of gynecological diseases, ulcers or erosions can be found on the genitals of a woman, which indicates the presence of gynecological diseases in her
• another symptom characteristic of diseases of the genital organs is pain in the lower abdomen, which can be of a very diverse nature, for example, pulling, bursting or pressing;
• in addition, secondary infertility or miscarriage, or multiple miscarriages may occur as a result of gynecological diseases.

Signs of gynecological diseases

Now let's talk about what signs of gynecological diseases can occur in three different groups of diseases.

1. The first group of diseases caused by infectious agents most often occurs as a result of the following reasons:

• sexually transmitted infections. Among them, a special place is given to chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, candidiasis, or thrush;
• diseases of viral etiology, they can be caused by HIV, genital herpes virus, human papillomavirus or cytomegalovirus;
• purulent-inflammatory diseases. In this group, very common diseases are distinguished: endometritis, colpitis, cervicitis, adnexitis, vulvitis, pelvic peritonitis and other diseases.

According to the etiology of the occurrence of diseases of this group, it is possible to distinguish specific microorganisms that cause STIs, and non-specific, which include all other diseases. At the same time, such diseases can be transmitted both sexually and occur as a result of blood dissemination from other organs and systems.
Symptoms of gynecological diseases of the first group are most often complaints of purulent discharge from the genital tract or the presence of leucorrhoea, pain during urination and intercourse, burning and itching in the genital area, as well as the possibility of ulcers and erosions on the genitals of a woman.

2. In the second group of gynecological diseases that occur as a result of endocrine disorders or hormonal levels, the following symptoms most often occur. These include menstrual irregularities, such as amenorrhea, or absence of menstruation, the menstrual cycle may increase or decrease, menstruation may become heavy or, on the contrary, scanty, spotting may appear outside of menstruation. Also, as a result of hormonal disorders, dysfunctional uterine bleeding may occur, that is, a woman’s periods become irregular and acyclic. As a result of all of the above, a woman develops secondary infertility, which requires immediate treatment. However, no matter what change in the menstrual cycle you have, in any case, you need to consult a gynecologist.

3. And, finally, the third group of gynecological diseases. As mentioned above, they include tumor processes. It is not necessary that these processes be malignant. This also includes uterine fibroids, and cystic formations in the ovaries, and changes in the cervix, such as erosion, pseudo-erosion and ulcerative changes.
Among the signs of the third group of diseases, women most often note bleeding that is not associated with the menstrual cycle, pain during intercourse, or bleeding from the genital tract after coitus.

However, no matter how specific the symptoms of gynecological diseases are, there will still be those that either do not show themselves at all for a long time, or the signs will be non-specific and for a long time a woman will be treated not for a gynecological disease at all.

Treatment of gynecological diseases is a responsible and complex matter. In no case should you self-medicate, as this can lead to unpredictable consequences and only aggravate the situation. As a result of improper treatment, infertility, endometritis, or a cancerous tumor may develop.
Gynecological diseases and their symptoms can be very diverse, but any of them require an immediate visit to a doctor to establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment, which will help restore all the functions of the genital area of ​​the female body and receive intimate relationship only pleasure and enjoyment without fear of pain or bleeding.
That is why it is necessary to undergo medical preventive examinations at the district obstetrician-gynecologist. As a rule, for a normal healthy female body, it is enough to pass and pass all the necessary tests once or twice a year, depending on the state of health and the presence of complaints. If a woman has problems of a gynecological nature, then she should visit a gynecologist by individual agreement with him.

Female gynecological diseases are a combination of pathologies that form as a result of an infectious lesion, incorrect placement or problematic formation of the genital tract of the fair sex.

Pathological changes in the genital area have a great influence on the entire body, but various diseases (nervous, endocrine, infectious) can also contribute to the appearance of negative processes in the genitals.

Adnexitis

Inflammatory or infectious disease affecting the fallopian tubes and pelvic organs. This ailment can help form an ectopic pregnancy or even lead to infertility.

The disease is provoked by adhesions on the fallopian tubes formed as a result of the course of the disease. The basis of the appearance are infectious diseases (flu, pneumonia, tuberculosis), sexually transmitted diseases, hypothermia, chronic stress.

There are several forms of adnexitis:

• chronic? develops as a result of an untreated disease;
• acute? for the most part appears against the background of the process of inflammation provoked by infection;
• subacute? appears infrequently with inflammation of a tuberculous nature;
• purulent? for the most part occurs due to complications of gonorrhea;
• bilateral? inflammation of two appendages due to infection;
• right-sided? only the right organs are affected;
• left-sided? only the left organs.

Signs (symptoms) of this gynecological disease are acute and under acute form in the fair sex are:

• excessive sweating;
• fever, chills, temperature above 38 degrees;
• discharge of pus;
• difficult urination;
• stomach hurts when pressed;
• strong pains in the sacral region are cramping in nature;
• intoxication.

The chronic form is characterized by:

• the presence of pain intimacy and defecation;
• aching, dull pain in the sacral region;
• mucopurulent discharge;
• dysmenorrhea (severe pain during menstruation);
• temperature above 38 degrees during periods of deterioration.

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Ovarian apoplexy

A diseased condition in which there is an unexpected non-compliance with the integrity (rupture) of the tissues of the ovary.

The disease can develop against the background of another disease, for example, oophoritis, polycystic ovaries, inflammation of the appendages, varicose veins of the ovary, termination of pregnancy. As a rule, apoplexy is provoked by sports activities, excessive physical exertion, abdominal trauma, horseback riding, vigorous sexual intercourse and other processes due to which intra-abdominal pressure increases.

• cramping or constant pain, the localization of which occurs lower abdomen;
• nausea;
• tachycardia;
• cold sweat;
• shock of 1-3 stages, depending on the severity of the course;
• the formation of internal bleeding (weakness, pallor, restraint of the pulse, fainting, vomiting, chills).

Bacterial vaginosis

A pathological condition provoked by a good and quantitative imbalance of the vaginal microflora. long time the disease may not express clinical signs.

The causes of the disease are abrupt changes in hormone levels, the use of antibacterial drugs, and a decrease in immune responses.

Symptoms that determine the disease:

• a significant amount of discharge with a sharp bad odor, often white;
• discomfort when urinating;
• periodic or constant itching, which worsens during critical days;
• unpleasant feelings at intimacy;
• gluing the labia minora.

Bartholinitis

The disease is an inflammation of the Bartholin gland, located at the vestibule of the vagina, its function? mucus production. For the most part, the disease is localized on one side.

The most popular pathogens are gonococcus, E. coli, staphylococcus aureus, trichomonas vaginalis, chlamydia, mixed genus or Candida fungi. Pathogenic microbes settle in the layers of the gland and lead to tissue destruction.

Symptoms of bartholinitis:

• inflammation in the excretory duct of the gland (first stage);
• blockage of the excretory duct;
• small secretions of a mucopurulent nature;
• the appearance of a cyst, abscess;
• sensations of pain intimacy;

For acute and chronic forms are characteristic:

• temperature up to 40 degrees;
• general poor health;
• sharp pain in the area of ​​​​the inflamed gland;
• discomfort or pain when walking;
• possible increase in the lymphatic inguinal nodes.

vaginismus

The pathological condition is characterized by an involuntary sudden contraction of the convulsive nature of the muscle fibers that surround the entrance to the vagina and the muscles of the pelvic floor. At the same time, it is unrealistic to introduce the male genital organ into the vaginal cavity and conduct sexual intercourse. The fair sex cannot predict or control the manifestation of this condition.

The main reason for the formation of the disease is considered a strong mental shock.

Symptoms:

• severe pain when touched or in contact with the genitals;
• uncontrollable spasms lower abdomen, thighs, muscle fibers of the vagina.

Ectopic pregnancy

Pathology, when a fertilized egg does not penetrate into its destination, in other words, the uterus, but is attached beyond its borders.

The reasons for the formation of an ectopic pregnancy are adhesions or scars on the walls of the uterine tubes, which are provoked by diseases such as sexual infections, inflammation processes or damage from mechanical factors (abortion).

Key signs of the disease:

• vaginal bleeding;
• one side of the pain lower abdomen;
• persistent and severe vomiting and nausea;
• sensations of pain when emptying or urinating;
• shoulder pain due to bleeding formation;
• fatigue;
• very high sweating;
• dizziness;
• pallor.

Vulvitis

A condition where the external genitalia of the fair sex (vulva) become inflamed. The vulva consists of the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, outer urethra, and the entrance to the vagina.

The basis of the secondary form of the disease are the processes of inflammation, passing from the vagina. The primary form is provoked by non-compliance with the rules of hygiene of the intimate area, contact of a third-party object or unwashed hands with the reproductive organs. The attenuation of hormonal function often provokes the formation of the disease in the fair sex after 55 years.

For the acute and chronic forms of the disease, the symptoms are the same, but in another version they appear very rapidly. Main features:

• pain in the vulva, aggravated by intimacy, urination;
• swelling and redness of the outer part of the reproductive organs;
• increased sebaceous glands;
• burning genitals;
• temperature increase;
• development of plaques and plaque on the outer part genitals;
• development of vesicles with liquid on the genitals in the middle.

Prolapse of the vagina and uterus

A disease that results in a change in the position of the uterus (shifts outside the vagina) or vagina. Often looms when straining.

The basis for the appearance of this oddity, as a rule, is the underdevelopment of the pelvic muscles, the weakening of the fixing apparatus of the uterus, age-related changes, multiple births, sexual infections or operations, paralysis of some nerves of the sacral region.

At the first stage, there are almost no symptoms, but with the development of the disease, the following signs are observed:

• pain in the pelvic area;
• dryness of the walls of the vagina;
• difficulty urinating;
• incontinence;
• thinning or thickening of the walls of the mucous membrane;
• abnormal epithelial formations;
• leukoplakia;
• elongation of the cervix;
• endocervicitis;
• non-observance of destinations genitals;
• burning;
• increased urination;
• a feeling of the presence of a foreign object on the eve of the vagina;
• with complete prolapse, part of the uterus and the walls of the vagina are visible.

Herpes

A viral disease characterized by a rash on the skin and mucous membranes as grouped vesicles. Herpes is a popular ailment, its irritant is the primitive herpes virus. Very often, the disease looms on the skin, eyes and outer part. genitals.

The basis of the formation is a decrease in immunity, hypothermia, overheating.

Symptoms:

• burning skin;
• bad feeling;
• chills (uncommon)
• eruption as crowded vesicles.

Gonorrhea

A sexually transmitted disease transmitted through sexual intercourse. The formation of the disease very often looms as a lesion of the organs of the urinary system.

The basis of the appearance of the disease is considered to be infection with gonococcus.

Key signs of the disease in the fair sex:

• pain when urinating;
• itching in the area genitals and urethra;
• increased frequency of urination;
• burning and cutting;
• excretion of urine in small doses;
• feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• purulent discharge.

Dyspareunia

This is a condition in which a feeling of soreness or discomfort is born in the outer part. genitals, unpleasant feelings appear before, after or during intimacy.

The disease has a mental nature and more often appears among the weaker sex itself. The basis for the formation of the disease can be deficiencies in the formation of the vulva or vagina, infectious diseases, for example, bartholinitis, vulvitis, vulvovaginitis, colpitis.

The key symptom of the disease can be called pain, which varies from aching to cutting. Its degree can be very different, some note mild discomfort, others? unbearable pain, and often it is localized in one place, everything can depend on the posture and situation.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

A pathological condition caused by a malfunction of the endocrine glands that produce sex hormones, this leads to abnormal acyclic bleeding.

The causes of the formation of the disease are inflammation of the pelvic organs, constant stress, physical or mental overwork, difficult pregnancy or abortion, erroneous nutrition, genetic diseases of the reproductive and endocrine systems.

The key symptoms are:

• bleeding that occurs between regular periods;
• non-compliance with the cycle;
• profuse bleeding lasting more than seven days;
• signs of anemia;
• puffiness;
• body weight set;
• dyspnea.

Ovarian dysfunction

A disease of the genital area in the fair sex, when the production of hormones is disrupted due to a disorder in the hormonal function of the ovaries.

The basis of this condition can be inflammation in the uterus, appendages and ovaries, various diseases, endocrine disorders, termination of pregnancy, exhaustion of the body due to frequent stress, damage from mechanical factors of uterine emptiness (intrauterine device).

Signs of the presence of the disease:

• irregular menstruation;
• infertility or miscarriage;
• cramping or pulling pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen;
• difficult premenstrual syndrome;
• dysfunctional uterine bleeding;
• amenorrhea.

Cyst mammary gland

Multiple or single pathology forming into voids mammary gland, its content is liquid-like, a cystic void appears in the ducts.

The basis for the onset of the disease is the accumulation of secretions, an increase in the milk duct or the development of a fibrous capsule.

Often the disease goes away for a long time without symptoms, and after a certain amount of time it can occur with burning and unpleasant (painful) sensations in the middle. mammary gland. Symptoms in most cases intensify on critical days. With inflammation of the cyst, fever, increased lymph nodes and skin redness are born.

Ovarian cyst

a benign tumor-like formation that has a liquid content and can become larger in size. The development of cysts can occur in some organs and tissues. These new formations are distinguished by the building, the reasons for the appearance.

Among the causes of the formation of the disease are inflammation of the ovaries, endocrine diseases, hormonal dysfunction, abortion.

Often the disease flows without symptoms, however, with a complicated course, these new formations show themselves with such symptoms:

• sensations of pain lower abdomen;
• increase in the size of the abdomen and its asymmetry;
• non-compliance with the menstrual cycle;
• compression of blood vessels and organs.

lactostasis

A disease when a lactating woman stagnates milk in the mammary glands. The manifestation of the disease is a thickening of the tissue mammary gland This process is accompanied by pain.

The basis for the appearance can be non-compliance with the outflow of milk due to narrow milk ducts or strong milk production. The aggravation of the disease occurs due to rare feeding or refusal to feed the child, improper breast conquest by the baby, complex shape nipples, the presence of cracks, heavy physical labor or stress.

The symptoms of the disease are:

• pain during palpation or feeding;
• puffiness;
• compaction in the established part of the chest;
• tuberosity of the affected area;
• redness mammary gland or parts of it.

Lipoma mammary gland

A high-quality tumor formed from fat cells may have different form(round, oval, flat), soft, but when connective tissue appears in them, it becomes dense.

The disease can develop due to the cause of hormonal changes, stress, a violation of metabolic processes, or a genetic predisposition.

The disease has no obvious manifestations, often the tumor is found with independent palpation, it does not cause pain, with the exception of a decent-sized lipoma, which compresses the nerve endings.

Mammalgia

A disease in which a painful unpleasant feeling is born in the area mammary gland, accompanied by very high sensitivity, swelling and a feeling of heaviness.

Emphasize the following causes of the formation of the disease:

• hormonal fluctuations;
• inflammation mammary gland;
• damage, operations;
• neurosis and stress;
• gland tumors (malignant and benign);
• premenstrual syndrome;
• not real childbirth, abortion;
• taking ovulation stimulants or oral contraceptives.

Symptoms of the disease can occur individually, or all at once. Key:

• dull, aching pain in the breast;
• feeling of seals on palpation;
• constipation;
• bloating;
• discharge from the nipples;
• head pain;
• size up mammary gland.

Mastopathy

Disease mammary gland in which benign tumors occur. With mastopathy in tissues mammary gland regressive and proliferative changes appear. There are similar different variants of the disease:

• nodal;
• diffuse with the dominance of various elements (cystic, glandular, fibrous or mixed).

Cystic mastopathy? these are nodular appearances as sacs or chambers, in the middle of which is located a liquid.

Fibrous resembles a scar, because it creates connective tissue.

Mastopathy with a glandular element is a nodular appearance, they are based on glandular tissue, which is considered characteristic of mammary gland.

Mixed mastopathy is very common, the tumor appearance of which in most cases includes cells of various tissues.

The main painful symptom is dense development in the mammary glands of a nodular or diffuse nature. In most cases, before menstruation, they begin to ache a little, and soon the pain goes away, but often unpleasant feelings are always present.

Other symptoms of mastopathy:

• pain on palpation;
• increased lymph nodes;
• puffiness;
• rash on the skin;
• liquid protrudes from the nipples (infrequently).

Mycoplasmosis

A gynecological infectious disease leading to inflammation of the urinary tract. This pathology develops when conditionally pathogenic bacteria of the mycoplasma family enter the body of the fair sex.

Very often, urogenital mycoplasmosis develops for the following reasons:

• frequent stressful situations;
• decreased immune defensive function;
• strong physical and emotional stress;
• pregnancy;
• hypothermia.

There are several forms of the disease: acute, fresh, sluggish, subacute and chronic.

This ailment can proceed without symptoms for a month, but after that it develops very quickly and has violent symptoms.

Signs of an acute form:

• itching when urinating;
• redness of the external opening of the urethra;
• discharge from genitals gray or yellow;
• discomfort during intimacy;
• burning and itching in the genitals;
• the presence of eternal pain lower abdomen;
• lower back pain;
• the threat of miscarriage or premature birth.

Symptoms of the chronic form are similar to similar ailments such as cystitis, vaginitis or pyelonephritis.

uterine fibroids

A disease popular among the fair sex, which is characterized by a neoplasm of a benign nature, it is localized in the myometrium (the muscular membrane of the uterus). The tumor is a combination of smooth muscle fibers, fibroids can be both multiple and single.

TO key factors, in consequence of which the disease often develops include:

• not regular sex life;
• hormonal disorder;
• infections of a permanent type in the genitals;
• gynecological timely interventions and actions;
• infertility;
• hypodynamia;
• endometriosis;
• decrease in immunity;
• constant stress.

Signs of the disease are:

• constipation;
• prolonged menstrual flow, often with blood clots;
• uterine discharge;
• aching pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen;
• pain when urinating;
• sharp cramping pains lower abdomen;
• signs of anemic syndrome;
• pain when intimacy;
• increase in the abdomen;
• miscarriages and infertility.

Candidiasis or thrush

The disease is provoked by a high level of density on the vaginal mucosa of the fungal microflora.

The basis for the formation of the disease, as a rule, is a decrease in immunity due to taking antibiotics or transferring infectious disease, non-compliance with sleep, nutrition, rest, constant stress.

Symptoms:

• burning in the area of ​​the outer part genitals;
• feeling of itching;
• pain when touching the labia;
• discomfort or pain intimacy;
• painful urination;
• cheesy white discharge.

Obstruction of the uterine tubes

A condition in which the egg is unable to travel from the ovary to the uterus.

The main cause of this disease is the processes of inflammation that take place in the fallopian tubes. Also, the disease is usually provoked by adhesions resulting from surgery, transferred ectopic pregnancy, congenital malformations of formation, endometriosis, abnormal epithelial formations, various tumors.

In the state of the fair sex, obstruction of the uterine tubes does not appear at all, it can be detected if there is inflammation, which is accompanied by an increase in temperature and pain lower abdomen. The main symptom that indicates the disease is the absence of pregnancy with constant intimacy without using contraceptives.

Acute mastitis

An acute process of inflammation that astonishes the tissues mammary gland. Very often, the disease develops in lactating primiparas of the fair sex.

Pathogenic microbes that penetrate the nipple area through cracks and microtraumas become the basis of the disease, as a rule, non-compliance with the outflow of milk occurs.

Key manifestations include:

• engorgement mammary gland;
• increase in the size of the gland;
• pain when expressing milk;
• redness of the skin;
• poor general health;
• the presence of seals in the thickness of the gland.

Papilloma

benign formation on the mucous membranes and skin of a tumor-like nature. Outwardly, it looks like a nipple, but its base is narrow (leg), in most cases it has a dense or soft texture, brown color. The localization of the disease on the skin is a cosmetic defect, in the larynx it can manifest itself as respiratory failure, bleeding and ulceration.

Infection with the papillomavirus occurs through direct contact with an infected person.

When it enters the body, the virus manifests itself in various formations on the skin and mucous membranes. These developments can be multiple and single, the growth process in most cases is accompanied by itching and burning. Also, symptoms of the energetic phase of the disease are swollen lymph nodes, fever and chills.

Polyp of the body of the uterus and cervical canal

A pathological condition in which cells of the glandular epithelium of the endocervix or endometrium grow, their crushing provokes chronic inflammation of these areas.

For the most part, the disease flows without symptoms and is detected quite inadvertently, with the exception of damage to abnormal epithelial formations or ulceration, inflammation.

Then there may be nagging pain lower abdomen, slight bleeding and menorrhagia.

Ordinary miscarriage

A condition in which more than 2 pregnancies in a row end in spontaneous abortion, while there is no outside intervention. In most cases, termination of pregnancy occurs in the first trimester, not always the representative of the weaker sex does not even know that she was pregnant.
Among the causes of the disease are:

• underdevelopment of the fetal egg;
• poisoning and chronic infections;
• defects in the structure of the uterus;
• uterine tumors;
• inflammation in the voids of the uterus;
• hypovitaminosis;
• the use of contraceptive and hormonal drugs;
• endocrine diseases;
• viral diseases transferred first pregnancy;
• genetic determination.

Key features:

• cramping pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen;
• bleeding;
• bloody issues.

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

The condition of a woman's body when the ovaries show an excessive reaction to ovulation-stimulating drugs. In most cases, ovarian stimulation is used to treat infertility and anovulatory cycles. The task of this process is to achieve normal ovulation in the fair sex.

The main cause of the onset of the disease is the imbalance of hormones, and among the factors that help the formation of the syndrome are:

• age up to 35 years;
• inadequate dosage of drugs;
• low body weight;
• a history of polycystic ovary syndrome;
• the body's response to drugs does not meet expectations;
• history of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

With the development of the disease, symptoms occur, which may vary depending on the severity of the course:

flows easily

• discomfort or minor pain lower abdomen;
• small swelling of the legs;
• occasional bloating and a feeling of heaviness;
• not always a deterioration in well-being.

• noticeable pain in inguinal region;
• pain in the sacrum and lower abdomen;
• vomiting, nausea, diarrhea;
• decrease in the number of urine and acts of urination;
• dizziness, weakness, radiance in the eyes;
• bloating and heaviness in the abdomen;
• swelling of the external genitals and legs;
• increase in body weight.

too heavy

• strong pain of a bursting nature in the sacrum, inguinal region, abdomen and coccyx, aggravated by any movement of the body;
• severe swelling of the body;
• hypotension;
• non-compliance with the acts of urination;
• trouble breathing, shortness of breath;
• accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum, an increase in the size of the abdomen;
• repeated vomiting and nausea;
• non-compliance with the rhythm of the heart;
• temperature increase;
• dizziness, weakness.

polycystic ovary syndrome

A disease in which cystic growths with liquid contents appear in the voids of the ovary.

The specific causes of the formation of the disease have not yet been established, but most often the disease is provoked by the actual genetic predisposition.

Key painful symptoms:

• interruptions in the menstrual cycle;
• polycystic ovaries;
• excessive production of male hormones;
• difficulty conceiving or inability to become pregnant;
• type 2 diabetes;
• darkening of the skin on the inside of the thighs, back of the head, or armpits.

Premenstrual tension syndrome

The disease is a set of manifestations (signs) preceding menstruation, which explains the pathological course of the second phase of the cycle.

The syndrome appears for further reasons:

• non-compliance with the thyroid gland;
• imbalance of progesterone and estrogen during the second phase;
• conflict situations and constant stress;
• hypovitaminosis;
• increased production of prolactin;
• genetic determination;
• non-compliance with water and electrolyte balance.

Signs of PMS are divided into physical and psychological, the first include:

• edema mammary gland;
• vomiting, nausea;
• very high sensitivity and sensations of pain in the mammary glands;
• diarrhea, obstipation;
• headache, migraine;
• pain in the lumbar region, joints, muscles;
• hyperemia of the face;
• tachycardia;
• pastosity of the lower extremities;
• increased urination.

Psychological signals include:

• a state of depression;
• alternation of mood;
• insomnia or long sleep;
• hostile behavior;
• nervousness;
• panic state;
• mnemonic violation;
• suicidal thoughts.

Syphilis

Venereal disease, which astonishes all human organs, flows for a long time in an undulating pattern of formation.

The irritant of the disease is a pale spirochete, you can become infected through contact with the fluids of the affected body.

The first symptom of infection with an ailment is the appearance of numerous or single sores, which is called a hard chancre. Slowly, other signs appear:

• increased lymph nodes (mostly inguinal);
• weakness;
• joint and muscle pain;
• subfebrile temperature;
• head pain;
• the appearance of a syphilitic rash (spots, pustules, nodules);

With a long course of the disease without a cure (more than 5 years), the destruction of the affected organs begins.

Adhesive process in the pelvis

Spikes are strands, which lead to displacement and fusion of the organs inside.

The causes of the appearance of adhesions are damage, inflammation processes occurring in the voids of the uterus, on its mucous membrane, appendages, and muscular membranes. Often provoke adhesions of foreign objects that can get into the body during surgery.

Depending on the severity of the course of the disease, symptoms may be absent or expressed quite clearly. The key features are:

• diarrhea or constipation;
• dull, sharp or aching pain in the lower back, groin, lower abdomen;
• sensations of pain during emptying, intimacy, menstruation;
• vomiting and nausea;
• bloating;
• dry mouth.

Fibroadenoma mammary gland

the formation of benign connective and glandular tissues, which has the form of a seal and is mostly localized on one side. Fibroadenoma is not attached to the skin, due to this it is considered mobile, smooth and elastic to the touch, as a rule, does not cause painful feelings when touched.

Causes of the disease:

• hormonal disbalance;
• diseases of the endocrine system;
• obesity;
• diabetes;
• failure of the pituitary gland;
• pathology of the adrenal glands and ovaries;
• liver disease;
• depletion of the body;
• constant stress;
• damage mammary gland.

The disease flows almost without symptoms, in most cases, seals are found inadvertently, except for formations of decent size. But, if the fibroadenoma is localized near the nipple, the following symptoms appear:

• pain when touched;
• the appearance of cracks, sores on the nipple and the approximate area;
• secretion of a liquid that is odorless.

Chlamydia

An infectious disease, its irritant is chlamydia.

The disease can affect the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, genitourinary systems. The danger of chlamydial infections lies in the fact that they can give a lot of different difficulties. For the most part, infection occurs sexually, infrequently the disease is transmitted through the household.

In half of the cases, the disease does not manifest itself with any symptoms, due to this, in such cases, there is a risk of developing difficulties. Signs of infection are:

• mucopurulent discharge;
• burning;
• abdominal pain;
• temperature.

Chronic endometritis

Inflammation, in which the mucous and submucosal layers of the uterus are affected.

The chronic form of the disease develops as a result of an undertreated acute form, which may appear after an abortion, childbirth, intrauterine actions, or the presence of foreign bodies.

Key manifestations include:

• non-compliance with the menstrual cycle;
• uterine bleeding;
• bloody or serous-purulent discharge;
• pain lower abdomen aching character;
• pain when intimacy.

endometriosis

In this disease, cells similar in structure to the cells of the uterine emptiness spread outside its borders, as a result, every month changes occur in the endometriotic foci that are characteristic of the endometrium (uterine emptiness), in fact, this leads to the disease.

The following factors lead to the formation of the disease:

• decrease in immunity;
• genetics;
• damage to the uterus (abortion and others);
• hormonal disorder;
• late childbirth and the onset of sexual activity;
• allergic diseases;
• chronic diseases of the genitourinary system;
• endocrinological diseases.

In the first stage, for the most part, the disease flows without symptoms. For a severe stage, similar symptoms are characteristic:

• violation of menstrual function;
• menorrhagia (non-compliance with the cycle);
• blood clots during menstruation;
• symptoms of general anemia;
• algomenorrhea;
• infertility.

Cervical erosion

A disease that results in the development of ulcerative deficiency on the mucous membrane of the cervix. This process is pathological, it is characterized by a change in the area of ​​the normal mucous epithelium to a cylindrical epithelium.