After analyzing the observational data on weather conditions and their seasonal changes, scientists identified the climatic zones of Eurasia. On the territory of the mainland, all their diversity is represented. Each belt is subdivided into separate regions with special climatic conditions.

If you bring together the climatic zones of Eurasia, the table will be in the form of branches. This is due to the fact that in each of them there are smaller zones, which are also crushed.

arctic belt

The characteristic of the climatic zones of Eurasia begins with the Arctic. Its zone includes islands located far to the north of the continent, and a small continental strip in the Asian part, which borders the Arctic Ocean.

• Marine is located in the European sector of the Arctic Ocean. It includes Svalbard and other small islands. They are influenced by the warm current from the North Atlantic, which leads to mild winters with temperatures ranging from -16 to -20 ºC. Up to 300 mm of precipitation falls per year.
• The continental arctic climate is characterized by cold dry air currents. Under their influence the whole ocean all year round is under the ice crust, with the exception of coastal waters. From the territory dominated by this climate, cold air currents move to the south.

subarctic belt

It stretches in a narrow strip along the mainland. The cold climatic zone of Eurasia includes about. Iceland and the northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. To the east of the continent, the zone expands, approaching the Bering Strait. The belt is located between the borders of the Arctic front in summer and winter. In the warm season, it is affected by moderate air currents, and in the cold season, by arctic ones. The belt is divided into two regions: continental and marine. The latter captures Iceland and part of the islands west of Scandinavia. amount of 300-700 mm per year in the form of snow and rain. The climate is characterized warm winter(-5 and -10 ºC) and cold summers (up to +10 ºC).

Temperate zone

The temperate climatic zone of Eurasia has a border running from the southern coast and crossing the Black and Caspian Seas. It stretches to the northern part of the Korean peninsula and the middle of about. Honshu.

Winds predominate in this area all year round. temperate latitudes. The main part of Eurasia within the belt is influenced by the following climates:

• Moderate continental: under his authority is the entire Russian plain.
• Continental: Siberia, Middle and Central Asia.
• Monsoon formed in northeastern China, on about. Hokkaido and the northern part of about. Honshu.

In winter, the region is dominated by dry frosty air coming from the baric center in Central Asia. In summer, warm with high moisture content, falling into this region with the Pacific monsoon. More than half of the annual precipitation falls during the summer. Winter is frosty and summer is hot.

temperate climate zone in Western Europe It is subdivided into 2 subregions: northern and southern.

Northern subregion

The zone includes Fennoscandia and Scotland. It is characterized by a temperate climate with cold summers. The subregion is divided into 2 districts:

• Maritime - Norwegian in the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and northern Great Britain. Summer here is cool and short. There is a lot of precipitation in the form of rain and snow. The weather is almost always cloudy, damp with constant winds.
• Continental - Swedish type of climate on the territory of the country of the same name and Finland. The cold season in this area is frosty. Snow cover is forming. The summer period is short, cool and rainy. On the flat tops of the mountains of Scandinavia, a cool climate has formed with high humidity and average summer temperatures of no more than +10 ºC.

Southern subregion

It includes the following climatic regions:

• Maritime was formed in European countries adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. It is characterized by mild winters without negative average temperatures. The summer period is moderately warm. Winds in the region are strong and blow frequently, rains are plentiful.
• Transitional from maritime to continental. In winter, a snow cover forms, which does not lie for a long time. Within 2-3 months the average temperatures are below zero. The summer period is hotter and more humid. Spring and autumn are distinctly expressed. The climate was formed in the eastern part of the German-Polish lowland.
• Continental is located on the territory of the plains near the Danube. In summer temperatures reach +22-24 ºC. Little precipitation falls. In winter, frosty winds from the east and north are frequent guests, causing a rapid drop in temperatures.
• Hercynian midlands. Humidity in this area is high compared to the plains located at the foot. The western slopes are more abundantly rained than the eastern ones. The temperatures in the mountains are lower, and the snow cover lasts for 3-5 months.
• Alpine is characterized by high humidity, mountain peaks with low temperatures, snow cover and glaciers.

subtropical belt

The subtropical climatic zone of Eurasia runs through the entire continent from one ocean to another. In his power is the entire southern part of the Old World, the highlands of Western Asia up to 30º N. sh., the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula, Tibet and the river basin. Yangtze. characteristic feature It can be said that in summer the air is dry and hot, and in winter it is humid and warm.

The climatic zones of Eurasia are subdivided into smaller areas with special conditions. Their value depends, first of all, on the relief and the proximity of large water bodies. In the subtropical zone, the following climatic zones are distinguished:

• The marine Mediterranean was formed on some peninsulas (Apennines, Balkans) from the sea and is distinguished by hot summers and mild winters.
• Continental Mediterranean is located in the European part of the countries mediterranean sea, western and South coast In terms of weather conditions, it is similar to the previous one. The temperature in winter in different areas ranges from +2 to +12 ºC. In flat areas, about 500-600 mm of precipitation falls annually, and in mountainous areas up to 3000 mm.
• Continental. There is little precipitation: 100-400 mm per year, the main part falls on autumn winter period. Formed in the highlands of Western Asia, in the north of the Arabian Peninsula. During the year, temperature fluctuations reach 90ºС.
• The high-mountain sub-region is located in the region of Tibet. In winter, little snow falls, summers are dry and cold. Only the east of Tibet is rich in precipitation, which is supplied with monsoon moisture from Pacific Ocean. Dry and cool air is recorded here year-round.
• Monsoon. The eastern part of the Yangtze has a climate with high humidity. Monsoon from the Pacific Ocean brings rain in the summer, when they fall ¾ of the annual rate. Fronts contribute to precipitation during the cold season. Depending on the relief, their number per year ranges from 700 to 2000 mm.

tropical belt

The mainland of Eurasia has various climatic zones, including the tropical trade wind. It includes: the Thar desert, the south of the Arabian Peninsula and the southern part Tropical air masses. In summer it is hot, winter is warm. High temperature fluctuations during the day. There is a lack of precipitation in the region, for the most part their annual amount does not exceed 100 mm. The exception is the Yemeni mountains, where they fall 400-1000 mm.

subequatorial belt

It was formed on the territory of Ceylon, the Hindustan and Indochina peninsulas, southern China and a number of other islands. In winter, dry air masses come from the continent, and in summer - wet from the Indian Ocean. Spring is the hottest time. The winter-spring period is very dry, and the summer-autumn period is wet.

If we compare the climatic zones of Eurasia, then the subequatorial zone has very contrasting half-years. Dry and wet periods alternate throughout the year.

Brief description of the climatic zones of Eurasia

climate zone	Dominant air	Description
Arctic	Arctic	Dry and cold
Subarctic	Arctic in winter, temperate in summer	Winters are cold and dry, summers are wet and moderately warm
Moderate	Moderate	Depends on the season
Subtropical	Moderate in winter, tropical in summer	Winters are humid and moderately warm, summers are dry and warm
Tropical	Tropical	Warm and dry
subequatorial	Tropical in winter, equatorial in summer	Winters are warm and dry, summers are warm and humid.
Equatorial	Equatorial	Warm and humid

equatorial belt

If you arrange the climatic zones of Eurasia, the table will turn out to be very bloated due to their number. The equatorial belt is the southernmost region of the continent. It was formed on most of the islands and peninsulas near the equator. Precipitation throughout the year is evenly distributed with 2 peak periods.

Other climatic zones of Eurasia do not have such high average annual temperatures as this one. The amount of precipitation is 1500-4000 mm per year.

Eurasia is the largest continent on the planet. The climate of the continent is very diverse. What is causing this? In what climatic zones is the continent of Eurasia located? Let's try to answer all these questions in our article.

Description of the mainland

Three quarters of the world's population live in Eurasia. This is not surprising, because in terms of its size, the mainland is the largest on Earth. It occupies 35% of the earth's land, and its area is about 54 million square meters. km.

The main part of Eurasia belongs to the Northern Hemisphere, while some islands that belong to the mainland are located in the southern half of the planet. In ancient times, two parts of the continent - Europe and Asia - were perceived separately. They were even considered different continents. Now the division between the European and Asian parts of the continent is carried out only conditionally. The boundaries for this are mountains (Ural mountain range), Kuma, Manych), seas (Caspian, Black, Mediterranean, Aegean), as well as straits (Gibraltar, Bosphorus, Dardanelles).

The continent is washed by the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic oceans. The extreme points of the mainland are Russian in the north, Malaysian in the south. The Portuguese Cape Roca is the extreme point in the west, and the Russian one in the east

Factors of climate formation in Eurasia

The climatic zones in which Eurasia is located were primarily influenced by: a significant length and geographical location. From north to south, the continent stretched for 8 thousand km, while covering a significant territory.

So, in what climatic zones is Eurasia located? Due to its location between the Arctic Circle and the Equator, all belts are present on the mainland. The elongation of the mainland from west to east is main reason amazing variety of natural and climatic zones.

Relief is important. The continent contains some of the world's most extensive plains. Winters are cold in these areas, while summers are hot and dry. Numerous mountain systems of the mainland create barriers to air masses, preventing warm south winds to the north, and cold and dry - to the south.

A significant role in the formation of the Eurasian climate is played by oceanic basins and indented coastlines. Along the edges of the continent, the marine type of climate prevails, in the interior - continental. Warm and cold currents in the oceans affect annual changes in coastal temperatures as well as precipitation.

In what climatic zones is the territory of Eurasia located?

We found out the main reasons for the formation of climate on the mainland. Now let's talk in more detail about the climatic zones in which Eurasia is located.

Arctic belt. It is located in the extreme north of the mainland, including the islands that are located in the Arctic Ocean. Dry frosty air, biting winds and high Atmosphere pressure are typical features of the Arctic climate zone. Air temperatures here throughout the year rarely rise above zero, precipitation is about 250 mm.

subarctic belt. It is distinguished by milder climatic conditions, it acts as a kind of buffer zone between the arctic and temperate zones. It occupies a strip of the northern part of the continent, including Iceland and part of Scandinavia. In summer it is affected moderate winds and the temperature does not exceed +20. In winter, cold arctic winds blow here, the temperature can drop to -50 degrees.

Temperate zone. It runs along the entire continent below. It occupies most of Europe and Central Asia. Within it formed Various types climate, which largely depend on proximity to the oceans. The seasons clearly follow each other, the temperature fluctuations during the year are very significant.

subtropical belt. It covers China and the Japanese islands, Iran, Armenia, Italy, Greece, etc. Winters are mild, cool and humid, and summers are hot and dry.

Tropical belt. Includes southwestern Asia and absent from Europe. It also has very warm winters.

Subequatorial belt. Covers the Philippines and northern Sri Lanka. Humid air masses in summer are replaced by dry ones in winter.

equatorial belt. It occupies the southern part of Sri Lanka, the Malay Islands. It is dominated by high temperatures and heavy rainfall, and the winds bring humid sea air.

Conclusion

Most of the Eurasian continent is located in the Northern Hemisphere. This had a significant impact on the climatic zones in which Eurasia is located. So, on the territory of the mainland there are arctic, subarctic, temperate, subtropical, tropical, subequatorial and equatorial belts.

The vast size of the territory of Eurasia and the nature of the relief determine the main features of its climate. High mountains close the mainland from the south and east from the penetration of the air masses of the Pacific and Indian oceans deep into the mainland. In the west and north, Eurasia is "open" to the influence of the Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean.

Eurasia is located in all climatic zones Northern hemisphere: from arctic to equatorial. However, the temperate zone occupies the largest areas. In the marginal regions, the maritime climate prevails, while in the interior - continental and sharply continental.

IN arctic And subarctic belts There is a sharp difference between the western regions with a maritime climate (with a small temperature range, high precipitation, relatively warm winters and cool summers) and the eastern regions with a continental climate (very cold winters, up to -40 ... -45 ° C and much less precipitation) .

Within temperate zone There are 4 climatic regions. The maritime climate of the west coast is formed under the influence of the Atlantic air masses. Here summers are cool, winters are relatively warm. Precipitation is distributed evenly throughout the year. During the passage of cyclones, the weather changes rapidly, in summer there may be cold snaps, in winter thaws. Weather instability, relatively wet winters are also characteristic of the temperate continental (transitional from maritime to continental) climate, characteristic of Central and Eastern Europe. With distance from the ocean, the annual temperature amplitude increases (due to more cold winter) and reduced precipitation. There is more precipitation in summer than in winter. Beyond the Yenisei, in Eastern Siberia and Central Asia, the climate is sharply continental with very cold, dry winters and hot, moderately humid summers. On the east coast of the mainland, a monsoonal climate prevails with warm, humid summers and cold, dry winters.

IN subtropical zone three climatic regions. The west is dominated by a Mediterranean climate with dry, hot summers and wet winters. This is due to the fact that in summer dry tropical air comes here, and in winter - sea air from temperate latitudes. In the highlands of Asia Minor, northern Iran and Armenia, a continental subtropical climate is common with cold winters (temperatures can drop below 0 ° C) and hot, very dry summers (a small amount of precipitation falls mainly in the winter-spring period). To the east of the mainland, the subtropics are represented by a monsoon climate area with a summer maximum of precipitation.

IN tropical zone on the Arabian Peninsula, in Mesopotamia, in the south of the Iranian Highlands and in the lower Indus basin, very dry and hot continental air masses dominate throughout the year. Summers are very hot (up to +30...+35 °c), winters are warm (+18...+24 °c). The amount of precipitation on the plains rarely exceeds 200 mm; in a number of desert places, no more than 50 mm of precipitation falls annually. In the east, the tropical belt wedges out.

Between 10-20°N on the Hindustan and Indochina peninsulas, as well as in the extreme south of China, is located subequatorial belt with monsoon climate. Even further south, on the Malay Peninsula and the islands of the Malay Archipelago, the equatorial belt is widespread with a constantly hot (above +25 ° C) and humid climate.

See also:

Map

General features of the climate of Eurasia

Definition 1

Eurasia is the largest and highest continent on the planet, which is washed by all the oceans of the Earth, and most of it is located between the equator and the Arctic Circle.

The climate of this continent is very diverse - its northern part is cold, and the southern part, on the contrary, is extremely hot, the central regions are rather arid, and the Atlantic and Pacific coasts are mostly humid.

The main reason for such heterogeneity is related to the position of the continent in all geographic zones of the Northern Hemisphere, which in turn leads to an uneven supply of solar radiation to the surface.

The second reason is different types circulation of air masses. Most of the mainland is under the influence of western transport. The tropical belt lies in the zone of action of the trade winds, and the extreme south and east are under the influence of monsoons.

The western transport of air masses intensifies in winter, at which time Atlantic cyclones dominate the entire territory of Europe. As a result, the air temperature in the northern and southern regions of the mainland differs little and the zonal temperature distribution is disturbed.

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This phenomenon led to the formation of an area of ​​high pressure, called the Asian High.

Continental moderate air masses from here spread in all directions. At this time, areas of low atmospheric pressure are formed over the Indian and Pacific oceans, so especially powerful air currents move here. This is the principle of dry and cold winter monsoons.

With the onset of the summer period, the western transfer of air masses weakens, and the zonal temperature distribution becomes more noticeable, which is manifested in the latitudinal strike of the July isotherms.

Figure 1. Climatic conditions of Eurasia. Author24 - online exchange of student papers

The Indo-Gangetic lowland, isolated by mountain barriers on all sides, becomes the place where the highest temperature on the mainland is established, an area of ​​\u200b\u200bvery low atmospheric pressure is formed here, called the South Asian Low.

The water surface of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, unlike most of Asia, is still cool in summer, so areas of high pressure arise above them, and air masses move from the oceans to land. This forms a powerful warm and humid summer monsoon.

The annual amount of precipitation on the mainland from its outskirts to the central regions naturally decreases and reaches its minimum. The reason is that the activity of western transport cyclones and monsoons is weakening, and the influence of dry continental air masses from the interior of Eurasia is increasing.

Climatic zoning of Eurasia

The belts and regions that stand out in the climatic zoning of Eurasia have the following types of climates: on the northern coast of the mainland in the polar belt, a severe arctic climate has formed. The temperatures of this belt vary from 0 degrees in summer to -40 degrees in winter, precipitation here falls from 100-200 mm, and sometimes less.

A narrow strip in front of the Arctic Circle is occupied by a transitional subarctic climate. Iceland is located within it, and part of the islands to the west of Scandinavia is the maritime region of the subarctic. Precipitation falls up to 700 mm. The winter temperature is -5…-10 degrees, and the summer is cold +10 degrees.

Approaching the Bering Strait, the belt expands. The July temperature here is not higher than +12 degrees, and the winters are harsh and long. There is also little precipitation - in the west, under the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, about 300 mm falls, and in the north-east of Siberia - less than 100 mm.

The temperate zone occupies a large area. Its border runs from the southern coast of the Bay of Biscay in the west and reaches the northern part of the Korean peninsula and the middle of the island of Honshu. Winds of temperate latitudes dominate here throughout the year.

Within Russia, the belt is divided into three regions:

• temperate continental,
• continental,
• monsoon.

The continentality of the climate increases from west to east of the mainland.

Within Europe, two subregions of the temperate zone are distinguished - northern and southern. In the northern subregion, summers are cool and short, with heavy rainfall, frequent fogs, and almost constant cloudiness.

In the southern subregion on the Atlantic coast, winters are mild without negative temperatures, and summers are moderately warm.

In the depths of the continent, summer is hot and humid, with a temperature of +22…+24 degrees.

A subtropical climate zone runs through the entire continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. It captures the southern part of Europe, the highlands of Western Asia, the northern part of Arabia, Tibet and the Yangtze basin. A feature of this belt is dry and hot air in summer and humid and warm in winter.

I must say that the climatic zones of the mainland are divided into smaller areas, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich depends on the proximity of water bodies and the nature of the relief. In the subtropics, zones are also distinguished:

marine Mediterranean - Apennine, Balkan Peninsula with hot summers and mild winters;

continental Mediterranean - the southern countries of this subbelt, the western and southern coast of the peninsula of Asia Minor. Both sub-belts are similar, the winter temperature here is +2 ... +12 degrees, precipitation is 500-600 mm, and in the mountains up to 3000 m;

continental covers the highlands of Western Asia and the north of Arabia. Annual temperature fluctuations here reach 90 degrees.

Tibet is an alpine subregion with dry and cold summers and little snow in winters. Precipitation falls in the east of the mountains, brought by the monsoons from the Pacific Ocean.

The eastern part of the Yangtze basin is characterized by high humidity. Rains in the summer period bring monsoons from the Pacific Ocean, the amount of which varies from 700 to 2000 mm during the year depending on the relief.

The tropical belt also has its differences: the tropical trade winds - the Thar (Tar) desert, located in the southeast of Pakistan, the south of Arabia, the south of the Iranian highlands. During the year, tropical air masses dominate here, so summers are hot and winters are warm. Daily temperature fluctuations are high and there is an acute lack of precipitation, not exceeding 100 mm.

The Yemeni mountains are an exception - on the slopes falls from 400 to 1000 mm.

The transitional subequatorial belt occupies the island of Sri Lanka, two peninsulas - Hindustan, Indochina, southern China and other islands. In winter, dry air coming from the continent dominates here, and in summer wet air from the Indian Ocean. The hottest time of the year is spring. Precipitation time - summer and autumn, i.e. dry and wet seasons alternate.

In the south of the mainland, on most of the islands and peninsulas, an equatorial belt has formed, where precipitation is distributed evenly throughout the year. Their total number is 1500-4000 mm. Average annual temperatures are very high here.

Climatic anomalies of Eurasia

On this vast continent there are places whose climatic conditions are of great surprise.

For example, the third part of the Arabian Peninsula is the largest sandy desert in the world, located on the territory of the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Yemen.

The temperature in this hot desert reaches + 56 degrees. The climate is very dry and rainfall is less than 3 cm per year.

Iran is home to the hottest place on the planet, the Dashti Lut Desert. In 2005, a thermometer recorded an air temperature of +70.7 degrees here. The desert attracts with the beauty of its dunes, reaching a height of 500 m.

There are also the coldest places in Eurasia - this is the village of Oymyakon, located on the territory of Russia. It is the real cold pole of the Northern Hemisphere. The village is located in a hollow where cold air flows in winter. The weather is calm, but this stagnant cold penetrates through and through. According to measurements, the temperature minimum is from -77.8 to -82 degrees. The difference between summer and winter temperatures reaches 104 degrees.

The highest temperature was recorded here in the summer of 2010 and amounted to +34.6 degrees. Snow in Oymyakon lies from 213 to 229 days. There are streams here that do not freeze at -70 degrees and there are icings that do not melt at a temperature of +30 degrees.

Remark 1

Most wet place on the planet is also located in Eurasia - this is a small town in India called Cherrapunji. The average annual air temperature in it is +17.3 degrees. During the year, 12 thousand mm of precipitation falls in this town. There is no wetter place on Earth.

You will learn:

In what climatic zones is Eurasia located?

What types of climate have formed on the mainland

Remember:

Main and transitional climatic zones and their features

The geographical position, the vast size of Eurasia and the complex relief determine the diversity of its climatic conditions. Eurasia is located in all climatic zones of the Northern Hemisphere, within which all types of Earth's climate are distinguished.

1 Arctic and subarctic climate.

For the northernmost islands of Eurasia, and in the Asian part and for the coast of the mainland, which is adjacent to the Arctic Ocean, an arctic climate is characteristic. Dry and cold arctic air dominates here throughout the year.

The subarctic belt stretches in a narrow strip, capturing the island of Iceland, the northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and gradually expanding to the east. The climate here is subarctic with long severe winters and relatively warm, but short summer. Arctic air masses dominate in winter, and moderate air masses in summer. On the south coast Barents Sea and in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, winters are more humid and mild, and summers are cool, which is associated with the influence of the warm Norwegian current (an offshoot of the North Atlantic).

2 Types of temperate climate.

The widest and most massive part of Eurasia is located within the temperate climate zone (Fig. 1). Due to the elongation from west to east and the variety of landforms, four climatic regions are distinguished within its boundaries.

The maritime climate area includes the extreme west of Eurasia along the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. Here, throughout the year, the climate is formed under the influence of air masses from the Atlantic Ocean. Summers are cool, winters are relatively warm. Precipitation falls throughout the year. During the passage of cyclones, the weather changes rapidly, with cold snaps in summer and thaws in winter.

In the east, up to the Ural Mountains, there is an area of ​​temperate continental climate, changing from maritime to continental. As the distance from the ocean increases, the difference between summer and winter temperatures increases, winter becomes colder, there is less precipitation, and they fall mainly in summer.

A significant part of Asia beyond the Urals—Siberia and Central Asia—is located in the region of the continental climate, where continental air masses dominate all year round. During the long winter, the land surface becomes very cold, and overheats in summer, creating large temperature contrasts between seasons. Air masses from the oceans almost do not reach here, so there is little precipitation. The absence of snow in winter leads to freezing of the soil to a great depth.

In the east of Eurasia lies the monsoon climate region, which is characterized by sharp differences in temperature, precipitation and moisture in summer and winter. The summer monsoon brings humid air from the Pacific Ocean, so the summers here are warm and rainy. The winter monsoon carries cold continental air from the interior of the highly chilled part of the mainland, where in winter

an area of ​​high pressure is formed. As a result, winters are dry and frosty, with strong winds.

4 Climate of subtropical, tropical, subequatorial and equatorial zones.

The subtropical climatic zone runs through the whole of Eurasia from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese Islands in the east. There are areas of Mediterranean, continental and monsoon climate.

The area of ​​subtropical Mediterranean climate covers the territory of the Mediterranean coast in the south-west of Eurasia. In summer, the Mediterranean is under the influence of tropical air masses, dry hot weather sets in. In winter, winds from the Atlantic Ocean bring humid air from temperate latitudes, so winters are rainy and warm (Fig. 2a).

In the central part of the subtropical zone, the climate is subtropical continental with hot summers, cold winters and little rainfall. In the east of the subtropical climatic zone, there is an area of ​​the subtropical monsoon climate with its characteristic seasonally wet precipitation regime (Fig. 2b).

The dry desert tropical climate of the tropical climatic zone is formed on the Arabian Peninsula, in the south of the Iranian Highlands, and in a part of the lowland along the Indus River (Fig. 2c).

In the east, the tropical zone is replaced by a subequatorial zone with a monsoonal climate. Such a shift of the subequatorial belt far to the north is due to the influence of monsoons from the Indian Ocean. In summer, the peninsulas of Hindustan, Indochina, and the Philippine Islands are dominated by humid equatorial air brought by the monsoon, so summer in the subequatorial zone is hot and very humid (Fig. 3, 4).

In winter, the territory of the peninsulas is influenced by the dry winter monsoon that blows from the mainland. As a result, in the north, the subequatorial belt borders on the subtropical. This is the only place on Earth where such a “neighborhood” is observed.

The equatorial belt covers the Malay Peninsula and most of the Sunda Islands. Equatorial air masses and low atmospheric pressure prevail here. Updrafts of air promote fallout a large number precipitation - 1000-3000 mm per year, which are distributed evenly throughout the year. Constantly high air temperatures are kept at the level of +24...+28 °С.

1 Main

Eurasia is located in all climatic zones of the Earth. Most of the mainland lies in the temperate climate zone. It is characterized by a significant heterogeneity of climatic conditions when moving from west to east.

Only in Eurasia does the tropical climatic zone not form a continuous band; in Southeast Asia, the subtropical and subequatorial belts border.

Eurasia is dominated by territories with continental types of climate.

Questions and tasks for self-examination

1. In what climatic zones is Eurasia located? What is the reason for this? 2. In what climatic zones of Eurasia are several climatic regions? Why? 3. In what climatic zones are areas with a continental type of climate represented? What explains their presence? 4. Which climatic zone occupies the most

rice. 3. Cherrapunji is the wettest place on the planet. The town is located in India in the middle of a mountain valley in a kind of funnel at an altitude of 1300 m above sea level. Monsoons from the ocean carry moist air, meet mountains on the way, and trying to overcome them, they give off a huge amount of moisture. The average rainfall is 11,430 mm per year. The record amount of precipitation was observed in 1861 - 22,987 mm! All precipitation falls in five months of almost continuous downpours. Then comes the dry season.

rice. 4. Climatic diagram of the subequatorial zone of Eurasia.

large area? 5. In what climate zone is Ukraine located? What type of climate is typical for its territory?

Practical work 11

Determination of climate types within the temperate climatic zone of Eurasia using climate diagrams.

1. Determine which types of climate in the temperate zone correspond to the climatic diagrams in fig. 1 paragraph. 2. Compose brief description every type of climate. 3. Give examples of mainland areas where each type of climate is common. Present your answer in the form of a table (in a notebook).

Practical task

Compare the set and placement of the climatic zones of Eurasia and North America using the maps of the atlas.

This is textbook material.