For residents of country cottages, an important task is the installation of a heating system. If in summer you can freely do without heating, then in winter heating devices are unlikely to save you from frost.

Heating methods

Installation of the heating system in the cottage can be carried out in two ways. The first option involves connecting the coolant through a common heating plant, in which case heat can be supplied simultaneously to several houses. The advantage of the system is the rapid elimination of accidents at the CHP. But the system has a number of disadvantages, including:

• increased likelihood of water hammer;
• inability to control temperature;
• You can start heating only during the heating season.

The local heating system outperforms central system. First of all, the probability of occurrence of water hammer is reduced. You can use any fuel and apply heating at the time when it is needed. The disadvantage of the system is only the high cost of heating.

What radiators to choose?

Despite the varieties of the heating system, in any case, special equipment is required, with the help of which heat enters the cottage: heating radiators, batteries. All heating equipment can be divided into 4 types:

1) Cast iron radiators are excellent coolants. But they are not without the risk of water hammer, which can damage them during the heating season. Since the inner surface of the radiator is rough, it is able to accumulate limescale, which blocks the flow of heat into the room. When choosing a cast-iron radiator for a cottage, it should be taken into account that a local heating system is installed.

2) Steel radiators are more resistant to water hammer and do not have the disadvantages of cast iron batteries, they transfer heat better. But they are not resistant to corrosion, rust can form on the inner wall, which forces the batteries to be carefully maintained, or too frequent replacement will be required.

3) Aluminum radiators they are lightweight, conduct heat well, are resistant to corrosion, but are not able to withstand water hammer. If the cottage uses a local heating system, then such a radiator can be an excellent solution.

4) Bimetal radiators the most efficient. They are resistant to corrosion, water hammer, do not form scale on the inner surface, give off more heat. Among the shortcomings, only the high price was revealed.

Scheme of the cottage heating system

One of the most common cases of heating systems is a water heating system, using radiators under the windows.

There are 3 different schemes by which it is possible to implement the distribution of pipes of the heating system - these are single-pipe, two-pipe and manifold.

One-pipe heating scheme - this is such a closed circuit in which water flows through pipes and a radiator, and then, when it leaves the last radiator, it returns to the boiler again. Thus, the temperature of the cottage will be uneven. Usually it is installed in small houses and cottages, where the water does not cool down quickly.

Two-pipe heating scheme - in this case, all radiators will be connected to the hot water pipeline in parallel.

1. Requirements for the placement and connection of the boiler.
2. Norms affecting smoke exhaust systems.
3. Fire safety rules.

1. Installation rules, availability of water treatment systems and security groups.
2. Protection against power outages and power surges in the network, leading to failure of automation and loss of boiler performance.
3. Features of operation.

Requirements for the location of the boiler in the cottage

• The minimum allowable room height is 2.5 m.
• It is allowed to build a built-in gas boiler in the cottage, at a distance of no more than 12 m from the exit from the residential building. From adjacent premises, the technical room is protected by walls with a fire resistance limit of at least 0.75 hours, provided that the fire spread limit is zero. The thickness of the walls of the boiler room, not less than 15 cm.
• The norm of the boiler room area is calculated individually, depending on the number of units of heating equipment. But it should not be less than 8 m².
• Be sure to have natural light through a window opening with a window. The area of ​​the ventilation window is calculated according to the formula 0.01 m² for every 10 kW of boiler power.
• Technical conditions for installation in the basement of the cottage, allow you to connect heat generators with a capacity of not more than 40 kW. In other cases, the boiler room is located outside the heated building, in an annex or a separate room. This rule makes it possible to install the boiler in the basement, subject to the other technical conditions specified in SP 41-104-2000.
• During operation, the noise of the boiler is insignificant, therefore, there is no need to provide sound insulation of the boiler room.
• The room is equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, with a capacity equal to three times the air circulation of the room per hour.
• Hermetic lamps with metal protection are installed in the boiler room.
• Doors must open outwards. At the bottom of the door leaf, provide an air vent.

Install module

The device of chimneys in cottages

The height of the pipe is calculated individually, depending on the distance from the ridge of the house.

As a chimney, well-insulated pipes are used, optimally - ceramics or a sandwich.

• A deflector (traction booster) is installed on the head.
• To prevent attenuation of the boiler, wind protection is provided.

When passing a roofing pie or floor slabs, a fireproof cut is installed.

Fire safety requirements for boiler rooms of cottages

• Before commissioning, an inspection by a fire inspector is mandatory, based on the results of which, permits for commissioning.
• Floors are lined with non-combustible materials: ceramic tiles or cement-sand screed.
• The minimum distance from the boiler to the opposite wall is at least 1 m.
• Chimney pipes when passing through walls, floor slabs and roofs are insulated with mineral, basalt insulation.
• Mandatory installation of automatic fire alarms and personal protective equipment, and fire extinguishing.

What is better and more economical for a cottage - gas boiler or electric

• The cost of installation - to obtain permission, to lay a gas pipeline to the house, to complete project documentation, in some regions of the Russian Federation, costs between $ 2000-3000. The cost of installing an electric boiler will be $ 300-500.
• Energy dependence - the operation of the electric boiler is completely dependent on the availability of electricity in the network. gas boiler with UPS, microprocessor automation and pumping equipment, able to work for several days after a power outage.
• Cost price - the price is affected by the type of heating gas boiler for the cottage, as well as the manufacturer. Domestic units with an atmospheric burner cost almost the same as electric boilers.
• Technical requirements - higher standards are imposed on gas equipment, affecting installation, placement and subsequent operation.
• Fuel costs - an electric boiler spends 2-3 times more money for heating than a gas counterpart.

Selection of pipes and radiators

The following types of pipes can be used for the heating system of an individual house:

• Polypropylene;
• PEX-a (cross-linked polyethylene pipes);
• metal-plastic;
• Copper;
• Steel.

The most popular are polypropylene and cross-linked polyethylene pipes due to ease of installation, low cost, high performance parameters. Copper pipes are the most expensive, but the most reliable and durable material due to the thermal conductivity of copper. Copper pipes are not afraid of water hammer and can withstand temperatures up to 500 degrees. Stainless steel pipes are also quite durable, but due to the complexity of installation, the cost of the heating system is quite high. Another inexpensive material is metal-plastic pipes. They are easy to install, great for creating a hidden collector heating system, since they do not collapse upon contact with concrete, they are distinguished by a low coefficient of thermal expansion.

Heating radiators are divided into groups according to their design (panel, tubular, sectional) and according to the materials of manufacture. In heating systems of cottages, it is advisable to use sectional radiators, which can be cast iron, aluminum, bimetallic. The latter are most in demand, as they are durable, perfectly withstand high pressure, and are characterized by high heat transfer. Bimetal radiators are made of aluminum-coated steel, have an attractive design, are supplied with adjustment devices for installation comfortable temperature. It is better to entrust the choice of a specific type of radiators and the calculation of the number of sections to specialists. More details in the article: The choice of pipes for heating and water supply.

In a heating system with natural circulation, the coolant moves through the pipes due to the difference in the physical characteristics of the liquids. This happens as follows: the water, leaving the boiler, has a very high temperature and low density. Due to thermal expansion, it passes through the supply pipe and pushes the liquid in front of it, which gave up its energy to the radiators, cooled down and became less dense. Thus, due to the difference in the physical characteristics of water in the "supply" and "return", a pressure difference arises, which supports the natural circulation of the coolant in the mains.

Schematic diagram of a natural circulation system

The main advantage of such a system is independence from the mains - there is no pump connected to it in this circuit. Therefore, in the event of a power outage, the heating in the house will function as it should.

This is especially important for those cottages that are located in remote and inaccessible areas, where, for one reason or another, power outages often occur.

You may be interested in information- heating convector

Another advantage of the natural circulation of the coolant is simplicity. But this statement can be considered controversial. On the one hand, this is true - there is no pump in the circuit, the system is simpler and therefore more reliable - fewer elements mean fewer potential breakdowns and failures. On the other hand, when arranging heating with natural circulation of the coolant, a complex hydraulic calculation of the supply and discharge lines is necessary.

Natural water circulation

Important! It should be understood that it makes sense to equip such a housing heating system only if the total area of ​​\u200b\u200ball rooms is less than 150 m2. Otherwise, the length of the pipes will be unnecessarily high, and it is unrealistic to ensure acceptable circulation of the coolant in them without using a pump.

The complete opposite is a forced circulation heating system. Here, the pressure to the coolant is reported by a pump connected to the mains. This allows you to create an efficient heating of the cottage in conditions of long supply and return lines. In addition, the presence of a pump simplifies the hydraulic calculation of pipelines and deprives you of the need to lay them on a slope.

Forced circulation heating system

But these advantages are followed by their disadvantages of a forced circulation heating system. The first is the dependence of the circuit on the availability of electricity. If the latter is turned off, the heating efficiency of the room may noticeably decrease. Installing a backup generator or batteries will help fix the problem. The second drawback is the presence in the circuit of a complex technical device, which under certain conditions can fail. Other things being equal, a system with forced circulation is less reliable than a scheme with natural movement of the coolant. The choice of these two options is yours. "About how it works individual heating in the apartment, you can read in our article.

Circulation pump installation

The construction of country houses is becoming increasingly popular among the population. Settlements are built from cottages or individual mansions. One of the main conditions for comfortable living in cottages is good system heating. As a rule, there are no central heating mains in these places.

Therefore, the heating system is created offline and designed at the stage of building a house. What heating is the most optimal - we will find out right now from a small publication.

Cottage heating system

The project must take into account the area of ​​​​the house, its number of storeys, as well as the materials used in the construction and insulation of the building. Heating of the cottage should be carried out by professionals who will ensure compliance with all the features of the building design. I make correct measurements and calculations.

Heating scheme of the cottage

Structure of the water heating system

Heating is the most diverse and the most common is the water heating system. The water-type heating system includes elements such as:

1. boiler to provide a source of heat;
2. a device that provides air flow to the combustion products chamber;
3. pumps that allow the heat carrier to circulate along the main;
4. main pipes and various fittings;
5. thermal radiators.

All these elements are closed in one single system heating and function as a single mechanism.

Heating water supply of the cottage

Features of choosing a heating boiler

One of the important elements of the heating system is the boiler. There are various models that operate on different form fuel. Each type of this equipment has its own characteristics and advantages. Taking into account specifications the boiler can be selected according to the following parameters:

1) According to the number of boiler circuits. Boilers are divided into two types: single-circuit and double-circuit. A device with one circuit is designed to heat the heat carrier that circulates through the heating system lines. A boiler is also connected to them to provide the cottage with hot water for technical purposes. Dual-circuit devices operate in two directions independently of each other. One of them is directly responsible for the heating system, the other for providing hot water.

2) By type of fuel used. Heating of the cottage is varied and can work on different fuels. The most convenient and economical type of fuel is natural gas. Boiler efficiency gas type reaches 95%. If condensing type boilers are used, the coefficient reaches 100%.

Taking into account the fact that not all territories have access to the central gas pipeline, the most popular are boilers operating on solid or liquid fuels. Electric type boilers are also common in use. Moreover, their use in cottages is convenient and safe. The disadvantages in the operation of the device include the high cost of electricity and the constant growth of tariffs for it. It is possible to reduce the cost of electric heating by installing alternative heat sources.

In addition, boilers operating on liquid fuel, in the form of diesel or fuel oil, are used to heat the cottage. Heat sources for solid fuel boilers are coal, wood, pellets and other raw materials.

3) According to the power of the device. Depending on the area of ​​the cottage, it is necessary to choose a boiler of the appropriate capacity. The cost of equipment depends directly on the power, the more it is, the higher the cost. Nevertheless, it is not worth saving, purchasing a device less than the required power will lead to incomplete heating of the house. The boiler should ideally be slightly larger than the required power.

Heating of a private cottage house

Heating boiler installation

Almost all cottages have a large area, so powerful equipment is needed to heat them. Accordingly, a separate room is required for its placement, which is determined at the stage of drawing up the cottage project. For their installation, a special concrete base is prepared.

The boiler room must necessarily have ventilation, in the form of a through hole to the street. It is also necessary to determine a place for a chimney that provides draft for an uninterrupted combustion process.

In cottages with a small area, the best option is to use a wall-mounted boiler, the installation of which is allowed even in the kitchen.

Main heating system

The main heating system is formed from pipes and radiators. To ensure high-quality heating of the cottage, two-level piping and a pump for circulating the heat carrier are used. This type of heating system provides all areas of the house with heat, distributing it evenly over the entire area of ​​the house.

Heating is created using polypropylene, other materials are present. The most popular are polypropylene pipes, as well as from metal plastic. They are durable, reliable and sufficiently resistant to corrosion. When installing the mains of the heating system, copper pipes are also used, which are quite expensive in price.

Radiators of the heating system come in various modifications. Currently, devices made of steel and aluminum are widely used. To improve the heat output of the device, bimetallic type radiators are used, in which a steel core and an aluminum frame are combined. Thanks to the development of technologies for the production of radiators, they are equipped with thermostats, which achieve a comfortable temperature in the cottage.

Professional design of the heating system in the cottage and its correct installation will ensure comfort and coziness in the house, as well as durability and reliability during operation.

Designing and installing a heating system on your own is a complex task. To solve it, it is necessary to first solve a series important issues- choose the best option for an energy carrier, determine the layout of pipes and radiators. That is why the practical implementation of the cottage heating system with your own hands is important: schemes, projects.

Cottage heating schemes - piping

This article will only cover water heating do-it-yourself cottage, as one of the most optimal and economical. Along with it, it is possible to equip additional heat supply systems - geothermal and PLEN. Thanks to them, operating costs will be reduced and the level of living comfort in the cottage will increase.

Any cottage heating project begins with the selection of a piping layout. The rate of heating of radiators, the maintainability of the system and the possibility of expansion to heat additional premises or household buildings will depend on it.

One-pipe cottage system

Installation of a single-pipe circuit is one of the most simple ways make turnkey cottage heating. Its design principle is to install only one line, to which radiators are connected in series.

It requires powerful gas boilers for heating the cottage, since as hot water passes through the radiators, a significant decrease in its temperature will be observed. The single-pipe scheme is distinguished by ease of installation and low costs for the purchase of materials. However, at present, this cottage heating system scheme is practically not used for the following reasons:

• Problems when performing hydraulic and thermal calculations. It is difficult to predict the possible pressure in the cottage heating system, since the characteristics of the coolant change as it cools;
• The difficulty of adjusting the degree of heating of the batteries. Limiting the flow of coolant into one of them will change the thermal mode of operation of the entire system;
• Limited number of connected batteries.

That is why this cottage heating scheme is used for buildings whose area does not exceed 50 m². To be able to dismantle or repair radiators, each of them must be equipped with a bypass.

Two-pipe cottage heating scheme

To improve operational parameters, it is recommended to install a two-pipe heating system for the cottage. It differs from the above by the presence of an additional line - a return pipe. In this case, the radiators are connected in parallel.

If you plan to heat the cottage with gas, you need to take care of reducing its consumption. This can be done in several ways. But the most optimal is the installation of a two-pipe heating system for the cottage. For independent design and selection of materials for installation according to this scheme, it is necessary to take into account the following points:

• Mandatory calculation of the diameter of the pipes to minimize hydraulic losses and prevent a decrease in pressure in the heating system of the cottage;
• The consumption of material compared to a single-pipe will increase at least twice. This will affect the overall budget for creating a cottage heating project;
• Mandatory installation of thermostats on radiators. With their help, you can change the heating of devices without affecting the overall parameters of the system.

Design flexibility is inherent in this scheme of the cottage heating system. If necessary, additional risers (horizontal or vertical) can be installed to connect new radiators or conduct heat supply to another room or building.

For improvement appearance rooms, you can choose a cottage heating scheme with hidden pipe installation. However, it is necessary to provide access to the key nodes of the system.

Collector heat supply of the cottage

How to properly make heating in a cottage if its area is equal to or exceeds 200 m². Even the installation of a two-pipe system in this case would be impractical. To resolve this issue, it is best to use collector wiring pipelines.

Currently, this is one of the most difficult ways to organize the heating of a cottage with your own hands. To evenly distribute the coolant over a large area of ​​the building, a multipath piping layout is used. Immediately after the boiler, the main and return collectors are installed, to which several independent lines are connected. Unlike the two-pipe heating system of the cottage, the collector provides for the possibility of regulating the operation of heat supply for each individual circuit. To do this, control devices are installed - temperature controllers and flow meters.

The features of the collector heating of a cottage made by one's own hands include:

• Uniform distribution of heat over all circuits, regardless of their distance;
• The possibility of using pipes of small diameter - up to 20 mm. This is due to the small length of each node of the system;
• Increased pipe consumption. In order to properly make collector heating in a cottage, it is necessary to draw up a pipeline installation scheme in advance. They can be wall or floor mounted;
• Mandatory installation of a pump for each circuit. This is due to the large hydraulic resistance that occurs in the collector. It can interfere with the circulation of the coolant.

During the selection of a ready-made heating supply project for a cottage or when it is independently compiled, it is necessary to take into account the heat losses of the building. The estimated power of the entire system will depend on them.

For two and three-story cottages with a large area, a heat supply system scheme with several distribution manifolds is best suited.

Cottage gas heating

One and best options to create a scheme for maintaining a comfortable temperature in country house is heating the cottage with gas. To do this, it is necessary to connect to a central distribution line or arrange a place to store cylinders. An alternative to such an organization is the installation of a gas tank - a special gas storage.

But at the first stage it is necessary to choose the right boiler for heating the cottage. It must provide optimal power for the entire system, be reliable and functional.

Choosing a boiler to complete the heating system of the cottage

The main parameter of any heating review is its rated power. The same applies to boilers for heating the cottage. To calculate this parameter, it is best to use special software systems. The heat loss of the building must first be calculated.

After determining the nominal power of the boiler, you should select its model. The main parameters are its functional and operational characteristics:

• Installation method- floor or wall. If a heating scheme for a small cottage is chosen, you can stop at wall models. For houses with a large area, it is necessary to install powerful gas boilers. They are mostly floor mounted;
• The presence of a second circuit water heating for hot water supply;
• Boiler control and safety devices. They will ensure optimal pressure in the heating system of the cottage. This parameter for a closed system with forced circulation varies from 3 to 6 atm.

An important point is the preliminary calculation of gas consumption for heating the cottage. This parameter is indicated by the manufacturer in the passport. For appliances with a power of 24 kW, the average consumption is 1.12 m³ per hour. Accordingly, in order to obtain the preliminary gas consumption for heating the cottage, this value must be multiplied first by 24, and then by the number of days in the heating season.

The installation of gas boilers for heating the cottage must be carried out by companies with a license to carry out this type of work. Otherwise, representatives management company will have the right to disconnect the house from the central highway.

Additional heating equipment for the cottage

Professional heating planning in a cottage involves the selection of all system components according to pre-calculated parameters. Otherwise, even when installing a modern and economical gas boiler for heating the cottage, the efficiency of the entire system will be unsatisfactory.

It should be borne in mind that when purchasing a turnkey cottage heating project, it will be problematic to change any characteristics of the system components. Therefore, you need to familiarize yourself with the contents of the technical documentation in advance. To do this, you need to know the basic technical properties of the heating elements of the cottage:

• Radiators. With their help, heat energy is transferred from hot water to the room. An important parameter is specific power - W. This total value of the radiators installed in the room must correspond to the calculated value for the room;
• Pipelines. Their diameter and material of manufacture is affected by the thermal mode of operation of heating. Effective heating of the cottage with a gas boiler implies a low-temperature mode of operation - 55/40 or 65/50. This will reduce the gas consumption for heating the cottage. For such schemes, polymer pipes can be used;
• Security group. These include expansion tank, air vents and bleed valves. It is mandatory to provide for the installation of shut-off valves in critical sections of the highway - branches, when connecting radiators.

In practice, the configuration of the heating system largely depends on the characteristics of the building - its area, the degree of thermal insulation, the selected heating scheme. The parameters of each device must be pre-calculated.

For gas heating of the cottage, it is necessary to install a reliable carbon monoxide removal system - a chimney. For this, it is recommended to use sandwich chimneys.

Heating a cottage without gas - possible options

But what to do if there is no possibility of organizing gas heating for the cottage? Installing solid fuel boilers is not always advisable. Therefore, the owners of suburban real estate are considering alternative options heating the cottage without gas.

The easiest way to maintain a comfortable temperature in the rooms of the cottage is to install an electric heating boiler. It can be both the main source of thermal energy and auxiliary. However, it will be characterized by high costs for electricity consumption. This will significantly affect the family budget of those living in a large cottage.

Therefore, we propose to consider other alternative ways of heating a cottage without gas. Each of them has the specifics of maintenance and equipment and is not always suitable for organizing heat supply to a particular residential building.

Together with the installation of an electric boiler for heating the cottage, it is recommended to install a heat accumulator. With it, you can switch to the night mode of operation of the equipment - at this time there is a preferential tariff for paying for heating.

Stove heating of the cottage

During the initial analysis, it can be concluded that stove heating of cottages is inefficient. However, it is necessary to take into account the features of operation and characteristics of a country house - its total volume, degree of thermal insulation and frequency of residence.

For small buildings and in the absence of a gas main, combined heat supply can be made. Considering that stove heating is installed in many old cottages, a small modernization is being done to improve its characteristics:

• Installation of an electric boiler. It must necessarily have a coolant temperature sensor and a function to turn off the heating element when optimal water heating is reached. A heat exchanger is mounted in the furnace and connected to a common water heating system. As a result, the coolant is heated from it, and the electric boiler only maintains the desired temperature level;
• air heating. An air pocket is installed around the furnace firebox, which is isolated from the combustion chamber. Air lines are connected to this design, which deliver hot air to the cottage premises. Fans can be installed to increase the air exchange rate.

You can also stop at the traditional stove heating at home. Then you should make a system of air channels-chimneys. With their help, the wall next to which the stove is installed will heat up. Stove heating includes annual cleaning of chimneys. A large number of soot inside the pipes will worsen traction performance.