Do you think that heat bills are too high and the quality of service is unsatisfactory? Don't want to depend on planned and unplanned outages? Tired of abrupt temperature changes in batteries that do not correspond to weather changes? You have a perfectly legitimate opportunity to solve all these problems at once by installing your own heating boiler and disconnecting from the central heating network. But before you go to the plumbing store, you need to get as much information as possible on how to do everything correctly and in accordance with building codes. Do you want to arrange well? heating system in the apartment? Then get some basic information about this case here.

Pros and cons of autonomous heating in an apartment

How expedient is it to abandon centralized heating in apartment building? Let's start with an overview of the advantages that an autonomous heating system in an apartment can bring you.

Important! When changing the power of the heating boiler, observe the known limits. Do not reduce the temperature in the room to values ​​​​that are less than the figures prescribed in building codes. Otherwise, you will "freeze" neighboring apartments, which can lead to unwanted conflicts with neighbors.

Scheme depicting the autonomous heating system in the apartment. The boiler receives fuel from a gas supply line equipped with shutoff valves and a meter. Also connected to it is a feed cold water- the boiler is double-circuit, and, in addition to heating the apartment, it supplies residents with hot water. In the diagram, you can see that the cold water line going to the heater is equipped with a filter - its presence significantly extends the life of the equipment. Of course, the "supply" and "return" of the heating system also depart from the boiler, through which water enters the radiators and the "warm floor" system

It should be understood that independent heating of an apartment has its drawbacks and problems. If you are going to make autonomous heating at home, then be sure to read them so that they do not become an unpleasant surprise for you in the future. What should be d, you can find out in our article.

Now, having familiarized ourselves with the positive and negative sides of autonomous heating, we will tell you how to make it. The whole process can be represented as several steps performed sequentially.

1. Working with documents - obtaining permission to disconnect from district heating and arrange your own, autonomous system.
2. Selecting the power of the heating system for your apartment.
3. Choosing a boiler for autonomous heating
4. Installation work - installation of meters and a boiler, pipe laying, etc.

Competent work with documents is half the success

In the following sections of this article, we will cover all of these steps, but in more detail. So let's get started.

Preparation of documents for the arrangement of autonomous heating

The first 50% of success in arranging autonomous heating in an apartment is paperwork and going through a lot of bureaucratic delays. To make things easier for you, we have put together a sample step by step instructions on how to prepare the necessary papers and coordinate all the work.

Step 1. Collect a package of documents that you will need to obtain permission to disconnect from district heating and arrange autonomous heating:

• technical passport for the apartment:
• documents confirming the ownership of housing or their notarized copies;
• consent to the redevelopment of all who live in the apartment;
• application for disconnection from central heating;
• application for redevelopment of the apartment.

Step 2 Find out who owns the heating system. If it is a common house, then to disconnect from it and to connect autonomous heating, you will need to obtain the written consent of all the residents of the house.

Step 3 With an application for disconnection from central heating and other documents, contact the management company (or HOA).

Step 4 Within ten days, you must obtain permission to disconnect from the general heating network and technical specifications (abbreviated as TU) for a heating boiler and an autonomous heating system.

Important! If the management company denied you permission, find out the reason. If unfounded, challenge this decision in court. Remember, you have the right to autonomous heating in your own apartment.

Step 5 With technical conditions and other documents, contact a specialized organization that will draft an autonomous heating system. They must also determine whether you have the technical ability to equip such a system and whether it will harm other residents, the building itself and its utilities.

Step 6 Send an application for redevelopment along with the project, technical calculations and other documents to local governments. Within 45 days, they must issue you a permit for the arrangement of autonomous heating.

Step 7 If the installation of a gas boiler is implied, coordinate this event with the gas service in your city.

Step 8 If necessary, confirm with the fire department that your redevelopment project complies with all regulations.

Some bureaucratic aspects of paperwork and permits for autonomous heating in an apartment may differ in different regions. Check these points in advance with the local administration.

Important! Remember that any unauthorized work not agreed with the gas service and management company, are invalid. First, such conditions create a risk for you, your family and neighbors. Secondly, it threatens with problems with the law, courts, fines and an official requirement to dismantle autonomous heating in the apartment.

Boiler power selection for autonomous heating

During the preparation of the project and permission to install autonomous heating, it is necessary to determine what boiler capacity will be sufficient to heat your apartment. To do this, a simple calculation is performed using the following formula:

Q=S*P*K1*K2*K3*K4*K5*K6*K7*R

The result of the calculations is Q - sufficient power to heat the apartment, watts are used as units of measurement. As variable S, select the total area of ​​the apartment. P is the average amount of power sufficient to heat one square meter of a living room. In this case, it is equal to 100 W / m 2. Variables K1-K7 hide multipliers whose value depends on certain factors that can affect the efficiency of the heating system. You can find their meanings in the table. What is p , you can read in our article.

Table. Correction factors for calculating the power of the heating boiler.

Coefficient	What does	The values ​​of this coefficient
K1	Type of windows in the apartment	For a single double-glazed window - 1.27, for a two-chamber - 1, for a three-chamber - 0.85
K2	Type of external walls in the apartment facing the street	For concrete - 1.5, for brickwork- 1.1, for her, but with thermal insulation - 0.85
K3	The ratio of glazing area to the area of ​​​​the apartment	For 10% - 0.8, for 20% - 1.0, for 30% - 1.2, for 40% - 1.4
K4	Regional coefficient, selected based on the average minimum temperature in January	Up to -10°С - 0.7, -10°С - 0.8, -20°С - 1.0, -25°С - 1.1, -30°С - 1.2, less than -30°С - 1.5
K5	The number of walls in the apartment facing the street	One wall - 1, for a corner apartment - 1.2
K6	Type of room above the apartment	For a residential floor - 0.82, for an insulated attic - 0.91, for a cold one - 1.
K7	The height of the ceiling in the apartment	For 2.5 m - 1.3 m - 1.05, 3.5 m - 1.1

Having multiplied the area of ​​​​the apartment, the value of the average power and the correction factors, it remains to include the last variable in the formula - R. It denotes the reservation of the heating boiler capacity and has a value from 1.15 to 1.25.

A separate issue is the choice of the type of boiler that will heat the apartment. It can be either gas or electric. In this section, we will consider the first option.

To date, gas heating boilers are the most popular among the equipment of this class. They perfectly manifest themselves both in private houses and cottages, and in an autonomous heating system in a city apartment. The advantages of gas boilers over other devices include the following.

1. Cheapness of fuel. It is most profitable to heat an apartment, a house in the private sector or a country cottage with gas - the price of fuel is relatively low. Therefore, by abandoning centralized heating and switching to a similar heating boiler, you get the opportunity to save a large number of money and quickly recoup all the costs of redevelopment.
2. Noiselessness- a modern boiler will not interfere with your sleep, rest or household chores.
3. compactness- a medium-capacity gas-fired heating boiler does not take up too much space. Its dimensions are comparable to one section of a kitchen cabinet.
4. Functionality – modern automation allows you to have greater freedom of action in setting up the operation of a gas boiler.

But there is such a device and one drawback. It is associated with fuel - a gas boiler is a fire hazardous equipment. Therefore, it is better to entrust the connection to the energy supply to an experienced specialist who has the appropriate permits and approvals and has all the necessary tools and skills to work with him. What is it and how to install it, you can see on our page.

Gas boilers, in turn, are divided into two main types - single and double-circuit. In the first case, the fuel is burned to heat only the coolant of the heating system and for nothing else. it also supplies you with hot water, from the centralized supply of which you can also refuse in the future.

Consider the device of the boiler shown in the image above. This is a double-circuit heater with separated heat exchangers - the upper one is used to heat the liquid for heating, and the lower one is used for hot water used by the residents of the apartment. The pump creates the desired level of pressure in the line. allows you to compensate for the increase in the volume of liquid in the heating system with increasing temperature. The combustion products formed during the operation of the boiler are discharged into a coaxial chimney. Through it, the fan also takes in air from the street, which is necessary for the functioning of the combustion chamber.

Due to the extremely low quality of heat supply services in apartment buildings, their owners show a great desire to make individual heating in the apartment. Tellingly, it is absolutely not difficult to implement this idea technically. But to refuse the services of a heat supply organization and obtain permission to install an individual heat source sometimes becomes an insoluble task. All the problems that arise in order and how to solve them will be described in our article.

Sequencing

So, it is very cold in your apartment in winter and you are tired of paying for a service that is not actually provided. Be sure to document this fact by submitting relevant applications to the supplier of thermal energy and to the sanitary and epidemiological station. Such fixation may subsequently play a role in the refusal and litigation, if the case comes to it.

For reference. In countries post-Soviet space There are many legislative acts on this topic, often contradicting each other. Because of this, the question of whether it is possible to make individual heating in an apartment often has to be decided in court.

If you follow the right path, then the procedure should be as follows:

• carrying out activities to formalize the refusal of district heating services and the dismantling of old systems;
• obtaining permission to install an individual heat source in the relevant authorities;
• choice of energy source for heating the apartment;
• development of technical documentation. In simple words, you need to complete a heating project with a diagram for connecting a heat source to centralized engineering networks;
• coordinating it with the energy supplier and obtaining permission to install a heat generator;
• installation work on the device of the heating system.

In practice, the greatest difficulty is the passage of the first 2 stages. The heat supply organization may prevent you from refusing services, referring to various legislative acts. The same story may repeat itself with obtaining a permit for the reconstruction of residential premises. You may have to enlist the support of a lawyer and even go to court. The subtleties of these issues should be studied on the relevant Internet resources.

For reference. In Ukraine, the installation of individual heating in an apartment building is prohibited by the relevant decree, in Russian Federation there is no direct ban, but there are a lot of restrictions in different normative documents causing discrepancies.

Choice of energy carrier

In high-rise residential buildings, this choice is small, only natural gas and electricity are at your service. If you already had a geyser before, then it will be somewhat easier to change it to a boiler, although you cannot do without coordination with the gas supply office. It will be more difficult to introduce gas heating from scratch, this is due to the registration procedure, chimney inspection certificates, and so on.

Often, natural gas as an energy carrier for an apartment has no alternative, since individual electric heating is not available due to the limited power consumption limit. Another reason not to settle for electric heaters is if you live in old houses with dilapidated wiring. Suppose you replace it within the apartment, and then? However, the electricity service company will not give permission under such circumstances.

If the listed restrictions do not exist, we choose the energy carrier for economic reasons. Much depends on the cost of gas and electricity in different countries. For example, the owner of an apartment with individual heating from electricity in the Russian Federation will pay more than for gas, in Ukraine - depending on the electricity tariff, and so on.

Installation of gas-using equipment will definitely cost more than electric.

Project development and installation work

It is at this stage that, together with the designer, it is determined what the individual heating system will be in the apartment and the boiler is selected according to its power. The latter is boldly taken at the rate of 100 W per 1 m2 of area, this is more than enough, since even a corner apartment has many common walls with neighbors, and heat is not lost through these structures. The type of wiring can be selected depending on the size of the dwelling. For small apartments, a single-pipe "Leningrad" is quite suitable, and for larger rooms - a traditional two-pipe system with a lower wiring.

Please note that in the conditions of an apartment, only wall-mounted gas or electric boilers are suitable for you, and a circulation pump is already built into them, and sometimes expansion tank. So the system will be closed with forced circulation.

In addition to the development of a new scheme, the project documentation should contain a section that reflects the dismantling of the old system. Batteries and connections to them are subject to disassembly and disposal; risers passing through the apartment cannot be touched. Instead of a cut out bypass, a straight pipe section must be welded. To prevent the heat supply organization from continuing to charge you, the risers should be thermally insulated.

The new scheme for individual heating should provide for the installation of radiators with thermostatic valves at the inlet. The radiators themselves are suitable for aluminum, it makes no sense to install bimetallic ones. As for the gas boiler, its type depends on the presence of a chimney. When it is, you can take a simple heater with an open combustion chamber.

Attention! It is forbidden to connect the boiler to exhaust ventilation shafts. If there is no chimney channel, then only a turbocharged heat generator with a closed chamber and a coaxial pipe for venting gases through the wall will do.

By the way, for convenience, you can install a dual-circuit heat source, this will allow you to refuse from centralized hot water supply in the future. Also, if desired, an individual heating system with warm floors. Here it is necessary to pay attention to the reliability of the interfloor overlap. When there is no confidence in it, it is not recommended to start a screed device; it is better to mount underfloor heating on wooden logs with a laminate coating.

Since there are power outages in apartments, it is better to have an uninterruptible power supply for reliable operation of a gas unit. With electric heating, the situation is more complicated, it remains to be hoped that the shutdown will not last long. You can carry out the installation of individual heating on your own, except for one area: connecting the heat generator to the gas or electric networks of the building. For this service, you will have to contact the energy supplier.

Conclusion

As you can see, the new heating device in the apartment has its own characteristics. Most of the time and effort will be taken by the documentary-permissive part, and it is not a fact that you will receive this permission. In fact, do-it-yourself individual heating can significantly save money spent on central heating and hot water supply. Know that your efforts will not go to waste.

Homeowners in urban high-rise buildings are accustomed to the relative convenience of central heating, as they do not have to think about maintaining it, turning it on or off. However, in last years more and more residents are inclined to equip their own autonomous heating in an apartment in a multi-storey building, as they face many problems caused by insufficiently efficient and conscientious work of housing and communal services. So, the coolant temperature set in the central boiler room is not always satisfied. For example, it is warm enough outside, and the batteries are hot to such an extent that you have to open all the windows wide open. Or, on the contrary, the radiators are a little warm, and harsh frosts suddenly set in outside the window.

Another important point is the dependence of heating on emergency situations in the entire system, up to the boiler house and heating mains. So, a pipe break in one of the sections of the heat supply line deprives several houses of heating at once. Such a moment is especially unpleasant at the peak of winter cold.

The inconvenience of central heating also manifests itself in the off-season - in the autumn and spring periods, when the heating has already been turned off or has not yet been started, and the apartment is cold. In such cases, you have to use electric heaters and pay rather big sums for electricity.

Those who decide to take control of the heat supply of their homes under their own control, having equipped individual heating, as a rule, have a lot of questions. Therefore, further, various nuances associated with such a transition will be considered.

Advantages and disadvantages of individual apartment heating

Before proceeding directly to action, you need to find out what advantages autonomous heating provides to its owners. But no less valuable is information about the difficulties that will be encountered in its arrangement and operation.

So, the presence in the apartment of a heating system independent of the heat supply line provides the following advantages:

• The ability to create comfortable conditions in the apartment at any time of the year, regardless of common work general heating system. An urgent need for this arises in the off-season, since in spring and autumn day and night temperatures vary significantly. Yes, and summer, as we know, is able to present "surprises". The central heating system is switched on according to the standard schedule. There are also emergency launches, but it always takes several days (to analyze the situation and put it into operation), during which residents may experience significant discomfort.

• Possibility to install in the apartment the most comfortable temperature during the cold season. Everyone knows that apartments located in the end part of the house are colder than those located between several apartments. Therefore, the requirements for the temperature of the coolant in the system will be different. However, utilities do not always take into account these factors, charging the same amount of payment for heating, focusing only on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bhousing.

It is impossible not to take into account the personal needs for warmth of each person, since one individual likes it warmer, and for another, such a microclimate in an apartment seems unacceptably hot.

• Autonomous system heating can be easily adjusted to the desired operating mode. For example, if homeowners are absent from home all day, then there is no need to “drive” the heating system in vain. You can set it to the minimum required heating, and upon arrival home, the temperature of the coolant can be increased.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with operating mode programming systems that can be set both according to the daily routine of the owners, and according to the alternation of weekends and working days. For example, by the time the owners come home from work or study, the system will automatically bring the temperature in the rooms to the most comfortable level.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with control units connected to GSM or IP communication channels. Thanks to this, they can be controlled remotely and remotely using a phone or computer.

• Payment for heating will also be significantly reduced due to lower energy consumption, since modern boilers, both gas and electric, are tuned for minimal energy consumption and its most efficient use - they have a high efficiency, reaching up to 95 ÷ 100%.
• By choosing a unit with two circuits for installation, it is quite possible to refuse not only central heating, but also hot water supply. Thanks to this, the apartment will always have hot water, regardless of whether preventive work is carried out in the heating network in the summer or not.
• Another important cost saving factor is that payment for heating will be made only in winter period when the system is actually in use. The fact is that you will have to pay only for an electric or gas meter (depending on the choice of the boiler). There is an opportunity to clearly personally control the consumption of resources. For central heating, you usually have to pay year-round.

However, in order to transfer an apartment to independent heating and hot water supply, you will have to go through a lot of bureaucratic formalities. They can be attributed to the main disadvantages of such a reorganization.

• All work carried out must be agreed with the relevant organizations and carried out in accordance with established rules. Unauthorized reconstruction will not remove the obligation to pay the costs for the provided central heating services, and also threatens to impose a large fine on the owner of the housing.
• Registration of documents both for turning off central communications, and for drawing up a project, as well as installation stand-alone equipment It will take a lot of time, patience and money.
• If you plan to use a gas boiler for heating, then the room where it will be installed must be equipped with an effective ventilation system, as well as a chimney.

• Installation work on the installation of a gas boiler must be carried out by qualified specialists from the relevant organization. Therefore, it will not be possible to implement them on their own - and this also entails additional costs.
• In addition to the costs of installation work, the reconstruction will require considerable costs both for paperwork and the purchase of all necessary equipment.
• Responsibility for the safe operation of autonomous heating, as well as for carrying out preventive maintenance, rests with the homeowners. Control over the implementation of all these regulations is carried out by specialists of the relevant organizations. The owner of the apartment will be obliged to provide unhindered access to the heating equipment.

Despite all the difficulties with the design and installation of an autonomous system, as well as one-time rather high costs, the benefits of this heating system are obvious. Over many years of operation, these investments will certainly pay off. and even several times. And the most favorable microclimate for the owners will always be maintained in the apartment.

Documents required for the transition to autonomous heating

The first thing to consider when starting a reconstruction is the timing of paperwork. Therefore, if it is planned to receive heat from an individual heating boiler next winter, then the process must be started in advance. So, practice shows that permits are issued and "wander through the authorities" within three to five months. Installation work can begin only after all permits have been received, and they will take several days.

Approval and obtaining permits

It is necessary to start this whole lengthy process by clarifying the list of documents required for drafting a project, purchasing and installing equipment. There is a list of documentation approved by Art. 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "The basis for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of residential premises." This document is taken as a basis, since when installing a heating boiler, as a rule, some redevelopment is required.

Redevelopment in apartments of multi-storey buildings should be carried out in accordance with established requirements and in agreement with local governments. To obtain approval, a package is collected, consisting of the following documents:

• Application-petition for redevelopment of residential premises. The standard form of this petition is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
• A copy of the certificate of the right to own housing, certified by a notary, is an agreement on transferring it to ownership or the right to inherit.
• Also, a photocopy of the technical passport of the apartment certified by a public notary.
• Designed housing redevelopment project.
• A copy of the document, which indicates all the tenants registered in this apartment.
• Consent to the redevelopment of the premises. This document is a list of all adult residents of the apartment, indicating the full name and year of birth. Opposite their name, each of them must put a personal signature, which confirms the consent. The document is drawn up on one sheet.
• If the house in which the apartment is located belongs to architectural monuments, then a permit from the organization involved in the protection of cultural heritage will be required.

When addressing the collected package to local authorities, the owner of the apartment should know that they are not entitled to demand additional documents from him that are not provided for by the above article. Having handed over the package for approval, in return for it, the owner of the apartment must receive a receipt, which will list all the documents contained in it.

Further, the self-government organization, after appropriate verification and approval, sends the package to the administration of the city or administrative region, where the documents are approved. In this case, it is necessary to know the time frame during which the applicant must be provided with a reasoned answer.

Consideration of the application and the issuance of a verdict on permission or refusal must be given no later than one and a half months (45 days) from the date of submission of the documentation. And the applicant must receive his copy of the conclusion issued by the commission no later than three days after the decision is made.

The ban on redevelopment of housing may be due to the deterioration of the living conditions of other residents of the house or apartment. This moment is indicated in the norms and rules for the technical operation of housing, approved by the Gosstroy of Russia No. 170 dated September 27, 2003.

As indicated in the list of documents, it includes a project for the redevelopment of the living quarters. Before the project is drawn up, it is necessary to obtain permission from the controlling gas and heat supply organizations to disconnect from the central communication systems and install an autonomous gas equipment. If permission is obtained, then a project is drawn up for the reconstruction of the premises and the installation of an autonomous heating system. The finished project is coordinated with the relevant organizations.

All of the above documents, except for the project itself, must be prepared in advance, as they will need to be presented in all instances that affect the drafting of the project.

Documentation is issued in the following order:

• The first step will be to visit the city or district heating networks. In this organization, you must obtain permission to turn off the apartment from central heating. A permit document can be obtained if the disconnection of communications from a particular apartment does not disrupt the operation of the engineering equipment of the entire house or the apartments located next to it. There can be no other justification for refusal.

In some cases, the application for disconnection from the heating network is submitted through the housing department.

If an unreasonable refusal is received from the heat supply organization, then it is worth contacting the courts with this document to resolve this conflict.

• Having received a positive conclusion from the heating systems, you can go with it to the gas service of the city or district. There it is necessary to obtain technical conditions for the installation of stand-alone equipment. This document must be issued within ten calendar days from the date of application.
• When both permits are obtained, you can go to the design department of the energy company or to another design organization authorized to deal with residential buildings. If the heating boiler was purchased in advance, then its passport with technical characteristics should be attached to the general package. The project will take into account all the submitted data, including the technical conditions for the organization of autonomous heating.

In order to get acquainted with the requirements that regulatory organizations impose when issuing permits, it is necessary to study the document SNiP41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" clause 6.2 "Individual heating systems".

If there is no possibility or desire to independently solve the problems of permits with design organizations, then their execution can be entrusted to the design company. In some regions of the Russian Federation, this process is handled by one of the departments of the gas service. These additional services, of course, are already provided for a fee.

Drafting a project

The reconstruction project is drawn up according to the submitted documentation. Therefore, before transferring the package to the design organization, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technical conditions obtained in the gas sector. Given them, you must independently draw up a sketch of the desired (from the point of view of the owner) location of the heating equipment.

However, it is necessary to correctly imagine the situation - the exact place where the boiler will be installed can be determined by specialists after they study the floor plan of the apartment.

The project is the main document according to which the premises will be reorganized, and then the heating equipment will be installed. Therefore, the efficiency of the system and the convenience of its operation will depend on how correctly it will be developed.

The project includes a considerable amount of information that characterizes the heating system being created:

• The climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
• The main technical and operational characteristics of the building.
• Energy carriers that can be used for the functioning of autonomous heating.
• The characteristics of the heated premises of the apartment are their area and volume, the number of rooms, the location of the loggias.
• financial side of the issue.

Based on the collected and systematized information, the location of the boiler, its recommended type, as well as the required heat output are determined.

Specialists of design or energy companies will make accurate calculations, making the heating system not only efficient, but also economical to the maximum. If the organizations that will subsequently approve the documentation are developing projects themselves, then it is best to take this opportunity and entrust the development of it to them. In this case, there will be no possibility that serious errors or omissions will be made in the document.

However, whoever is entrusted with the task of compiling the project, the customer must actively interact with its developers. This is due to the fact that in the process of work, several options for redevelopment are often considered. These options are presented to the customer for consideration, and he chooses the most optimal of them - already from the point of view of the owner of the apartment. The parameters of the heater, as well as the range of parts, materials and components necessary for the installation of the system, often depend on this choice.

The project is being developed in stages:

• The first step is to consider the sketch of the equipment location provided by the customer. If the owner of the apartment has not developed his own version, then it is best to draw up a sketch together with a specialist designer.
• Further, the paths for laying the heating circuit are considered and determined. If you plan to leave the old circuit without replacement, only with the necessary modifications, the developer must be warned about this in advance.
• The next step is to prepare documentation on the main components and devices of the heating system.
• An estimate is being made.

Specialists responsible for a particular area of ​​operation of the heating system will definitely take part in the drafting of the project - this is heat supply, ventilation, energy supply, and, if necessary, architecture.

As a result, the documentation will consist of several parts, each of which defines different aspects of the project implementation:

• Descriptive part. It provides data on the meaning and content of the project. This section consists of several subsections:

- the location of the apartment in the construction of the house;

- features of the layout of the apartment and the location of living rooms.

This section specifies where the apartment is located - in the middle part of the building or from its end, regional climate features are indicated. This information is necessary to determine the type and optimal power of heating equipment, including the boiler itself, radiators or other heat exchange devices.

• Technological calculations are the main part of the project. This section determines the volume of coolant required for the operation of the heating unit in different modes. In addition, it indicates optimum temperature its heating, which will provide comfortable conditions in all areas of the apartment.

Based on the calculated parameters, the power of the boiler for heating is selected (as a rule, a double-circuit one, that is, immediately and to solve the problem of autonomous hot water supply).

This part also defines possible heat losses during room heating. And on the basis of the obtained indicators, conclusions are drawn about the efficiency of the heating system.

All calculated data are reflected in the graphic diagram, which is also included in this part of the project. This document will become a guide for installers during the practical implementation of the project. By the way, all of these parameters must be strictly observed when conducting and installation work. Otherwise, the commission accepting the system into operation may simply not allow its launch.

• Specification. This part of the project provides information on all the necessary components and materials for the installation of the heating system. The same section may include a drawing-scheme, which indicates the location of devices and connecting nodes.

This information is used when acquiring everything necessary for the assembly of the heating system, and then - when bringing its installation.

• IN Lately the project is often updated graphic image what should be the end result. This part of the project helps to visualize how the heating system will look after it is installed. The image is made using computer programs, usually in three-dimensional projection.

When submitting an application for the preparation of project documentation, it is necessary to clarify the reasons for the transition to individual heating. This is necessary so that specialists know what to focus on when working on a project.

After the project is ready, a copy of it must be sent to the company that will control the subsequent operation of the equipment.

You may be interested in information about what is

Equipment for autonomous heating of an apartment

Another question that necessarily arises before the owner of an apartment who decides to transfer it to autonomous heating is the choice of a boiler according to the power source. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of 04/16/12, which refers to heat supply systems, identifies devices that do not meet the established safety requirements. Therefore, the units included in the list of this document are prohibited for installation in apartments located in multi-storey buildings.

Simply put, in this case, only one of two options can be chosen - an electric boiler or a gas-fired one. Which one is better suited for the conditions of the apartment, more economical and safer?

To answer these questions, we can briefly consider their characteristic features.

A gas boiler

For autonomous apartment heating are often used gas boilers. However, when choosing a unit, you need to know that it must meet certain requirements. These conditions are defined to maintain safety as well as the efficiency of the system.

These requirements include the design features of the unit:

• The boiler must have a sealed (closed) combustion chamber.
• Automatic shutdown of the gas supply should be provided in the following cases:

- when the burner flame goes out;

- in case of malfunctions in the protection circuit;

- in the event of a power outage;

- when the gas supply pressure drops below the limit value:

- when the coolant overheats above the established norm;

- in the presence of malfunctions in the chimney system.

• The permissible heating temperature of the coolant should not exceed 95 degrees.
• The coolant pressure in the system should not exceed 1 MPa.

In addition, gas boilers are divided into single and double-circuit, for example,. As mentioned above, the former are designed only for heating the apartment, and the latter - both for space heating and for heating hot water for domestic needs. Naturally, zealous owners most often prefer the second option.

When submitting an application for disconnection from the heating network, it is necessary to indicate the type of device in it. This is due to the fact that consent must be obtained from heating networks to disconnect not only from the central heating main, but also from the hot water supply.

Another important factor is the choice of the type of boiler at the location, as they are floor or wall. Due to the small areas of most city apartments, wall-mounted options are most often preferred, since boiler equipment is installed in kitchens or on an insulated loggia.

Wall-mounted boilers have a fairly compact size and neat exterior design. They practically do not differ in appearance from ordinary geysers. The chimney from the heating gas unit is brought out to the street through outer wall at home, therefore, this wall or the one adjacent to it is chosen for its placement. The window next to which the boiler is hung often immediately solves the issue of ventilation of the room.

The wall-mounted boiler has ample power to heat a standard-sized apartment.

If funds permit, a condensing boiler should be preferred. It is more efficient and economical in operation - it implements an additional selection of thermal power due to the condensation of water vapor contained in the combustion products of natural gas. The gain in useful power compared to a conventional boiler with equal consumption of "blue fuel" is 10 percent or more.

Gas boilers for heating and hot water supply - which one to choose?

A wide variety of gas boilers on sale can, to a certain extent, play a “cruel joke” with the consumer - significantly complicate the choice suitable model. What parameters should be paid special attention to, which models should be preferred? About all this in a separate - in a separate publication of our portal.

Arrangement of a room for the installation of a gas boiler

Separately, it is necessary to mention the premises of the apartment where it is planned to install gas equipment. The safety of the residents of the entire house will depend on its proper arrangement.

To place a gas boiler, you cannot choose an arbitrary room of the apartment, guided by some of your own master's interests. The premises must meet certain requirements, the list of which includes the following points:

• The equipment cannot be installed in any of the living rooms of the apartment.
• The area of ​​the room must be at least 4 m².
• The entrance door to the room cannot be less than 800 mm wide.
• The room must have a window facing the street.
• The unit is hung on a wall or installed on the floor, at a distance of at least 300 mm from another gas-powered appliance, such as a stove.
• It is not allowed to connect the chimney of a gas boiler, as well as the columns, to the general house ventilation system. The pipe must be brought outside through the outer wall. The most convenient in this respect is the use of coaxial chimneys with forced air intake and exhaust of combustion products.
• Some gas boilers with high power require the installation of forced ventilation in the room, that is, equipped with an exhaust fan. If in specifications for the arrangement of the premises for installation specific model boiler, such a requirement is indicated, then you will have to insert a fan of appropriate capacity into the window.
• The wall-mounted boiler can only be installed on a wall made of non-combustible material. The floor area under the floor version of the device is usually lined with ceramic tiles.

If at least one of the requirements cannot be met, the commission that accepts the gas equipment will not sign the act of permission to put it into operation.

Based on the list of requirements, we can conclude that the gas boiler can be installed in the kitchen or in the loggia associated with it. The loggia must be well insulated in advance. These rooms are most suitable for the installation of gas equipment, since the gas supply riser is traditionally located in the kitchen.

The kitchen room of the apartment must have a window facing the street, as well as a doorway of the required width. In addition, general ventilation channels pass through the kitchen, which are also necessary when arranging a room for a “mini-boiler room”.

Gas boiler prices

a gas boiler

Electric heating of the apartment

Unlike gas equipment, it is much easier to install an electric heating option, since there are much more places where, for example, the same boiler can be hung on a wall.

The main thing to consider when choosing the area for installing equipment is the possibility of connecting a heating circuit to it, as well as supplying a power supply line of the required power. The presence of a ventilation system, as well as pipes for the removal of combustion products, is not required.

If it is decided to choose an electric heating option, then before starting the implementation of the plan, it is necessary to contact the energy company with a request to check the availability of free energy resources in the house. This organization must give written permission to connect devices of the required power and apply for disconnecting the apartment from the central heating and hot water supply. The homeowner must submit this application to the heating network, and a copy of it is attached to the general package of documents.

The list of other documentation for the transition to electric heating will have to be clarified with the energy company, as well as with the self-government organization. The administrative regions of Russia may have their own requirements for the use of electricity for heating.

In any case, for the installation of electric heating equipment, the number of documents that will have to be collected will be much less than when choosing a gas boiler.

Heating an apartment from electricity can be implemented in different ways, which allows you to choose best option for a specific case:

• Installation of an electric boiler with connection to a classic heating circuit with a coolant circulating in it.
• Direct heating from separately installed convector appliances
• Fixed or mobile infrared heaters or fan heaters.
• Underfloor heating system using a heating cable or infrared film.
• Several different electrical appliances used in the complex.

You may be interested in information about what characteristics they have.

Heating with an electric boiler

If it is intended to leave the heating circuit in its original state, only by disconnecting it from the central heating, then it is connected to an electric boiler. Passing through the heat exchanger of the electrical unit, the coolant is heated and enters the closed heating circuit. Then, having passed the circle and cooled down, it returns again for heating. To make the circulation of the coolant more intense and controlled, a special circulation pump is built into the system.

Modern electric boilers are equipped with automatic control. Thanks to such systems, the boiler can be programmed not only for a specific coolant temperature, but also for a specific mode of operation by hours and days of the week. That is, the device will not function constantly, but at the time and with the heat output that is beneficial to the owners of the home.

In specialized stores, wall-mounted models of electric boilers with a power of 5 to 60 kW are presented, as well as floor-standing options that have a much higher power of 60 kW or more.

To determine which of the models in terms of power to choose will help the specialists producing in the preparation of the project. The choice of the unit will depend on the characteristics of the heated apartment, its area, the number of windows and balconies, the type of window frames installed, etc. An approximate guideline when choosing the power of a heating boiler is 1 kW per 10 m² of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment, although these can be argued with.

If it is necessary to install a boiler with a power of 9 kW or more to heat housing, then you will have to re-equip the apartment's electrical network - start a three-phase line and install a three-phase meter. A unit with a larger capacity may only be installed with the approval of the home maintenance utility. But, as a rule, since we are talking about an ordinary apartment, single-phase units with a power of up to 9 kW are more than enough.

You might be interested in information on how to choose

An electric boiler can be installed in the kitchen, bathroom, one of the utility rooms or in the hallway. And all the necessary communications (pipes and cables) can be placed hidden - remove them into the wall or under the floor surface.

By the way, electric boilers are completely miniature. For example, electrode-type units are distinguished by their compactness. That is, the search optimal location it will be even easier for them. You may be interested in information about how they have proven themselves

About electric boilers you can talk a lot, since they are represented by several types that differ even in the principle of transformation electrical energy into thermal. But it is better to read about it in a separate detailed publication.

What is an electric boiler and how to choose one?

These units attract with their compactness, ease of installation and management, high performance. A special article of our portal will help to understand the diversity and even independently calculate the required power.

Priceselectric boiler

electric boiler

Heating an apartment on the principle of direct heating with electrical appliances

This heating option includes heating from separately located electric heaters or a “warm floor” system. They can also be used in combination.

This heating option is chosen in cases where you want to get rid of the heating circuit pipeline, as well as radiators that, according to the owners, spoil the interior of the premises.

In addition to convectors, the rooms can be equipped with a system of cable or film infrared "warm floor". The simplest and most affordable, both in terms of price and complexity of installation, is the film version. It can be equipped with ordinary linoleum or laminate and does not require hiding with a screed.

When used for heating two different types heating devices, they can be combined into one system for ease of management by connecting to a common control and management unit. With the help of automation, you can set temperature conditions at different times of the day, as well as on the days of the week. If there is no desire to complicate the heating settings, then the system can also be adjusted manually by setting the desired temperature directly on the convectors or on the “warm floor” thermostat. This option is convenient in that you can set different temperatures in each of the rooms.

You may be interested in information on how

* * * * * * *

Let's sum up the electric independent heating of the apartment.

If electricity is chosen as the source of energy, then in order to ensure safety, it is necessary to equip a ground loop. Without its installation, the commission may not issue a permit for the operation of autonomous heating.

Electric heating, unlike gas, is a safer option. Compared to central heating, it also has the advantage of being able to precisely set the desired temperature, as well as paying only when it is actually used.

The disadvantage of heating from the power supply can be called the fact that if the electricity is turned off for any reason, the apartment will remain not only without light, but also without heat. And if in the area where the apartment is located, power outage is a constant phenomenon, then it is better to give preference to gas equipment.

In addition, electric heating is still a very "expensive pleasure", especially since the upward trend in electricity tariffs looks depressingly stable.

But if, nevertheless, it is the electric option that is chosen, then you should listen to the recommendations of experts:

• For heating from electricity, it is necessary to stretch a dedicated power cable from the switchboard.
• For autonomous electric heating, it is necessary to install a residual current device (RCD) or a differential machine. They are designed to protect against damage in case of current leakage to the body of electrical appliances. This is especially true if the circuit is assembled from metal pipes.
• In order to save as much as possible on electricity consumption when using it at night grace hours or at weekend rates, it is recommended to install a multi-tariff meter.

Some nuances of installation work on the installation of an autonomous heating system for an apartment

All work related to the reconstruction of the heating system in the apartment is carried out only by specialists of companies that provide heat supply to the housing stock. The task of the masters will be the following actions:

• Temporary shutdown of house central heating mains.
• Cutting the heating circuit or heating radiators from the risers with the subsequent restoration of the integrity of these risers.
• Connecting a closed circuit of an apartment to a gas or electric heater.
• Testing the installed system.

These rules are in place to ensure the safety of both the owners of a particular apartment and the residents of the entire building.

On your own (with your own hands or with the invitation of experienced plumbers) you can install pipes and install heating batteries if you plan to completely change the circuit. This is usually done after cutting off the radiators in the rooms from the risers. It is worth taking on such work if there are good skills in carrying out plumbing installation operations. At the same time, the assembly of a new heating circuit is carried out strictly according to the scheme attached to the design documents, with strict observance of the specification and all other parameters of the system being created.

* * * * * * *

Before you decide to reconstruct the heating and hot water supply in the apartment, refusing the services of centralized heating in favor of autonomous heating, you need to carefully consider all the points. In addition, it is recommended to calculate the cost of arrangement and the possibility of savings in the operation of an autonomous system. After weighing all the pros & cons, you can make the final decision.

By the way, we should not forget that, alas, you still have to pay for general house heating. True, these amounts will be incomparably small compared to those that came earlier monthly and year-round.

You might be interested in knowing what is

Finally - a video in which the owner of the apartment, who has been using an autonomous gas heating system for more than a year, shares his vision of its advantages and disadvantages. learn from the link.

Video: Autonomous heating in the apartment - "pros" and "cons"

Evgeny AfanasievChief Editor

Publication author 19.08.2018

Everything about individual heating in an apartment: how to translate from central system whether legal permission is needed, as well as what documents are needed for own heating in an apartment building.

With each new increase in heating tariffs, residents of apartment buildings are thinking about abandoning state heating and are counting how profitable it is to install individual heating in an apartment building.

For the installation of individual heating in an apartment, legislation must issue a number of permits.

As long-term practice shows, those who refused centralized heating, having spent once, quickly return the invested money, saving further on payment utilities, but there are a number of pros and cons of an apartment with individual heating.

Disconnection from central heating

Is it possible to install individual heating in the apartment? As a rule, in order to transfer to individual heating in an apartment building, it is enough to apply for refusal from centralized heating, obtain consent for this and submit an application for the installation of individual heating in an apartment to the district power grid office.

How much does individual heating cost in an apartment? Sometimes this type of heating is not always cost-effective and the cost of individual heating in an apartment can be even more expensive than conventional heating in an apartment building.

Another thing is a gas boiler, but its arrangement requires compliance with many formalities:

Only after receiving all the permits and certificates in your hands, you can proceed to dismantle the old system and install an individual heating system in the apartment. As “sad” statistics show, it takes from 3 to 6 months to process documents for individual heating in an apartment building in an apartment.

Sometimes it happens that the gas industry refuses to install the boiler, since the technical characteristics of the system are not able to create the pressure necessary for it. In this case, you will have to look for alternative sources of heating.

The gas company must provide a technical passport for the boiler and a diagram indicating the place of its installation. Only after the gas boiler chosen for installation is approved and the conditions for its installation are agreed, you can switch to an individual heating system in the apartment.

The connection of individual gas heating in the apartment must be carried out by employees of the company supplying gas, and having the appropriate permissions for this.

gas boilers

Individual gas heating in an apartment building requires not only the execution of all papers, but also a careful approach when choosing a boiler that will be entrusted with the task of heating.

As a rule, consumers choose a two-circuit unit that will provide the residents of the apartment not only with heat, but also with hot water.

Today they produce wall-mounted small-sized devices with closed combustion chambers. This type of boiler simplifies installation tasks, since they do not require a gas duct, since this function is performed by a fan. It “drives” air from the street, and then also removes combustion waste through special pipes.

The benefits of a two-chamber wall-mounted gas boiler are obvious:

1. He combines both the heating system and the boiler for heating water.
2. Fuel economy significantly reduces heating costs.
3. Equipped with an electronic sensor and thermometers, similar boilers can be adjusted and configured as you wish.

If 10-15 years ago people were wondering if it was possible to make individual heating in an apartment, today many consumers are simply switching to alternative sources of heating. In the event that the apartment is not located in a harsh climate, it is recommended to connect electric heating in the apartment instead of gas.

Transition to autonomous electric heating

One of the sources of heat, which is both efficient, cost-effective and safe, is a double-circuit electric boiler.

Its main advantages are:

• ease of installation;
• environmentally friendly work;
• small dimensions;
• it does not require special ventilation or a chimney;
• it works silently and does not cause unhealthy vibrations;
• durability, ease of maintenance and ease of repair.

To install a double-circuit electric boiler, you will need to do the same work as when installing a gas boiler to refuse central heating, but it is much easier to obtain permission from an electricity supply company for individual heating in an apartment building than from a gas economy. The same applies to underfloor heating systems.

Individual heating in the apartment: what must be observed during the transition?

When the transition to individual heating is carried out in an apartment building, the legislation imposes special requirements on the room where the unit will be installed:

If individual heating is carried out in the apartment with your own hands, then you must strictly follow the instructions attached to the unit. With regard to the gas boiler, it is also required that it be connected by gas service workers.

The topic of our article is the installation of individual heating in an apartment building. We will consider how this idea is economically justified and what technical problems may arise during its implementation. In addition, of course, we are interested in the legal aspect of the problem.

When slightly warm batteries are combined with an increase in utility bills, this leads to a natural result.

Reasons for disconnecting from central heating

heat prices

Let's just say: in the case of central heating, they are high. From the point of view of the consumer - highly unjustified.

They include not only the cost of thermal energy, but also many other costs:

• Repair, maintenance and periodic replacement of heating mains. This includes the cost of heavy equipment when excavating trenches, and the cost of pipes, and thermal insulation work, and much more.
• Inevitable heat losses along the path of the heat carrier from the CHP to the final consumer. Yes, yes, the heat that is uselessly dissipated in the atmosphere is also paid for by you.
• Repair and maintenance of shut-off valves in thermal units, calculation of nozzle diameters in elevators and many other related works.
• Finally, the maintenance of a large apparatus of managers, officials, accountants, site managers and engineers also places a burden on the consumer.

After the initial investment, you only pay for the thermal energy you use. More precisely, for the amount of gas that is necessary for its production.

Convenience

Another strong argument in favor of switching to individual heating is banal convenience. From the moment you install your own heating equipment, you are no longer tied to the beginning of the heating season and the temperature schedule of boiler houses. At home, the temperature you need, regardless of thaws or frosts.

Counterarguments

What are the disadvantages of an individual heating system in an apartment building?

• The cost of the equipment is high enough for the payback period to be calculated in years. Do not forget: this is not only about a gas boiler (other types of fuel can be ignored in principle).
  After disconnecting from the central heating, only risers leading to the neighbors will pass through your apartment; you will have to re-mount a new heating circuit with your own hands.

For reference: at current prices, the total cost of equipment is estimated at 80-160 thousand rubles, depending on the area of ​​​​the apartment.

• Like any gas equipment, the boiler can only be installed by representatives of the gas service after obtaining permission to install it.
• The boiler must have a closed burner with air intake from the street. This is an official requirement (and valid for Russia as well); it is quite justified from the standpoint of common sense.
  With a large torch and closed windows, the tenants of the apartment run the risk of suffocation due to a drop in the level of oxygen in the air.
• The removal of combustion products will also become a problem. Not everywhere the ventilation duct is able to pass a large volume of hot air.
  A coaxial duct through the wall would be an excellent solution if it were not for the obvious objections of the neighbors: who enjoys breathing the exhaust of a gas boiler with open windows?
• Pro fire safety should not be forgotten either. Explosions of gas equipment occasionally occur, despite all security measures.
• Finally, it is worth considering important point. is the cheapest in this moment. Gas is an irreplaceable resource, the reserves of which are limited.
  Ukrainian and Russian prices for it are 8-10 times lower than European ones and over time they will level out in terms of the general level.

A general level as the world's reserves are depleted, it will grow—inevitably and quite rapidly.

Government objections

Why apartment buildings with individual heating are so unpopular with representatives of authorities at different levels?

Why do you have to beat out permission to disconnect from the central heating with such efforts?

• The main reason is, of course, the economic background. Less money in the housing and communal services budget means not only less income for officials, but in the future it will also lead to problems with servicing worn-out heating systems (after all, not everyone will switch to individual heating systems), and a lack of funding for scheduled repairs of heating mains.
• With centralized heating, all apartments in the house have approximately the same temperature. The project includes identical radiators along the riser; the coolant temperature differs little.

But in the case of individual heating, everything is more complicated. It is enough to lower the average temperature in your apartment by a few degrees - and you will ensure a constant flow of heat through the floors and walls from neighboring apartments.

That is, you will become an illegal consumer of heat for which you do not pay.

Disorder!

• Not only that: with a constant heat flow from heating devices, due to heat loss, the neighbors will become colder. And this problem will have to be solved by the residents.
• What happens if you leave, leaving the apartment without heating? Again, increased heat consumption for heating your empty apartment; in the future - freezing of internal partitions and defrosting of the water supply.

As you can see, the authorities do not like the transition to autonomous heating, not only because of their own "greed and malice".

The freezing wall in the photo is a consequence of the cold in the next room.

Technical side

How to make wiring from a gas boiler, if the decision to switch to individual heating is not only accepted, but also implemented by you?

No surprises are expected here. An autonomous heating system in a city apartment is no different from autonomous heating in a cottage; and they have vast experience.

Circulation

We are not talking about natural circulation simply because you cannot provide the height difference between the boiler and the radiators necessary for it. The wall-mounted boiler will be located above, and not below, the heating devices.

Please note: the good news is that it takes care of circulation pump and a security group you probably don't have to.
All this equipment, together with an expansion tank, is often placed in the body of a modern gas boiler with a closed burner and electronic ignition.

Heating appliances

Individual heating, unlike central heating, implies the stability of the coolant parameters. The temperature will not exceed the set one; hydroblows can not be expected.

If so, the obvious choice would be aluminum radiators. Beautiful, not expensive and having excellent heat dissipation per section.

Tip: underfloor heating in an apartment can also be an excellent choice.
However, not everywhere the height of the ceilings allows you to raise the floor by the thickness of the screed; and repairs when installing a warm floor will turn out to be too global.

Pipes

We remember about the stability of heating parameters. Therefore, you can not waste time and money on expensive and difficult to install steel pipes. Our choice is plastic.

Which one?

• - the cheapest option, requiring a minimum set of tools and few skills for installation. Reinforcement is needed not so much for reasons of strength, but to reduce the thermal expansion of filling and piping.
• Cross-linked polyethylene is somewhat more expensive on its own; in addition, for installation, it requires the purchase of a rather expensive tool - an extender.
  What will we gain in exchange for the costs? Greater durability and greater resistance to temperature and pressure (which, as we remember, is not a determining factor).

Wiring

If the layout of the apartment allows you to run a pipe around its perimeter, the cheapest to implement will be a simple one-pipe barrack-type wiring (the so-called Leningradka). The bottling forms a closed circuit; heaters do not break it, but crash in parallel. A circuit with bypasses under each battery allows you to regulate the temperature of each of them independently.

Single-pipe wiring is somewhat inconvenient in that you have to circle the doors from below or above - the entrance and the balcony. However, two-pipe wiring will allow you to form only two independent half-circuits on both sides of ONE of the doors. The second will still have to circle.

From the point of view of aesthetics and convenience, the beam (collector) scheme for connecting radiators is optimal. It implies that each heater is equipped with its own supply, which is usually laid in the floor. The obstacle was already mentioned when we touched on the installation of a warm floor: not everywhere the height of the ceiling will allow you to raise the floor by the thickness of the screed.

Tip: in apartments with a wooden plank floor, beam wiring can be laid between the lag. Of course, the price of convenience in this case is a partial disassembly of the coating.

Legal side

Well, what about the main obstacle - bureaucratic obstacles? Are there instructions on where to go and what papers to collect in order to get the coveted opportunity to heat yourself?

For Ukrainians, the necessary information is contained in the order of the Ministry of Construction, Architecture and Housing and Communal Services of Ukraine dated November 22, 2005.

• The local self-government or executive authority creates an interdepartmental commission, which, in fact, makes a decision.
• A collective application of the residents of the house (or entrance, section, etc.) is submitted to the commission with a copy of the minutes of the general meeting of residents.
• The Commission makes a decision taking into account the current state of highways, communications and engineering networks, as well as the prospects for their development. The term is a month. Upon the expiration of the term, the commission must make a decision, the protocol of which is provided to the applicant within ten days.
• If the decision is positive, the applicant is provided with a list of organizations to obtain technical specifications.
• The grounds for refusal are the likelihood of disruption of the heating in adjacent rooms (in other words, when it is impossible to cut off the heating only in the right part of the house) and overloading the gas pipeline.
  In the event that the removal of combustion products is not provided for by the design of the ventilation ducts, installation of an external chimney can be offered. There are precedents.

Relocation and thermal insulation of risers may be required; strengthening of thermal insulation of partitions shared with central heating premises; replacement of the elevator or the entire heating unit.

The ideal scenario is if you live on the top floor. It is enough to put a jumper on the risers below - and there is no central heating in your apartment.

The finished project is coordinated with the organizations that provided the technical conditions.

If, from your point of view, the refusal was received without good reason, you can appeal through the court. Arbitrage practice shows that approximately half of the disputed cases end in the victory of the plaintiff and the successful implementation of the transition to autonomous heating.

And what about in Russia? Alas, everything is much sadder: according to clause 15, article 14 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 190 (“On Heat Supply”), turning off a separate apartment and switching to autonomous heating is prohibited. Only the whole house can switch to its own heating systems.

In this case, the procedure and the list of instances that will have to be visited are completely identical to the current one for Ukraine.

From the author: in some cases, it seems more sensible to exchange an apartment for a private house. The costs of the actual exchange and relocation may well be comparable to the payment of technical conditions, the project and its implementation.

Conclusion

Want to learn more about this rather painful topic for many? Watch the video at the end of the article. There will certainly be a lot of useful additional information for you.