Boiler room for heating an apartment building. Autonomous heating, what is it? Apartments or houses, which is better. Autonomous heating project

what do you need to know?

What is the difference between central and autonomous heating? Before choosing a system for a house and an apartment, you need to understand the pros and cons. Consider what equipment you will need. Find out which fuel is best to use. And of course, do not make common mistakes.

Distinguish between central and autonomous

Central heating

This is a system in which a CHP or boiler house is a source of heat and runs on fuel. It is located in a separate building. Heat is sent through pipes to apartments and is given off by heating devices - radiators. The coolant is in the form of water, steam, air.

Water heating- Water circulates in pipes. It is heated in the boiler room and brings heat from the fuel to the radiators through pipes. Radiators give back thermal energy into the room. In winter, the surface of the radiators heats up to 60-70 degrees. In frosts they are heated up to 80 degrees.

Networks are designed single-pipe, two-pipe, multi-pipe. In cities, networks are organized according to the two-pipe principle. Through the second pipe, the cooled "reverse" water returns to the boiler. This is how the whole system circulates, heat goes from the boiler room to the residents of the houses. Water heating complies with sanitary and hygienic standards, so it is most often used in residential buildings, schools, kindergartens and hospitals.

With air heating already hot air moves through the pipes and gives off heat to the room. For heating, central air heaters or heaters are used. Such a system, like water heating, does not harm health due to hygiene.

Steam heating prohibited from use in residential buildings. The heat carrier is steam, the heat source is a steam boiler. Cons of this type of heating: it is impossible to regulate the smoothness of temperature, it makes noise, the surfaces of heating devices get very hot.

Advantages and disadvantages central heating

+	-
City services monitor the equipment;	The serviceability of urban equipment depends on the wear and tear and conscientiousness of the housing office staff;
They also repair and maintain the system, but this also gives rise to disadvantages.	It is impossible to regulate the heating temperature - it is the same in all rooms, and this is not always comfortable;
	Pressure sometimes jumps in the system, this leads to accidents;
	Large losses at the stage of heat delivery: each kilometer is lost 1 degree;
	The timing of seasonal shutdowns is not controlled by residents.

Heating system

Autonomous means independent. has many advantages. It does not depend on central systems. The boiler is located directly at home, and you control the heating yourself. Residents do not overpay monthly due to the remoteness of the heat source, they do not suffer from pipe wear. Organizing autonomous heating is expensive, but it quickly pays off. There is gas, electric and stove or fireplace.

1. Gas heating. Gas is the cheapest fuel in Russia, so gas heating is popular among owners of private houses. The principle of the device is simple - you need a boiler, a water system and batteries as heating devices. We bring gas to the boiler and start the system. It is important not to confuse liquefied and main gas. If you heat with imported cylinders, then this is 5 times more expensive than electric heating.

An autonomous gas system is a treasure not only for a house, but also for an apartment. When comparing two equal areas, in an apartment with autonomous gas heating, the payment of utility bills is 1.5-2 times less than with central heating.

Pros and cons of gas heating:

2. Electric heating. Gas is not available everywhere. Therefore, people have to choose alternative heat sources. Electricity is clean energy. The cheapest equipment, but not too economical to use. Compared to liquid heat transfer fluids, electrical energy is converted into heat without loss. Therefore, electric heating has the highest efficiency. Efficiency is the amount of heat per unit of resource/fuel used.

Pros and cons of electric heating:

+	-
Many solutions: radiators, convectors, underfloor heating, walls and skirting boards;	We need a powerful serviceable network and wiring;
Savings on plumbing to the house;	You depend on electricity;
No need to purchase fuel and take care of its storage;	Expensive resource.
Compact equipment;
No leaks;
Safely;
Eco-friendly;
There is no dependence on the central system.

Electric heating is distinguished by the heat source. Consider the most popular.

Provide water heating: the boiler heats the coolant - water. Cold water becomes hot and circulates through pipes, permeating the house. Electricity energy is converted into heat. This system is chosen in the absence of conducted gas.

Boilers come in different shapes and modifications. The main thing in the device is a heat exchanger and a control unit - parameters are set on it and the serviceability is monitored. When the device overheats, it notifies you of the need to cool down. At critical levels, the unit turns off the system on the machine.

In addition to boilers, there are. A powerful heating element that does not burn oxygen and does not disturb the microclimate of the house. They work silently, are easy to manage: you program, and the system itself maintains a comfortable temperature. If the owner is absent for a long time, there is a standby mode in an economical format.

infrared heating also applies electrical way heating. It happens in the form of panels or film. Quickly makes the house warm by heating interior items and surfaces - floors, ceilings, walls.

The system is hidden from view and can be combined with any decorative floor covering. This comfortable temperature and fast heating.

Maintain the temperature and provide a thermal curtain. They heat the house faster than water systems, but burn oxygen.

suitable for small houses where there is no main natural gas. And for areas where there are no problems with solid fuel: coal, wood or pellets. Coal and wood are considered cheap fuels. Pellets, or wood pellets, are made from wood waste. They are popular in Europe, and now they have come to us. This type of fuel is almost 3 times more expensive than gas.

Such heating does not depend on the availability of electricity and remoteness from the city. The equipment is affordable, not whimsical in operation. There are no complex software devices in the design. No need to involve specialists for maintenance.

Cons: takes a long time to heat up, not suitable for medium and large houses, low efficiency. You need a place to store firewood or coal. The stove also takes up a lot of space in the house, you need to look after and throw fuel. An exception is long-burning cast-iron stoves.

Pros and cons of autonomous heating

+	-
Independent control over the heating mode, you can turn it on on convenient days and times of the day;	When installing equipment, approvals are required for the planned system;
There is no dependence on third-party organizations: if an accident occurs in the central system, this does not apply to owners of autonomous heating;	Expensive installation;
Possibility to choose equipment and system scheme. This allows you to adjust it to the needs of the family;	Troubleshooting and repairs at own expense;
If the situation or the size of the family changes, it is possible to “reshape” the system with the help of professionals;	The hassle of acquiring fuel, storage, if it is not electricity;
Savings on monthly payments as there is no heat loss as with central heating.	Serviced by the owner.

We determine the equipment home

When connecting a house to a central system, you will have to choose from three possible schemes: independent, elevator, dependent direct-flow. They differ in the equipment used.

Independent the scheme is chosen when it is necessary to avoid pressure surges in the system due to the design features of the house. If the system is made of plastic pipes, this is required. Required circulation pump- it helps to reduce resource costs and lightens the load on equipment. And need expansion tank. It compensates for excess pressure when the coolant (water) expands during the heating process.
Second scheme: e levator node helps to adapt the hot water of the central network, where the standard is up to 150 degrees, to the standard of the house system - around 90 degrees. The water in the storage compartment of the house is mixed with the superheated water of the central system. The elevator performs 3 functions: pump, hot water flow and temperature regulator, mixer. This method of organizing heating is popular.
Direct-flow dependent The system is easy to set up, operate and maintain. There is only a central boiler room, pipe system and radiators. No more equipment. plastic pipes and aluminum radiators prohibited due to high pressure and its drops.

In apartment buildings, central heating does not require special equipment. But still, there are rules. Heating is done according to four schemes:

Single pipe works in Stalinist and Khrushchev houses. There is one highway, both supply and return pass through it. Minus in large heat losses as you move away from the heat source. This can be prevented by increasing the number of sections along the movement of water in the pipes. In this scheme, it will not be possible to regulate the temperature. If there is a desire to change radiators, then you can not change to radiators of another construct. This leads to malfunctions of the heating.
« Leningradka"- an advanced analogue of a single-pipe circuit. With the help of a bypass, the supply of coolant (water or steam) in the system is regulated. Bypass - a pipe jumper that connects the direct radiator connection to the return one. When looking at the battery, it is a thin pipe connecting the upper and lower levels of pipes in front of the radiator.
Two-pipe scheme works on the principle of separation of the supply and return lines. With this scheme, you can change radiators within the recommended models and install regulators to control parameters, even automatic ones.
Beam scheme installed in new buildings of a special type. Devices are connected in parallel and they do not affect each other. It is possible to control the level of heat supply. Within the apartment, you can design a configuration.

The working pressure in the central system is from 8 to 10 atmospheres. And at the time of pressure testing - from 12 to 14. Therefore, PVC pipes are not suitable. Radiators made of aluminum will also not withstand such loads. It is better to take steel, bimetallic or cast iron. Too lightweight radiators are a sign of low quality. It's better not to save here.

Autonomous heating in a private house

If there is no alternative to central heating, and there are no plans nearby engineering Communication, then autonomy is inevitable. What does an autonomous system for the home consist of? This is a device for heating, pipelines and valves.

The choice of equipment in a private house starts with the definition of the boiler. What are boilers?

- firewood, coal, pellets are fuel. They rank second in terms of efficiency after gas. But the process of exploitation is laborious. Pros: easy to get, quickly ignites. Cons: low efficiency - 70%, frequent cleaning of combustion products, soot in the boiler room. You will need a warehouse for fuel, it needs to be loaded frequently. It is also important to consider the draft regulator. In order not to overheat the parts in the absence of electricity, a chimney is designed. Suitable as a backup or auxiliary source of heat: heat the house to the desired temperature, and then turn on the electric boiler to maintain it.

- the cheapest installation and equipment, but the most expensive fuel. If there is no gas, then best view heating. Eco-friendly, no harmful emissions, high efficiency, no need to build a separate boiler room and chimney. Before buying equipment, it is better to clarify how much power can be used to determine the load. Electric boilers silent, no maintenance, temperature can be controlled automatically. Cons: expensive resource, electrical dependence, do not work well when power drops.

For the boiler, it is better to prepare a separate place or room. If there is enough space, then choose a floor boiler. If there is no extra space, then a mounted boiler will do.

It is better to design a heating scheme for a private house already at the construction stage. Having a layout of pipes around the house, it will be possible to leave holes for them in advance. With a house area of 200 m2, it is better to choose a boiler with two system circuits. You will also need an expansion tank and a heating circulation pump.

Autonomous heating in apartment building

It is difficult, but possible, to abandon the central one and switch to autonomous heating. It is illegal to change heating communications without permission. Public utilities are reluctant to part with payers. To do this, it is necessary to achieve a decision through the court to disconnect from the central system. First you need to clarify in the housing and communal services whether it is possible to realize this. At the same time order the development individual project, receive the necessary signatures from firefighters and housing and communal services. Collect a package of documents: diagrams and technical documentation. Obtain permission from the Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision. Next, they look for equipment and install it correctly.

To switch to autonomous heating of an apartment, you need:

Buy and install a heat exchanger. It is hung on the wall above the line of radiators;
Select and install the boiler. It is important not to save on equipment, to give preference to models with a security system and with a closed combustion chamber. Take into account the pressure and temperature of the water in the system;
The scheme is determined based on the layout. Often preference is given to Leningrad: a single-pipe scheme with parallel placement of radiators.

When switching to an autonomous heating system, any uncoordinated procedure can lead to heat loss from neighbors.

Learning from others' mistakes

How to avoid inefficient operation of the system, and not to make popular mistakes, will be discussed in the final chapter.

The scheme of the heating system should be developed by professionals. At the same time, the plumber can go on vacation, and force majeure can happen to the residents. Therefore, not only the one who serves should know the scheme, the owner should also have it.
Incorrectly selected pipes lead to unnecessary costs and breakdown of the system.
It is better to purchase only parts that are homogeneous in material: they have similar thermophysical properties. If heterogeneity is unavoidable, then such parts are connected by protective joints or gaskets.
In order for the equipment to work smoothly, install it according to the rules: free access, without overheating in the sun, without blowing. Forbidden to mount gas equipment in a hidden way.
When a plumber recommends buying and installing valves, it is best to listen to him so that the system does not get airy and there are no problems with heating.
Safety is more important than economy. The equipment is put on for years. It is better to immediately prepare for the costs at the installation stage. Then in the future there will be no repair costs and emergencies.
You can’t buy a gas boiler with more power than you need, because. this will lead to increased gas consumption and additional costs. Recall that for every 10 m 2 of the house plans 1 kW of power. If the house is 250 m 2, then we multiply 250 by 1 and divide by 10, we get 25 kW of power.
Reduce heat loss when decorating a house. Insulate walls, upper floors, roof. Otherwise, the heat leaves the street.

Building yard

Heating types. Overview of systems.

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IN Lately more and more often you can hear about the desire to save energy resources and increase the cost of fuel.

The amount of savings in fuel and energy resources and material resources spent on providing heat to consumers will directly depend on the method of heat supply.

How can you provide heat supply to multi-apartment residential buildings?

There are two options - to power the heat pipelines from the main heat networks or install an autonomous heat point.

Both options are good, but the presence of an individual heating point for several apartment buildings and autonomous heating using energy-saving means will please more. Why?

Because the distance between the pair "heat point - consumer" is minimized, thereby reducing heat loss along the heating network line. This type of heating is called decentralized, or autonomous.

A lower percentage of expenses for heating and hot water supply in an apartment building - and all because the costs of transporting and delivering the coolant to the end consumer are reduced.

Simply put, the source of heat supply is practically nearby, and therefore the time for supplying heat to residential buildings and the percentage of heat losses are reduced. This also leads to a reduction in the cost of maintaining, servicing and repairing heating systems.

The efficiency of heat supply systems - as a result, follows from the previous factor. Since the source of heat supply is nearby, then the amount of payment utilities for hot water and heating is somewhat lower.

Independence from the citywide heating schedule. In other words, while heating has not yet been given in the city (“because the heating season has not started according to the schedule”), and on the street already low temperature, apartment heating from an autonomous heat source will come in handy.

In addition, each consumer will be able to choose the best for his apartment. temperature conditions- turn off / turn on the heating system only for your apartment, adjusting the level of heat supply.

In this case, there are no connection problems due to "technical" and seasonal reasons.

Lower cost and higher payback of new buildings with an autonomous source of heat supply.

A separate boiler room in each house will increase free space in the courtyard. Click to enlarge.

This is more likely to play into the hands of developers, because in the case of the “traditional” construction of an apartment building, you have to spend quite a lot of time getting permission to connect a new building to a centralized heating network, install a meter (which is mandatory for any new building today).

The presence of "additional free space" within the whole microdistrict. This also contributes to the implementation of housing programs, the construction of new buildings and the arrangement of microdistricts not for heating mains, but for the infrastructure of the districts.

In addition, providing apartment buildings with an autonomous source of heat supply is also possible if there is already an established gas supply system in the construction area.

Flaws

However, along with the advantages that consumers of decentralized heating and hot water have, there are a number of disadvantages:

The need for additional space allocated for the construction of an autonomous boiler house.
Non-environmental operation of the boiler room. For a gas boiler house operating autonomously, it will be necessary to additionally equip an exhaust gas exhaust system in order to reduce smoke emissions into the atmosphere as much as possible, having obtained the MPC value required by SNiP (maximum permissible concentrations).
Price. Since autonomous heating today is not yet as popular and in demand as centralized heating systems, the production of boiler equipment for it has not been put on the conveyor. Consequently, prices for decentralized heating and hot water systems are still high.

Is it possible to eliminate the above shortcomings completely, or at least minimize them? Can. An additional area for an autonomous boiler room can be "found" on the roof of a multi-storey building that will be heated.

The "salt" is that the so-called rooftop boilers require flat roofs for their installation.

An increasing number of new buildings are already equipped with a roof-top boiler house with equipment installed above and top-mounted piping.

Of course, the installation of additional equipment will cost, and the decentralized heat supply of one apartment building itself is not cheap, but it will all pay off faster than if the house were simply connected to a centralized heat supply system.

Varieties of decentralized heat supply

Another example of autonomous heating of a multi-storey residential building is a block boiler house, consisting of a separate module. Block or modular boilers can be transported as they are delivered in containers.

The use of modular boiler rooms in an apartment building. Click to enlarge.

Their execution does not require the construction of a new building specifically for boiler equipment - the entire installation is already “encased” in a container, in addition, the module is thermally insulated, and the assembly is carried out directly at the manufacturer.

Previously, such blocks were used as heating systems for temporary structures (change houses), but now they are offered (after a number of modifications) as an alternative to centralized heating.

But most the best option autonomous heating is an apartment heating system powered from the main gas pipeline or through the power supply network (depending on the type of boiler), the “core” of which is a wall-mounted boiler (gas or electric).

Why wall mounted? Because wall-mounted boilers have a number of advantages:

Easy to install, easy to hang on the wall using a set of fasteners (fasteners must be supplied with the boiler equipment)
They are light in weight and small in size, do not take up much space in the room
With their size, they have good power (10-25 kW) and are able to heat a room up to 100 m2 - and this is quite enough for one four-room apartment
Available in both single and double

If the owner of the apartment plans to install a wall-mounted gas boiler as heating equipment, then he should check the completeness of the equipment, namely:

Boiler with two circuits (working both for space heating and hot water)
Combustion chamber - closed type
The presence of a fan to provide forced draft (fence fresh air from the street) and the removal of combustion products through the chimney
Pump for forced circulation of the coolant
Electronic ignition and full automatic – for efficient fuel use

An additional advantage in autonomous heat supply can be considered the possibility of installing a “warm floor” system - provided that the insertion of an additional pipe for taking the coolant does not affect the pressure level in the system.

In the case of an electric boiler that also works according to a two-circuit scheme (heating + providing the consumer with hot water), the difficulties will be much less: you will only have to get permission to allocate an additional power line, plus coordinate the insertion of the direct and return pipes into the general water supply system.

The only exception will be electrode boilers without heating elements that work to heat running water.

Possible Complications

If everything is so simple and easy, why are apartment owners in no hurry to re-equip their heating systems? The answer is simple: there is no permit for the conversion of heat supply.

No housing company will give the owner of the apartment permission to re-equip the heating system "just like that." And all because, as mentioned above, the cost of maintaining and repairing the heat supply system will decrease.

It follows that the owner of an apartment with refurbished heating will pay less, and this is already unprofitable for the management company.

Another question is if there will be several families in several apartments who want to re-equip the heating of the house, making it autonomous, and even better - residents in several nearby houses.

But in this case, the transition to autonomous heating can be fraught with such difficulties as obtaining permission to carry out all construction and installation work - and all this at the expense of willing owner-initiators.

Finally, I would like to note that it is advisable to entrust all work on the installation of autonomous heating in an apartment building to professionals who have the appropriate licenses to carry out work of this kind. Even if you just want to put an ordinary wall-mounted boiler at home.

panel radiator

There is constant talk that energy resources are becoming more expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to urgently consider issues related to energy savings. This also applies to heating systems, the use of which entails significant energy costs. If we talk about the heating system of any apartment building, then saving money and energy here will largely depend on the method of supplying thermal energy to apartments. There are two such methods - centrally and in the form of autonomous heating of an apartment building.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

Let's take a closer look at the second option and determine its positive and negative sides. To begin with, let's figure out what an autonomous heating point is. This is a separate room where boiler equipment is located, the power of which is enough to provide heat and hot water to the entire apartment building. This is a kind of mini-boiler room with a full range of necessary appliances, fixtures and systems. Modern technologies for providing heat to residential buildings began to be used in autonomous systems. The latter worked for one or more houses, which was doubly beneficial. Why?

Firstly, the distance from the heat generator to the heating devices in each apartment has been significantly reduced. This means that heat losses have decreased due to the transportation of the coolant.
Secondly, the time of heat supply to the consumer was reduced, which is again associated with a decrease in distance.
Thirdly, the costs of maintenance of heating networks, their repair and installation have changed downwards.
Fourth, decreased economic indicators arising from previous benefits. This means that the cost of the supplied coolant has changed to a minimum.

It turns out that an autonomous heating system for apartment buildings outperforms the central one in many respects. In addition, it is economical, which is in the hands of consumers. It is the proximity of the unit that heats the coolant that makes it economically justified to create a heating system of this type. There is another big plus in all this, connected with the beginning and end of the heating season.

Imagine that this season has not yet begun in your region, and the weather is clearly not summer. The blizzards are howling and the temperature is below zero. To start the central networks, you need to get an order from above, and the autonomous system can be turned on without delay. In addition, in all other indicators, it is no different if heat is supplied centrally. That is, by installing special temperature controllers inside the apartment on radiators or circuits, you can change temperature regime independently, thereby saving money from the family budget.

Autonomous System Diagram

There is another advantage of the system. When a house is being built, the developer must obtain a large number of permits, which will allow him to crash into the central highway. Bureaucratic delays sometimes take more than one month. Yes, and the installation of a meter will cause a lot of disputes between developers and the host, that is, the operating company. So for builders, the option with an autonomous heating system, even for the largest house, is ideal.

And the last advantage - the boiler house for the microdistrict occupies a place where not only buildings and water tanks will be erected, but also an electrical substation, access roads, warehouses, service premises, office buildings, etc. That is, under it will have to allocate a fairly impressive area. And if there is no need for a boiler room, the district administration can use this area for its own needs. For example, to build another residential building, a school, a clinic, and so on.

Flaws

gas boilers

Cons exist in any system, but they are usually less:

An autonomous boiler room should be located in a separate building, so it is necessary to allocate a site near the house for it. Sometimes such a building looks like an extension.
Mini-boiler rooms pollute to a certain extent environment. Therefore, modern cleaning devices are indispensable here. And being inside microdistricts obliges to create conditions for environmentally friendly performance indicators. They exist and are stipulated by the norms and rules of SNiP. Hence the increase in the cost of the equipment itself.
An autonomous heating system is not yet as popular as a centralized one, so the production of equipment and related components has not yet been put on stream. Hence the high cost of such systems. So, not all developers can afford them.

Heating regulator

However, experts say that engineering developments today can eliminate some of the shortcomings. For example, if an autonomous boiler room is used to heat only one apartment building, its equipment can be placed in the attic - the dimensions of the devices allow this. In addition, the attic immediately becomes heated, which is undoubtedly a plus. In addition, the area in the territory between the houses is freed up. The only requirement for such options is the presence of a flat roof, which is not a problem. If you plan to install just such a heating system, then you can add a flat roof to the project. Experts have already carried out preliminary calculations, which showed that even if the cost of equipment and installation costs are high, all this will pay off in a few seasons.

Varieties of decentralized heat supply

Of course, building a stand-alone boiler room, even a small one, is quite expensive. And the attic option is also not cheap. However, there is an alternative.

Modular boiler rooms

Block-modular boiler house

One of the very interesting projects is modular, or block, boiler rooms. There is no need to build anything, and only a small area is allocated for the boiler room. Blocks are brought here, which are easily and quickly connected into a finished structure. All of them are completed in the factory, the equipment inside them is precisely matched according to technical indicators, they are insulated and have a presentable appearance. The most important thing is to correctly arrange and connect the equipment. A couple of days, and the boiler room is ready. But only specialists should be engaged in its assembly. If anyone remembers, such modular boiler houses were used to heat change houses and barracks, that is, temporary structures. After engineers and designers worked on them, such autonomous installations began to be used for organizing heating in apartment buildings. However, this option is not the only one.

Wall mounted boilers

The most efficient and economical today is apartment heating, where wall-mounted boilers are used as a heating device. They run either on gas or electricity. Why wall-mounted?

wall boiler

Firstly, they are small in size, so they can be installed even in kitchens. At the same time, their appearance does not spoil the interior design at all.
Secondly, wall-mounted heating boilers are real mini-boiler rooms. Their design includes a circulation pump, an expansion tank, as well as control and safety devices.
Thirdly, such heating installations can have a power of up to 35 kilowatts, which makes it possible to heat rooms up to 100 square meters with their help.
Fourthly, modern manufacturers offer both single-circuit and double-circuit boilers for autonomous heating. So you will also be provided with hot water.

And now important question- how to choose such a boiler? The main thing is to correctly select the unit according to the design features. It should contain all the devices that we mentioned without exception - a pump, a tank, and so on. In addition, a chimney is required, which will ensure not only the removal of fuel combustion products in the case of gas boilers, but also the inflow clean air from the outside. This means that the wall-mounted gas boiler must be with a closed combustion chamber. And the last - full automation, which will not only simplify the operation of the boiler, but also save on fuel.

Attention! Modern wall-mounted heating boilers can also be used to connect the "warm floor" system to them. To do this, they have enough pressure, power, and coolant temperature.

Of course with gas boilers More connectivity issues. But electrical counterparts in this regard are simpler. Here it is only necessary to draw a branch from the switchboard with the installation of the machine and connect to the water supply system.

What can cause difficulties?

modern kitchen

It may seem that everything is very simple and profitable. Then why aren't tenants switching to this heating system? And no one gives them permission. Imagine that the residents of one house simultaneously submit documents for the re-equipment of heating networks, or rather, for the refusal of the services of organizations supplying heat to houses. First of all, this is a disaster for similar organization and depriving her of her profits. And, secondly, job cuts, although this issue is controversial. Someone needs to serve autonomous mini-boilers. So, according to many indicators, any of these options is not profitable for management companies. Although on a national scale, the opposite is true. But it is not up to us to decide this issue.

Conclusion on the topic

No matter what happens in the technical and financial sphere, no matter who forbids the introduction of innovations that entail savings, autonomous heating is still gradually making its way into life. Mini-boiler houses appear in new buildings in different cities, which are now being introduced as experimental ones. But it will take a couple of years, and everything will fall into place. No one wants or will pay more, so new technologies will gradually be introduced into life.

Do you think that heat bills are too high and the quality of service is unsatisfactory? Don't want to depend on planned and unplanned outages? Tired of abrupt temperature changes in batteries that do not correspond to weather changes? You have a perfectly legitimate opportunity to solve all these problems at once by installing your own heating boiler and disconnecting from the central heating network. But before you go to the plumbing store, you need to get as much information as possible on how to do everything correctly and in accordance with building codes. Do you want to competently equip autonomous heating in the apartment? Then get some basic information about this case here.

Pros and cons of autonomous heating in an apartment

How expedient is it to refuse centralized heating in an apartment building? Let's start with an overview of the advantages that an autonomous heating system in an apartment can bring you.

Important! When changing the power of the heating boiler, observe the known limits. Do not reduce the temperature in the room to values that are less than the figures prescribed in building codes. Otherwise, you will "freeze" neighboring apartments, which can lead to unwanted conflicts with neighbors.

Scheme depicting the autonomous heating system in the apartment. The boiler receives fuel from a gas supply line equipped with shutoff valves and a meter. Also connected to it is a feed cold water- the boiler is double-circuit, and, in addition to heating the apartment, it supplies residents with hot water. In the diagram, you can see that the cold water line going to the heater is equipped with a filter - its presence significantly extends the life of the equipment. Of course, the "supply" and "return" of the heating system also depart from the boiler, through which water enters the radiators and the "warm floor" system

It should be understood that independent heating of an apartment has its drawbacks and problems. If you are going to make autonomous heating at home, then be sure to read them so that they do not become an unpleasant surprise for you in the future. What should be d, you can find out in our article.

Now, having familiarized ourselves with the positive and negative sides of autonomous heating, we will tell you how to make it. The whole process can be represented as several steps performed sequentially.

Working with documents - obtaining permission to disconnect from district heating and arrange your own, autonomous system.
Selecting the power of the heating system for your apartment.
Choosing a boiler for autonomous heating
Installation work - installation of meters and a boiler, pipe laying, etc.

Competent work with documents is half the success

In the following sections of this article, we will cover all of these steps, but in more detail. So let's get started.

Preparation of documents for the arrangement of autonomous heating

The first 50% of success in arranging autonomous heating in an apartment is paperwork and going through a lot of bureaucratic delays. To make things easier for you, we have put together a sample step by step instructions on how to prepare the necessary papers and coordinate all the work.

Step 1. Collect a package of documents that you will need to obtain permission to disconnect from district heating and arrange autonomous heating:

technical passport for the apartment:
documents confirming the ownership of housing or their notarized copies;
consent to the redevelopment of all who live in the apartment;
application for disconnection from central heating;
application for redevelopment of the apartment.

Step 2 Find out who owns the heating system. If it is a common house, then to disconnect from it and to connect autonomous heating, you will need to obtain the written consent of all the residents of the house.

Step 3 With an application for disconnection from central heating and other documents, contact the management company (or HOA).

Step 4 Within ten days, you must obtain permission to disconnect from the general heating network and technical specifications (abbreviated as TU) for a heating boiler and an autonomous heating system.

Important! If the management company denied you permission, find out the reason. If unfounded, challenge this decision in court. Remember, you have the right to autonomous heating in your own apartment.

Step 5 WITH specifications and other documents, please contact specialized organization who will draft an autonomous heating system. They must also determine whether you have the technical ability to equip such a system and whether it will harm other residents, the building itself and its utilities.

Step 6 Send an application for redevelopment along with the project, technical calculations and other documents to local governments. Within 45 days, they must issue you a permit for the arrangement of autonomous heating.

Step 7 If the installation of a gas boiler is implied, coordinate this event with the gas service in your city.

Step 8 If necessary, confirm with the fire department that your redevelopment project complies with all regulations.

Some bureaucratic aspects of paperwork and permits for autonomous heating in an apartment may differ in different regions. Check these points in advance with the local administration.

Important! Remember that any unauthorized work not agreed with the gas service and management company, are invalid. First, such conditions create a risk for you, your family and neighbors. Secondly, it threatens with problems with the law, courts, fines and an official requirement to dismantle autonomous heating in the apartment.

Boiler power selection for autonomous heating

During the preparation of the project and permission to install autonomous heating, it is necessary to determine what boiler capacity will be sufficient to heat your apartment. To do this, a simple calculation is performed using the following formula:

Q=S*P*K1*K2*K3*K4*K5*K6*K7*R

The result of the calculations is Q - sufficient power to heat the apartment, watts are used as units of measurement. As variable S, select the total area of the apartment. P is the average amount of power sufficient to heat one square meter of a living room. In this case, it is equal to 100 W / m 2. Variables K1-K7 hide multipliers whose value depends on certain factors that can affect the efficiency of the heating system. You can find their meanings in the table. What is p , you can read in our article.

Table. Correction factors for calculating the power of the heating boiler.

Coefficient	What does	The values of this coefficient
K1	Type of windows in the apartment	For a single double-glazed window - 1.27, for a two-chamber - 1, for a three-chamber - 0.85
K2	Type external walls in an apartment facing the street	For concrete - 1.5, for brickwork- 1.1, for her, but with thermal insulation - 0.85
K3	The ratio of glazing area to the area of the apartment	For 10% - 0.8, for 20% - 1.0, for 30% - 1.2, for 40% - 1.4
K4	Regional coefficient, selected based on the average minimum temperature in January	Up to -10°С - 0.7, -10°С - 0.8, -20°С - 1.0, -25°С - 1.1, -30°С - 1.2, less than -30°С - 1.5
K5	The number of walls in the apartment facing the street	One wall - 1, for a corner apartment - 1.2
K6	Type of room above the apartment	For a residential floor - 0.82, for an insulated attic - 0.91, for a cold one - 1.
K7	The height of the ceiling in the apartment	For 2.5 m - 1.3 m - 1.05, 3.5 m - 1.1

Having multiplied the area of the apartment, the value of the average power and the correction factors, it remains to include the last variable in the formula - R. It denotes the reservation of the heating boiler capacity and has a value from 1.15 to 1.25.

A separate issue is the choice of the type of boiler that will heat the apartment. It can be either gas or electric. In this section, we will consider the first option.

To date, gas heating boilers are the most popular among the equipment of this class. They perfectly manifest themselves both in private houses and cottages, and in an autonomous heating system in a city apartment. The advantages of gas boilers over other devices include the following.

Cheapness of fuel. It is most profitable to heat an apartment, a house in the private sector or a country cottage with gas - the price of fuel is relatively low. Therefore, by abandoning central heating and switching to a similar heating boiler, you get the opportunity to save a lot of money and recoup all the costs of redevelopment faster.
Noiselessness- a modern boiler will not interfere with your sleep, rest or household chores.
compactness- a medium-capacity gas-fired heating boiler does not take up too much space. Its dimensions are comparable to one section of a kitchen cabinet.
Functionality – modern automation allows you to have greater freedom of action in setting up the operation of a gas boiler.

But there is such a device and one drawback. It is associated with fuel - a gas boiler is a fire hazardous equipment. Therefore, it is better to entrust the connection to the energy supply to an experienced specialist who has the appropriate permits and approvals and has all the necessary tools and skills to work with him. What is it and how to install it, you can see on our page.

Gas boilers, in turn, are divided into two main types - single and double-circuit. In the first case, the fuel is burned to heat only the coolant of the heating system and for nothing else. it also supplies you with hot water, from the centralized supply of which you can also refuse in the future.

Consider the device of the boiler shown in the image above. This is a double-circuit heater with separated heat exchangers - the upper one is used to heat the liquid for heating, and the lower one is used for hot water used by the residents of the apartment. The pump creates the desired level of pressure in the line. allows you to compensate for the increase in the volume of liquid in the heating system with increasing temperature. The combustion products formed during the operation of the boiler are discharged into a coaxial chimney. Through it, the fan also takes in air from the street, which is necessary for the functioning of the combustion chamber.

If for some reason the tenants of an apartment building are not satisfied with the heating of their apartment, then it probably occurred to someone of them: is it possible to make individual heating in an apartment?

At first glance, this is a completely impossible task. However, in fact, there is nothing supernatural in this.

It is only necessary to sensibly and competently approach the solution of the problem, and any apartment in an apartment building will be able to acquire its own system individual heating.

If the question arose before a person: is it possible to make individual heating in an apartment, then it is obvious that there were a number of reasons that were a prerequisite for the occurrence.

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Individual heating of an apartment - what is it, why and for what

Most often, people decide to abandon the central heating due to the fact that:

they are not satisfied with the quality of heating - lack of heat, discomfort in the cold season
they want to regulate the level and timing of heat supply to the apartment themselves
they want to reduce heating bills

How to prepare a legal framework

So, the owner of the apartment decided on the technical parameters of the equipment.

There was one, but very significant issue - obtaining permission to install this equipment in your apartment.

To answer: is it possible to make individual heating in an apartment building, only the interdepartmental commission responsible for the use of the housing stock can.

It is there that you will have to apply for the appropriate permission.

First of all, you need to prepare the following package of documents:

application for the installation of individual heating
consent of all apartment owners
minutes of the meeting of all residents of the house with consent to the installation of individual heating in a particular apartment
title documents for the apartment
technical passport of the apartment and its copy
if the house is an architectural monument, then the conclusion of the relevant authority on the legality and possibility of redevelopment

In addition, you will need a lot of various technical documentation, starting with an apartment redevelopment project and ending with copies of purchased equipment.

To collect all required documents and permissions will have to bypass more than one service and organization. If it is planned to install an electric boiler, then for permission it is necessary to contact the city power grid. For the installation of a gas boiler, a permit is issued by the city gas service. Its experts inspect your home for the presence of a working chimney.

Permission to disconnect from the general house heating is given by the city heating network. The project for the re-equipment of the apartment will be approved by the design. In addition, this project must be coordinated with the SES authorities and the fire department.

When the entire package is assembled, all the necessary permits have been received and approved, you can safely purchase equipment and conclude contracts with professional contractors who will quickly, correctly and safely install individual heating in your apartment. However, that's not all. The last step is to receive the acceptance certificate.

Problems of high-rise buildings

The owners of apartments located on the last floors of multi-storey buildings often have: is it possible to make individual heating in an apartment on the top floor.

In fact, the inhabitants of the upper floors have fewer problems with disconnecting from the central heating, since to disconnect, you only need to make jumpers to the lower risers and that's it. Whereas in apartments located on the lower floors, when disconnected from the central heating, there may be a violation of the heating in adjacent rooms.

Installing individual heating in an apartment building will require a lot of both material and moral costs. You will have to spend a lot of time to bypass all instances and to carry out technical work. But all the effort will pay off with further cost savings and improved comfort in your apartment.

You can switch to independent heating only for the whole house:

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